Code No: RR220801 Set No.

1
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain the concept of temperature and equality of temperature.

(b) State the first law of thermodynamics. For non flow process, prove the follow-
ing energy equation:Q = W + ∆U . [8+8]

2. (a) A refrigerator is rated at a COP of 4. The refrigerated space that it cools re-
quires a peak cooling rate of 30,000 kJ/h. Calculate the power of the electrical
motor required for the refrigerator?
(b) Two kg of air is heated at constant pressure of 200 kPa to 5000 C. Calculate
the entropy change if the initial volume is 0.8 m3 . [8+8]

3. (a) Prove that the efficiency of an Otto cycle depends upon its compression ratio.
(b) A spark ignition engine operates on an Otto cycle with a compression ratio of
9 and temperature limits of 300 C and 10000 C . If the power output is 500kW,
calculate the thermal efficiency and the mass flux of air. [8+8]

4. (a) What are the different methods of governing of steam turbines? Explain any
one method with the help of neat sketches.
(b) Determine the enthalpy required to produce 6 kg of dry saturated steam at a
pressure of 750 kN/m2 from water at 300 C . Take specific heat of water as 4.2
kJ/kgK. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain briefly with a sketch the working principle of a jet propulsion unit.
(b) A six cylinder petrol engine working on four stroke Otto cycle runs at a speed
of 2000 rpm. Each cylinder is 100 mm in diameter and the stroke is 150 mm.
If the mean effective pressure is 500 kN/m2 , find the indicated power of the
engine. [8+8]

6. (a) Prove that the volumetric efficiency of a compressor is given by

ηv = 1 − K/100 [(p2 /p1 )1/n − 1]

(b) A compressor delivers 2 kg/s of air at 2 MPa having received it from the
atmosphere at 200 C. Determine the required power input and the rate of heat
removed if the compression process is polytropic with n = 1.4. [8+8]

7. (a) Explain the different methods by which power from one shaft to another is
transmitted.

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Code No: RR220801 Set No. 1
(b) A belt embraces the shorter pulley 1650 and runs over at a speed of 1700
m/min. Dimensions of the belt are: width = 20cm, thickness = 10mm, density
is 1 g/cm3 . Determine the maximum power that can be transmitted at the
above speed if maximum permissible stress in the belt is not to exceed 20 bar,
µ = 0.3. [8+8]

8. (a) With the help of neat sketch explain the following terms in connection with
spur gear.
i. Circular pitch
ii. Dedendum circle
iii. Addendum circle
(b) What are the different types of thrust bearings? Explain? [6+10]

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Code No: RR220801 Set No. 2
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A cylinder closed at both contains a free piston. On one side of which is nitrogen
and other side is air. The initial pressure and volume of each is being 1.03 bar and
0.5 m3 respectively. Both the piston and cylinder are perfectly insulated. In the
cylinder on the air side of the piston there is an electric heater which is used to
heat the air. Heat is added to the air in this manner until the volume occupied by
the nitrogen is 0.3 m3 . The initial temperature of each gas is 50o C . Determine

(a) the final temperature of air and

(b) the heat supplied to air.

Assume Cp for air as 1.005 and R for air as 0.287 kJ/kgK and γ = 1.4 for nitrogen.
Also draw the PV diagram. [16]

2. (a) Prove that Kelvin-Planck statement and Clausius statement of Second law of
thermodynamics are equivalent.
(b) Heat is supplied to a working fluid of an engine at the rate of 100 kcal/min at a
constant temperature of 4500 C . The working fluid expands adiabatically into
the engine cylinder and finally it is discharged from the engine at a constant
temperature of 1000 C . Find the power developed by the engine. [8+8]

3. (a) In what respect diesel cycle differs from Otto cycle. Which cycle gives higher
efficiency for the same compression ratio?
(b) The maximum allowable pressure in an Otto cycle is 8 MPa. Conditions at the
beginning of the air compression are 85kPa and 220 C . Calculate the required
heat addition and the MEP, if the compression ratio is 8. [6+10]

4. (a) Explain the main advantages and disadvantages of fire tube boiler over water
tube boilers.
(b) A power plant is to be operated on an ideal Rankin cycle with the superheated
steam exiting the boiler at 4 MPa and 5000 C . Calculate the thermal efficiency
and the quality at the turbine outlet if the condenser pressure is
i. 20 kPa
ii. 10 kPa, and
iii. 8 kPa [8+8]

5. (a) Describe the operation of a two stroke cycle IC engine with neat sketches.

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Code No: RR220801 Set No. 2
(b) The indicated power of a two cylinder four stroke cycle petrol engine is 15 kW
when it runs at a speed of 1000 rpm. If the mean effective pressure is 600
kN/m2 , determine the necessary bore and stroke assuming the stroke is 1.2
times the bore. [10+6]

6. An air compressor has a piston displacement of 12 m3 /min. The pressure and tem-
perature of air at the end of suction stroke are 100 kN/m2 and 150 C. The pressure
and temperature of air in the receiver of 2 m3 capacity is raised to 750 kN/m2 and
400 C in 70 seconds. Determine the volumetric efficiency of the compressor. The
initial pressure and temperature in the receiver are 103 kN/m2 and 150 C. [16]

7. (a) State the applications, advantages and disadvantages of chain drives.

(b) Power is transmitted between two shafts by a V - belt whose mass is 0.9 kg/m
length. The maximum permissible tension in the belt is limited to 2.2 kN.
The angle of lap is 1700 and the grove angle is 450 . If the coefficient of friction
between the belt and pulley is 0.17, find the maximum power transmitted by
the belt. [8+8]

8. (a) What are the different types of gears? Explain their applications.
(b) Describe the following bearings with the help of neat sketch:
i. Single row deep groove ball bearing
ii. Thrust ball bearing [6+10]

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Code No: RR220801 Set No. 3
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A cylinder closed at both contains a free piston. On one side of which is nitrogen
and other side is air. The initial pressure and volume of each is being 1.03 bar and
0.5 m3 respectively. Both the piston and cylinder are perfectly insulated. In the
cylinder on the air side of the piston there is an electric heater which is used to
heat the air. Heat is added to the air in this manner until the volume occupied by
the nitrogen is 0.3 m3 . The initial temperature of each gas is 50o C . Determine

(a) the final temperature of air and

(b) the heat supplied to air.

Assume Cp for air as 1.005 and R for air as 0.287 kJ/kgK and γ = 1.4 for nitrogen.
Also draw the PV diagram. [16]

2. (a) Explain the term ‘entropy’. What is its difference with the temperature?
(b) A Carnot engine operates in series between two reservoirs maintained at 5000 C
and 400 C respectively. The energy rejected by the first engine is utilized as
energy input to the second engine. Determine the temperature of this inter-
mediate reservoir between the two engines if the efficiencies of both engines
are the same. [6+10]

3. (a) In what respect diesel cycle differs from Otto cycle. Which cycle gives higher
efficiency for the same compression ratio?
(b) The maximum allowable pressure in an Otto cycle is 8 MPa. Conditions at the
beginning of the air compression are 85kPa and 220 C . Calculate the required
heat addition and the MEP, if the compression ratio is 8. [6+10]

4. (a) Explain the following terms:

i. Dry saturated steam
ii. Wet steam
iii. Superheated steam
iv. Dryness fraction of steam
(b) A Rankin cycle operates between pressures of 2 MPa and 10 kPa with a
maximum temperature of 6000 C . If the insulated turbine has an efficiency of
80 percent, calculate the cycle efficiency and the temperature of steam at the
turbine outlet. [8+8]

5. (a) Describe the major classifications of internal combustion engine.

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Code No: RR220801 Set No. 3
(b) A four stroke cycle internal combustion engine has a piston diameter of 150
mm and the average piston speed is 200 m per min. If the mean effective
pressure is 700kN/m2 , find the indicated power of the engine. [8+8]

6. A single stage single acting compressor 20 cm in diameter and 20 cm in stroke

delivers air at 2000 kN/m2 . The temperature and pressure at the suction are
270 C and 100 kN/m2 . Assuming compression and expansion follow the law pv1.2
=Constant and clearance is 20% stroke volume, find

(a) the volumetric efficiency and

(b) power of the compressor if the compressor runs at 200 rpm. [16]

7. (a) Explain the different types of belt drives with the help of neat sketches.
(b) A flat belt running over a pulley of 800mm diameter running at 240rpm is
having a coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley 0.28 and angle
of lap is 1650 . If the maximum tension in the belt is 3kN, determine the power
transmitted by the belt drive. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the hydrodynamic theory of lubrication

(b) A compound gear train consists of 6 gears A,B,C,D,E and F and they have
20,30,40,50,60,70 teeth respectively, A is fitted to the first shaft and B is
mashed with C. Gear D and E are fitted to the third shaft and E is meshed
with F which is fixed to another shaft. If A rotates at 210 rpm, find the rpm
of F. [6+10]

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Code No: RR220801 Set No. 4
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the terms state, path, process and cyclic process.
(b) Calculate CP and Cv of air if 0.46 kg of air at 179o C expends isentropically to
three times its original volume. During this expansion process the temperature
drops to 15.5o C The work done by the air is 52.9 kJ. [8+8]

2. (a) Give the two classical statements of the second law of thermodynamics. Ex-
plain how it leads to a clarification of the first law.
◦
(b) Air is compressed from a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 21 C to a
◦
pressure of 2 bar and temperature of 38 C. For this process determine:
i. change in entropy
ii. whether heat is added or removed or is it zero
iii. the final temperature if the process were isentropic. Sketch process for
part
iv. on a T-s plane [6+10]

3. (a) In what respect diesel cycle differs from Otto cycle. Which cycle gives higher
efficiency for the same compression ratio?
(b) The maximum allowable pressure in an Otto cycle is 8 MPa. Conditions at the
beginning of the air compression are 85kPa and 220 C . Calculate the required
heat addition and the MEP, if the compression ratio is 8. [6+10]

4. A steam power plant is proposed to operate between the pressures of 10 kPa and 2
MPa with a maximum temperature of 4000 C, as shown in figure4 given. What is
the maximum efficiency possible from the power cycle? [16]

Figure 4
Saturated liquid
h1 = hf = 191.8 kJ/kg

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Code No: RR220801 Set No. 4
Super heat
h3 = 3248kJ/kg
s3 = 7.1279 kJ/kg. K

5. A four stroke cycle petrol engine has a diameter of 150 mm and a stroke of 250
mm. The mean effective pressure exerted upon the piston is 700 kN/m2 and the
crank shaft makes 406 revolutions per min. If there is an average misfires of 3 per
minute, find the indicated power of the engine. [16]

6. (a) Explain why a reciprocating air compressor with clearance delivers less air
than a reciprocating compressor with no clearance?
(b) A single stage air compressor draws 25 liters of air per second at 100kN/m2
and compresses it according to the law pv1.2 =constant to the delivery pressure
600kN/m2 . Calculate the power required to drive the compressor assuming
the mechanical efficiency as 80 per cent. [6+10]

7. (a) Explain the different methods by which power from one shaft to another is
transmitted.
(b) A belt embraces the shorter pulley 1650 and runs over at a speed of 1700
m/min. Dimensions of the belt are: width = 20cm, thickness = 10mm, density
is 1 g/cm3 . Determine the maximum power that can be transmitted at the
above speed if maximum permissible stress in the belt is not to exceed 20 bar,
µ = 0.3. [8+8]

8. (a) What are the different types of gears? Explain their applications.
(b) Describe the following bearings with the help of neat sketch:
i. Single row deep groove ball bearing
ii. Thrust ball bearing [6+10]

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