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Spent Acid Iron Content High Temperature Temperature Low Temperature Chlorite In SS
H2S Wells
Acid Systems
Well Stimulation
High Permeability
Low Permeability
Likely to have shallow damage invasion however, minor precipitation can cause a very high impairment to permeability. Ensure reaction rate is controlled and ph remain < 3 highly volatile fluid is recommended to improve cleanup Check closely emulsion and sludge creation due to Iron in Acid, surfactant and Inhibitor used. Treatment including mutual Solvent is preferred(Decrease injection P)
Calcareous
Excercise
calculate amount of 7.5% HCL preflush per foot required to remove CaCO3 from a SS formation with 7% limestone and 15% porosity.
OH size 8 in Acid penetration 2 feet Limestone density = 22.53 lb/gal 1.0 lb of CaCO3 is dissolved by 1 gal of 7.5% HCL
Time 10 minutes
Excercise (Continued)
Vol of CaCO3 in cuft = 22/7(((2.333)^2)(0.333)^2))x0.15x0.07= 0.1759 cuft/ft Limestone density in lb/cuft = 22.53*7.48=168.52 lb/cuft Wt of CaCO3 per foot = 168.52*0.1759 = 191.944 lb/ft gallons of 7.5% HCL required = 191.944/1.0= 192 gal
A full strength HBF has 8% HBF4+0.6%HF+0.3%HCL A Half Strength HBF has 4% HBF4+0.3%HF+0.15%HCL
NH4Cl/HCl, Xylene and Mutual Solvent (Pre Flush). NH4Cl/HCl or Diesel or Nitrogen (Over flush- 4 ft) Mutual solvent /Surfactant (To make Water wet formation).
SRA-15, SRA-7.5, SRA123 Remove Drilling Damage/Formation Silt in SS Restore Fracture Density Restore Permeability/ Open Clogged Perforation Suspending & easy flow back of Silt & Particles Special Additives S281, S260
Frequently Used in SandStone Ratio 12:3, 6:1.5 (depends upon Clay %) HF Partially Dissolve Siliceous Materials (Bentonite) HCl Base fluid as a Pre/Post Flush. HF can cause Precipitation. Early flow back Required. Special additive Ammonium Bi fluoride. (ABF)
High Temp. Environment above 250F Preferred in Low Permeability formations Deeper Penetration Less Corrosive than HCl. Blend with other Mineral Acids 9% Formic or 10% Acetic Acid
Mainly Used for limestone. For Deeper Penetration Reduce wormhole effect/ Increase Acid Spending Time Temp. Range 200-300F. Special Additive S301 (Acid Gelling Agent)
Non polymer based gelling system 95% retained permeability Excellent post job clean-out and biodegradable or in contact
with Isopropanol/Hydrocarbon.
The system works for saline water zone for both gas and oil
wells.
Temperature up to 140 deg C. (285 deg F) Recommended for formation permeability > 20 md
Commonly used Pill / gel plugs are polymer based and thus they are
damaging to formation. Sprint NDP pill a unique carrier which includes ZERO polymer yet very efficiently viscosifying water base fluids and brines for temperatures up to 285 deg F (148 deg C).
NDP base fluid allows loading fluids with medium to coarse graded particles
such as calcium carbonate / frac gravel / LCM material for different oilfield applications.
The gel is non-Newtonian; under high shear rates the solution has a low
viscosity, but a high viscosity gel forms rapidly under low shear rate conditions. The gel provides the fluid with good solid carrying capability.
The Pill can be washed/cleaned later, meanwhile the gel entering the
formation breaks at the contact with hydrocarbons producing a solid-less fluid.
No re-precipitation of reaction products Recommended for tubulars where HCl is not recommended Can be used for the near wellbore matrix, perforations,
slotted/perforated liner, gravel pack, pre-packed screen and/or open hole