CSIR PGRPE on Advanced Instrumentation Engineering (2009-2010) CSIO, Sector-30, Chandigarh-160030, (www.csio.res.in

Agrionics Photonics Biomedical Engineering
CSIR Postgraduate Research Programme in Engineering
20092010
Two-year PG Research Programme
ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
in
Central Scientific Instruments Organisation

Sector 30-C, Chandigarh [www.csio.res.in]
Post Graduate Research Programme in
Advanced Instrumentation Engineering

With Specialisation in
Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Sector 30-C, Chandigarh-160030
Advanced Instrumentation Engineering

Instrumentation Engineering is the synergistic combination of mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, control engineering, systems design engineering and computer engineering to achieve measurements and control. It is a multidisciplinary field involving material science, sensors & actuators, optics, signal processing, statistics, computation, communication. The applications for this field are mostly visible in Health, Agriculture, Aviation, Safety, Security, Space, Manufacturing and Processing Sectors. This PG research programme on Advanced Instrumentation Engineering aims to provide in-depth exposure to the engineering concepts, scientific principles, research methodology and hands-on experience on advanced real-life R&D projects in different specialisations of advanced instrumentation engineering. Due to its multidisciplinary nature, graduates from wider branches of engineering can enrol into this course. Students completing this two-year programme will be fully research-enabled and industry-ready. The first semester of the programme focuses on core subjects and associated laboratories. The second and third semesters of the programme provide further sub-specialization in the areas of:

Agrionics (AG) Photonics (PH) Biomedical Engineering (BM)
The third and fourth semesters give the opportunity to the candidates to effectively utilize the knowledge acquired through the courses towards advanced R&D project work and dissertation in their specialisation areas. The medium of instruction and evaluation is English.
Number of Seats and Sub-Specialisation Streams in the Programme

The total number of seats available is 10 with the distribution among the following specializations. Allotment of specializations will be made based on the candidate's performance and preference at the end of the first semester.

The programme offers three streams as follows:
CSIR PGRPE on Advanced Instrumentation Engineering (2009-2010) CSIO, Sector-30, Chandigarh-160030, (www.csio.res.in)
AGRIONICS
Agro-technology is an increasingly crucial input in the industrialisation and development of nations and communities, particularly in the current era of globalisation, trade liberalisation and emphasis on competitiveness. The shared technologies and innovations of today are creating different agro-food industries and communities of tomorrow. CSIO has been involved in agri instrumentation since more than three decades. The term agrionics has been coined recently to imply agri electronic instrumentation. This novel course offers a scientific base for dissemination of basic methods and prevalent practices on crop management, soil preparation, testing, postharvest handling techniques, agro-processing and regulatory issues regarding food products. The course addresses scientific, engineering and technological instrumentation issues pertaining to agriculture management aimed at reducing the incidence of food losses, maintenance and assurance of quality, safety and traceability of products. Particular emphasis has been given to postharvest innovation, the transformation of knowledge and technologies into useful products and services in agri-food industries, as a key driver of economic growth and improved standards of living in rural-based economies.
PHOTONICS
The term Photonics implies generation, emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, detection and sensing of light. Foreseeing the demand of trained manpower in the emerging area of photonics for industry and research organisations within the country, it becomes necessary to initiate such a course. This course is intended to develop skilled manpower to meet the emerging needs of industry, standards as well as that of research and development. This subspecialisation is designed primarily to mould the field application of fibres into sensor networks, instrumentation and communication. It would allow engineering graduates to work in the emerging areas of fibre optics sensors, distributed sensors networks, optical materials, fibre waveguides, optoelectronics, holography, aspherics, structural health monitoring and optical communication optical instrumentation for strategic and societal needs. Other aspect with broader optical engineering embraces optics, optical materials, waveguides applied as sensors and imaging into many sectors such as industrial, strategic, agro and medical applications. CSIO Scientists are actively perusing research leading to applications in sectors such as safety, security, structures health monitoring and transport in civil life such as in aviation, railways, mines, oil & gas, railways, power generation and transmission, non-conventional energy generation, disaster mitigation, mining and geophysical survey, biosensors, biophotonics, medicine, atomic energy etc.
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Biomedical Instrumentation is the application of engineering principles and techniques to the medical field. It combines the design and problem solving skills of engineering with medical and biological sciences to help improve patient health care and the quality of life of individuals. As the interest in this field is increasing, some institutions of engineering now have a biomedical engineering program or department at the undergraduate level. As a relatively new discipline, biomedical engineering covers fields: bioinformatics, medical imaging, image processing, physiological signal processing, biomechanics, biomaterials and bioengineering, systems analysis, 3-D modelling, etc. Examples of concrete applications of biomedical engineering are the development and manufacturing of biocompatible prostheses, medical devices, diagnostic devices and imaging equipment such as CT, MRI and EEG, and pharmaceutical drugs.
About CSIO
Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO) is a premier national laboratory dedicated to research, design and development of scientific and industrial instruments. It is one of the constituent laboratories of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India, a multi-disciplinary and multi-dimensional apex industrial research & development organisation of the country. Established in October 1959, CSIO was chartered to stimulate the growth of indigenous instrument industry in the country through development of contemporary technologies and other scientific & technological assistance. Initially located at New Delhi, CSIO was moved in 1962 to Chandigarh, the City Beautiful located in the north west of Delhi. CSIO Campus (spread over an area of approximately 120 acres) comprises of Office Buildings, R&D Laboratories, Indo-Swiss Training Centre and a Housing Complex. An austere four-storey building and the accompanying workshops were inaugurated in December 1967. Another four-storey block was added in 1976 for housing R&D Divisions, Library, etc. During mid-eighties, the laboratory buildings and infrastructural facilities were modernized in order to gear the Institute towards taking up development projects in challenging and emerging areas of technology. A separate Administrative Block was inaugurated in September 1994. With a view to meeting the growing demand of well trained instrument technologists, Indo-Swiss Training Centre (ISTC) was started in December 1963 with the co-operation of Swiss Foundation for Technical Assistance, Zurich, Switzerland. CSIO is a multi-disciplinary organization having well equipped laboratories manned by highly qualified and well trained staff with infrastructural facilities in the areas of microelectronics, optics, applied physics, electronics, mechanical engineering, etc. The current on-going R&D programmes include technological solutions for societal application in food & agro and health & rehabilitation sector; avionics, snow and seismic monitoring in strategic sector, landslide and structure health monitoring for public safety and bio and nano sciences for various application sectors. A large number of instruments ranging from simple to highly sophisticated ones, have been designed and developed by the Institute and their knowhow have been passed on to the industry for commercial exploitation. Having contributed substantially towards the growth of the scientific instruments industry in the country, CSIO enjoys a high degree of credibility among the users of the instruments as well as the instrument industry. CSIO, Chandigarh is surrounded by several leading institutions such as Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTech, CSIR), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Terminal Ballistics Research Lab (TBRL, DRDO) and Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE, DRDO), Government Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Centre for Design of Advanced Computing (C-DAC, MCIT), Panjab University, Punjab Engineering College, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research (NITTTR), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), IIT Punjab, Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL), and Semiconductor Laboratory.
Campus
CSIO campus is situated on the Ambala-Chandigarh highway which houses the laboratories & workshops, Indo-Swiss Training Centre (ISTC) and residential complex. The various amenities available in the campus include Clinical Centre, Crche, Community Centre, Health Club and Adult Park. There are 250 dwelling units of various types catering to different levels of employees. A hostel is available for students from various engineering institutions and universities undergoing their thesis/project/training. A guesthouse with a capacity of 16 CSIO Canteen and Guest House rooms is also available in the campus. A canteen facility exists for all the employees and students. At present the vacant Type-I accommodation in the campus is being renovated with provision for internet facility for accommodating the Scientist Trainees and a 50-room hostel is proposed to be constructed for them. Dining and Common Room facilities would be provided in for Scientist Trainees.
Laboratories
CSIO has a number of state-of-art modern labs actively engaged in R&D programmes of the institute. A select number of these labs and facilities have been earmarked for carrying out research/project/thesis of MTech/PhD level scholars. They can accommodate additional 3-5 Scientist Trainees each while a similar number would be allowed from other institutions. Three basic (common to all streams) labs exist (already catering MTech(Mechatraonics) students). Additional two labs are easily configurable from the related R&D groups. Furthermore, in all the three departments for the chosen streams, sitting space for accommodating the Scientist Trainees is being created with standard office amenities including computer, internet, printing, phone/fax facility. The CSIOs IT cell would extend the services to the Scientist Trainees. Similarly, administrative requirements including national travel and outstation stay/accommodation of the TSs would be met initially by the existing CSIO establishments till independent arrangements are made. The Scientist Trainees would be considered as team members for international collaborations and funds for fees/travel/etc would be sought from different sources including CSIO/CSIR and other government funding schemes.
Library
CSIO library has a seating capacity of about 40 persons and is equipped with more than 50,000 books and standards covering a wide spectrum of areas of science, engineering, technology, management and multidisciplinary areas. Currently 92 journals in different disciplines are subscribed by the library and there is access of more than 2000 on-line e-journals within the campus. Besides that, the library has arrangements with other local institutions as well as National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) for emergent requirement of literature and books. The annual budget of the library is Rs 45.00 lacs which is likely to be enhanced to meet the future requirements. Additional budget would be sought for procuring text and recommended books for the Sc. Trainees.
Faculty
Well qualified and experienced senior scientists of CSIO have designed the course content for the prestigious maiden Scientific & Technological education and training programme of programme. Almost all the faculty has been drawn from research groups of CSIO engaged in the multidisciplinary areas of scientific and industrial instrumentation, devices, systems and related technologies. The expertise of R&D teams here largely caters to the application sectors such as health, agro, strategic and public safety. CSIO has been playing an active role for human resource development in terms of running MTech (Instrumentation) affiliated to Panjab University (PU), Chandigarh which was initiated at CSIO in the year 1994 and was run by CSIO faculty using internal laboratory facilities for three consecutive years before it was shifted to PU. The faculty here is still actively involved in the programme in terms of decision making bodies, thesis supervision and evaluation. The scientists here were also involved in conception, design and implementation of another programme [MTech (Microelectronics)] programme in the year 1998 in association with Semiconductor Complex Ltd (now called Semiconductor Laboratory), Mohali (Pb) currently being successfully run by PU, Chandigarh. Another Masters programme [MTech(Nanosciences)] has also been initiated in 2006 in PU, Chandigarh. More recently, CSIO has jointly initiated an MTech (Mechatronics) programme with Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur and Central Electronic Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani in affiliation with Bengal Engineering Science University (BESU), Shibpur, Kolkata. This programme is being run jointly by the faculty of the all the four institutions involved at the respective places. Furthermore, scientists also supervise on a regular basis project training and thesis work of a large number of B.Tech and MTech students respectively. A number of Junior Research Fellows (JRFs) and Senior Research Fellows (SRFs) pursue their research work at CSIO for MTech/PhD. To facilitate a better R&D, academia and industry interface, CSIO has entered into several MoUs with universities, institutions and industries resulting in a regular flow of students and research problems. CSIO scientists are also members of Board of Studies (BoSs) and Research Degree Committees (RDCs) of a number of universities and institutions. In addition, an exclusive Indo-Swiss Training Centre (ISTC) of CSIO has been offering 3-yr Diploma in Instrument Technology (since 1963) and 4-yr Advanced Diplomas in Mechatronics and Die & Mould Making. Senior Scientists have been identified to serve as faculty for PGRTP, CSIO Chandigarh. They comprise of PhDs and MTechs and some of them are pursuing their PhD. All are MTechs and PhDs from reputed institutions such as IITs, BITS, NITs etc from the country and aboard. Some of them have gained experience as Post Doctorate from abroad and they are maintaining active contact and interaction with the professors in foreign universities/institutions including top league ones. These faculty members have experience of designing courses for various MTech programmes as mentioned above. Most of them have teaching experience ranging few years to more than a decade gained at different times over their career for teaching special subjects in engineering institutions and at university level. Some of the faculty members that have been drawn from CSIOs Indo-Swiss Training Centre are dedicated to teaching diploma and post-diploma courses. A good number of international research publications have emanated from the research work carried out by these scientists and some of the papers have been published in high impact factor journals. About a dozen of PhDs have been supervised by some of the senior faculty members in the last decade while currently more than 20 PhDs and about 35 MTech students are pursuing their thesis. In the last few years, more than 50 patents have been filed by them and granted while many are under process. A number of technologies successfully developed by the scientists have been transferred to industry and a few industrial consultancies have been carried out in the related areas.
ADMISSION PROCESS Admission Process

Please see the CSIR website, http://www.csir.res.in for announcement and online submission of the admission form. The selected candidates will be designated as Scientist Trainee under the CSIR QHS scheme. Admission eligibility, important dates, stipend, fees, etc are provided on the CSIR web site. However, the mode of fee payment at CSIO is provided below.
Payment of Fees at CSIO
For NEFT bank transfer, please transfer the amount to the saving account number 30267029400 (Saving) of Director, CSIO at SBI, Sector 30, Chandigarh, (IFSC Code SBIN0001443) with appropriate narration statement. Payment may also be made using demand draft, drawn in favour of Director, CSIO payable at Chandigarh and sent by speed post or registered letter to Director, CSIO, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160 030 along with appropriate covering statement.
Recent Activities & Infrastructural Facilities of CSIO in

Agrionics
FBG (Fibre Bragg Gratings) Sensors for Agro Applications
Development of FBG sensors for monitoring temperature and moisture of soil was taken-up recently. Lab studies for temperature measurement in soil using FBG sensors and investigations for optimization of various process parameters for development of holographic phase mask for FBG writing are in progress.
Sensors and Instrumentation for Pesticides Estimation

The development of biosensor and instrumentation is based on fluorescence or impedance/voltametric changes occurring during interaction of pesticide molecule with the bio-sensing material. These sensors will be deployed for the estimation of pesticide level in water and soil, etc. The layout of the sensor design has been accomplished. The activities involving system configuration, optimization & characterization of material parameters for sensing layers and fluorescence behaviour of different molecules are in progress.
Experimental Set-up for Tea Quality Measurement The issue of adulteration of food items has been drawing attention by several researches with an objective to device appropriate transduction techniques for its assessment. Honey is usually adulterated by mixing it with high fructose corn syrup, jaggery, sugar syrup, glucose and sucrose. Quantification of quality of honey on the basis of its physical and chemical properties, such as, pH, electrical conductivity, viscosity and NIR spectral absorbance are being studied. By including samples with several known adulterations in the reference set, predictive models will be developed to identify the type of adulterant in honey. Partial least squares (PLS) regression find ample scope in the development of calibration models for the classification of honey adulteration.
Sensor and Instrumentation for Crop Growth (Photosynthesis)

An agro climatic measurement system is currently under development for measuring photosynthesis rate in various crops. On passing air through a sealed chamber, the leaf present in the chamber consumes carbon dioxide gas in the presence of light coming from an LED source of a specific wavelength in the visible region. The amount of carbon dioxide consumed by the leaf, under controlled environment of the chamber, is measured to estimate the photosynthesis rate. The gas handling system, flow controls, leaf chamber, light source holding system, data interpreting system are under fabrication.
Intensity (arb.unit)
Quantification of Quality for Tea & Honey

Tea quality can be estimated by various physical and chemical and chemical, which include colour, moisture, texture, etc. Development of an electronic module to quantify the quality of made tea in terms of different grading parameters on the basis of its properties were taken up. Development of different modular systems forhumidity measurement, colour identification, size and shape are in progress.
Wave number (cm ) IR-Absorbance of Pure and Adulterated Honey Samples of honey from different sources were collected and experiments were carried out to evaluate the properties of pure as well as adulterated honey using FTIR, refractometer and pH meter.
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Aroma and Taste Measuring for Tea

Due to the presence of a large number of organic compounds in tea, it is difficult to get an absolute standard of made tea. Aroma and taste in made tea are important parameters and need to be standardized using electronic gadgets. Electronic noses/tongues comprises array of non-specific sensors along with a pattern recognition approach, which can be used to quantify flavour/odour and taste, etc. When the sensor arrays come in contact with the measurand, a change in voltage or frequency is observed. Each odour or taste leaves a characteristic pattern or fingerprint on the sensor array. Artificial neural network are used to train, distinguish and recognize the odours or the tastes of the processed tea. Simulation based on the sensory response for specific taste, such as, sourness, sweetness, saltiness and bitterness is under development to quantify the tea liquor quality.
Instrumentation for Quality of Stored Potatoes
Hygienic
and
Safe
Production
of
Controlled Atmosphere Storage House Processed/Semi-Processed Foods Instrumentation for Maintaining the A Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) System for the Quality of Stored Potatoes
Development of instrumentation with embedded intelligence for monitoring the potato quality during storage is under progress. The automatic control of cold house parameters helps in reducing the excessive dehydration, sprouting, decay and formation of high sugar concentration in potatoes during its storage. Initial studies were carried out for the measurement of potato quality parameters, namely, dry matter content, specific gravity, sugar concentration, etc. Fabrication of controlled environment storage chambers is at the advanced stage. Lab experiments were carried out to monitor and control the operation of chilling system, humidification, heating, gas concentration and associated control.
preservation of processed/semi-processed liquid foods is under development. This will help in retaining the quality, flavour, nutrition and enhancing the shelf life of the processed food. Preliminary designs of static and co-axial treatment chambers for PEF process were prepared. Study of the microorganisms responsible for the spoilage of liquid foods was also carried out.
Monitoring & Control System for Food Storage Houses & Optimization of Process Parameters
Biological products (Fruits & Vegetables) have living organism, respire, huge loss reported 20,000 to 40,000 Crore per annum. The system provides extended shelf life 40-60% than normal cold storage, improved food chain, fruits availability round the year, and sustained quality. Cooling under controlled atmosphere of storage is altered
to increase CO2 level (to reduce internal browning), reduce O2 (control respiration) and completely remove C2H4 (Responsible for ripening). Broad Features Fully Programmable CA Storage System, intelligent networking Control of parameters Temp, RH, CO2, O2 & Ethylene, Scrubbing system for C2H4 & CO2 LabVIEW based control and display system Storage Capacity: 250Kg Extendable up to 2500Kg Storage trials in association with CFTRI in progress Deliverables: Technology package for CA Storage like Apple, Pears etc Linkages: PAU, Ludhiana; Sudhir Industries; Markfed Panjab
Broad Specifications: Measuring Range: 0-199 Iodine Number Accuracy: 0.1 unit Resolution: 0.1 unit Display: LCD Salient Features/Uniqueness: Portable Direct display of iodine number Reproducible results Low cost of analysis Readymade test reagents Easy to operate Applications include Iodine number of oils, fats & unsaturated compounds.
Oil Spectrophotometer
Oils and fats obtain metallic contents from soil where plants are grown and from contact equipments during crushing, processing and storage. Many of the Metal ions promote autooxidation, which results in off-flavour accompanied by change in colour. Studies have shown that Cu is most harmful metal in edible oils followed by Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni. To measure these ions costly analytical instruments are being used. The oil spectrophotometer developed at CSIO is based on Lambert-Beers law using specific colour developing reagents for each element. The instrument consists of a light source, sample holder, detector and optical filters of wavelengths 430, 470, 510 and 695 nm. Specific test reagents have been developed for the estimation of each metal ion. Concentration is directly displayed on LCD. Broad Specifications : Measuring Range: 0.1 to 2.0 ppm for Cu, Fe & Ni and 0.05 to 0.7 ppm for P. Display: 3 digit LCD Light Source: Tungsten Lamp Salient Features/Uniqueness: Low cost and portable instrument Direct display of concentration Stable and dedicated reagents Long shelf life of reagents No standards required for calibration Reproducible results Easy to operate
Iodine Value Meter

Iodine Number represents number of centigrams of iodine absorbed by one gram of oil or fat. The instrument is based on measurement of change in potential across the sensing and reference electrodes when immersed in a mixture of test reagent and oil. The LCD display is a direct measure of Iodine Number. It consists of two sub-systems: Sensing System: It consists of two-electrode assembly one reference calomel electrode and other platinum working electrode fitted in holder. Sensing surface of each electrode must be dipped in the test solution of ICl of known strength and with known amount of edible oil.
Iodine Value Meter Measuring and Display System: This sub-system measures the resultant potential difference across the two electrodes and relates it to iodine number, which is directly displayed on LCD.
Applications: Metallic ions in edible oils, water samples and high purity materials.
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Gossypol Measuring System

Gossypol is a toxic phenolic compound present in the cottonseed, which makes the cottonseed oil and de-oiled cake unfit for human and animal consumption. Due to toxic effects of gossypol it is undesirable in cottonseed oil and de-oiled cottonseed cake.
E-Nose Facility
Electronic olfaction, sometimes called electronic nose technology, is designed to specifically measure an entire aroma or odour in way similar to humans. Electronic olfaction technology can distinguish differences between samples, predict acceptability or a customers response and add confidence to supplier/manufacturer relationship. This system virtually reacts in someway to most odours and aromas. This system uses artificial intelligence and statistical techniques for the odour fingerprint recognition.
Gossypol Measuring System The system is based on Lambert-Beers law, which employs a light source; sample holding system, detector, and current to voltage converter, log amplifier, 3 digit display. A Red LED of 635nm wavelength has been used as light source. The test solution, after its colour development, has absorption maxima at 635 nm. The absorbance value is directly proportional to the concentration of gossypol, which is displayed on LCD. Broad Specifications: Measuring range Accuracy Display Light Source : 5-75 ppm : 0.5 ppm : 3 Digit LCD : LED of 635 nm
Electronic Nose The Alpha MOS electronic nose consists of 12 solid state sensors, robotic system to carry aroma vapours, resistivity measuring system, data analysis in PCA, interpretation and finger print presentation of the results.
High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC)

HPLC/GPC (Waters make) is a system which separates low and high molecular weight compounds from liquids. HPLC utilizes a liquid mobile phase to separate the components in a
Salient features/ Uniqueness: Portable Direct display of gossypol concentration Reproducible results Easy to operate Applications include edible oil industries and Pharmaceutical Industries.
Oil Spectrophotometer
High Performance Liquid Chromatograph

mixture. These components first get dissolved in a
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solvent and then forced to flow through a chromatographic column under high pressure. In this column the mixture is resolved into its components. The interaction of the solute with mobile and stationary phases can be manipulated through different choices of both solvent and stationary phase. This instrument comprises high pressure pumping system, different type of columns for separation, with detectors Refractive Index, Fluorescence, Absorbance, and Photo Diode Array. The separation capability is up to nano levels.
is 200 900 nm based on the principle of Lambert Beers Law. Applications include analysis of various constituents in edible oils, food, metals, minerals, water, grains and dyes etc.
Desktop Probe station with Femto range IV-CV Measurement Systems

It is an analytical test station for probing applications such as measurement of IVCV characteristics of DNA, CNTs and molecular motors. This probe station is ideal for applications that require dark and electrically 'quiet' environments such as low current measurements, CV measurements, MOS and CCD elements.
UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
Gas Chromatograph
Gas chromatography is a process by which a mixture of gases or volatile liquids is separated in to its constituents by mobile gas phase passing over a stationary sorbent. Helium, nitrogen, hydrogen or argon is used as carrier gas. A mixture of gases or volatile liquids with carrier gas passes through a capillary column heated at certain temperature. The gaseous mixture is separated with in to constituents as different gases and organic volatile liquids have different retention time in the capillary column. The retention time is the parameter to identify different constituents. The detectors detect and quantitatively determine the concentration of gases/volatile liquids on the basis of peak area or peak height. Gas chromatograph can determine gases or organic volatile mixtures as low as parts per million (ppm).
Isothermal Titration Calorimeter
Isothermal Titration Calorimeter

Isothermal Titration Calorimeter measures the kinetic parameters of enzyme catalyzed reactions and operates in a wide temperature range (-2o to 80C). It consists of two cells (sample and reference) maintained at constant temperature through a thermal power supply to the sample cell. This thermal power reflects the heat flow, i.e., the dissipation of heat (dQ) as a function of time (dt). The heat flow measurements can be recorded in nano to micro Joule.
UVVisible Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometry is a part of photometry, which deals with the measure of light as function of wavelength. The instrument is used for quantitative determination of the constituents, which have their own colour or produce colour spices with the reaction to another reagent in the visible range i.e. 400 to 750 nm. Similarly the compounds organic/inorganic, which do not produce, colour but absorb the light in the range 200-380 nm can be quantitatively estimated with the UV-visible spectrophotometer. Working range of the systems
Gas Chromatograph Applications are for edible oils, organic pollutants, beverages, flavouring compounds, Proteins and pesticides, sprays, adulterants, environmental gases etc.
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

Atomic absorption spectroscopy is based on the principle of absorption of radiations by ground state atoms in the flame characteristics of each element and the extent of absorption is proportional to the concentration of metal ions.
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The concentration as low as parts per million (ppm) can be determined by the instrument. The results are displayed in absorbance as well as concentration mode. The mercury hydride attachment provided with the AAS is used for determination of hydride forming elements such as As, Bi, Sb, Sn, Se, Hg and Te. These elements can be determined with this instrument at the concentration range as low as ppb level.
Differential Thermal Analyzer
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

It is a method whereby the energy necessary to establish a zero temperature difference between a substance and a reference material is recorded as a function of temperature or time. Applications include determination of purity and thermal stability of primary and secondary standards, application to analytical problem, and determination of composition of complex mixtures.
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Applications include analysis of water, soil, purity of chemicals, oils and fats, metals and alloys etc.
Fluorescence Spectrophotometer
Fluorescence is the phenomenon of absorption of radiant energy and re-emission of some of this energy in the form of visible light. The light emitted is of higher wavelength than that absorbed by the material. Fluorescence spectrophotometer is used to measure the concentration of materials which are fluorescent. Fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of the material and follows Lambert-Beers law.
Differential Thermal Analyzer/ Thermogravimetric Analyzer/ Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DTA/TGA/DSC)

These are the techniques in which changes in physical and/or chemical properties of a substance are measured as a function of temperature. The basic requirement for thermo-gravimetric is a precision balance with a furnace programmable for a linear rise in temperature with time.
Thermogravimetry (TG)
It is a technique in which a change in weight of a substance is recorded as a function of temperature or time.
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

It is a method for recording the difference in temperature between a substance and an inert reference material as a function of temperature or time.
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Other Facilities: CHEMICAL/MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION Facility Inductive Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-AES) Microprocessor based Carbon & Sulphur Analyser Gas Chromatograph Brief Applications Elemental Analysis of Metals To find out carbon & sulphur in cast-iron & steels
Analysis of volatile compounds (liquids & gases) into their constituents by chromatographic technique To study the behaviour of material with respect to temperature
Differential Thermal Analyser/Thermogravimetric Analyser
Other Facilities: MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION : SPECTROSCOPIC Facility UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Brief Applications Analysis of materials based on colour development in visible region and for colourless solutions in UV range Electroluminescence behaviour of materials within the range of 200-900 nm Flame absorption & emission spectrophotometric mode technique for metal ion analysis
Fluorescence Spectrophotometer Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
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Photonics
Strategic and Defence Instrumentation
Strategic and defence instrumentation has been an important R&D activity of the lab and significant achievements have been made recently. These involve work in optics, photonics, mechanical and electronic modules. The progress made in the Head Up Display for LCA has met the R&D challenges which include, avoiding sun glare during mid-day operations, performance up-gradation through software modification, raster implementation for night flying, improving the transmissivity of beam combiners and motorized iris camera. This success provided new impetus towards indigenous technology development of Head up Displays for fighter aircrafts for Indian Air Force. More than 890 successful flights of the LCA made by TD1, TD2, PV1, PV2, PV3 and LSP1 aircrafts have further proved ruggedness in the technology. The engineering perfection through SOF/LQT Unit of HUD for HJT-36 aircraft will further lead to development of low cost versions of HUD for civilian aircrafts. In the area of Photonics, work was carried out on fibre-optic sensors, specialized sensors like Extrinsic Fabry Perot Interferometric (EFPI) sensor, application specific fibre-optic systems and holography. Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) and Long Period Grating (LPG) writing system was established for providing varied characteristics features in the design of FBGs & LPGs. Application of the sensor in varied areas were studied. Work on photonics based instruments for detonics was taken up jointly with TBRL for measurement of projectile velocities and film based shadowgraphs. throughout the brightness level of outside world. The unit met the environmental standards of 810D, power supply MIL standards 704D and EMI/EMC requirements as per MIL standard 461C. The user friendly Up Front Control Panel (UFCP) and MultiFunction Up front Control Panel (MFUCP) provides continuous interaction with Display Processor (DP) regarding health of the system through RS 422 communication link.
LCA HUD Raster Version Out of total requirement of 11 HUD units by ADA, Bangalore, 8 Units are with cursive features while 3 Units are with raster features. The Airworthy HUD Unit-014 delivered to ADA, Bangalore for flight operation of LCA is a pure cursive version with MFUCP and Standard of Preparation (SOP) of HUD Unit-003.
Head Up Display for LCA

In the LCA cockpit, HUD occupies the prime location to provide the pilot with essential flight information, navigational and target/ weapon release clues etc, superimposed on the view of the outside world. There is no forced air cooling or internal fan to remove the heat generated in the system, thereby reducing cockpit noise to increase pilots comfort level. The mechanical housing has been used as a heat sink to dissipate the heat generated by the system by natural convection and radiation. CSIO-HUD provides the 25 TFOV as compared to 24 TFOV of Sextant HUD. The symbol brightness of more than 2800 fl maintains contrast of 1.2 to 1.3
Sun Glare Image without Filter
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HUD Unit-015 with pure cursive and mixed mode (cursive in raster fly-back) was delivered to ADA, Bangalore. The unit with MF-UFCP has met the requisite qualification of extended ESS i.e. power supply test (MIL STD 704D), EMI/EMC CE03 (MIL STD 461C), Pre-ESS Performance Evaluation,
and CRI, Bangalore. The project is funded by ADA, Bangalore.
Cursive HUD Units

Another project for design, development and supply of seven additional Cursive HUD units to ADA, Bangalore was taken up. These units will be implemented with the RFAs issues and delivered along with their solutions.
Reduced Sun Glare Image with Filter
LCA HUD Cursive Version
Cursive Image of LCA HUD Raster Image of the LCA HUD Pre-thermal random Vibration (15 minutes on each axis), thermal cycling (7 Cycles), post thermal random vibration (5 minutes on each axis) and 4 hours burn test. The unit was made ready for integration with aircraft for flight trials at ADA, Bangalore during night hours with Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) Camera. It was implemented with the technical solutions of five major Requests for Action (RFAs) by NFTC pilots like Sun glare, improved transmissivity of Beam Combiners (BC), BC frame obstruction, distortion of symbols in overlapping region and automatic control of the brightness by using auto-iris camera. Participating/ collaborating agencies include RCMA, Chandigarh, BEL, Panchkula, BEL, Machlipattnam HUD Units-018 and 019 were delivered to ADA, Bangalore. The HUD Unit-018 has successfully test flown with aircraft with PV3. The HUD Unit-019 was submitted for flight trials after implementing all necessary RFAs. HUD Units-020 & 021 was made ready after the Environment Stress Screening (ESS) Tests and will be delivered to ADA, Bangalore. RCMA Chandigarh, BEL Panchkula, BEL, Machlipattnam and CRI Bangalore are the participating and collaborating agencies.
Head-up Display for HJT-36 Aircraft

The HUD for HJT-36 is the modified version of technology as compared to LCA HUD incorporating the new opto-mechanical lay out with tilted CRT plane from vertical, reduced overall weight, volume and size as per the specific requirement. The
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requirements of Nose Clearance Line (NCL) and Ejection Clearance Line (ECL) are quite stringent which put up the new challenge in design and development of HUD adding critical tolerances. The new feature of Electronic Stand by Sight (SBS) with provision of Raster has made the technological development meeting yet another challenge in the development of the new variant of Head up Display.
The LQT Unit also cleared RE02 tests for the measurement of radiated emissions in the frequency range of 14 KHz to 10 GHz using three different antennas at DEAL, Dehradun. The emissions were found to be wall within the specified range limit. The power supply test (MILSTD-704D) was subjected on SOF/LQT unit and was
Head-Up Display for HJT-36 Aircraft (Safety of Right Unit)
Front Focusing of SOF Unit also completed successfully. Various documents, such as, QTP, ATP, ESS, Technical specifications, Software versions definition and Standard of Preparation etc were prepared for qualification of airworthy units. RCMA, Chandigarh, BEL, Panchkula, BEL, Machlipattnam, CRI, Ghaziabad are participating/ collaborating agencies in the project.
HJT-36 Aircraft
Folding Mirror of SOF Unit
Lens Assembly for HUDWAC System

The lens assembly for Head Up Display for Weapon Aiming Computer (HUDWAC) under development is a retrofitable system for application in the existing electronic block of Jaguar aircraft. The optical system was designed and developed having a provision of Optical Stand by Sight (SBS) for safe manoeuvring and landing of aircraft during mission computer failure. The system is optically corrected for narrow wavelength of CRT and also for avionics red colour for SBS. The fabrication of optical beam splitter is critical to meet the stringent requirement of the lens assembly.
Exit Lens of SOF Unit After successful integration of the Engineering Unit with Mission Computer at ARDC, HAL Bangalore, the Electronic and Optical block of Safety of Flight (SOF)/LQT Unit H-002 was assembled and successfully tested with Mission Computer at ARDC, HAL, Bangalore. The unit cleared the EMI and EMC tests at TBRL, Chandigarh for CS01, CS02 and CS06.
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The optical system for HUDWAC was assembled along with Beam Splitter and the target illumination lens in a single barrel. The effective focal length and back focal length of the optical system has met the required tolerance limits. The fibre illuminated graticule was assembled along with fibre bundle. The beam combiner assembly of Jaguar HUD was carried out on the optical module and the total system was tested. RCMA, Chandigarh, BEL, Panchkula, BEL, Machlipattnam and CRI, Bangalore are participating/ collaborating agencies and the project is funded by HAL, Korwa
These sensors would be fitted in Tejas aircraft to continuously monitor the temperature in the vicinity of the engine and to send warning signal through the electronic control unit. This enables the pilot to take timely evasive action to avoid loss to human life as well as the aircraft. The sensor is based on the Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) principle and comprises 2.8 mm SS 316 tubular sheathing with continuous thermocouple sensing wires equally spaced with the insulating ceramic mixture filling for stability. Under ambient temperature it offers several Kilo Ohms resistance which drops to a few Ohms at the fire temperature which triggers the alarm.
Hot Air Leak Detection System for LCA

Hot air leak detector was developed for LCA for early warning purposes. The sensor wire consisted of solid nickel conductor insulated with porous ceramic and eutectic salt mixture encased in a stainless steel tubing (2.8 mm dia) and hermetically sealed at both ends. The sensing wire has a high impedance at ambient temperature which shows abrupt reduction in the impedance at higher temperature (3005C) occurring between the centre conductor and the outer sheath conductor. Each aircraft has seven sensors spread over a length of 2 metres each. The control unit, driven by the aircraft power, impresses a small a.c. voltage on the sensing element. Under the fire or overheat condition the sensor element exhibits an impedance drop which enables a current flow between the outer shell and central conductor. This current flow is detected by the control unit, which produces an output signal to actuate the alarm through an inbuilt relay. As the fire or overheat condition subsides, the system automatically returns to the standby mode making it ready for subsequent detection. Two different tests namely, fault test and built-in test were carried out on this unit. The design has been tested using commercial grade components under Phase-I while qualification testing with MIL grade components is planned for the Phase-II. Electronic Control Box was tested at GTRE, Bangalore. Fire safety sensor design, materials/sensors were cleared by Expert team of ADA, HAL, CRI, Bangalore & RCMA, Chandigarh.
Fire Safety Sensors for Tejas
A set of five sensors cleared high and low temperature, low temperature storage, humidity, and altitude tests. Another set of five sensors also cleared 270 cycles of Endurance & 50 cycles of Flame tests. These qualification tests were conducted at TBRL, Chandigarh; IRDE, Dehradun and CSIO, Chandigarh under the supervision of RCMA.
Fibre Optic Beam Delivery System for High Power Lasers
Input Coupling (Launch) Optics
Fire Safety Sensors for Tejas

The work supported by ADA, Bangalore for fire safety sensor was carried out and 14 sensors were developed and put under qualification and endurance tests.
Conventional laser beam delivery systems based on bulk optical elements and manoeuvring arms are rather cumbersome and require extremely accurate terms of divergence, wavelength and pulse duration were optimized to develop the systems. The input launch optics, opto-mechanical housing and output coupling optics were designed & fabricated.
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Output Coupling (Target) Optics
Optical fibres based laser beam delivery system offers high performance, reliability and enhanced safety for detonics. The qualities of the laser beam in
Experimental Set-up Bourdon Gage based FBG Liquid Level Sensor The rise of water level in the syringe stretches the spring and also the FBG leading to a linear shift in Bragg wavelength.
FBG/LPG based Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring

A facility for direct writing of FBGs and LPGs based on phase mask (contact print), holographic (interferometric) and point-by-point techniques were set-up. This facility is in use for development of sensors, packaging and characterization. The work was supported by NPSM to fabricate sensors for diverse applications. Sub-micron periodic
Launch Optics Assembly
The developed systems were compatible with Nd: YAG laser with typical features like 500 mJ energy, 30-150 nsec pulse width and 10 mm beam diameter. The work has been taken up jointly with Terminal Ballistic Research Laboratory (TBRL), Chandigarh.
Fibre Bragg Grating Based Liquid Level Gage

An experimental setup for liquid level gage comprising of a syringe, spring and bourdon gage attachment with an FBG was realized in the laboratory.
Fast Tool Servo for Generating Freeform Profiles grating pattern was written on the fibre-core by exposing a step index germanositicate core of a single mode fibre to intense UV light from a KrF excimer laser at 248 nm.
Laser based Projectile Velocity Measurement System (PVMS)

The work involves innovative design of electro-optic computer controlled projectile's velocity measuring system based on the measurement of Time of Flight (ToF) between two laser screens. The components involved are: laser beam expander-collimator, slit and retro-reflecting prism mechanism, high speed photo detection and associated electronic measurement system, etc. The work is jointly
Schematic of FBG liquid level gage
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carried out between CSIO & TBRL, Chandigarh under the MoU for collaborative R&D.
Multiple Lasers based Shadowgraphy System (MLSS)

The work on multiple laser based shadowgraphy system was taken up for interfacing with digital cameras for small arm impact & wound ballistic studies as part of the MoU between CSIO & TBRL.
Augmentation Facility
of
National
Aspheric
3D Optical Profiler (Coherence Correlation Interferometer) 0.4-0.6 m optical resolution Vertical Resolution =0.01 nm 0.003 nm rms repeatability
Under the Modernization Programme, CSIO established in the year 2001 a National Aspheric Facility, to facilitate R&D activities. Since then, a number of aspheric and diamond turning based projects are underway at this centre. Last year, the capabilities of fabrication & characterization equipment were enhanced. Additionally, a Coherence Correlation Interferometer was added to the metrology, apart from updating the fabrication and characterization facilities.
Upgradation of Nanoform 250 SPDT Machine

The following attachments were added to the existing Nanoform 250 SPDT Machine. 400 mm Flycutter (An attachment for SPDT of flat surfaces) Dynamic Balancer Manual 3 Jaw Chuck
Freeform surfaces
Non-Rotationally Symmetric (Freeform) optics are increasingly used for both civil and strategic applications. Head Up Displays, ophthalmic optics and adaptive optics are typical applications of freeform optics which give the flexibility to control aberrations at localized as well as at multiple positions. Fly Cutter attachment A fast tool servo (FTS) attachment to the single point diamond turning machine enables it for fabricating non-rotationally symmetric surfaces (free form surfaces) including the diamond turning of toric and off-axis aspheres for various applications in imaging optics.
Upgradation of Form Talysurf Mechanical Profilometer

The capabilities of the Form Talysurf Mechanical Profiler were enhanced by adding the following design and analysis tools. Diffsys software to design and analyse diffractive optics Ultra Contour Analysis Software Motorized Y-stage Aspherics analysis Utility software
FBG and LPG Writing System

Fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) and long period grating (LPGs) are the recent intrinsic fibre elements important for sensors and communication applications. FBG sensors work in wavelength domain and possess a built-in selfreferencing capability. This is widely acknowledged as one of the most important advantages of FBG sensors. A system for writing FBGs and LPGs was established which enables grating fabrication by phase mask (static and scanning modes), interferometric and point-by-point techniques.
3D Optical Profiler (Non-contact) for Roughness and step height measurement

The Talysurf CCI is based around the Coherence Correlation Interferometry which provides both long scan ranges and a single mode of operation. The result is a non-contact 3D surface texture, step height and micro dimensional measurement system with following capabilities:
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various applications & projects Such as TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, HfO2Ta2O5 all types of oxides. At CSIO, the plant has following features: Evaporation Source: EB Gun, 10 KW with 4 pockets. Maximum sample size: 610 mm dia Ultimate Vacuum < 1x 10-7 mb Accessories: Turbo molecular pump TPH 2200, Backing pump DUO 035 D, Pumping Station Control Unit TCS 130 Uniqueness: It is semiautomatic coating plant with latest model from Pfeiffer, one of its kinds in India. It can be used for the fabrication of State Of Art thin film components e.g. Beam combiners for Head Up Display, High Power Laser Systems etc. UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometers applications include reflectivity measurements: absolute and relative; Absorption measurements, Qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances, Kinetic enzyme studies, Spectral transmission profile of optical filters. Features: Double-beam, double monochromator, ratio recording, UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer with microcomputer electronics, video display, soft key operating system and printer / plotter. All reflecting optical system with holographic grating monochromators in the UV/ VIS (1440 lines/mm) and the NIR range (360 lines/mm). Prealigned tungsten halogen and deuterium sources. Side window photomultiplier and lead sulphide detectors. Wavelength range: NIR 900 3200 nm UV / VIS 185 900 nm,
FBG and LPG Writing System This grating writing system is a versatile and flexible tool to write several types of gratings. By using a variety of phase masks, chirped, unchirped, holographic writing, manipulating the fibre to mask distance, scan an amplitude mask, control the divergence of a small beam scanned along the fibre, basically special recipes for making all sort of gratings can be created. This system also includes other accessories like thermo-mechanical stripper, recoating unit and an epoxy packaging unit for the gratings. Using this facility fibre grating of different types were fabricated, recoated, annealed and characterized.
Thin Film Facilities

Expertise available: Optical thin film design and development Vacuum Technology Design and development of Optoelectronic Instruments Design of specialized and sophisticated optical coatings and characterization High Vacuum Coating Plant High vacuum coating plant is used for multilayer optical coatings of high melting point materials for
UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer
High Vacuum Coating Plant
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Spectroradiometer
Automated Spectroradiometer at CSIO has for measuring spectral transmission and reflection of glass plates with thin film coatings as function of angle of incidence to an accuracy of better than 0.5%. Other features include: A monochromator with quartz halogen lamp of 150 W and UV VIS NIR collimator with high quality Glan Taylor polarising prism. Automatic setting of the stage before each scan. Control of Monochromator, collection of spectral data for various angle of incidence and display of results. Storage of each set of measured spectral data unique to the sample position and angle of incidence leading to formation of 3D plots with Raster Scan facility.
Spectroradiometer Wavelength range: 300 1100 nm. Beam size: variable between 2 nm to 10 nm in height and 25 micron to 5mm in width. Sample Holder: Fully automated to provide measurable movements in X, Y and theta directions. Range of travel in X & Y directions is 250 mm and 100mm respectively with resolution of 5 micron. Stage: To accommodate two beam combiners of maximum size upto 300 mm x 300mm x 12mm thick with spacing of 69mm having provision for varying the spacing between 64 to 74 mm.
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State-of-art OPTICAL facilities at CSIO Technical Facility Optical Design Tools/ Software Mechanical Design Tools / Software National Aspheric Facility Aspheric Surface Generator Form Talysurf Profilometer Microfinish 300 Zygo Interferometer High Vacuum Coating Plant UV-Vis-IR Spectrophoto-meter Spectroradio-meter Brief Applications Optical systems & components designing Mechanical designing systems & components
Fabrication & metrology of aspherical components Fabrication of aspheric optical components Measurement of concave and convex rotationally invariant optical surfaces Polishing of aspherical optical surfaces Optical metrology Thin film coating components on optical/metallic
Measurement of transmission & reflection of optical components Transmission & reflection measurement of large optical surfaces components in three dimensions Fabrication of high precision mechanical components A Measurement of critical dimensions of Mechanical Components Assembly, testing & cementing of optical components Assembly of optical system Polishing of optical flats & lenses Optical metrology Edging of the Lenses To make holograms & gratings
CNC Lathe Machine 3-D Coordinate Measuring Machine Universal Test Station Laser Centering Device Polishing Machines Kugler Fizeau Interferometer Centering/Edging Machine 3-D Holography
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Biomedical Engineering
Significant progress was made in the field of Medical Instrumentation. Two units of 6 MeV Linear Accelerator (Linac) machines were developed and commissioned. The first unit was inaugurated on April 12, 2007 by Honble Vice President of India at Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha. Honble President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam also visited this facility on June 15, 2007. Till date more than 8000 patient exposures have been completed with more than 87% uptime. The second unit was commissioned at Cancer Institute, Adyar, Chennai, which was inaugurated by the Chief Minister Tamilnadu and is also being used for patient treatment. An upgraded model of Pulse Oximeter was developed and trials were successfully carried out at PGIMER, Chandigarh. The developed instrument is PC compatible and provides oxygen saturation level of blood besides the pulse rate. As a part of Supra-Institutional Programme, new R&D work was initiated on Anesthesia Workstation, Computerized Cephalogram Analysis, Above Elbow Prosthesis, Electronic Knee and Miniaturized Text Reading Machine for Blinds. Development of biosensors for pathogens and bacteria detection, carbon nanotubes and quantum dots was taken-up. Besides R&D, both on-sight and in-house test/calibration services for medical instruments were provided to the valued customers through ISO 9001-2000 certified national calibration facility established at Delhi Centre. A wide range of medical equipments were calibrated to manufacturers specifications using equipment having international traceability. Hon'ble President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam visiting 6MeV Medical Linac at MGIMS, Wardha on June 15, 2007
6 MeV Medical Linac at MGIMS, Wardha
6 MeV Medical Linac

6 MeV Medical Linac machines, developed for cancer therapy, comprise various modules, such as, computerized beam control system, computer controlled LINAC handling & collimation system, computer controlled Patient Support System, Field optics & Range optics, etc. The machine was successfully installed at MGIMS, Sevagram, Wardha and Cancer Institute, Chennai. Acceptance test trials of the machine were conducted by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) and granted a Type Approval and certificate for its clinical use.
6 MeV Medical Unac at Cancer Institute, Chennai
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Electronic Portal Imaging Device for Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy for cancer treatment requires a precise geometric positioning of the radiation dose to the tumour area so that the surrounding healthy tissues are not exposed. Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) provides patient position and immobilization verification, estimation of various errors like dose specification and machine parameter errors, field positioning errors, patient and organ motion detection, etc.
with the data storage back-up of 24 hours. It is equipped with alarms facilities for high and low limits of SpO2 & pulse rate, probe check, probe slippage from finger & low battery indications. Successful clinical trials were carried out at Department of Anaesthesia, PGIMER, Chandigarh. The work was carried out jointly with Semiconductor Laboratory, Mohali.
Anaesthesia Delivery Workstation

Anesthesia workstation is essential to predict and control anaesthetic dose to the patient throughout the surgery. The work involves development and testing of anaesthesia ventilator in a hospital to monitor the depth of anaesthesia based on EEG analysis. The transfer characteristics between dose and anaesthesia index helps to estimate the dose. The experimentation will be performed on subhuman primates subsequently followed by humans.
Graphic User Interface for EPID A prototype for camera model was fabricated and tested at Delhi State Cancer Hospital. Precision motion assembly was designed.
Technology Up-gradation of Pulse Oximeter
Anesthesia Ventilator The design of Anaesthesia ventilator was completed around SMDs. Algorithms were also developed in MATLAB to estimate various parameters from recorded EEG. Linkages have been established with AIIMS, New Delhi and IIT Delhi while ethical clearance from AIIMS for data collection is under process.
Computerised Cephalogram Analysis for Orthodontics

The work on computerized system for analysis of acquired digital cephalograms with a standard DICOM interface was initiated. Software modules for manual as well as automatic detection of landmarks were developed. Initial validation was carried out with the help of doctors on several patients at Centre for Dental Education and Research (CDER), PGIMER, Chandigarh. An acceptable accuracy of 2 mm was achieved. Further clinical trials will be carried out at AIIMS, Delhi.
Portable Pulse Oximeter The portable version of Pulse oximeter was developed for use in ICUs, neonatal units, operation theatres, post recovery wards etc. The unit measures percentage of haemoglobin saturated with oxygen non-invasively and is PC compatible,
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Software Tool for Cephalogram Analysis Developed Electro-goniometer for Knee Angle Measurement
Myoelectric Arm for Above Elbow Prosthesis

After the successful development and clinical trials of below-elbow myoelectric arm during the Xth Five Year Plan, the work on above-elbow prosthetic was taken up to ensure availability of complete upper limb prosthesiss for amputees. The mechanical design and fabrication of above elbow unit was carried out. The design aspects of various electronic modules were taken up. Linkages were established with NIOH Kolkata, Saket Hospital Panchkula, and Deep Prosthetics Chandigarh.
Knee Angle Curve for normal walking of healthy individual
Hand Held Scanner based Text Reading Machine for Visually Impaired
A hand-held reading device was developed for visually impaired persons. The unit comprises pair of imaging module with computer interface to operate on CDAC developed OCR & TTS modules. Some of the features include : flexible number of steps for comfortable reading, software providing seam-less merger of consecutive images, keypad for control functions, column handling, power saving, etc.
Above-elbow Myoelectric
Development of Electronic Knee

Artificial knees to amputees require mimicking of natural gait pattern to realize the dynamic feedback and real-time control. The methodology is based on controlled knee flexion to improve gait pattern and quantification of knee performance index through gait analysis. Design and fabrication of an electro-goniometer was carried out and tested for knee flexion angle of normal individuals for different walk patterns. Estimation of ground Reaction Force using PolyVinyldene Fluoride (PVDF) film is in progress. The domain knowledge and patient trials are done with agencies like NIOH, Kolkata and Saket Hospital, Panchkula.
Hand Held Text Reading Device for Blind
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The work has been carried out jointly with Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC), NOIDA.
Dual Format Aspheric-based Zoom TeleMicroscope for Low Vision Persons

Work on development of a 3-component zoom Tele-microscope that can provide a magnification in the range of 2X to 6X with good definition of image quality was taken up. The tele-microscope offers a continuously varying magnification and changing field of view to the Low Vision Persons (LVPs) by a simple focusing operation on the Low Vision Aid (LVA). The mechanical design accounts for both focus and the zoom movement. The hand-held and spectacle mountable dual format will facilitate better usability to the LVPs.
Portable Reading Machine for Blind

The existing text reading device for blind is being miniaturized for portability using aspheric lens design along with biscuit size PC. The prototype unit was fabricated for testing.
Aspheric Low Vision Reading Aids using Poly Carbonate

Portable Reading Device Aspheric-based Low Vision Reading Aids (LVRAs) of unusual powers viz. 12D & 26D using Poly Carbonate (PC) are under development. Poly Carbonate, being a high refractive index optical grade material, has good moulding properties which facilitates in better aberration correction and can be used for fabrication of shallow lenses with lower central thickness. The optical design of LVRAs was completed and fabrication & characterization is in progress.
Plastic Aspheric Lens based Low Vision Aid Development Program

Under funding from Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment (MSJE), work was carried out towards the development of Low Vision Aids (LVAs) for visually challenged. Three different types of LVAs was completed. Spectacle mounted LVAs for near vision applications deploying 16D & 20D plastic aspheric lenses (PALs) and Tele-microscopes based on Galilean configuration with 2X and 4X magnifications were developed for medium distance use. In addition, self-illuminated hand-held compact reading aids were also developed.
Immunofluorescence based Biosensor for Detection of Infectious Pathogens

A biosensor-based instrument was developed for the detection and semi-quantification of generic pathogens in clinical, food, water and other environmental samples. The developed prototype instrument is based on fluorescence detection in combination with the highly specific antigenantibody recognition that is commonly employed in immunoassay techniques. The typical features of the instrument include: enhanced sensitivity through optical measurement, compact and portable, cost-effective and easy to use, etc. Participating/collaborating agencies are Centre for Biotechnology and AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai.
Instrument for Parasite Detection using Fluorescence and Image Processing

16D & 20D PAL based Spectacle mounted Low Vision Aids The LVAs were tested on low vision persons at different eye-care centres. Additionally, these LVAs were distributed to the needy low vision persons at several camps organized by MSJE. Work on development of an indigenous instrument for parasite detection was initiated. It uses fluorescence image capturing and digital signal processing to identify the species of malaria parasite. With the advent of fluorescence based techniques in microscopic detection and image processing, it is envisaged to combine the twin advantages and develop a cost-effective instrument for local conditions and for surveillance.
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Participating/collaborating agencies are Centre for Biotechnology and AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai.
Development of Instrument for Antibiogram

The work involves development of a technique to assess the susceptibility/resistance of bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli to antibiotics and build a sensor-based instrument for high throughput analysis. The instrument is based on fluorescence detection in combination with the highly specific enzymatic reaction of viable bacteria over a non-fluorescent probe thereby converting it into a fluorescent product. Participating/collaborating agencies are Centre for Biotechnology and AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai.
Atomic Force Microscope Images of Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes
Study of Molecular Motors for Nanorobotics

A study was carried out on molecular motor-based nano-robotics using quantum dots (QDs). The techniques were developed for directional cargo transport through actin-myosin molecular motors in-vitro through microchannels. In this study, Streptavidin coated CdSe-ZnS quantum dots were used to label actin and myosin molecules. Biotinylated F-actin filaments and myosin molecules were attached to Streptavidin coated quantum dots by non-covalent Streptavidin biotin linkages. Motility of QDs labelled actin filaments was studied along with in-vitro motility assay of QDs labelled actin filament on immobilized myosin.
Carbon Nanotubes for Attachment of Glucose Oxidase and Targeted Drug Delivery
A Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) based glucose sensor is under development for Glucose Oxidase (GODx) and targeted drug delivery. Functionalisation of different molecules on CNTs was carried out and was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Attachment of GODx on CNTs, different composites of CNTs & polyaniline (PANI) were also done. Their attachment has been confirmed by FTIR & cyclic voltammetry techniques.
Transport of Cargo (Polystyrene Beads) with Actin Myocin Molecular Motors
Automated Liquid Media Dispensing System

An automated bio-chemical dispensing system was developed for handling mili- and micro-litre fluids for various R&D and industrial applications in the area of life sciences, food and pharmaceuticals, etc.
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underlying physical laws change from macroscopic to nanoscopic. The exploitation of quantum effects for technological applications is the most obvious driving force behind the current miniaturization.
Automated Liquid Media Dispensing The system comprises x-y-z motion control, syringe fluid control mechanism, z-control for positioning, micro-probes over reagents source or reaction vessel plate, x-y positioner for well-plate tray for keeping solutions and micro controller based electronic control system. The unit was tested at IMTECH, Chandigarh.
Confocal Microscope Our focus is on development of sensitive, selective, fast and economic bionanosensors suitable for early disease diagnosis for predictive and preventive healthcare measures and pathogen detection in agri-products during cultivation, processing and storing. Thus, development of Molecular/Nano devises based on DNA, Bio-MEMS, Molecular Motors, Quantum Dots and Carbon Nanotube is of immense scientific, technological, economical & societal importance. DNA Electronics Sensors and Actuators, Diagnosis, Understanding Life Processes at Molecular Level MEMS Micro-Analytical Kits for Clinical, Environmental, Defence, Security, Food Industry Applications Molecular Motor Molecular Switches, NanoRobotics and predictive diagnosis & Preventive Threuptics Carbon Nanotube Nanosensors and BioNanoPhptonics Selective &sensitive sensors for Health care and Agriculture A major CSIO Golden Jubilee project is being initiated in the area of BioNano Photonics with judicious combination of expertise available at CSIO in the area of Biomolecular Electronics & Nanotechnology, Photonics ,Holography .Image Processing , Thin Film ,materials science and out sourcing of micro-fluidics. Efforts will be made for in-vitro and in-vivo techniques with emphasis on non invasive methods. Initial goal will be for disease diagnosis and clinical analysis in health care and agriculture but these can be extended to other applications. These devices will find applications in electronics, space, defence, bio-warfare, security, life sciences, medicine, environment etc.
FESEM - Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy
Biomolecular Electronics, Nanotechnology and BioNanoPhotonics

The convergence of nanotechnology with information technology, modern biology, optics and social sciences will reinvigorate discoveries and innovation in almost all sectors of the economy. Both science and the economy in the 21st century will require technological breakthroughs in the control of nanometer scale structure and functions, where the top-down approach of electronics manufacture converges with the bottom-up assembly of biology. At this moment, the scientific questions are being formulated, the required tools are being developed, and the possible applications of nanotechnologies could be revolutionary. The strong trend towards nanoscience and nanotechnology is motivated by the fact that the
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Facilities:
Nano and Molecular Manipulation Interfacing biomolecules Scanning Probe Microscope based NanoManipulator Optical Tweezers-cum-Micro-dissector Molecular Devices and MEMS Simulation
Femto range (10-15) IVCV Measurements Semiconductor Processing Nanocalorimeter Confocal with co-relation spectroscopy Surface Plasmon Resonance FESEM Desktop probe station NSOM (Being added) Raman Spectrometer(Being added)
Optical Tweezers-cum-Micro-dissection System
Scanning Probe Microscope with Nanomanipulator
Other Facilities: MOLECULAR Technical Facility Optical tweezer Thermal cycler Brief Applications For catching, holding and moving dielectric objects in a size range from nm to m. For amplification of segments of DNA.
Other Facilities: ELECTRONICS/ IT/VI (Virtual Instrumentation) Technical Facility Virtual, Real Time Environment software Industrial PCs Advanced Measurements Lab & Brief Applications User-defined measurement systems
Signal processing and optimization
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Other Facilities: MECHANICAL Technical Facility Mechanical Design Tools & Software High Vacuum CNC Lathe CNC Lathe (2-axes) Taly Round Turning of parts Cylindricity & Concentricity measuring instrument to accuracy of 0.4 micron Fabrication of parts such as punch, die etc. and similar parts. Fabrication of mould and press tool parts Grinding of precise holes at accurate co-ordinates Brief Applications
Wire Cut EDM Machine
Electric Discharge Machine Jig Grinding/Coordinate Grinding Machine
Punch Shaping Machine Spur Gear Hobbing Machine
Fabrication of punches and similar parts For spur gear manufacturing up to 40 mm diameter For high precision boring holes at accurate coordinates High precision milling jobs For linear dimensional measurements
Jig Boring Machine
CNC Vertical Milling Machine Universal Measuring Machine
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Administrative Structure & Faculty for PGRTP
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CSIO-PGRPE
Administrative Structure Academic Steering Committee and Admission:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Dr Pawan Kapur, Director CSIO Dr HK Sardana, Coordinator, CSIO-PGRPE Dr ML Singla, Subject Coordinator (Agrionics) Dr Rama Gopal, Subject Coordinator Photonics : Dr Amod Kumar, Subject Coordinator (Biomedical Engineering)
Academics Management Functioning

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Dr Pawan Kapur, Director CSIO Dr HK Sardana, Coordinator Mr AD Kaul, Dean Academics, DA Mr VPS Kalsi, Dean, Scientist Trainee Welfare (DSTW) COA COFA Tech Officer (Academics)
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PGRTP-CSIO : Faculty & Courses ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
1.
Dr Pawan Kapur, Director, CSIO BTech, MTech, PhD

Courses: EBC310A: Circuit Theory and Electronic Devices ELE52/53-3-BM: Biological Control Systems ELE52/53-3-AG: Agro Physics for Pre-harvest Operations ELE52/53-7-AG: Post Harvest Technologies
2.
Dr HK Sardana, Coordinator PGRTP, Scientist G BSc(Engg), ME, PhD, MBA

Courses: COM311: Human Physiology and Bio-Instrumentation COM513: Computer Aided Design and Simulation COM325: Signal Processing Techniques COM537: Embedded and Computational Instrumentation ELE52/53-1-AG/PH/BM: Digital Image Processing ELE52/53-5-AG/PH/BM: Soft Computing Techniques ELE52/53-6-AG/OE/BM: Biophotonics ELE52/53-7-PH: Computer Aided Metrology and Machine Vision
3.
Dr ML Singla, Scientist G MSc, PhD

Courses: COM514: Sensors & Actuators COM326: Advanced Materials and Nano Science ELE52/53-2-AG/PH/BM: Biosensors ELE52/53-3-AG: Agro Physics for Pre-harvest Operations ELE52/53-4-AG: Analytical Instrumentation Techniques ELE52/53-7-AG: Post Harvest Technologies
4.
Dr SV Ramagopal, Scientist F MSc, MTech, PhD

Courses: COM513: Computer Aided Design and Simulation COM312: Optics and Opto-electronics ELE52/53-3-PH: Optical System Development ELE52/53-7-PH: Computer Aided Metrology and Machine Vision
5.
Dr Amod Kumar, Scientist G BSc(Engg), ME, PhD

Courses: COM311: Human Physiology and Bio-Instrumentation COM325: Signal Processing Techniques COM537: Embedded and Computational Instrumentation ELE52/53-3-BM: Biological Control Systems ELE52/53-4-BM: Bio-Materials and Bio-Mechanics ELE52/53-5-AG/PH/BM: Soft Computing Techniques ELE52/53-7-BM: MEMS for Medical Applications
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PGRTP-CSIO : Faculty & Courses ADVANCED INSTRUMENTAION ENGINEERING
6.
Mr NS Mehla, Scientist G MSc, MTech

Courses: COM312: Optics and Opto-electronics COM514: Sensors & Actuators ELE52/53-2-AG/PH/BM: Biosensors ELE52/53-4-PH: Photonic Materials and Devices ELE52/53-6- AG/PH/BM: Biophotonics
7.
Mr AD Kaul, Scientist G BSc(Engg), MSc(Engg)

Courses: EBC310B: Mechanisms, Materials and Manufacturing COM513: Computer Aided Design and Simulation ELE52/53-7-AG: Post Harvest Technologies ELE52/53-7-PH: Computer Aided Metrology and Machine Vision
8.
Dr Lalit M Bharadwaj, Scientist G MSc, PhD

Courses: COM326: Advanced Materials and Nano Science ELE52/53-2-AG/PH/BM: Biosensors ELE52/53-4-BM: Bio-Materials and Bio-Mechanics ELE52/53-6-AG/OE/BM: Biophotonics ELE52/53-7-BM: MEMS for Medical Applications
9.
Subhash Jain, Scientist G MSc, MTech

Courses: COM312: Optics and Opto-electronics ELE52/53-4-PH: Photonic Materials and Devices
10.
Dr Sushil K Kaura, Scientist G MSc, MTech, PhD

Courses: COM312: Optics and Opto-electronics ELE52/53-3-PH: Optical System Development ELE52/53-7-PH: Computer Aided Metrology and Machine Vision
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11.
BK Sharma, Scientist F MSc, MTech

Courses: COM325: Signal Processing Techniques COM537: Embedded and Computational Instrumentation
12.
AK Paul, Scientist F MSc, MTech

Courses: ELE52/53-2-AG/PH/BM: Biosensors ELE52/53-4-AG: Analytical Instrumentation Techniques ELE52/53-7-BM: MEMS for Medical Applications
13.
Randhir Bhatnagar, Scientist F MSc, MTech

Courses: COM312: Optics and Opto-electronics ELE52/53-2-AG/PH/BM: Biosensors ELE52/53-4-PH: Photonic Materials and Devices ELE52/53-6-AG/OE/BM: Biophotonics ELE52/53-7-PH: Computer Aided Metrology and Machine Vision
14.
Dr PK Jain, Scientist F MSc, PhD

Courses: COM311: Human Physiology and Bio-Instrumentation ELE52/53-2-AG/PH/BM: Biosensors ELE52/53-3-BM: Biological Control Systems ELE52/53-4-BM: Biomaterials & Biomechanics
15.
SK Mittal, Scientist F MSc, MTech

Courses: COM537: Embedded and Computational Instrumentation
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16.
Dr C Ghanshyam, Scientist F BTech, MTech, PhD

Courses: EBC310A: Circuit Theory and Electronic Devices COM514: Sensors & Actuators COM326: Advanced Materials and Nano Science
17.
Dr GS Singh, Photonics, Scientist F MSc, MTech, PhD

Courses: COM312: Optics and Opto-electronics COM513: Computer Aided Design and Simulation COM325: Signal Processing Techniques ELE52/53-3-PH: Optical System Development
18.
RC Kalonia, Scientist F MSc, MTech

Courses: COM312: Optics and Opto-electronics ELE52/53-3-PH: Optical System Development
19.
VPS Kalsi, Scientist E-II AMIE, MTech

Courses: EBC310A B: Mechanisms, Materials and Manufacturing ELE52/53-7-AG: Post Harvest Technologies ELE52/53-7-PH: Computer Aided Metrology and Machine Vision
20.
Dr KD Chattopadhyay, TO E-II AMIE, ME, PhD

Courses: EBC310A B: Mechanisms, Materials and Manufacturing ELE52/53-7-PH: Computer Aided Metrology and Machine Vision
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21.
Satish Kumar, Scientist E-I BTech, MTech

Courses: COM325: Signal Processing Techniques
COM537: Embedded and Computational Instrumentation
22.
VD Shivling, Scientist E-I BTech, MTech

Courses: ELE52/53-3-AG: Agrophysics for Pre-harvest Operations
23.
RR Shravan Kumar, Scientist E-I BTech, MTech

Courses: COM513: Computer Aided Design and Simulation
24.
Dr Sunita Mishra, Scientist E-I MSc, PhD

Courses: COM514: Sensors & Actuators COM326: Advanced Materials and Nano Science ELE52/53-3-AG: Agro Physics for Pre-harvest Operations ELE52/53-4-AG: Analytical Instrumentation Techniques ELE52/53-4-PH: Photonic Materials and Devices
25.
Vinod Karar, Scientist E-II BTech, MTech

Courses: COM513: Computer Aided Design and Simulation
26.
Sanjeev Verma, Scientist E-I BTech, MTech

Courses: COM513: Computer Aided Design and Simulation ELE52/53-7-AG: Post Harvest Technologies
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27.
Neelesh Kumar, Scientist C BTech, MTech, MBA

Courses: COM311: Human Physiology and Bio-Instrumentation ELE52/53-1-AG/PH/BM: Digital Image Processing ELE52/53-4-BM: Biomaterials & Biomechanics COM537: Embedded and Computational Instrumentation
28.
Amol P Bhondekar, Scientist C BTech, MTech

Courses: EBC310A: Circuit Theory and Electronics Devices COM325: Signal Processing Techniques COM514: Sensors & Actuators COM537: Embedded and Computational Instrumentation ELE52/53-5-AG/PH/BM: Soft Computing Techniques
29.
PK Mahapatra, Scientist C BTech, MTech

Courses: COM514: Sensors & Actuators ELE52/53-3-AG: Agro Physics for Pre-harvest Operations ELE52/53-7-AG: Post Harvest Technologies
30.
Dr Amit Lochan Sharma, Scientist C MSc, MTech, PhD

Courses: COM326: Advanced Materials and Nano Science ELE52/53-2-AG/PH/BM: Biosensors ELE52/53-4-AG: Analytical Instrumentation Techniques
31.
Prabhat Kumar Baghel, Scientist C MSc, MTech

Courses: ELE52/53-3-PH: Optical System Development ELE52/53-7-PH: Computer Aided Metrology and Machine Vision
32.
Surender Singh Saini, Scientist B BTech, MTech

Courses: EBC310A: Circuit Theory and Electronics Devices COM513: Computer Aided Design and Simulation
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33.
Dr Inderpreet Kaur, Scientist B MSc, PhD

Courses: ELE52/53-4-AG: Analytical Instrumentation Techniques ELE52/53-1-AG/PH/BM: Digital Image Processing ELE52/53-4-BM: Biomaterials & Biomechanics ELE52/53-6-AG/OE/BM: Biophotonics ELE52/53-7-BM: MEMS for Medical Applications
34.
Dr Akash Deep, Scientist B MSc, PhD

Courses: ELE52/53-4-AG: Analytical Instrumentation Techniques ELE52/53-6-AG/OE/BM: Biophotonics
35.
Umesh Tiwari, Scientist B MSc, MTech

Courses: COM312: Optics and Opto-electronics COM514: Sensors & Actuators ELE52/53-2-AG/PH/BM: Biosensors ELE52/53-4-PH: Photonic Materials and Devices ELE52/53-6-AG/OE/BM: Biophotonics
36.
VS Pandey, Scientist B BTech, MTech

Courses: COM326: Advanced Materials and Nano Science
37.
Harry Garg, Scientist B BTech, ME

Courses: EBC310B: Mechanisms, Materials and Manufacturing M513: Computer Aided Design and Simulation
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List of Additional Faculty for Lab/Case Studies

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Jagdish Kumar, Scientist C, [BTech, MTech] NS Aulakh, Scientist C, [BTech, pursuing PhD] Baban Kumar, Scientist C, [BTech, pursuing PhD] Manjit Singh, Scientist C, [BTech, MTech] Rajesh Kumar, Scientist C, [MSc, MTech] Ms Jaspreet Kaur, Scientist B, [BTech, MTech, pursuing PhD] Sanjeev Kumar, Scientist B, [BTech, pursuing PhD]
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Course Details
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COURSE DETAILS
The first semester of the programme focuses on four core subjects on Sensors and Actuators, Design and Simulation, Optics and Opto-electronics and Bio-instrumentation. They will also have one elective bridge course. Three other core subjects are covered in the second and third semesters and five elective subjects are provided in second and third semesters. The third and fourth semesters effectively utilize the students knowledge acquired through core and elective subjects towards advanced R&D project work and dissertation in their specialisation areas. The semester-wise scheme including list of specialisation subjects is shown on the next page.
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ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

Semester-I Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Total * A. Circuit Theory and Electronic Devices ** These courses include laboratory. Semester-II Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Total SEMESTER-III Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Total SEMESTER-IV Sr. No. 1. Total Subject Project & Thesis, Seminar & Viva** Course Code L THE2041(AG/PH/BM) 0 0 Hours/ Week T 10 10 P 30 30 Total 40 40 16+4 20 Credits Weightage CE 0.8 0.8 TE 0.2 0.2 Subject Elective-IV (AG/PH/BM)** Elective-V (AG/ PH/BM)** Embedded and Computational Instrumentation** Synopsis/Seminar for Project Work/Thesis** Course Code L ELE534-sub code ELE535-sub code COM537 COM2038 3 3 3 0 9 Hours/ Week T 1 1 1 4 7 P 4 4 4 6 16 Total 8 8 8 10 34 3+2 3+2 3+2 5 20 Credits Weightage CE 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 TE 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Subject Elective-I (AG/PH/BM)** Elective-II (AG/PH/BM)** Elective-III (AG/PH/BM)** Signal Processing Techniques Advanced Materials and Nano Science Course Code L ELE521-sub code ELE522-sub code ELE523-sub code COM325 COM326 3 3 3 3 3 15 Hours/ Week T 1 1 1 1 1 5 P 4 4 4 0 0 12 Total 8 8 8 4 4 32 3+2 3+2 3+2 3 3 21 Credits Weightage CE 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 TE 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Subject Elective Bridge Course* Human Physiology and BioInstrumentation Optics and Opto-electronics Computer Aided Design and Simulation** Sensors & Actuators** Course Code L EBC310A EBC310B COM311 COM312 COM513 COM514 3 3 3 3 3 3 15 Hours/ Week T 3 3 1 1 1 1 7 P 0 0 0 0 4 4 8 Total 6 6 4 4 8 8 30 3 3 3 3 3+2 3+2 19 Credits Weightage CE 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 TE 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
CE: Continuous Evaluation by way of tests/assignments, viva for experiments. TE: Term Eval/viva
B. Mechanisms, Materials and Manufacturing
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SPECIALISATION SUBJECTS
SEM-II, Elective- I, II & III (ELE521/2/3-sub code)** [THREE from the following], XX=(AG/PH/BM) and SEM-III, Elective-IV & V (ELE534/5-sub code) [TWO from the following], XX=(AG/PH/BM) Course Sub code 1-XX 2-XX 3-XX 4-XX 5-XX 6-XX 7-XX Agrionics (AG) Digital Image Processing Biosensors Agro Physics for Pre-harvest Operations Analytical Instrumentation Techniques Soft Computing Techniques Biophotonics Post Harvest Technologies PHOTONICS (PH) Digital Image Processing Biosensors Optical System Development Photonic Materials and Devices Soft Computing Techniques Biophotonics Computer Aided Metrology and Machine Vision Biomedical Engg (BM) Digital Image Processing Biosensors Biological Control Systems Bio-Materials and BioMechanics Soft Computing Techniques Biophotonics MEMS for Medical Applications
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EBC310A: Circuit Theory and Electronic Devices

Credits: 3
Module I [12L] Electric circuits and components: introduction, basic electrical elements resistor, capacitor, inductor, Kirchoffs laws, voltage and current sources and meters, network theorems, AC/DC circuit analysis, transformer, impedance matching, grounding and electrical interference. Module II [16L] Semiconductor electronics: junction diode, Zener diode, analysis of diode circuit, three terminal devices - BJT, JFET, MOSFET, four terminal devices, SCR, DIAC,TRIAC, photo devices - photo diodes, photo transistors, LED, LCD, opto-isolator and opto-couplers, amplifiers: BJT, FET amplifier, single stage, multistage power amplifiers class A, B, C and D amplifiers, operational amplifiers: specifications, characteristics and applications. Module III [10L] Introduction to computing: number system and code conversion, logic gates, Boolean algebra, combinational logic circuits, sequential logic circuits latch, RS, JK, T, D flip flops, shift registers, counters, digital building blocks: decoder, encoder, MUX, DMUX, A/D, D/A converters, memories, programmable logic devices, microprocessors, microcontrollers, Display devices. Module IV [10L] Power devices: construction, rating, characteristics and applications of SCR, TRIAC, IGBT.
Course Overview This course provides introductory knowledge of electrical/electronic components, building blocks, principles and theories of working of various devices. The course is a pre-requisite to electronics and circuit design, digital circuit analysis and study of microcontrollers/ microprocessors. Faculty: Dr Pawan Kapur Dr C Ghanshyam Tutorial: Amol P Bhondekar Surender Singh Saini
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EBC310B: Mechanisms, Materials and Manufacturing

Credits: 3 Module I [18L]
Mechanical systems: types of motion, kinematic chains, freedom and constraints, slider-crank mechanisms, machine elements.
Module II [18L]
Engineering materials, machining processes: conventional, special purpose machines
Module III [12L]

Mechanical engineering measurements & instruments: linear, angular, and surface measurements, force, temperature.
Course Overview This bridge course provides introductory principles and functioning of various mechanical components as building blocks. It brings in mechanical engineering concepts for instrumentation engineering. Faculty: Dr KD Chattopadhyay AD Kaul VPS Kalsi Tutorial: VPS Kalsi Harry Garg
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COM311: Human Physiology and BioInstrumentation

Cell and its constituents, basic tissues and types, major muscles of the body, nervous system, bone tissue - structure, development and growth, fracture healing, joints - classification and types, movement at joints. Respiratory system, Urinary system, Digestive system, Cardio vascular system. Sense organs.
Module II [12L]
Resting membrane potential and action potential of a cell, measurements of bio-potentials, ECG, EMG, EEG. Blood pressure and blood flow measurements, bio-chemical measurements. Measurements in respiratory system.
Module III [24L]

Study of pacemakers, defibrillators, diathermy, principles of operation of laser devices, lithotriptor, incubators, thermograph, ventilators, anaesthesia machine, audiometry, hearing aids. Endoscope, intensive care units, infusion pumps, bio-telemetry systems, hemodialyser and heart lung machine, electrical hazards and safety.
Course Overview The course is designed to impart knowledge of the normal structure of human body & functions and various related bioinstrumentation approaches. This course provides knowledge on basic measurement methods and Instrumentation techniques for the measurement of physical, physiological, and biological factors in man or other living organisms. It introduces measurements, covers the necessary electronics, and then builds from small to big measurements on molecules, cells, organs, and the body. Useful in understanding courses of biomedical engineering. Faculty: Dr PK Jain Dr Amod Kumar Dr HK Sardana Tutorial: Dr PK Jain Neelesh Kumar
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COM312: Optics and Opto-electronics

Basic optics: reflection and refraction of plane waves, polarization, diffraction; two-beam and multiple beam interference, Fabry-Perot interferometer, micro-optic components, laser basics and applications.
Module II [14L]
Optical fibre properties, fibre characterization techniques, directional couplers, connectors, splices, fibre polarization components, wavelength division multiplexing, fibre gratings, optical spectrum analyzer, OTDR.
Module III [22L]

Interaction of radiation with material, optical sources and detectors, Qswitching and mode locking in lasers, light detection techniques, fibre optic and radiation sensors, photonic crystals, holey fibre, fibre halfblock and birefringent fibres, electro-optic effects, acousto-optic effect, nonlinear optics and parametric amplification, fibre amplifiers and laser systems.
Course Overview This basic course in optics and opto-electronics lays foundation for various applications of instrumentation engineering. Instrumentation systems now-a-days invariably use photo sensors/ photo detectors and related optics in the form of conventional components or laser and optical fibre as one of their main building blocks. Faculty: Dr SV Ramagopal Subhash C Jain Randhir Bhatnagar Umesh Tiwari Tutorial: NS Mehla Dr Sushil K Kaura RC Kalonia
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COM513: Computer Aided Design and Simulation

Credits: 3+2 Module I [8L]
Introduction: Introduction to computer aided design, simulation and visualization, genesis of CAD, concepts of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) and Virtual Prototyping (VP), extension of CAD into Virtual Reality (VR), sensing in VR, hardware, input/output devices and applications.
Module II [10L]
Mechanical Design & Simulation: Introduction to CAD/CAE/Simulation, hardware and software in CAD/CAE applications, graphics input and output devices. Introduction to 2D, 3D drawings and projections. Modelling approaches, coordinate systems, geometric modelling, wire frame modelling, surface modelling, part modelling, assembly modelling, sheet metal modelling, rendering and visualization. CAD/CAE data exchange file formats & their exchange, introduction to dynamic simulation, FEA. Basic concepts of simulation, various types of simulation.
Module III [10L]

Electronic Design & Simulation: Electronic Design Automation/Electronic Computer-Aided Design (EDA/ECAD), mixed signal simulation, behaviour simulation, emulation, PCB layouts, thermal analysis, EMI analysis.
Module IV [10L]
Optical Design & Simulation: Features & construction of merit function, optimisation methods for lens optimisation, descent methods, orthonormalization methods and optimisation subject to constraints. Introduction to global optimisation techniques used in lens design. Computer performance evaluation of optical system, ray trace curves, spot diagrams, optical path difference curves, encircled energy curves and modulation transfer function.
Course Overview The objective of this course is to introduce the principles and practices of Computer Aided Design, Engineering and Analysis and Simulation in multiple disciplines of instrumentation. The course provides building mathematical concepts of object modelling, rendering and display of objects and focuses on establishing the kinematic relations among various objects, so that systems can be defined, modelled and simulated. The course has lab with tools developing mechanical components, optical systems, electronic circuits and mixed systems. Faculty: Dr HK Sardana Dr GS Singh RR Shravan Kumar Vinod Karar Tutorial: AD Kaul Sanjeev Verma Vinod Karar Surender Singh Saini Lab: Harry Garg Dr SV Ramagopal Surender Singh Saini
Module V [10L]
System Simulation: Introduction, statistics and probability for simulation, descriptive simulation modelling, techniques for sensitivity estimation, simulation-based optimization techniques, meta-modelling and the goal seeking problems, "What-if" analysis techniques.
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COM514: Sensors and Actuators

Sensor Technologies: Physical principles & basic mechanisms in sensor systems, semiconductor processing, processing of ceramic and glasses, thin and thick film technologies, processing of micro-sensors Sensor Structures: Impedance type, semiconductor based, resonance based, electro-chemical cell, colorimetric and fibre optic sensors.
Module II [12L]
Sensing Effects: Dielectric, sorption, conductivity, resistivity, optical behaviour, selective chemical sensing, multi-array sensing Sensor Performance: Transduction principles, transducer characteristics, classification of transducers, methods for characterisation of transducers-performance characteristics, static & dynamic characteristics, error analysis.
Module III [12L]

Actuators: Principles of actuation mechanism, architecture of control electronics, development methodology of motor/actuator control, micro actuators, stepper motors, brushed DC motors, brushless DC motors and hydraulic and pneumatic actuators, Bimorph actuators.
Course Overview This course deals at length with various transduction principles, sensors, their working and applications. These sensors encompass a complete spectrum of physical, chemical, biological, and other variables. The course presents a total treatise of sensing mechanisms to the students. Coverage of actuators makes students understand the subtle relationship between sensing & action required in response. Faculty: Dr ML Singla Dr C Ghanshyam Dr Sunita Mishra NS Mehla Tutorial: Amol P Bhondekar Umesh Tiwari Lab/Case studies: Baban Kumar PK Mahapatra NS Aulakh Jagdish Kumar Ms Jaspreet Kaur Sanjeev Kumar
Module IV [12L]
Sensor Applications: Mechanical, acoustic, temperature, IR, humidity, magnetic material, MEMS sensor, ion-selective, medicine and biology.
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COM325: Signal Processing Techniques

Continuous time signals, sampling theorem, discrete time signals and systems, classification, analysis of linear systems, correlation of discrete time signals, z-transform, frequency domain analysis, DFT, FFT, IIR/FIR digital filter design, basics of DSP processors.
Module II [16]
Digital image fundamentals, image transforms image segmentation, shape representation and description, object recognition.
Module III [14L]

Fourier optics, coherent and incoherent imaging transfer functions, spatial filtering, optical data processing.
Course Overview The objective of this course is to impart preliminary knowledge of processing of signals in the form of optical or electronic in time or space domain. Most of the treatment in electronic signal processing is digital through sampling. The course will help to understand basics applied in electronic systems, imaging systems and optical systems. Faculty: Dr HK Sardana Dr Amod Kumar Dr GS Singh Tutorial: BK Sharma Satish Kumar Amol P Bhondekar
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COM326: Advanced Materials and Nano Science

Ferrous & non-ferrous alloys, shape memory alloys, chemical composition, mechanical properties, electrical and magnetic properties, heat treatment, metal processing, elastic behaviour, optical materials.
Module II [12L]
Semiconductor materials- electronic and optical properties.
Module III [12L]

Chain growth polymers, step growth polymers, photochromic polymers & conducting polymers, optical applications, photochromic lenses, liquid crystal polymers, photo simulated shape changes.
Module IV [12L]
Nano structured materials: characterization techniques, thin film growth, coating, powders, semiconductor nanostructures, fabrication, quantum dot processing technologies, bio-nano materials and applications.
Course Overview This course on advanced materials introduces recent advances made in the field of material science revolutionizing engineering design in many spheres. Properties pertaining to new materials including nano materials and polymers are dealt for future technologies of sensors and instrumentation. Faculty: Dr ML Singla Dr Lalit M Bharadwaj Dr Sunita Mishra Tutorial: Dr C Ghanshyam Dr Amit Lochan Sharma VS Pandey
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COM537: Embedded and Computational Instrumentation

Introduction to embedded systems and architecture, system design using specification and modeling tools.
Module II [12L]
Overview of embedded computing platforms; microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSPs and SoCs, hardware software design and partitioning.
Module III [16L]

Design issues, consideration and trade-offs: performance memory, power, timing, cost, and development time. Memory hierarchy, system interfaces and communication with peripheral units, timers-counters, introduction to real-time system and real-time scheduling.
Module IV [12L]
Real-time software development: high level languages and programming issues, systems performance: networked embedded systems.
Course Overview This course provides deep insight into various processing/computing architectures and their application in embedded system design. It deals at length with embedded computing platforms and various design issues specifically related to real time systems. The mapping of computational algorithms to chosen design architecture has been emphasized. Faculty: Dr HK Sardana Dr Amod Kumar Tutorial: BK Sharma SK Mittal Amol P Bhondekar Lab/Case studies: Baban Kumar Neelesh Kumar Sanjeev Kumar Manjit Singh
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1-AG/PH/BM: Digital Image Processing

Credits: 3+2 Module-I [8L]
Elements of visual perceptions, digital Image sensing, sampling and quantization, digital image representation, basic relationship between pixels, elements of digital image processing system.
Module-II [8L]
Image transforms - discrete Fourier transform and properties, separable image transforms, image enhancement. Wavelet transforms.
Module-III [8L]
Image restoration, image segmentation, image reconstruction from projections.
Module-IV [8L]
Medical image processing: x-ray imaging, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET, SPECT.
Module-V [8L]
Colour image processing: colour models, agro sector applications.
Course Overview Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images. The course provides image sensing and acquisition approaches with emphasis of illumination optics. Further while deviating from frequency domain to space domain, the students would learn primarily two sectors of applications: high resolution medical image processing, colour based agro sector imaging and processing. Faculty: Dr HK Sardana Tutorial: Dr HK Sardana Lab/Case studies: Dr Inderpreet Kaur Neelesh Kumar
Module-VI [8L]
Statistical pattern recognition, cluster analysis, feature selection & extraction, syntactic pattern recognition: stochastic languages, problem solving methods for pattern recognition.
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2-AG/PH/BM: Biosensors
Introduction: biosensors, principles, applications, detection techniques.
Module II [8L]
Biological materials (amino acids, proteins, enzymes, antigen-antibody, cell, nucleic acids) and their immobilisation techniques.
Module III [8L]

Electro-chemical biosensors (potentiometric and amperometric).
Module IV [8L]
Immunoassays, immunosensors, DNA probes.
Course Overview Biosensors are powerful analytical devices for selective detection of chemical compounds at ultra trace levels. These devices have wide applications in the area of medical healthcare, environmental and agricultural monitoring, food analysis, etc. Faculty: Dr PK Jain Dr Amit Lochan Sharma NS Mehla Tutorial: Dr Lalit M Bharadwaj Umesh Tiwari Lab/Case studies: Dr ML Singla AK Paul Randhir Bhatnagar
Module V [8L]
Optical and photonic biosensors (LPG, FBG, luminescence), surface plasmon resonance.
Module VI [8L]
Current trends in biosensor technologies, biosensors based on semiconductors, polymers, quartz crystal microbalance, surface acoustics and liquid crystals.
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3-BM: Biological Control Systems

Credits: 3+2 Module I 8L]
Introduction to control systems, transfer functions, mathematical approaches, system stability, feedback concept and stability analysis.
Module II [8L]
Introduction to biological control system, comparison with engineering control, transfer of substances between compartments, biological receptors, characteristics, transfer function model, bio feedback.
Module III [8L]

Regulation of acid-base balance, regulation of extra cellular water and electrolytes, process controls - cardiac rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and blood glucose regulation. Endocrine control, Pharmaco modelling - drug distribution system, regulation of interstitial fluid volume. CO2 regulations.
Module IV [8L]
Modelling of human thermal regulatory system, parameters involved, control system models etc., heat loss from the body, model of heat transfer between subsystems of human body like skin, core, system within body, body environment etc.
Course Overview Biological control systems are the regulators of various processes in living beings. Among the many control systems are the ones that maintain a balance in the biophysical and biochemical functioning of the body, stabilise internal body temperature in all kinds of weather, and regulate all functions within the body. The course is aimed to create new research opportunities in the area of artificial biological control systems. Faculty: Dr Amod Kumar Dr Pawan Kapur Tutorial: Dr PK Jain Lab/Case studies: Ms Jaspreet Sanjeev Kumar
Module V [8L]
Respiratory control system, modelling of O2 uptake, mass balancing by lungs, gas transport mechanism of lungs, O2 and CO2 transport in blood and tissue. Cardio vascular control system, servo mechanism, Introduction to eye tracking and control, pupil control system.
Module VI [8L]
Design of biomedical control systems, case studies.
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3-AG: Agrophysics for Pre-harvest Operations

Physico-chemico principles involved in the pre harvest operations, soil parameters, soil testing, bio-sensors for pesticides, insecticides, plant growth, plant metabolism, plant genetics, genetic modifications, plant and fertilizer usage, plant-soil-water interactions.
Module II [8L]
Hydro Thermal Physics, drip irrigation, micronutrient measurement and control, plant dynamics, photo synthesis, plant intake studies based on trace elemental analysis, soil-plant-atmosphere environment models, automatic and intelligent environment control systems, green house farming and cultivation under controlled environment.
Module III [8L]

Precision agriculture related technologies and protocols, agro machinery, tractor mounted devices, automatic harvest systems.
Module IV [12L]
Horticulture cropping management, intelligent expert system and decision support system.
Course Overview The most important preharvest agriculture issues are about soil, water and environment which affect plant health and growth. This course introduces latest techniques to measure soil parameters, plant-soil-water interaction and fundamentals of cultivation under controlled environment. It also imparts knowledge and practices in precision agriculture and crop management. Faculty: Dr Pawan Kapur Dr ML Singla External Faculty Tutorial: Dr Sunita Mishra VD Shivling Lab/Case studies: Baban Kumar PK Mahapatra
Module V [12L]
Principles of GPS/GIS applications, concepts, tools and software such as arc GIS, SST tool box and similar software.
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3-PH: Optical System Development

Optical system design, fabrication techniques (spherics & aspherics), system integration, performance evaluation and analysis, optical materials and thin films, design of interference and rugate filters, fabrication and measurements methods.
Module II [16L]
Basic holographic principle and recording, holographic optical elements, holographic interferometry and non-destructive testing, laser speckle techniques and applications.
Course Overview The purpose of this course is to present the current state-of-the-art in optical design, fabrication and testing of optical systems at an advanced level. It is assumed that students are already conversant with principles of optical components and devices. Emphasis of the course is to give the students insight into cutting edge technologies in aspherics, thin films and holography. Faculty: Dr GS Singh Dr Sushil K Kaura Tutorial: Dr SV Ramagopal RC Kalonia Lab/Case studies: Dr SV Ramagopal RC Kalonia Prabhat Kumar Baghel
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4-BM: Biomaterials & Biomechanics

Introduction - material science, materials used in medicine, polymers, metals, ceramics, treated natural materials, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility.
Module II [12L]
Scope of mechanics in medicine - orthopaedics, cardiology, exercise physiology, biomechanics in orthopaedics - principles, joints, fracture, internal and external fixation, prosthetic design, biomechanics of degenerative disorders, gait analysis, biofluid mechanics, mathematical models.
Module III (10L)

Introduction to rehabilitation engineering: artificial limb, myoelectric hand, finite element analysis and its application to problems in biomechanics.
Module IV [10L]
Materials and nano/molecular devices working at cellular level: molecular motors, molecular robotics, study of biomechanics using optical tweezer, AFM based nanomanipulation, hybrid devices, sensors, biomolecular electronics: charge transport and electrical properties of biomolecules e.g. DNA, proteins.
Course Overview This course discusses biomaterials - the materials that are used and adapted for medical applications in dental, surgery, drug delivery and many other applications. It also imparts knowledge about the role of mechanics in biological systems which include the analysis of motion in animals, fluid dynamics of blood and role of mechanical processes in the development of abnormality. Finally, it also covers materials and biomechanics at cellular level. Faculty: Dr PK Jain Dr Lalit M Bharadwaj Neelesh Kumar Tutorial: Dr Amod Kumar Lab/Case studies: Dr Inderpreet Kaur Neelesh Kumar
60
60
4-AG: Analytical Instrumentation Techniques

Basics of analytical instrumentation, use of computers in analytical instrumentation, statistical techniques, atomic emission and absorption spectroscopy (UV-visible, NIR, IR, FTIR, X-ray).
Module II [8L]
Detection of atoms, molecules and aerosols, glow discharge spectroscopy for elemental analysis
Module III [10L]

Separation techniques, chromatography (gas, ion and liquid) and headspace analysis.
Course Overview This course prepares students in chemical instrumentation and analysis at professional level. It does not assume any prior knowledge in analytical chemistry and molecular spectroscopy as physical basis of various techniques is included in the course structure. Faculty: Dr ML Singla Dr Sunita Mishra AK Paul Tutorial: Dr Sunita Mishra Dr Akash Deep Lab/Case studies: Dr Amit Lochan Sharma Dr Inderpreet Kaur
Module IV [8L]
Electro-Chemical Instrumentation: introduction and overview of electrode processors, kinetics of electrode reactions, potentials sweep methods, impedance spectroscopy.
Module V [10L]
Concept of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, tunnelling microscope and atomic force microscope, applications in material characterization.
61
61
4-PH: Photonic Materials and Devices

Semiconductor physics, optical and photonic band gap materials, device structures and characteristics, optical amplifiers, distributed feed back laser, distributed bragg reflector laser, quantum well lasers, modulators, detectors-PINs, APDs, PMT, CCDs, LCD, diode arrays and OEICs.
Module II [20L]
Optoelectronics sensors and systems - Raman, Brillion and Raleigh scattering based Sensors, FBG/LPG sensors, interrogation techniques and systems, surface plasmon resonance and related sensors.
Course Overview This course is aimed at imparting knowledge about materials, characterization and physics of optical and photonic devices such as lasers, Fibre Bragg Gratings, CCDs and optical ICs. The practical aspects would cover design of optical and photonic systems applications in instrumentation. Faculty: Dr Sunita Mishra Subhash Jain Randhir Bhatnagar Umesh Tiwari Tutorial: NS Mehla Lab/Case studies: NS Aulakh
62
62
5- AG/PH/BM: Soft Computing Techniques

Neural network systems, learning laws and learning methods, network architectures, uncertainty and imprecision, fuzzy systems, linguistic rules, approximate reasoning, genetic algorithms.
Module II [16L]
Hybrid systems, neuro-fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms evolving neural networks, applications in control, inspection, monitoring, forecasting, recognition and diagnosis.
Module III [18L]

Applications: engineering design optimisation, optimiser behaviour evaluation through stochastic analysis, performance analysis, optical design and engineering, mechatronic products, agro applications.
Course Overview The course addresses current soft computing techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy Logic, approximate reasoning, machine learning, etc in situations where measurements are uncertain and in deterministic. The applications include effective solving of pattern recognition and classifications problems. Faculty: Dr HK Sardana Dr Amod Kumar Tutorial: Amol P Bhondekar Lab/Case studies: Dr Amod Kumar Dr HK Sardana Sanjeev Kumar
63
63
6- AG/PH/BM: Biophotonics
Introduction, fundamentals of light-matter interactions, biosensors based on optical and photonic principles, FBG, LPG based sensing, bio luminescence, fluorescence, evanescent sensors, photobiology.
Module II [16L]
Bioimaging: principles and techniques, confocal microscope, surface plasmon resonance, Raman microscope, near field scanning optical microscopy etc., microarray technology for genomics and proteomics, flow cytometry, light-activated therapy, photodynamic therapy
Module III [16L]

Nanotechnology for biophotonics: bio-nano-photonics, applications in healthcare and agriculture, disease diagnosis and pathogen detection.
Course Overview Biophotonics deals with interactions between light and biological matter. It is an exciting frontier which involves a fusion of photonics and biology. It offers applications in early detection of diseases and for new modalities of light-guided and lightactivated therapies. Biology is advancing photonics, since biomaterials are showing promise in the development of new photonic media for technological applications. Biophotonics techniques are equally important for agro food science and studies of plant life. Faculty: Dr Lalit M Bharadwaj Umesh Tiwari Tutorial: Dr HK Sardana NS Mehla Randhir Bhatnagar Lab/Case studies: Dr Inderpreet Kaur Umesh Tiwari Dr Akash Deep
64
64
7-AG: Post Harvest Technologies

Physical properties of agri-produce, quality aspects, quantification of quality, quality model building (tea, honey, sugars, syrups etc.), spectroscopic techniques, advanced analytical instruments, IMS devices, machine vision and Image information processing technology for sorting, grading of agri-produce
Module II [12L]
Storage technologies, CA storage, bulk storage, air storage, instrumental, pulsed excitation techniques for pasteurization, methods for increasing storage efficiency.
Module III [12L]

Farm machinery and equipment featuring intelligent electromechanical integration, virtual agriculture and modern sensing technologies such as biosensors
Module IV [12L]
Some case-studies of post-harvest operations such as grading/sorting controlled environment operations, agri-mechanisation methods.
Course Overview The main technological challenges related to the harvesting of crop manifest themselves in three forms: sophistication of machinery; storage techniques for prolonged shelf-life of agro-produce; and quality assessment/associated regulatory aspects. This course is designed to address these issues besides making the students aware about technological advancements in these areas and research underway. Faculty: Dr Pawan Kapur Dr ML Singla External Faculty Tutorial: AD Kaul VPS Kalsi Lab/Case studies: PK Mahapatra Sanjeev Verma
65
65
7-PH: Computer Aided Metrology and Machine Vision

Modern measurement techniques, precision and accuracy, contact and noncontact measurement, metrology environment.
Module II [8L]
Co-ordinate measuring machine: process and practices, probes, profile and surface measurement, concepts, reverse engineering.
Module III [10L]

Interferometery and diffraction based metrology for surface and profiles,
Module IV [8L]
Non-contact and in-process inspection: air gauging, backpressure gage system, scanning, triangulation, applications
Module V [10L]
Computer aided measurement techniques: data acquisition, calibration, repeatability and reproducibility, automatic inspection.
Module VI [8L]
Vision based inspection system: Image processing techniques, shape analysis, photogrammetry
Course Overview This course teaches the techniques used for computer aided inspection (CAI) and metrology. High speed and high accuracy of positioning systems and contactless inspections are essential elements in modern manufacturing industries. This course equips one to cater to the modern inspection protocols that help enhance the productivity. The course further covers different aspects of inspecting geometrical features of a component and the ways to evaluate those in mass production. Faculty: Dr SV Ramagopal Dr KD Chattopadhyay Dr Sushil K Kaura Dr HK Sardana Tutorial: Dr SV Ramagopal Randhir Bhatnagar Lab/Case studies: VPS Kalsi AD Kaul Prabhat Kumar Baghel
66
66
7-BM: MEMS for Medical Applications

Material properties, crystal growth, basic fabrication techniques diffusion, oxidation, deposition of films using various techniques, chemical and plasma etching, cleaning, lithographic process, electroplating.
Module II [10L]
Surface and bulk micro-machining, release of microstructures
Module III [8L]

MEMs devices: Capacitive, electrostatic, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic transduction, micro-fluidics.
Module IV [8L]
MEMs packaging technologies
Module-V [10L]
BioMEMs: application in healthcare, hearing aids, implantable devices and diagnosis
Course Overview The technology of microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) is impacting the industry, leading to a new generation of tools with sophisticated functionality. Some of these miniature sensors and actuators designed for biomedical applications (BioMEMS) are appearing as medical devices, as well as playing a role in drug delivery. The course would cover theoretical, design and application aspects. Faculty: Dr Lalit M Bharadwaj AK Paul External Faculty Tutorial: Dr Amod Kumar Lab/Case studies: Dr Inderpreet Kaur Rajesh
67
67

CSIR PGRPE on Advanced Instrumentation Engineering (2009-2010) CSIO, Sector-30, Chandigarh-160030, (www.csio.res.in

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CSIR PGRPE on Advanced Instrumentation Engineering (2009-2010) CSIO, Sector-30, Chandigarh-160030, (www.csio.res.in

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Agrionics Photonics Biomedical Engineering

CSIR Postgraduate Research Programme in Engineering

Two-year PG Research Programme

ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

Central Scientific Instruments Organisation

Post Graduate Research Programme in

Advanced Instrumentation Engineering

Agrionics Photonics Biomedical Engineering

Advanced Instrumentation Engineering

Agrionics (AG) Photonics (PH) Biomedical Engineering (BM)

Number of Seats and Sub-Specialisation Streams in the Programme

Agrionics Photonics Biomedical Engineering

The programme offers three streams as follows:

ADMISSION PROCESS Admission Process

Payment of Fees at CSIO

Recent Activities & Infrastructural Facilities of CSIO in

Sensors and Instrumentation for Pesticides Estimation

Sensor and Instrumentation for Crop Growth (Photosynthesis)

Quantification of Quality for Tea & Honey

Aroma and Taste Measuring for Tea

Instrumentation for Quality of Stored Potatoes

Iodine Value Meter

Gossypol Measuring System

High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC)

High Performance Liquid Chromatograph

Desktop Probe station with Femto range IV-CV Measurement Systems

Isothermal Titration Calorimeter

Isothermal Titration Calorimeter

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

Differential Thermal Analyzer

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

Differential Thermal Analyzer/ Thermogravimetric Analyzer/ Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DTA/TGA/DSC)

Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

Differential Thermal Analyser/Thermogravimetric Analyser

Fluorescence Spectrophotometer Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

Head Up Display for LCA

Sun Glare Image without Filter

and CRI, Bangalore. The project is funded by ADA, Bangalore.

Cursive HUD Units

Reduced Sun Glare Image with Filter

LCA HUD Cursive Version

Head-up Display for HJT-36 Aircraft

Head-Up Display for HJT-36 Aircraft (Safety of Right Unit)

Folding Mirror of SOF Unit

Lens Assembly for HUDWAC System

Hot Air Leak Detection System for LCA

Fire Safety Sensors for Tejas

Fibre Optic Beam Delivery System for High Power Lasers

Input Coupling (Launch) Optics

Fire Safety Sensors for Tejas

Output Coupling (Target) Optics

FBG/LPG based Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring

Launch Optics Assembly

Fibre Bragg Grating Based Liquid Level Gage

Laser based Projectile Velocity Measurement System (PVMS)

Schematic of FBG liquid level gage

Multiple Lasers based Shadowgraphy System (MLSS)

Upgradation of Nanoform 250 SPDT Machine

Upgradation of Form Talysurf Mechanical Profilometer

FBG and LPG Writing System

3D Optical Profiler (Non-contact) for Roughness and step height measurement

Thin Film Facilities