2010 Hotel Cost Estimating Guide

$450.
00 US
HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE

WASHINGTON, D.C.
2010
7361 Calhoun Place, Suite 310 Rockville, Maryland 20855
BOSTON
563 Main Street West Newbury, Massachusetts 01985
SAN DIEGO
701 Palomar Airport Road, Suite 300 Carlsbad, California 92011
www.nehmer.com www.hvscompass.com
2010 Jonathan Nehmer + Associates, Inc. & HVScompass Published by: Jonathan Nehmer + Associates, Inc.
HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010
2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 4 Capex in Crisis: Hotel Capital Expenditures Since 2007 ....................................................... 6 Cost Estimating Summary Sheet ........................................................................................... 8 Cost Estimating Tables by Hotel Tier ................................................................................... 11
Economy ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Extended Stay .................................................................................................................................. 15 Midscale ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Upscale ............................................................................................................................................. 31 Upper-Upscale .................................................................................................................................. 41 Luxury ............................................................................................................................................... 51
Perspectives on Capital Expenditures .................................................................................. 61

Tips for Planning Capital Expenditure Renovations ........................................................................ 62 If I Had Two Nickels .......................................................................................................................... 63 Successful Capex on a Tight Budget ............................................................................................... 64 Logistics Tips .................................................................................................................................... 67 Discovering Product by Product Whats Sustainably Beneficial to Hotels ....................................... 68
Glossary of Freight/FF&E Terms .......................................................................................... 70
I NTRODUCTION
A year ago, seeing the need for quality and up-to-date hotel renovation costs, JN+A and HVScompass prepared the first Hotel Cost Estimating Guide. This guide provided a quick, clear reference with ranges of costs to broadly estimate the cost of hotel renovations. Within each range, applicable costs were separated into categories as outlined below. Now, for 2010, due to the significant changes and volatility in the current market, we have updated the Hotel Cost Estimating Guide to reflect current costs. When using this guide, please note that since project-specific conditions will affect the final cost of every renovation project, this Estimating Guide will not include all costs for each hotel renovation. However, this guide does identify broad areas of costs that will likely apply to most types of hotel renovations and can provide preliminary insight when planning for such work.
HOTEL MARKET TIERS - MODEL HOTEL CRITERIA FOR 2010 GUIDE

Economy 90 guestrooms, 3 stories (all with guestrooms), 30 rooms / floor Extended Stay 150 guestrooms, 4 stories (all with guestrooms), 40 rooms / floor Midscale w/ F&B 135 guestrooms, 5 stories (all with guestrooms), 27 rooms / floor Upscale 304 guestrooms, 9 stories (8 with guestrooms), 38 rooms / floor Upper Upscale 192 guestrooms, 25 suites, 7 stories (6 with guestrooms), 41 bays / floor Luxury 200 guestrooms, 20 suites, 6 stories (5 with guestrooms), 46 bays / floor
COST CATEGORIES
Renovation costs in this guide have been separated into the following cost categories. Throughout the guide, the colors shown in the chart below are used to indicate each category. Guestrooms, Guest Bathrooms, Guestroom Corridors Food & Beverage Outlets Function Space Recreational Facilities Infrastructure
NEW IN THE 2010 GUIDE

Now in its second year, the 2010 Hotel Cost Estimating Guide has been updated to include more useful information for hotel renovation decision-makers.
Contractor Data: JN+A wishes to thank the following General

Contractors for the large amount of time they volunteered to provide us with unit cost data for each of the categories and sub-categories included in the guide. JN+A has successfully worked with each of these contractors on past projects. All of them are well-known, regionally- or nationally-based contractors that specialize, or have departments that specialize, in the hospitality industry. These organizations are acutely aware of the crucial need for efficient operation in hotels with regard to noise and guest satisfaction, as well as the primary need to produce completed, guest-ready, hotel rooms. Brasfield & Gorrie General Contractors Continental Contractors, Inc. Digney York Associates, LLC Grand Pacific Building Services, Inc. Heidenberger Construction, Inc. Land-Ron, Inc. Lombardi Contracting Corporation Reliance Construction Company Structure Tone, Inc. Triad Construction Services, Inc. Turner Construction Company Whiting-Turner Contracting Company Another upgrade in the 2010 Guide is the inclusion of technical articles that have been prepared by HVS, JN+A, HVScompass, Benjamin West, and Audit Logistics throughout 2009 and 2010. These articles, listed in the Table of Contents, provide further insight into capital expenditures, hotel renovation, and the FF&E purchasing and freight process.
FF&E and Freight Management: As with the 2009 study, for

the second year we want to recognize the efforts of Benjamin West and Audit Logistics for providing cost data for FF&E and Freight Management. In the new guide, Benjamin West has provided low, medium, and high prices for various FF&E items that are commonly required in hotel renovations. The pricing information was compiled from actual purchase orders that were implemented in 2010. Benjamin Wests pricing evaluation included custom FF&E items so that the costs indicated in the guide are the most representative amounts possible. The FF&E amounts included in the guide do not include tax, freight, or warehousing because these amounts vary greatly based on location, weight of the materials to be shipped, and on the manufacturers distance from the site.
Added Luxury Tier: For 2010, we have added a new market tier
for Luxury Hotels. Hotels in this market segment vary greatly in size, configuration, and the services that they provide. They range from small, boutique properties, to larger urban properties, to even larger suburban properties in locations such as Orange County, CA; Buckhead, GA; Northern Virginia, and several other prosperous suburban locations. Consequently, the model hotel described in the guide is only one possible configuration for this tier. In addition, the guide accommodates the fact that Luxury Hotels receive frequent upgrades in certain types of FF&E that wear quickly due to high use, such as bedding, while less frequent upgrades are required in other types of FF&E, such as meeting room carpet, that wear more slowly due to lower capacities and the higher material quality associated with Luxury Hotels.
C apex in Crisis: Hotel Capital Expenditures Since 2007

by Stephen Rushmore of HVS |
as published in LODGING HOSPITALITY
Making the decision to renovate in the current economy is a difficult one. Due to limited capital expenditure dollars, hoteliers are faced with re-evaluating the previously-recommended renovation cycles based on necessity. In the past, a hotel would be renovated based either on brand-mandated refresh programs or on a renovation cycle based on the useful life of its systems and FF&E. Given the current state of the economy, todays decisions are driven by ROI, occupancy, and competition. It is important to understand the trends of capital expenditures, especially over the past few years when the market has taken a drastic turn, to know how to plan for and prioritize upcoming renovations. The last official capital expenditure study for the hotel industry was conducted in 2007. The study analyzed capital expenditures data from 2000 through 2005. During this period, the industry saw a sharp downturn due to the events of 9/11, followed by a gradual recovery beginning in 2003, then a boom in 2006 and 2007.
Although green design was receiving a lot of press, for most hotel owners, sustainable design initiatives were not economically feasible. Building green was viewed as an unwelcome addition of time and cost and a compromise of design because of limited material selections. Since many owners were renovating properties with the intention of selling again within a few years time, the long-run savings incurred from green building practices werent incentive enough to sell sustainable design. In the active market of 2005-2007, in which properties turned over frequently, building green just wasnt attractive. Todays hotel industry is in a state of recovery similar to the one that occurred after 9/11. Construction projects were down nearly 35% between December 2007 and September 2009, and projects in the pipeline were reduced 26% during the same timeframe. Capital expenditures are down due to a decline in RevPAR and the capital markets. The upscale and luxury hotel sectors have been the hardest hit by revenue the decline due to the negative publicity surrounding luxury spending in the recession. Consequently, luxury properties have been less apt to spend money on renovations when revenue is down. Limited service properties, however, were the beneficiary of the cost cutting trend and have continued to renovate, as they did during the years from 2002 through 2007. The limited service and economy sectors have kept closer to the normal renovation cycle during the economic downturn. The decline in construction projects has also affected the cost and scheduling of construction. Projects that have been bid and constructed during this time have shown that construction costs were down 1520% in the last quarter of 2009. Many projects are currently being bid by contractors and subcontractors at cost or even below, but this trend cant continue for too long. Labor prices are decreasing in non-union markets due to surplus supply. The South and Midwest are currently the hardest hit and are seeing the greatest reductions in labor costs. While the current trends have benefits on the cost side, scheduling of renovations can be tricky due to material lead times. Manufacturers of construction materials are drawing down inventories, so lead times have been increasing significantly. For FF&E, lead times are slightly increased due to slow recovery of the factory workforce. According to many industry experts, the expectation is that projects will return in the second half of 2010, with an overload in 2012 similar to what happened during the post-9/11 recovery. This
From 2004 through 2007, the hotel industry saw a swell of activity in both renovation and new construction, and with that increased activity came an increase in costs. Construction labor was expensive and hard to come by due to the number of projects underway. Energy costs were also on the rise, due to increased consumption, declining supply, and natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Competition from overseas forced the prices of raw materials to soar. Prices for both steel and drywall rose 20% per year from 2004 to 2006, according to the AGC (Associated General Contractors of America). Due to material cost increases, inflation, and labor costs, the average cost of hotel construction rose approximately 9% in 2004, 10% in 2005, and 7% in 2006.

could also mean that sustainable design projects have a promising future. While sustainable design was a burden that many owners could not afford to bear during the last decade, hotel owners now seem to understand the value and importance of incorporating it into their projects. Over the past ten years, more and more manufacturers have created eco-friendly products. This has made selection less of an issue and allows designers to fully express their creativity while creating a sustainable product. As jurisdictions begin to require sustainable design as part of their permitting processes, incorporating sustainable practices, and even seeking LEED certification, will evolve from a decision of conscience to a practical necessity. As the market continues to stabilize and construction costs seem to fluctuate, a useful tool for any owner planning a hotel renovation is an area-by-area guide to replacement costs for hotel systems and FF&E. In 2009, a comprehensive Hotel Cost Estimating Guide was established to provide rule-of-thumb ranges of costs for various levels of renovation in five hotel tiers: economy, extended stay, midscale, upscale, and upper upscale. These ranges assist hoteliers with making informed decisions on capital expenditures for hotel properties with which they are working. Due to the changing circumstances, these numbers are updated yearly to provide the most up-to-date information on the current trends.
A renovation while the cycle is down can position your property ahead of the competition.
Understanding the historical trends in hotel capital expenditures, using the post-9/11 recovery as a guideline, and utilizing all available resources in planning can make a hotel renovation possible, even when capital is tight. Experts from all sectors of the hospitality industry are urging owners to renovate while construction costs are low, and with good reason: A renovation while the cycle is down can position your property ahead of the competition and help your property become a leader in the recovery.
My column this month was made possible with the help of Jonathan Nehmer and Scott Rosenberg of Nehmer + Associates and Julie Bourque and Laura Kelley of HVScompass. If you have any questions on your hotels capital improvements and want to talk with an expert in hotel design and construction, drop me an e-mail at srushmmore@hvs.com. Stephen Rushmore is president and founder of HVS, a global hospitality consulting organization with offices around the world. Steve has provided consultation services for more than 12,000 hotels throughout the world during his 35-year career and specializes in complex issues involving hotel feasibility, valuations, and financing. He can be reached at srushmore@hvs.com or 516-248-8828 ext. 204.
2010 HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE SUMMARY

Cost Per Key / Per Restaurant Seat / Per Square Foot
Economy
Guestrooms & Corridors
Guestroom Only Softgoods Reno. Add for Full Reno. (1) Basic Reno. (2) Add for Full Reno. $1,608 $2,979 $605 $2,023 $541 to to to to to $2,932 Per Guestroom $3,388 Per Guestroom $935 Per Guestroom $3,453 Per Guestroom $740 Per Guestroom $2,455 $6,558 $1,381 $3,194 $931 to to to to to $4,528 Per Guestroom $8,962 Per Guestroom $2,260 Per Guestroom $5,649 Per Guestroom $1,250 Per Guestroom
ok ok ok ok ok
Extended Stay
Midscale with F&B
$2,732 $5,613 $2,012 $4,032 $930
to to to to to
$4,581 Per Guestroom $7,526 Per Guestroom $3,483 Per Guestroom $7,773 Per Guestroom $1,325 Per Guestroom
ok not ok ok not
Bathroom
Guestroom Corridors (3,4)
Public Spaces
Lobby (5) 1,000 SF @ $55 Per SF 1,400 SF @ $72 Per SF 2,500 SF @ $72 Per SF
Food & Beverage Facilities

Restaurant Softgoods Reno. (Economy: Breakfast Bar Only) Add for Full Reno. $6 $201 $25 $848 to to to to $13 $423 $46 $1,547 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $49 $125 to to Per SF (400) Per Seat (12) Per SF (400) Per Seat (12) $10 $274 $72 $2,026 to to to to $17 Per SF (1,400) $465 Per Seat (50) $141 Per SF (1,400) $3,959 Per Seat (50) N/A N/A N/A N/A $62 Per SF (80) $188 Per SF (80)
ok ok ok ok
$16 $413 $82 $2,131 $15 $299 $93 $1,868 $19 $63
to to to to to to to to to to
$29 $747 $153 $3,974 $21 $421 $174 $3,484
Per SF (1,296) Per Seat (50) Per SF (1,296) Per Seat (50) Per SF Per Seat Per SF Per Seat
ok ok ok ok
Bar and Lounge
Softgoods Reno. Add for Full Reno.
Kitchen
Excl. Equipment Add for Full Reno.
$37 Per SF (1,600) $94 Per SF (1,600)
not not
Function Spaces
Ballroom & Prefunction Softgoods Reno. Add for Full Reno. AV Equipment Softgoods Reno. Add for Full Reno. AV Equipment N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $16 $21 $2,500 to to to N/A N/A N/A $28 Per SF (552) $44 Per SF (552) $2,500 Lump Sum $13 $24 $12,500 to to to N/A N/A N/A $22 Per SF (3,714) $64 Per SF (3,714) $15,000 Lump Sum
not ok ok
Meeting Rooms & Prefunction
Recreational Facilities
Fitness Rooms (6) Softgoods Reno. (6) Add for Full Reno. $17 to N/A N/A $21 Per SF (2,200) N/A $23 $30 to to $38 Per SF (420) $56 Per SF (420) N/A $89 Per SF (1,750)
ok ok
$27 $31
to to
$39 Per SF (420) $57 Per SF (420) N/A $93 Per SF (1,750)
ok ok
Outdoor Swimming Pool (7) Indoor Swimming Pool (7)
$70
to
ok
$72
to
ok
Infrastructure
Outdoor Parking (Seal Lot & Stripe Spaces) Indoor Parking Structure Renovation Landscaping (8) $203 to $371 Per Prkg. Space N/A $10,000 Allowance $203 to $371 Per Prkg. Space N/A $20,000 Allowance $203 to $371 Per Prkg. Space N/A $30,000 Allowance
GENERAL NOTES:
Allowances indicated in this Estimating Guide do NOT include Professional Fees, Contingency, Operating Supplies & Equipment, Attic Stock, Freight, Sales Tax, etc. Sources: JN+A historical data, misc. purchasing organization unit price information, input from U.S. General Contractors (geographically diverse) This estimating information is a guideline only. Before utilizing this information for any renovation, a full budget estimate should be prepared by JN+A and HVScompass.
2010 Jonathan Nehmer + Associates, Inc. & HVScompass. Unauthorized reproduction prohibited.
2010 HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE SUMMARY

Cost Per Key / Per Restaurant Seat / Per Square Foot
Upper Upscale Luxury
Upscale
to
$3,821 $6,188 $2,080 $3,824
to to to to to
ok ok ok ok not o
$4,527 $9,093 $3,637 $5,090 $1,348
to to to to to
ok ok ok ok ok
$7,531 $11,838 $4,477 $8,423 $1,359
to to to to to
to
$925
3,492 SF @
$95
Per SF
4,800 SF @ $125
Per SF
4,800 SF @ $200
Per SF
$17 $436 $78 $1,956 $21 $418 $149 $2,974

to to
$30 $739 $147 $3,674 $40 $793 $296 $5,911
ok not o not o not o ok ok ok ok ok ok
$18 $652 $86 $3,130 $30 $605 $190 $3,798 $20 $97
$32 $1,179 $185 $6,765 $68 $1,360 $431 $8,629
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok not o ok
$38 $737 $129 $2,481 $34 $685 $245 $4,906 $20 $104
$64 $1,228 $266 $5,127 $80 $1,591 $448 $8,952
$19 $83
$43 Per SF (4,200) $119 Per SF (4,200)
$40 Per SF (7,200) $139 Per SF (7,200)
$51 Per SF (7,200) $208 Per SF (7,200)
$12 $57 $70,000

to
to to to to to to
$17 Per SF $103 Per SF $125,000 Lump Sum $20 Per SF (3,960) $75 Per SF (3,960) $300,000 Lump Sum
not o ok ok
$17 $68 $75,000 $12 $61 $25,000
to to to to to to
ok ok ok ok ok not o
$22 $89 $80,000 $13 $63 $50,000
to to to to to to
$14 $25 $90,000
$27 $67 $18 $71
to to to to
$40 Per SF (720) $147 Per SF (720) $37 Per SF (3,800) $107 Per SF (2,000)
ok ok
$27 $68
to to
$44 Per SF (1,620) $149 Per SF (1,620) N/A $117 Per SF (2,450)
ok ok ok ok
$31 $75
to to
$51 Per SF (3,500) $190 Per SF (3,500) N/A $187 Per SF (2,450)
ok
$76
to
$105
to
$203
to
$371 Per Prkg. Space N/A $40,000 Allowance
not ok
$3,003
to
N/A $4,497 Per Prkg. Space $75,000 Allowance
$3,005
to
N/A $4,856 Per Prkg. Space $75,000 Allowance
SPECIFIC NOTES
1. Includes vanity (base), vanity top, faucet, vanity light, vinyl wall covering, framed mirror, paint ceiling 2. Adds stone / tile tub surround, shower valve, tub diverter, tub drain, tub refinish, porcelain tile floor with tile base 3. Includes carpet and double-stick pad, vinyl wall covering, sconce lighting, artwork, window treatments, painted ceiling, painted millwork running trim, furniture, signage, and ice machines 4. The guestroom component of a guest corridor occupies an area equal to the width of the guestroom, full height, and one-half of the corridor width 5. Includes finishes and lighting upgrades; no electrical, HVAC, or life safety upgrades, nor any reconfiguration 6. Assumes treadmills, elliptical, small free weights, small universal, towel display, dirty towel hamper, artwork, vinyl wall covering, lighting, floor 7. Resurface pool bottom, resurface pool deck, new pool furniture; includes ADA lift 8. Allowance only; varies geographically
2010
ECONOMY
HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010 ECONOMY
Prototype Hotel: 90 guestrooms, 3 stories, 30 rooms/floor

Other assumptions and allowances are listed in each section below

Assume typical guestroom area of approximately 12' wide and 19' long, plus 5' x 8' bathroom and 6' x 4' entry area = 292 SF
Guestroom Softgoods Renovation

Demolition Artwork (installed) Bedspread Carpet & Pad Carpet Base Paint Entry Door, Closet Door, & Frames Paint Existing Knockdown Finish Walls Paint Textured Ceiling Window Treatments $175.00 $225.00 $31.50 $338.80 $128.44 $110.00 $183.52 $100.80 $315.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to $450.00 $275.00 $38.50 $529.20 $128.44 $500.00 $248.00 $378.00 $385.00 AVERAGE $299.00 $250.00 $35.00 $398.37 $128.44 $285.00 $224.85 $172.20 $350.00
Per Key Guestroom - Add for a Full Renovation

Bedsets Casegoods Installation Chest Closet Rack Credenza Desk Desk Chair Desk Lamp End Table Floor Lamp Headboards Lounge Chair Nightstand or Bracket Lamp (2) Nightstands (2) TV (32") & Mount Welcome Light (in existing location)
$1,608.06
to
$2,932.14
$2,142.86
$350.00 $350.00 $285.47 $25.00 $193.76 $115.48 $76.50 $28.13 $78.88 $28.13 $135.00 $203.40 $151.50 $140.40 $712.00 $104.88
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$350.00 $350.00 $348.91 $125.00 $236.82 $141.14 $93.50 $34.38 $96.40 $34.38 $165.00 $248.60 $168.44 $171.60 $712.00 $111.53
AVERAGE $350.00 $350.00 $317.19 $66.67 $215.29 $128.31 $85.00 $31.25 $87.64 $31.25 $150.00 $226.00 $159.98 $156.00 $712.00 $108.20
Per Key Guest Bathroom Basic Renovation

Paint Trim & Door Paint Walls & Ceiling Plate Glass Mirror Shower Curtain & Rod Toilet Accessories Vanity Lights
$2,978.52
to
$3,387.69
$3,174.78
$54.00 $65.52 $225.00 $85.10 $50.00 $125.00
RANGE to to to to to to
$150.00 $252.00 $225.00 $92.90 $75.00 $139.90
AVERAGE $98.00 $120.62 $225.00 $89.14 $61.67 $131.00
Per Key
12
$604.62
to
$934.80
$725.43

Guestrooms & Corridors (continued)

Guest Bathroom - Add for a Full Renovation
Electrical Upgrades (GFI) Faucet Tile Floor Plastic Laminate Vanity Top Repair / Reglaze Tub Shower Valve & Head, Tub Diverter, Tub Drain Tile Tub Surround Replace Toilet $35.00 $50.00 $195.80 $280.00 $175.00 $500.00 $437.50 $350.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to $150.00 $50.00 $467.50 $360.00 $175.00 $750.00 $850.00 $650.00 AVERAGE $63.13 $50.00 $306.90 $320.00 $175.00 $600.00 $543.75 $550.00
Per Key Guestrooms & Guest Bathrooms - Total per Key Corridors
$2,023.30 $2,627.92
to to
$3,452.50 $4,387.30
$2,608.78 $3,334.21
Per room with each unit 12 feet long by half of a 5-foot-wide corridor; 30 rooms per floor RANGE Artwork (installed) $13.33 to Carpet & Pad $90.03 to Furniture $40.50 to Ice Machine $116.67 to Paint Ceiling $12.00 to Sconce (1 for every 2 rooms) $128.10 to Signage $35.00 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54 ) 54") $98.88 $98 88 to Window Treatments (1 per floor) $6.00 to
$21.67 $107.37 $49.50 $116.67 $45.00 $139.90 $50.00 $202.99 $202 99 $7.33
AVERAGE $17.56 $96.51 $45.00 $116.67 $20.50 $134.00 $41.67 $130.01 $130 01 $6.67
Corridors - Total per Key
$540.51
to
$740.42
$608.57

Breakfast Bar Area: approximately 20' x 20' = 400 SF; Seats: 12
Breakfast Bar Softgoods Renovation

Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Breakfast Buffet (refresh) Carpet & Pad (80% of floor area) New Acoustical Tile Ceiling Paint Trim & Doors (allowance) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Window Treatments (2) $200.00 $150.00 $902.89 $2.00 $80.00 $526.22 $550.82 RANGE to to to to to to to $400.00 $350.00 $1,193.78 $1,500.00 $250.00 $709.40 $673.24 AVERAGE $333.33 $266.67 $1,021.35 $1,100.40 $204.29 $576.69 $612.03
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat
$2,411.93 $6.03 $200.99
to to to
$5,076.42 $12.69 $423.04
$4,114.76 $10.29 $342.90

13

Food & Beverage Facilities (continued)

Breakfast Bar - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Buffet Equipment Chairs (12) Electrical Hard Surface Floors (20% of floor area) HVAC (2 PTAC) Life Safety Lighting (2' x 4' fluorescent, 4 fixtures) Millwork Buffet (new, in existing location) Tables (36" square + base, 3) TV (32") & Mount $500.00 $250.00 $1,440.00 $1,200.00 $720.00 $1,800.00 $800.00 $1,200.00 $1,200.00 $350.34 $712.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to $500.00 $500.00 $2,100.00 $3,200.00 $1,360.00 $1,800.00 $2,000.00 $1,200.00 $4,760.00 $428.19 $712.00 AVERAGE $500.00 $366.67 $1,780.00 $2,320.00 $990.00 $1,800.00 $1,480.00 $1,200.00 $3,226.67 $389.26 $712.00
$10,172.34 $25.43 $847.70
to to to
$18,560.19 $46.40 $1,546.68
$14,764.59 $36.91 $1,230.38
Function Spaces
There are typically no Function Spaces in Economy-tier hotels.
Pool Area: approximately 15' x 30' = 450 SF; Deck Area: approximately 1,750 SF
Outdoor Pool
ADA Lift Pool Equipment Pool Furniture Resurface Pool Bottom Resurface Pool Deck (Kool Deck or tile) Signage $7,500.00 $8,000.00 $6,978.61 $2,700.00 $10,500.00 $1,000.00 RANGE to to to to to to $7,500.00 $8,000.00 $8,529.41 $2,700.00 $17,500.00 $1,000.00 AVERAGE $7,500.00 $8,000.00 $7,754.26 $2,700.00 $14,000.00 $1,000.00
Subtotal Total per SF
$36,678.61 $16.67
to to
$45,229.41 $20.56
$40,954.26 $18.62
Infrastructure
Assume 100 parking spaces, 9' x 19', and 25' wide aisles
Outdoor Parking
Clean & Seal Asphalt Stripe Spaces RANGE $19,237.50 to $1,050.00 to $32,062.50 $5,000.00 AVERAGE $25,650.00 $1,900.00
Subtotal Total per Space

14
$20,287.50 $202.88
to to
$37,062.50 $370.63
$27,550.00 $275.50
2010
EXTENDED STAY
HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010 EXTENDED STAY


Assume an average guestroom area of approximately 25' wide x 16' long, plus 12' x 8' bathroom and 8' x 6.5' kitchen area = 550 SF

Demolition Artwork & Mirrors (installed) Bedspread & Skirt Carpet & Pad Carpet Base Paint Entry Doors, Internal Doors, Frames, & Grilles Paint Textured Ceiling Vinyl Kitchen Floor Paint Existing Knockdown Finish Walls Window Treatments $175.00 $315.00 $68.45 $568.44 $180.81 $110.00 $136.20 $208.00 $242.72 $450.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to $450.00 $385.00 $83.66 $888.44 $185.73 $500.00 $681.00 $312.00 $492.00 $550.00 AVERAGE $299.00 $350.00 $76.05 $665.22 $183.27 $285.00 $278.08 $253.50 $324.06 $500.00

Appliances Bedsets Casegoods Installation Closet Rack Coffee Table Connection Device (jack pack, allowance) Desk Desk Chair Desk Task Light Dining Chair Dining Table Dresser TV Dresser End Table (2) End Table Lamp Fireplace Surround & Hearth Floor Lamp Headboards Lounge Chair Nightstand or Bracket Lamp (2) Nightstands (2) Ottoman Sleeper Sofa (incl. fabric) TV (32" LCD) & Mount (incl. programming) Welcome Light (in existing location)
$2,454.62
to
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$4,527.83
$3,214.18
AVERAGE $2,416.67 $480.15 $293.75 $172.50 $140.00 $149.00 $139.47 $101.67 $41.25 $176.61 $221.72 $265.29 $367.19 $137.64 $46.50 $400.00 $41.25 $250.00 $279.00 $89.84 $250.00 $108.00 $474.00 $712.00 $42.00
$1,750.00 $480.15 $150.00 $143.75 $126.00 $149.00 $125.52 $90.00 $37.13 $158.95 $199.55 $238.76 $330.47 $123.88 $41.85 $320.00 $37.13 $225.00 $251.10 $81.56 $225.00 $97.20 $426.60 $712.00 $37.80
$3,000.00 $480.15 $450.00 $201.25 $154.00 $149.00 $153.42 $113.00 $45.38 $194.27 $243.89 $291.82 $403.91 $151.40 $51.15 $480.00 $45.38 $275.00 $306.90 $98.46 $275.00 $118.80 $521.40 $712.00 $46.20
Per Key
$6,558.40
to
$8,961.78
$7,795.50
16


Guest Bathroom Basic Renovation
Artwork (installed) Framed Mirror Paint Ceiling Paint Trim & Door Regrout Floor Tile Regrout Wall Tile Shower Curtain & Curved Rod Toilet Accessories Towel Caddy Vanity Lights (1) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 27") $55.00 $92.50 $17.28 $54.00 $175.00 $450.00 $75.10 $75.00 $125.00 $112.00 $150.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to $80.00 $107.50 $240.00 $175.00 $175.00 $450.00 $280.90 $75.00 $250.00 $227.00 $200.00 AVERAGE $75.00 $100.00 $62.76 $98.00 $175.00 $450.00 $153.97 $75.00 $160.00 $149.34 $170.00
Per Key Guest Bathroom - Add for a Full Renovation

Bathroom Door & Hardware Electrical Upgrades (Decora switches, GFI) Faucet (with supplies, stops, drain) Millwork Vanity Base Porcelain Tile Floor Porcelain Tile Tub Surround Repair / Reglaze Tub Shower Valve & Head, Tub Diverter, Tub Drain y p Stone Vanity Top Low-Flow Toilet
$1,380.88
to
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to
$2,260.40
$1,669.07
AVERAGE $815.00 $63.13 $50.00 $509.60 $632.67 $543.75 $175.00 $207.86 $600.00 $648.81
$815.00 $35.00 $50.00 $378.81 $468.00 $437.50 $175.00 $175.00 $200.00 $460.00
$815.00 $150.00 $50.00 $575.00 $884.00 $850.00 $175.00 $350.00 $750.00 $1,050.00
$3,194.31 $4,575.19
to to
$5,649.00 $7,909.40
$4,245.81 $5,914.89
Per room with each unit 25 feet long by half of a 6-foot-wide corridor; 40 rooms per floor RANGE Artwork (installed) $12.50 to Carpet & Pad $293.08 to Ceiling Pendant Light $5.67 to Furniture $34.88 to Ice Machine $87.50 to Millwork (allowance for elevator lobby) $12.50 to Paint Ceiling $30.00 to Sconce (1 per room) $114.00 to Signage $95.00 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $235.50 to Window Treatments (2 per floor) $10.64 to
$18.75 $375.67 $8.70 $42.63 $87.50 $25.00 $37.50 $229.00 $95.00 $317.25 $13.00
AVERAGE $15.67 $347.90 $6.81 $38.75 $87.50 $18.75 $33.75 $150.72 $95.00 $279.75 $11.82
$931.27
to
$1,249.99
$1,086.42
17


Breakfast Area: approximately 40' x 35' = 1,400 SF; Seats: 50
Breakfast Area Softgoods Renovation

Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Carpet & Pad (80% of floor area) Millwork Buffet Refinish New Acoustical Tile Ceiling (50% of ceiling area) Paint Trim Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Window Treatments (3) $1,400.00 $4,868.27 $300.00 $3,150.00 $135.00 $2,752.74 $1,101.66 RANGE to to to to to to to $2,800.00 $6,145.07 $500.00 $8,400.00 $537.00 $3,530.96 $1,346.46 AVERAGE $1,800.00 $5,400.00 $396.43 $5,600.00 $271.25 $3,112.76 $1,224.16
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat Breakfast Area - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Artwork (installed) Booths (18 seats, 54 LF) Buffet Equipment Chairs (32) Decorative Lighting (6 sconces, 6 pendants) Millwork Buffet Reface Electrical Hard Surface Floors (20% of floor area) HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Running Trim (painted crown & base) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling (50% of ceiling area) Tables (36" square + base, 8) Walls (drywall with vinyl wallcovering, 40% openings) TV (32") & Mount $18,000.00
$13,707.67 $9.79 $274.15
to to to
$23,259.49 $16.61 $465.19
$17,804.60 $12.72 $356.09
$4,200.00 $103.50 $9,450.00 $15,000.00 $8,640.00 $3,318.00 $3,600.00 $4,200.00 $10,080.00 $7,000.00 $3,500.00 $4,200.00 $2,700.00 $5,260.00 $1,245.60 $18,000.00 $812.00
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$7,000.00 $126.50 $12,150.00 $30,000.00 $10,560.00 $4,978.80 $13,200.00 $16,800.00 $19,040.00 $14,000.00 $10,878.00 $14,000.00 $16,200.00 $8,675.00 $1,522.40 $18,000.00 $812.00
AVERAGE $4,900.00 $115.00 $10,305.00 $22,500.00 $9,600.00 $3,856.20 $8,700.00 $10,150.00 $13,860.00 $10,648.75 $6,784.75 $9,275.00 $6,890.63 $6,375.00 $1,384.00 $18,000.00 $812.00
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat Bar / Lounge
$101,309.10 $72.36 $2,026.18
to to to
$197,942.70 $141.39 $3,958.85
$144,156.33 $102.97 $2,883.13
There are typically no Bar / Lounge Areas in Extended Stay-tier hotels.
18


Kitchen / Pantry
Kitchen Area: approximately 8' x 10' = 80 SF Ceiling (2' x 4' vinyl coated tiles & new grid) Demolition Fluorescent Lighting (2' x 4", 2 fixtures) Paint Door Frames & Trim Paint Walls Quarry Tile Floor Replace Doors $240.00 $500.00 $600.00 $175.00 $129.60 $800.00 $1,500.00 RANGE to to to to to to to $480.00 $750.00 $600.00 $175.00 $216.00 $1,200.00 $1,500.00 AVERAGE $373.33 $600.00 $600.00 $175.00 $163.20 $986.67 $1,500.00
Subtotal Total per SF Kitchen Equipment Subtotal Total per SF
$3,944.60 $49.31
to to
$4,921.00 $61.51
$4,398.20 $54.98
$10,000.00 $125.00
to to
$15,000.00 $187.50
$12,500.00 $156.25
Function Space
Meeting Room Area: 24' x 23' = 552 SF
Meeting Rooms & Prefunction Softgoods Renovation

Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Carpet & Pad New Acoustical Tile Ceiling Paint Trim & Doors (allowance) Protect / Remove / Reinstall All Light Fixtures Stack Chairs (50) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Window Treatments (1) $552.00 $2,399.36 $1,242.00 $220.00 $375.00 $2,000.00 $1,482.41 $558.40 RANGE to to to to to to to to $1,242.00 $3,028.64 $3,312.00 $600.00 $375.00 $4,000.00 $1,950.33 $682.48 AVERAGE $707.25 $2,669.92 $2,173.50 $333.33 $375.00 $3,000.00 $1,633.99 $620.44
Subtotal Total per SF Meeting Rooms & Prefunction - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Artwork (installed) Electrical HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Serving Station
$8,829.17 $15.99
to to
RANGE to to to to to to to
$15,190.45 $27.52
$11,513.43 $20.86
AVERAGE $1,200.00 $73.50 $3,220.00 $3,850.20 $2,623.58 $3,666.86 $3,600.00
$1,000.00 $66.15 $1,656.00 $2,760.00 $1,104.00 $1,656.00 $3,600.00
$1,500.00 $80.85 $4,416.00 $4,968.00 $4,289.04 $5,520.00 $3,600.00
$11,842.15 $21.45
to to
$24,373.89 $44.16
$18,234.13 $33.03
19

Function Space (continued)

Meeting Room Audio Visual Subtotal Board Rooms
There are typically no Board Rooms in Extended Stay-tier hotels.
$2,500.00
to
$2,500.00
$2,500.00
Fitness Room Softgoods Renovation
Fitness Room Area: approximately 20' x 21' = 420 SF Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet New Acoustical Tile Ceiling Artwork (installed) Clock Sport Floor Mirrors Paint Drywall Walls Paint Trim & Doors (allowance) Remove & Reinstall Exercise Equipment Window Treatments $420.00 $945.00 $66.15 $75.00 $3,780.00 $2,400.00 $242.72 $750.00 $500.00 $360.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to $945.00 $2,520.00 $80.85 $75.00 $5,460.00 $4,000.00 $360.80 $750.00 $1,500.00 $440.00 AVERAGE $555.00 $1,680.00 $73.50 $75.00 $4,690.00 $3,771.43 $306.45 $750.00 $1,000.00 $400.00
Subtotal Total per SF Fitness Room - Add for a Full Renovation

Electrical Exercise Equipment HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting TVs (32") & Mounts (2) Water Fountain
$9,538.87 $22.71
to to
$16,131.65 $38.41
$13,301.37 $31.67
$2,100.00 $4,189.50 $2,100.00 $840.00 $1,260.00 $1,624.00 $342.19
$5,040.00 $5,120.50 $3,780.00 $3,263.40 $4,200.00 $1,624.00 $375.00
AVERAGE $3,430.00 $4,655.00 $3,051.00 $1,996.20 $2,790.00 $1,624.00 $355.73
$12,455.69 $29.66
to to
$23,402.90 $55.72
$17,901.93 $42.62
20

Recreational Facilities (continued)

Indoor Pool
Pool Area: approximately 15' x 30' = 450 SF; Deck Area: approximately 1,300 SF New Acoustical Tile Ceiling with Aluminum Grid ADA Lift Architectural Lighting Paint Door Frames & Trim Pool Deck Tile Pool Equipment Pool Furniture Pool Pak HVAC Replace Doors Resurface Pool Bottom Signage Paint Drywall Walls (40% of wall area) Wall Tile (60% of wall area) $5,687.50 $7,500.00 $8,750.00 $500.00 $11,700.00 $8,000.00 $4,983.00 $60,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,700.00 $1,000.00 $408.00 $9,180.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to $12,250.00 $7,500.00 $17,500.00 $900.00 $19,500.00 $8,000.00 $6,537.00 $60,000.00 $3,500.00 $2,700.00 $1,000.00 $1,785.00 $15,300.00 AVERAGE $8,859.38 $7,500.00 $14,250.00 $662.50 $15,228.57 $8,000.00 $5,866.67 $60,000.00 $3,000.00 $2,700.00 $1,000.00 $1,220.60 $12,240.00
$122,908.50 $70.23
to to
$156,472.00 $89.41
$140,527.71 $80.30
Infrastructure
Outdoor Parking g
Clean & Seal Asphalt Stripe Spaces $33,665.63 $1,837.50 RANGE to to $56,109.38 $8,750.00 AVERAGE $44,887.50 $3,325.00
$35,503.13 $202.88
to to
$64,859.38 $370.63
$48,212.50 $275.50
21
2010
MIDSCALE
HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010 MIDSCALE


Assume typical guestroom area of approximately 13' wide and 21' - 6" long, plus 6' x 8' bathroom and 5' x 6' entry area = 351 SF.

Demolition Artwork & Mirrors (installed) Bedspread & Skirt Carpet & Pad Carpet Base Paint Entry Doors, Closet Doors, Frames, & Grilles Paint Textured Ceiling Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Window Treatments $175.00 $450.00 $80.00 $485.92 $80.20 $110.00 $84.60 $716.23 $550.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to $450.00 $540.00 $225.00 $731.45 $84.60 $500.00 $423.00 $996.93 $630.00 AVERAGE $299.00 $495.00 $131.00 $573.18 $81.80 $285.00 $156.72 $818.31 $595.00

TV Chest of Drawers Bedsets Casegoods Installation Closet Rack Connection Device (jack pack, allowance) Desk Desk Chair Desk Task Light Dresser End Table End Table Lamp Floor Lamp Headboards Lounge Chair Mini Bar (case piece only) Nightstand or Bracket Lamp (2) Nightstands (2) Ottoman Sleeper Sofa (incl. fabric) Task Chair TV (32" LCD) & Mount (incl. programming) Welcome Light (in existing location)
$2,731.95
to
$4,580.98
$3,435.01
$400.00 $560.00 $400.00 $125.00 $149.00 $178.00 $170.10 $46.00 $278.95 $150.00 $48.00 $62.00 $400.00 $315.00 $181.47 $109.50 $350.00 $109.70 $561.00 $200.00 $712.00 $107.55
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$449.50 $578.40 $900.00 $175.00 $149.00 $487.01 $198.00 $71.10 $573.63 $180.00 $67.50 $68.20 $449.10 $361.90 $300.00 $120.46 $406.68 $120.67 $675.00 $269.10 $712.00 $213.80
AVERAGE $429.83 $566.13 $680.00 $153.33 $149.00 $286.94 $182.70 $55.90 $386.48 $165.00 $56.10 $65.90 $429.70 $335.30 $253.47 $115.66 $380.56 $115.43 $617.70 $229.70 $712.00 $146.84
Per Key
$5,613.27
to
$7,526.05
$6,513.68
24


Artwork (installed) Framed Mirror Paint Ceiling Paint Trim & Door Regrout Floor Tile Regrout Wall Tile Shower Curtain & Curved Rod Toilet Accessories Towel Caddy Vanity Lights (2) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 27") $55.00 $125.00 $14.40 $54.00 $175.00 $450.00 $75.10 $500.00 $90.00 $224.00 $249.49 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to $80.00 $178.00 $28.80 $175.00 $175.00 $450.00 $280.90 $1,200.00 $125.00 $454.00 $335.97 AVERAGE $75.00 $154.33 $20.40 $98.00 $175.00 $450.00 $153.97 $733.33 $106.95 $298.69 $301.50

Bathroom Door & Hardware Electrical Upgrades (Decora switches, GFI) Faucet (with supplies, stops, drain) Millwork Vanity Base Porcelain Tile Floor Porcelain Tile Tub Surround Repair / Reglaze Tub Shower Valve & Head, Tub Diverter, Tub Drain Stone Vanity Top Low-Flow Toilet
$2,011.99
to
$3,482.67
$2,567.17
AVERAGE $815.00 $63.13 $392.50 $532.40 $508.75 $539.06 $175.00 $921.50 $712.50 $648.81
$815.00 $35.00 $245.00 $450.00 $352.00 $400.00 $175.00 $750.00 $350.00 $460.00
$815.00 $150.00 $525.00 $585.00 $880.00 $1,000.00 $175.00 $1,093.00 $1,500.00 $1,050.00
$4,032.00 $6,043.99
to to
$7,773.00 $11,255.67
$5,308.65 $7,875.82
Per room with each unit 13 feet long and half of a 6-foot-wide corridor; 27 rooms per floor RANGE Artwork (installed) $18.31 to Carpet & Pad $161.72 to Ceiling Pendant Light $130.00 to Furniture $58.33 to Ice Machine $87.50 to Millwork (allowance for elevator lobby) $18.52 to Paint Ceiling $11.70 to Sconce (1 per room) $134.00 to Signage $95.00 to Vending Area $52.63 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $141.02 to Window Treatments (1) $21.67 to
$27.78 $200.11 $187.50 $71.30 $87.50 $37.04 $29.25 $258.90 $130.00 $78.95 $189.90 $26.48
AVERAGE $23.14 $178.13 $146.80 $64.81 $87.50 $26.54 $17.06 $171.22 $113.33 $65.79 $167.63 $24.07
$930.40
to
$1,324.70
$1,086.03
25


Restaurant Softgoods Renovation
Restaurant Area: approximately 36' x 36' = 1,296 SF; Seats: 50 Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Carpet & Pad (80% of floor area) Millwork Buffet, Host Station Refinish New Acoustical Tile Ceiling (70% of ceiling area) Paint Coffered Drywall Ceiling (30% of ceiling area) Paint Trim Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54", 40% openings) Window Treatments (8) $1,296.00 $4,953.60 $7,700.00 $2,041.20 $116.64 $64.80 $871.89 $3,592.80 RANGE to to to to to to to to $2,916.00 $6,392.45 $16,050.00 $5,443.20 $777.60 $187.20 $1,204.48 $4,391.20 AVERAGE $1,822.50 $5,516.93 $11,518.75 $3,742.20 $285.12 $111.24 $1,065.14 $3,992.00
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat Restaurant - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Artwork (10 pieces, installed) Booths (18 seats / 54LF) Buffet Equipment Chairs (32) Decorative Lighting (10 sconces, 10 pendants) Electrical Hard Surface Floors (20% of floor area) HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Buffet, Host Station Reface Millwork Running Trim (painted crown & base) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling (30% of ceiling area) Tables (36" square + base, 18) Walls (drywall with vinyl wallcovering, 40% openings)
$20,636.93 $15.92 $412.74
to to to
$37,362.13 $28.83 $747.24
$28,053.88 $21.65 $561.08
$3,888.00 $1,350.00 $9,450.00 $15,000.00 $10,080.00 $5,387.80 $3,888.00 $2,332.80 $6,480.00 $2,592.00 $3,888.00 $9,000.00 $864.00 $4,285.60 $6,458.40 $21,600.00
$6,480.00 $1,650.00 $12,150.00 $30,000.00 $12,320.00 $5,851.60 $15,552.00 $5,184.00 $12,960.00 $10,044.00 $12,960.00 $33,000.00 $5,184.00 $5,873.20 $7,893.60 $21,600.00
AVERAGE $5,346.00 $1,500.00 $10,305.00 $22,500.00 $11,200.00 $5,601.04 $9,031.50 $4,110.17 $9,857.70 $6,196.50 $8,586.00 $21,750.00 $2,205.00 $5,213.05 $7,176.00 $21,600.00
$106,544.60 $82.21 $2,130.89
to to to
$198,702.40 $153.32 $3,974.05
$152,177.96 $117.42 $3,043.56
26


Bar / Lounge Softgoods Renovation
Bar Area: approximately 24' x 30' = 720 SF; Seats: 36 Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Carpet & Pad (80% of floor area) New Acoustical Tile Ceiling (50% of ceiling area) Paint Drywall Portion of Ceiling (50% of ceiling area) Paint Trim & Doors Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54", 40% openings) Window Treatments (6) $720.00 $2,943.36 $810.00 $144.00 $1,500.00 $1,057.92 $3,592.80 RANGE to to to to to to to $1,620.00 $3,697.28 $2,160.00 $432.00 $1,500.00 $1,355.52 $4,391.20 AVERAGE $922.50 $3,417.92 $1,417.50 $222.00 $1,500.00 $1,216.20 $3,992.00
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat Bar / Lounge - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Bar / Back Bar Reface (10') Bar Stools (8) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling (50% of ceiling area) Chairs (28) Communal Table Chairs (12) Communal Tables (2 @ 6 seats) Decorative Lighting (8 pendants, 8 sconces) Electrical Hard Surface Floors (20% of floor area) HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Running Trim (painted crown & base) Signage Tables (30" rounds, 9) Walls (drywall with vinyl wallcovering, 40% openings) Artwork (10 pieces)
$10,768.08 $14.96 $299.11
to to to
$15,156.00 $21.05 $421.00
$12,688.12 $17.62 $352.45
$2,160.00 $6,000.00 $2,320.00 $2,520.00 $8,820.00 $3,480.00 $5,800.00 $4,310.24 $2,160.00 $1,296.00 $3,600.00 $1,440.00 $2,160.00 $378.00 $845.00 $2,421.90 $16,200.00 $1,350.00
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$3,600.00 $19,900.00 $2,800.00 $10,800.00 $10,780.00 $4,200.00 $13,000.00 $4,801.28 $8,640.00 $2,448.00 $7,200.00 $5,594.40 $7,200.00 $2,160.00 $1,500.00 $2,960.10 $16,200.00 $1,650.00
AVERAGE $3,060.00 $11,612.50 $2,560.00 $5,107.50 $9,809.33 $3,840.00 $8,600.00 $4,497.98 $5,220.00 $1,782.00 $5,476.50 $3,534.30 $4,770.00 $1,238.14 $1,115.00 $2,691.00 $16,200.00 $1,500.00
$67,261.14 $93.42 $1,868.37
to to to
$125,433.78 $174.21 $3,484.27
$92,614.25 $128.63 $2,572.62
27


Kitchen
Kitchen Area: approximately 40' x 40' = 1,600 SF Demolition Ceiling (2' x 4" vinyl coated tiles & new grid) Fluorescent Lighting (2' x 4', 10 fixtures) Paint Door Frames & Trim Paint Walls Quarry Tile Floor Replace Doors $9,600.00 $3,600.00 $950.00 $450.00 $592.00 $11,200.00 $3,750.00 RANGE to to to to to to to $9,600.00 $12,800.00 $3,000.00 $525.00 $1,200.00 $27,200.00 $4,500.00 AVERAGE $9,600.00 $7,828.57 $1,953.13 $515.63 $804.00 $16,490.00 $4,406.25
$30,142.00 $18.84
to to
$58,825.00 $36.77
$41,597.57 $26.00
$100,000.00 $62.50
to to
$150,000.00 $93.75
$125,000.00 $78.13
Function Space
Meeting Room Area: 3 rooms at approximately 26' x 38' each = 2,964 SF Prefunction Area: approximately 15' x 50' = 750 SF; Total Meeting Room & Prefunction Area = 3,714 SF

Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Carpet & Pad New Acoustical Tile Ceiling (80% of ceiling area) Paint Drywall Portion of Ceiling (20% of ceiling area) Paint Trim & Doors Protect / Remove / Reinstall All Light Fixtures Stack Chairs (125) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Window Treatments (6) $3,714.00 $16,205.42 $5,571.00 $371.40 $1,575.00 $600.00 $10,000.00 $6,135.70 $4,314.60 RANGE to to to to to to to to to $8,356.50 $20,831.41 $17,827.20 $9,285.00 $1,575.00 $600.00 $12,500.00 $6,848.30 $5,273.40 AVERAGE $4,758.56 $17,915.41 $11,281.28 $2,007.88 $1,575.00 $600.00 $11,250.00 $6,520.65 $4,794.00
$48,487.12 $13.06
to to
$83,096.81 $22.37
$60,702.77 $16.34
28


Meeting Rooms & Prefunction - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Artwork (9 pieces, installed) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling (20% of ceiling area) Decorative Lighting (12 small chandeliers, 6 sconces) Electrical HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Running Trim (painted crown & base) Millwork Serving Stations $11,142.00 $1,035.00 $3,714.00 $5,896.80 $11,142.00 $7,428.00 $11,142.00 $11,142.00 $5,418.00 $19,500.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to $18,570.00 $1,314.00 $11,142.00 $7,009.20 $44,568.00 $29,712.00 $28,857.78 $37,140.00 $30,960.00 $27,000.00 AVERAGE $15,784.50 $1,188.00 $7,219.09 $6,268.65 $25,881.94 $21,712.97 $18,927.47 $24,605.25 $16,771.17 $23,000.00
Subtotal Total per SF Meeting Room Audio Visual Total Board Rooms
Included in Meeting Spaces
$87,559.80 $23.58
to to
$236,272.98 $63.62
$161,359.04 $43.45
$12,500.00
to
$15,000.00
$14,687.50
Fitness Room Area: approximately 20' x 21' = 420 SF Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet New Acoustical Tile Ceiling Artwork (installed) Clock Sport Floor Mirrors Paint Trim & Doors (allowance) Paint Drywall Walls Remove & Reinstall Exercise Equipment Towel Caddy Window Treatments $420.00 $945.00 $437.40 $75.00 $2,940.00 $4,000.00 $750.00 $242.72 $500.00 $250.00 $810.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to $945.00 $1,470.00 $534.60 $75.00 $5,040.00 $4,000.00 $750.00 $360.80 $1,500.00 $750.00 $990.00 AVERAGE $538.13 $1,323.00 $486.00 $75.00 $4,270.00 $4,000.00 $750.00 $306.45 $1,000.00 $500.00 $900.00
$11,370.12 $27.07
to to
$16,415.40 $39.08
$14,148.57 $33.69
29


Fitness Room - Add for a Full Renovation
Electrical Exercise Equipment HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting TV (42") & Mount Water Fountain $1,260.00 $4,499.50 $2,100.00 $1,260.00 $1,260.00 $999.00 $1,500.00 RANGE to to to to to to to $5,040.00 $5,498.90 $4,200.00 $2,520.00 $4,200.00 $999.00 $1,500.00 AVERAGE $2,926.88 $4,999.13 $3,194.63 $1,837.50 $2,782.50 $999.00 $1,500.00
Subtotal Total per SF Indoor Pool
$12,878.50 $30.66
to to
$23,957.90 $57.04
$18,239.63 $43.43
Pool Area: approximately 15' x 30' = 450 SF; Deck Area: approximately 1,300 SF New Acoustical Tile Ceiling with Aluminum Grid ADA Lift Architectural Lighting Paint Door Frames & Trim Pool Deck Tile Pool Equipment Pool Furniture (12 chairs, 5 loungers, 3 tables) Pool Pak HVAC Replace Doors Resurface Pool Bottom Signage Paint Drywall Walls (60% of wall area) Wall Tile (40% of wall area) $5,687.50 $7,500.00 $8,750.00 $500.00 $11,700.00 $8,000.00 $5,472.00 $65,000.00 $2,500.00 , $2,700.00 $1,000.00 $377.40 $5,950.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to $12,250.00 $7,500.00 $21,000.00 $900.00 $22,100.00 $8,000.00 $6,904.00 $65,000.00 $3,500.00 , $2,700.00 $1,000.00 $765.00 $11,560.00 AVERAGE $8,859.38 $7,500.00 $15,093.75 $662.50 $16,087.50 $8,000.00 $6,152.00 $65,000.00 $3,000.00 , $2,700.00 $1,000.00 $518.93 $8,317.25
$125,136.90 $71.51
to to
$163,179.00 $93.25
$142,891.30 $81.65
Infrastructure
Outdoor Parking
$30,431.25 $202.88
to to
$55,593.75 $370.63
$41,325.00 $275.50
30
2010
UPSCALE
HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010 UPSCALE
Prototype Hotel: 304 guestrooms, 9 stories (8 with guestrooms), 38 rooms/floor



Demolition Artwork & Mirrors (lots of 4 pieces, installed) Bedspread, Scarf, & Skirt Carpet & Pad Carpet Base Desk Lamp Floor Lamp Nightstand or Bracket Lamp (2) Paint Entry Doors, Closet Doors, Frames, & Grilles Paint Textured Ceiling Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Welcome Light (in existing location) Window Treatments $175.00 $600.00 $225.00 $511.34 $96.60 $71.10 $67.50 $175.00 $300.00 $105.00 $820.44 $43.75 $630.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to $450.00 $1,204.00 $275.00 $780.09 $106.40 $86.90 $82.50 $286.22 $500.00 $375.00 $1,104.44 $108.90 $770.00 AVERAGE $315.00 $757.33 $250.00 $604.21 $100.33 $79.00 $75.00 $220.41 $412.50 $237.50 $943.20 $76.79 $700.00

TV Chest of Drawers Bedsets Casegoods Installation Closet Shelf Unit Coffee Table Connection Device (jack pack) Console / Dresser Desk Desk Chair End Table (2) Headboards Lounge Chair Nightstands (2) Ottoman Sleeper Sofa (incl. fabric) Task Chair TV (32" LCD) & Mount (incl. programming)
$3,820.74
to
$6,129.46
$4,771.27
$449.10 $578.40 $150.00 $160.00 $167.49 $149.00 $573.63 $487.01 $170.10 $360.00 $449.10 $315.00 $406.68 $115.92 $675.00 $269.10 $712.00
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$548.90 $578.40 $600.00 $275.00 $204.71 $149.00 $701.11 $595.23 $207.90 $440.00 $548.90 $385.00 $497.04 $141.68 $825.00 $328.90 $712.00
AVERAGE $499.00 $578.40 $331.25 $206.67 $186.10 $149.00 $637.37 $541.12 $189.00 $400.00 $499.00 $350.00 $451.86 $128.80 $750.00 $299.00 $712.00
Per Key
$6,187.53
to
$7,738.77
$6,908.57
32


Artwork (installed) Framed Mirror Makeup Mirror Night Light Paint Ceiling Paint Trim & Door Regrout Floor Tile Regrout Wall Tile Shower Curtain, Curved Rod, Rings, Cover Toilet Accessories Vanity Lights (or lighted mirror) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 27") $44.25 $160.00 $62.10 $60.00 $14.40 $54.00 $175.00 $450.00 $75.10 $600.00 $114.30 $271.30 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to $171.75 $233.00 $125.00 $260.00 $28.80 $175.00 $275.00 $600.00 $280.90 $850.00 $234.70 $354.92 AVERAGE $74.33 $183.00 $83.00 $137.92 $18.87 $98.00 $191.67 $475.00 $132.36 $740.00 $151.79 $306.16

Bathroom Door & Hardware Electrical Upgrades (Decora switches, GFI) Faucet (with supplies, stops, drain) Lavatory Millwork Vanity Base Porcelain Tile Floor Porcelain Tile Tub Surround Replace Tub Shower Valve & Head, Tub Diverter, Tub Drain Stone Vanity Top Low-Flow Toilet
$2,080.45
to
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to
$3,589.07
$2,592.10
AVERAGE $766.67 $67.50 $437.50 $158.50 $831.75 $315.00 $562.50 $925.50 $647.67 $541.67 $669.25 $669 25
$635.00 $35.00 $275.00 $45.00 $450.00 $224.00 $400.00 $550.00 $480.00 $270.00 $460.00 $460 00
$850.00 $150.00 $625.00 $450.00 $1,800.00 $560.00 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 $913.00 $920.00 $1,050.00 $1 050 00
$3,824.00 $5,904.45
to to
$9,818.00 $13,407.07
$5,923.50 $8,515.60
Per room with each unit 13 feet long and half of a 6-foot-wide corridor; 38 rooms per floor RANGE Artwork (installed) $13.16 to Carpet & Pad $182.98 to Ceiling Pendant Light $7.24 to Furniture $125.94 to Ice Machine $73.68 to Millwork (allowance for elevator lobby) $39.47 to Paint Ceiling $11.70 to Sconce (1 per room) $141.85 to Signage $50.00 to Vending Area $52.63 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $188.32 to Window Treatments (2 per floor) $37.89 to
$18.42 $252.31 $7.24 $139.49 $73.68 $65.79 $28.35 $215.00 $70.00 $78.95 $242.20 $46.32
AVERAGE $15.79 $214.56 $7.24 $133.26 $73.68 $50.99 $21.25 $173.81 $60.00 $65.79 $208.56 $42.11
$924.86
to
$1,237.75
$1,067.04
33


Restaurant Area: approximately 50' x 60' = 3,000 SF; Seats: 120 Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Artwork (installed) Carpet & Pad (80% of floor area) Millwork Buffet, Host Station Refinish New Acoustical Tile Ceiling (70% of ceiling area) Paint Drywall Portion of Ceiling (30% of ceiling area) Paint Trim & Doors (6) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54", 40% openings) Window Treatments (12) $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $12,264.00 $12,700.00 $4,725.00 $270.00 $300.00 $2,014.55 $14,040.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to $6,750.00 $10,000.00 $15,405.33 $27,700.00 $7,875.00 $450.00 $900.00 $2,467.59 $17,160.00 AVERAGE $4,125.00 $6,333.33 $14,313.33 $23,383.33 $6,825.00 $378.00 $630.00 $2,217.44 $15,600.00
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat Restaurant - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Booths (20 seats / 60LF) Buffet Equipment Chairs (105) Decorative Lighting / Dimming Electrical Hard Surface Floors (20% of floor area) HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Buffet, Host Station (new, in existing location) Millwork Running Trim (painted crown & base) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling (30% of ceiling area) Sound System Tables (36" square + base) Walls (drywall with vinyl wallcovering, 40% openings)
$52,313.55 $17.44 $435.95
to to to
$88,707.92 $29.57 $739.23
$73,805.44 $24.60 $615.05
$9,000.00 $10,500.00 $20,000.00 $37,800.00 $7,500.00 $9,000.00 $5,400.00 $24,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 $32,000.00 $1,540.00 $9,550.00 $7,500.00 $9,891.00 $33,000.00
$15,000.00 $13,500.00 $35,000.00 $46,200.00 $40,000.00 $36,000.00 $12,000.00 $45,000.00 $23,310.00 $30,000.00 $51,500.00 $7,040.00 $11,225.00 $30,000.00 $12,075.00 $33,000.00
AVERAGE $11,500.00 $11,450.00 $28,333.33 $42,000.00 $20,625.00 $17,850.00 $10,320.00 $30,510.00 $16,385.00 $21,500.00 $41,083.33 $4,418.33 $10,450.00 $18,125.00 $10,985.33 $33,000.00
$234,681.00 $78.23 $1,955.68
to to to
$440,850.00 $146.95 $3,673.75
$328,535.33 $109.51 $2,737.79
34


Bar / Lounge Softgoods Renovation
Bar / Lounge Area: approximately 40' x 40' = 1,600 SF; Seats: 80 Demolition of Vinyl, Carpet, & Ceiling Tiles Artwork, Accessories, Mirrors (installed) Bar / Back Bar Refinish (incl. equipment) Carpet & Pad (80% of floor area) Millwork Running Trim Refinish New Acoustical Tile Ceiling & Grid (40% of ceiling area) Paint Drywall Portion of Ceiling (60% of ceiling area) Paint Trim & Doors Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54", 40% openings) Window Treatments (8) $3,200.00 $5,000.00 $10,000.00 $6,540.80 $240.00 $1,440.00 $288.00 $500.00 $2,197.69 $4,000.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to $3,200.00 $15,000.00 $21,000.00 $8,216.18 $1,718.40 $2,400.00 $720.00 $500.00 $2,691.91 $8,000.00 AVERAGE $3,200.00 $10,000.00 $14,166.67 $7,562.67 $899.20 $2,080.00 $464.00 $500.00 $2,419.02 $6,000.00
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat Bar / Lounge - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Bar / Back Bar (new, incl. equipment, in existing location) Bar Stools (16) Booths (4 seats) Chairs (52) Communal Table Chairs (12) Communal Tables (2 @ 6 seats) Decorative Lighting Electrical Hard Surface Floors (20% of floor area) HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Running Trim (stained crown & base) New Coffered Drywall Ceiling (2-level, 60% of ceiling area) Signage Sound System Tables (36" square + base, 11) Walls (drywall with vinyl wallcovering, 40% openings)
$33,406.49 $20.88 $417.58
to to to
$63,446.49 $39.65 $793.08
$47,291.56 $29.56 $591.14
$4,800.00 $95,000.00 $402.50 $5,250.00 $18,720.00 $4,830.00 $5,800.00 $5,000.00 $4,800.00 $5,760.00 $9,600.00 $4,800.00 $4,800.00 $9,600.00 $12,800.00 $845.00 $10,000.00 $3,108.60 $32,000.00
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$9,600.00 $140,000.00 $487.50 $12,000.00 $22,880.00 $5,850.00 $13,000.00 $15,000.00 $25,600.00 $16,000.00 $16,000.00 $12,400.00 $19,200.00 $57,600.00 $40,000.00 $1,500.00 $30,000.00 $3,799.40 $32,000.00
AVERAGE $6,933.33 $116,208.33 $445.00 $7,550.00 $20,800.00 $5,340.00 $8,600.00 $10,000.00 $13,533.33 $9,200.00 $13,293.33 $8,733.33 $12,133.33 $27,280.00 $24,800.00 $1,115.00 $20,000.00 $3,454.00 $32,000.00
$237,916.10 $148.70 $2,973.95
to to to
$472,916.90 $295.57 $5,911.46
$341,419.00 $213.39 $4,267.74
35


Kitchen
Kitchen Area: approximately 60' x 70' = 4,200 SF, including banquet prep Demolition Ceiling (2' x 4' vinyl coated tiles & new grid) Fluorescent Lighting (2' x 4', 28 fixtures) Paint Door Frames & Trim (10) Paint Walls Quarry Tile Floor Replace Doors (10) $16,800.00 $14,700.00 $6,300.00 $400.00 $2,080.00 $29,400.00 $9,500.00 RANGE to to to to to to to $33,600.00 $33,600.00 $11,200.00 $5,000.00 $3,900.00 $54,600.00 $37,500.00 AVERAGE $23,800.00 $25,550.00 $7,560.00 $1,625.00 $2,643.33 $40,068.00 $23,666.67
$79,180.00 $18.85
to to
$179,400.00 $42.71
$124,913.00 $29.74
$350,000.00 $83.33
to to
$500,000.00 $119.05
$425,000.00 $101.19
Function Space
Ballroom & Prefunction Softgoods Renovation
Ballroom Area: approximately 75' x 114' = 8,550 SF; Divisions: 3 Prefunction Area: approximately 25' x 114' = 2,850 SF; Total Ballroom & Prefunction Area: 11,400 SF RANGE Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet $11,400.00 to Carpet & Pad $58,254.00 to New Acoustical Tile Ceiling (70% of ceiling area) $17,955.00 to Paint Coffered Drywall Ceiling (30% of ceiling area) $1,026.00 to Paint Ballroom Entry Doors & Trim $800.00 to Protect / Remove / Reinstall All Light Fixtures $5,000.00 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $39,952.15 to Window Treatments (4) $4,000.00 to
$25,650.00 $73,175.33 $29,925.00 $2,565.00 $2,160.00 $5,000.00 $48,936.70 $6,000.00
AVERAGE $15,675.00 $67,355.00 $25,935.00 $1,653.00 $1,413.33 $5,000.00 $43,997.18 $5,000.00
$138,387.15 $12.14
to to
$193,412.03 $16.97
$166,028.52 $14.56
36


Ballroom & Prefunction - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Artwork, Accessories, Mirrors (allowance, installed) Banquet Chairs (incl. Meeting Rooms, 1,225 chairs) New Coffered Drywall Ceiling (30% of ceiling area) Electrical HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Serving Stations with Stone Tops Millwork Running Trim (stained poplar - 3 runs) Operable Walls (new, manual) Portable Bars (6) Signage Tables (14" x 72", 153 total) Tables (72" rounds, 60 total) $34,200.00 $23,650.00 $134,750.00 $27,360.00 $34,200.00 $68,400.00 $34,200.00 $34,200.00 $8,910.00 $16,464.00 $175,500.00 $10,200.00 $16,000.00 $22,950.00 $13,200.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to $88,578.00 $35,000.00 $153,125.00 $51,300.00 $114,000.00 $114,000.00 $88,578.00 $114,000.00 $59,700.00 $37,730.00 $195,000.00 $41,274.00 $25,000.00 $34,425.00 $21,000.00 AVERAGE $62,263.00 $29,550.00 $142,916.67 $38,190.00 $76,950.00 $94,715.00 $64,163.00 $76,950.00 $39,935.00 $25,382.00 $179,156.25 $23,158.00 $20,333.33 $29,325.00 $17,400.00
Subtotal Total per SF Ballroom Audio Visual Subtotal Meeting Room & Prefunction Softgoods Renovation
$654,184.00 $57.38
to $1,172,710.00 to $102.87
$920,387.25 $80.74
$70,000.00
to
$125,000.00
$98,333.33
Meeting Room Area: 6 rooms at approximately 20 x 25 each = 500 SF; 3,000 SF total 20' 25' 3 000 Prefunction Area: approximately 960 SF RANGE Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet $3,960.00 to Carpet & Pad $20,235.60 to New Acoustical Tile Ceiling (70% of ceiling area) $8,316.00 to Paint Drywall Portion of Ceiling (30% of ceiling area) $356.40 to Paint Trim & Doors (12) $1,500.00 to Protect / Remove / Reinstall Decorative Light Fixtures $6,900.00 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $15,841.67 to
$8,910.00 $25,418.80 $10,395.00 $5,940.00 $3,240.00 $6,900.00 $19,404.19
AVERAGE $5,445.00 $23,617.00 $9,355.50 $1,465.20 $2,210.00 $6,900.00 $17,437.12
$57,109.67 $14.42
to to
$80,207.99 $20.25
$66,429.82 $16.78
37


Meeting Room & Prefunction - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Artwork, Accessories, Mirrors (installed) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling (30% of ceiling area) Electrical HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting (incl. decorative lighting) Millwork Running Trim (painted crown & base) Millwork Serving Stations $11,880.00 $4,500.00 $9,504.00 $11,880.00 $23,760.00 $11,880.00 $11,880.00 $3,780.00 $8,910.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to $23,760.00 $10,000.00 $17,820.00 $47,520.00 $39,600.00 $30,769.20 $39,600.00 $27,000.00 $59,700.00 AVERAGE $18,216.00 $7,333.33 $13,266.00 $26,895.00 $32,901.00 $21,628.20 $26,730.00 $17,100.00 $39,935.00
Subtotal Total per SF Meeting Room Audio Visual (6 salons) Subtotal Board Rooms
$97,974.00 $24.74
to to
$295,769.20 $74.69
$204,004.53 $51.52
$90,000.00
to
$300,000.00
$190,000.00
Fitness Room Area: approximately 20 x 36 = 720 SF 20' 36' Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet New Acoustical Tile Ceiling Artwork (installed) Clock Sport Floor Hamper Mirrors Paint Trim & Doors (2) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Remove & Reinstall Exercise Equipment Towel Caddy Window Treatments $720.00 $1,620.00 $1,500.00 $75.00 $8,280.00 $75.00 $4,000.00 $100.00 $1,315.51 $500.00 $250.00 $700.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to $1,620.00 $2,700.00 $2,500.00 $75.00 $9,360.00 $125.00 $4,800.00 $500.00 $1,607.53 $2,000.00 $1,500.00 $2,000.00 AVERAGE $990.00 $2,340.00 $2,000.00 $75.00 $8,760.00 $100.00 $4,160.00 $287.50 $1,238.41 $1,250.00 $750.00 $1,117.50
$19,135.51 $26.58
to to
$28,787.53 $39.98
$23,068.41 $32.04
38


Fitness Room - Add for a Full Renovation
Electrical Exercise Equipment HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting TVs (32" LCDs) & Mounts (2) Water Fountain $2,160.00 $35,000.00 $4,320.00 $2,160.00 $2,160.00 $1,998.00 $342.19 RANGE to to to to to to to $8,640.00 $75,000.00 $7,200.00 $5,594.40 $7,200.00 $1,998.00 $375.00 AVERAGE $4,530.00 $55,000.00 $5,982.00 $3,932.40 $4,860.00 $1,998.00 $355.73
Subtotal Total per SF Outdoor Pool
$48,140.19 $66.86
to to
$106,007.40 $147.23
$76,658.13 $106.47
Pool Area: approximately 20' x 40' = 800 SF; Deck Area: approximately 3,000 SF ADA Lift Pool Equipment Pool Furniture (12 chairs, 8 loungers, 2 tables) Resurface Pool Bottom Resurface Pool Deck (Kool Deck or tile) Signage $7,500.00 $10,000.00 $15,000.00 $6,400.00 $27,000.00 $1,000.00 RANGE to to to to to to $10,000.00 $20,000.00 $40,000.00 $8,000.00 $60,000.00 $3,500.00 AVERAGE $8,500.00 $15,000.00 $25,000.00 $7,200.00 $42,000.00 $2,166.67
Subtotal Total per SF Indoor Pool
$66,900.00 $17.61
to to
$141,500.00 $37.24
$99,866.67 $26.28
Pool Area: approximately 15' x 30' = 450 SF; Deck Area: approximately 1,550 SF ADA Lift Architectural Lighting Drywall Ceiling Paint Door Frames & Trim Pool Deck Tile Pool Equipment Pool Furniture (12 chairs, 5 loungers, 3 tables) Pool Pak HVAC Replace Doors Resurface Pool Bottom Paint Drywall Walls (60% of wall area) Wall Tile (40% of wall area) $7,500.00 $6,000.00 $16,000.00 $1,500.00 $13,950.00 $10,000.00 $13,860.00 $60,000.00 $5,000.00 $2,700.00 $388.80 $5,832.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to $7,500.00 $20,000.00 $30,000.00 $1,500.00 $27,900.00 $20,000.00 $16,933.00 $60,000.00 $7,500.00 $3,600.00 $972.00 $17,280.00 AVERAGE $7,500.00 $13,500.00 $22,333.33 $1,500.00 $18,858.33 $15,000.00 $15,371.00 $60,000.00 $6,250.00 $3,330.00 $637.20 $12,204.00
$142,730.80 $71.37
to to
$213,185.00 $106.59
$176,483.87 $88.24
39

Infrastructure
Assume 486 spaces, 9' x 19', and 25' wide aisles (1.6 spaces per room to accommodate meeting attendance)
Outdoor Parking
$98,597.25 $202.88
to to
$180,123.75 $370.63
$133,893.00 $275.50
40
2010
UPPER UPSCALE
HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010 UPPER UPSCALE
Prototype Hotel: 192 guestrooms, 25 suites, 7 stories (6 with guestrooms), 41 bays/floor



Demolition Artwork & Mirrors (lots of 6 pieces, installed) Bedspread, Scarf, Skirt, Duvet, etc. Carpet & Pad Desk Lamp Floor Lamp Nightstand Lamp Paint Drywall Ceiling Paint Entry Doors, Closet Doors, Frames, & Grilles Paint Trim (base & crown) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Welcome Light (in existing location) Window Treatments $175.00 $630.00 $186.38 $916.76 $99.00 $90.00 $189.00 $147.60 $150.00 $205.20 $860.72 $157.50 $720.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to $950.00 $800.00 $247.97 $1,104.27 $150.00 $350.00 $250.00 $295.20 $300.00 $581.40 $2,184.67 $222.50 $1,587.00 AVERAGE $473.75 $725.00 $206.48 $1,010.70 $120.00 $162.50 $220.00 $202.95 $231.00 $424.99 $1,570.83 $182.29 $996.75

Bedsets Casegoods Installation Closet Shelf Unit Connection Device (jack pack) TV Chest of Drawers Crown Moulding Desk Desk Chair Dresser End Table Headboards Lounge Chair Nightstands (2) Ottoman Silk Plant / Planter Sleeper Sofa (incl. fabric) Task Chair TV (32" LCD) & Mount (incl. programming) Wall Base Welcome Center / Coffee Niche
$4,527.16
to
$9,023.00
$6,527.24
$550.00 $400.00 $175.00 $149.00 $675.00 $279.00 $630.00 $256.28 $472.50 $675.00 $675.00 $450.00 $450.00 $211.50 $125.00 $1,084.50 $346.50 $712.00 $151.64 $625.00
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$650.00 $650.00 $250.00 $149.00 $900.00 $864.00 $800.00 $500.00 $950.00 $900.00 $900.00 $650.00 $600.00 $300.00 $200.00 $1,500.00 $450.00 $712.00 $203.00 $875.00
AVERAGE $609.50 $500.00 $191.67 $149.00 $787.50 $504.88 $725.00 $338.57 $631.25 $787.50 $787.50 $537.50 $525.00 $251.33 $163.75 $1,278.75 $401.25 $712.00 $168.51 $712.50
Per Key
$9,092.92
to
$13,003.00
$10,762.95
42
Prototype Hotel: 192 guestrooms, 25 suites 7 stories (6 with guestrooms), 41 bays/floor


Artwork (installed) Framed Mirror Lighted Mirror Night Light Paint Ceiling Paint Trim & Door Regrout Floor Tile Regrout Wall Tile Shower Curtain, Curved Rod, Rings, Cover Toilet Accessories Vanity Sconces Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 27") $68.88 $227.50 $925.00 $45.00 $25.60 $95.00 $165.00 $450.00 $154.43 $800.00 $313.96 $366.48 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to $103.63 $319.63 $1,025.00 $58.75 $80.00 $150.00 $175.00 $450.00 $250.00 $1,000.00 $475.00 $468.00 AVERAGE $80.10 $280.71 $975.00 $51.25 $53.33 $135.00 $173.33 $450.00 $198.52 $900.00 $407.89 $421.80

Additional Architectural Lighting Bathroom Door & Hardware Electrical Upgrades (Decora switches, GFI) Faucet (with supplies, stops, drain) Glass Shower Enclosure Lavatory Millwork Vanity Base Porcelain / Stone Tile Floor Porcelain / Stone Tile Tub Surround Replace Tub Shower Valve & Head, Tub Diverter, Tub Drain Stone Vanity Top Low-Flow Toilet
$3,636.85
to
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$4,555.01
$4,126.94
AVERAGE $650.00 $1,168.83 $143.33 $398.17 $2,359.17 $271.50 $967.00 $828.67 $1,000.00 $1,080.17 $652.25 $555.00 $669.25
$250.00 $619.00 $30.00 $75.00 $800.00 $120.00 $525.00 $396.00 $450.00 $550.00 $465.00 $350.00 $460.00
$1,000.00 $2,000.00 $350.00 $694.00 $7,500.00 $550.00 $2,000.00 $1,100.00 $1,500.00 $1,500.00 $1,014.00 $920.00 $1,050.00
Per Key Guestrooms & Guest Bathrooms - Total per Key
$5,090.00 $8,726.85
to to
$21,178.00 $25,733.01
$10,743.33 $14,870.27
43


Corridors
Per room with each unit 18 feet long and half of a 7-foot-wide corridor; 41 rooms per floor RANGE Artwork (installed) $85.37 to Carpet & Pad $377.86 to Ceiling Pendant Light $7.24 to Furniture $147.56 to Ice Machine $38.05 to Millwork (allowance for elevator lobby) $48.78 to Paint Ceiling $28.35 to Sconce (1 per room) $170.10 to Signage $84.38 to Vending Area $78.95 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $254.99 to Window Treatments (2 per floor) $26.34 to AVERAGE $149.39 $406.79 $7.24 $152.70 $70.49 $57.52 $51.98 $213.46 $114.84 $87.23 $292.08 $31.10
$219.51 $438.06 $7.24 $160.98 $97.56 $67.07 $78.75 $240.00 $150.00 $95.50 $322.67 $36.58
$1,347.96
to
$1,913.92
$1,634.81

Restaurant Area: approximately 60' x 76' = 4,560 SF; Seats: 125 y p Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Artwork (installed) Carpet & Pad (80% of floor area) Millwork Buffet, Host Station Refinish Millwork Screen Walls Refinish Paint Drywall Ceiling Paint Trim & Doors (6 doors) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54", 40% openings) Window Treatments (8) , $4,560.00 $20,000.00 $19,447.89 $15,400.00 $4,000.00 $1,824.00 $3,300.00 $2,175.69 $10,792.80 RANGE to to to to to to to to to , $9,120.00 $50,000.00 $24,433.49 $27,900.00 $7,500.00 $6,840.00 $3,900.00 $4,433.46 $13,191.20 AVERAGE , $5,700.00 $31,500.00 $22,913.49 $23,941.67 $4,833.33 $2,850.00 $3,640.00 $2,786.06 $11,992.00
$81,500.38 $17.87 $652.00
to to to
$147,318.15 $32.31 $1,178.55
$110,156.55 $24.16 $881.25
44


Restaurant - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Booths (20 seats / 80LF) Buffet Equipment Chairs (105) Decorative Lighting / Dimming Electrical Hard Surface Floors (20% of floor area) HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Buffet, Host Station (new, in existing location) Millwork Running Trim (painted crown & base) Millwork Buffet Screen Walls (new, 30' x 12') New Articulated Drywall Ceiling Sound System Tables (36" square + base, 40) Walls (drywall with vinyl wallcovering, 40% openings) $6,840.00 $40,000.00 $25,000.00 $40,162.50 $15,000.00 $13,680.00 $12,768.00 $36,480.00 $13,680.00 $31,920.00 $32,000.00 $1,904.00 $21,600.00 $36,480.00 $10,000.00 $12,927.60 $40,800.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to $22,800.00 $64,000.00 $40,000.00 $56,175.00 $50,000.00 $68,400.00 $45,600.00 $91,200.00 $35,431.20 $114,000.00 $51,000.00 $9,792.00 $45,000.00 $68,400.00 $25,000.00 $18,000.00 $40,800.00 AVERAGE $16,340.00 $52,000.00 $30,625.00 $47,512.50 $31,250.00 $38,760.00 $23,256.00 $53,846.00 $24,905.20 $63,840.00 $41,000.00 $5,238.72 $31,800.00 $50,160.00 $17,500.00 $15,273.00 $40,800.00
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat Bar / Lounge Softgoods Renovation
Bar / Lounge Area: approximately 30 x 40 = 1,200 SF; Seats: 60 30' 40' Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Artwork, Accessories, Mirrors (installed) Bar / Back Bar Refinish (incl. equipment) Carpet & Pad (70% of floor area) Millwork Running Trim Refinish Paint Drywall Ceiling (incl. lift) Paint Trim & Doors (6) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54", 40% openings) Window Treatments (12)
$391,242.10 $85.80 $3,129.94
to to to
$845,598.20 $185.44 $6,764.79
$584,106.42 $128.09 $4,672.85
$1,200.00 $3,500.00 $7,500.00 $4,478.13 $378.00 $480.00 $360.00 $2,234.09 $16,189.20
RANGE to to to to to to to to to
$2,400.00 $25,000.00 $20,000.00 $5,626.13 $1,120.00 $2,400.00 $840.00 $2,628.89 $21,601.20
AVERAGE $1,500.00 $15,875.00 $14,791.67 $5,276.13 $800.57 $1,110.00 $650.00 $2,387.93 $18,891.30
$36,319.42 $30.27 $605.32
to to to
$81,616.22 $68.01 $1,360.27
$61,282.60 $51.07 $1,021.38
45


Bar / Lounge - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Bar / Back Bar (new, incl. equipment, in existing location) Bar Stools (15) Booths (3, 4 seats each) Ceiling (2-level painted drywall coffered) Chairs (25) Chef's Table Chairs (16) Chef's Tables (2) Decorative Lighting (12 pendants, 24 sconces) Electrical Hard Surface Floors (30% of floor area) HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Running Trim (painted crown & base) Other Seating & Tables (allowance) Signage Sound System Walls (drywall with vinyl wallcovering, 40% openings) $1,800.00 $70,000.00 $5,362.50 $4,950.00 $9,600.00 $9,562.50 $6,440.00 $6,000.00 $18,121.20 $4,800.00 $5,040.00 $10,620.00 $3,600.00 $7,200.00 $980.00 $16,800.00 $5,000.00 $10,000.00 $32,000.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to $6,000.00 $175,000.00 $6,900.00 $12,000.00 $30,000.00 $15,000.00 $10,400.00 $12,500.00 $45,600.00 $24,000.00 $19,800.00 $27,000.00 $9,324.00 $30,000.00 $7,000.00 $25,200.00 $10,000.00 $20,000.00 $32,000.00 AVERAGE $4,300.00 $124,166.67 $6,168.75 $7,450.00 $18,600.00 $11,718.75 $7,940.00 $9,000.00 $33,501.00 $11,600.00 $11,040.00 $18,470.00 $6,554.00 $13,700.00 $4,433.33 $20,650.00 $7,500.00 $15,833.33 $32,000.00
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat Kitchen

Kitchen Area: approximately 7,200 SF Demolition Ceiling (2' x 4' vinyl coated tiles & new grid) Fluorescent Lighting (2' x 4', 48 fixtures) Paint Door Frames & Trim (15) Paint Walls Quarry Tile Floor Replace Doors (15)
$227,876.20 $189.90 $3,797.94
to to to
$517,724.00 $431.44 $8,628.73
$364,625.83 $303.85 $6,077.10
$21,600.00 $25,200.00 $10,800.00 $1,200.00 $2,752.00 $50,400.00 $30,000.00
$57,600.00 $57,600.00 $19,200.00 $2,100.00 $5,160.00 $93,600.00 $56,250.00
AVERAGE $40,800.00 $43,800.00 $12,960.00 $1,635.00 $3,497.33 $68,688.00 $38,250.00
$141,952.00 $19.72
to to
$291,510.00 $40.49
$209,630.33 $29.12
$700,000.00 $97.22
to $1,000,000.00 to $138.89
$850,000.00 $118.06
46

Function Space
Ballroom Area: approximately 50' x 90' = 4,500 SF; Divisions: 3 Prefunction Area: approximately 30' x 140' = 4,200 SF; Total Ballroom & Prefunction Area: 8,700 SF RANGE Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet $8,700.00 to New Acoustical Tile Ceilings (60% of ceiling area) $13,311.00 to Carpet & Pad $46,380.67 to Paint Coffered Drywall Ceiling (40% of ceiling area) $26,100.00 to Paint Trim & Doors $3,971.25 to Protect / Remove / Reinstall All Light Fixtures $6,500.00 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $37,810.07 to Window Treatments (5) $5,000.00 to
$21,750.00 $31,320.00 $58,270.67 $46,980.00 $16,852.50 $6,500.00 $40,787.85 $7,500.00
AVERAGE $12,325.00 $23,098.50 $54,645.67 $36,250.00 $9,231.57 $6,500.00 $39,208.67 $6,250.00
Subtotal Total per SF Ballroom & Prefunction - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Artwork, Accessories, Mirrors (allowance, installed) Banquet Chairs (incl. Meeting Rooms, 1,000 chairs) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling (40% of ceiling area) Electrical HVAC Life Safety g g Architectural Lighting Millwork Running Trim (stained wood crown, chair, & base) Millwork Serving Stations Operable Walls (new, manual) Portable Bars (6) Signage Tables (14" x 72", 30 total) Tables (72" rounds, 10 total)
$147,772.99 $16.99
to to
$229,961.02 $26.43
$187,509.40 $21.55
$26,100.00 $15,000.00 $125,000.00 $65,250.00 $52,200.00 $52,200.00 $26,100.00 , $26,100.00 $12,400.00 $45,000.00 $117,000.00 $6,600.00 $10,000.00 $9,000.00 $2,500.00
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$52,200.00 $30,000.00 $150,000.00 $104,400.00 $130,500.00 $87,000.00 $67,599.00 , $87,000.00 $23,560.00 $75,000.00 $117,000.00 $42,000.00 $25,000.00 $14,250.00 $4,500.00
AVERAGE $40,600.00 $21,875.00 $138,750.00 $79,750.00 $89,900.00 $72,282.50 $47,516.50 , $58,725.00 $19,116.67 $61,000.00 $117,000.00 $17,925.00 $17,500.00 $11,812.50 $3,625.00
Subtotal Total per SF Ballroom Audio Visual (3 Salons) Subtotal
$590,450.00 $67.87
to $1,010,009.00 to $116.09
$797,378.17 $91.65
$75,000.00
to
$150,000.00
$112,500.00
47


Meeting Room & Prefunction Softgoods Renovation
Meeting Room Area: 7 rooms at approximately 40' x 175' each = 875 SF; 7,000 SF total Prefunction Area: approximately 1,200 SF RANGE Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet $7,325.00 to Acoustical Tile Ceilings (60% of ceiling area) $11,207.25 to Carpet & Pad $39,050.39 to Paint Coffered Drywall Ceiling (40% of ceiling area) $1,318.50 to Paint Trim & Doors $1,099.50 to Protect / Remove / Reinstall All Light Fixtures $5,000.00 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $24,886.84 to
$18,312.50 $24,172.50 $53,716.67 $5,860.00 $4,011.00 $5,000.00 $37,645.94
AVERAGE $10,377.08 $18,715.38 $48,548.47 $3,516.00 $2,361.59 $5,000.00 $31,597.81
Subtotal Total per SF Meeting Room & Prefunction - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Artwork, Accessories, Mirrors (installed) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling (40% of ceiling area) Decorative Lighting Electrical HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Running Trim (stained wood crown, chair, & base) Millwork Serving Stations Operable Walls (new, manual)
$89,887.47 $12.27
to to
$148,718.60 $20.30
$120,116.33 $16.40
$29,300.00 $35,000.00 $22,962.50 $12,000.00 $43,950.00 $64,826.25 $21,975.00 $21,975.00 $15,330.00 $60,000.00 $117,000.00
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to
$43,950.00 $50,000.00 $37,740.00 $42,000.00 $87,900.00 $109,875.00 $56,915.25 $146,500.00 $38,836.00 $150,000.00 $117,000.00
AVERAGE $36,625.00 $41,666.67 $30,351.25 $29,625.00 $69,587.50 $88,937.71 $40,006.71 $73,250.00 $26,827.50 $117,000.00 $117,000.00
Subtotal Total per SF Meeting Room Audio Visual Subtotal Boardrooms

$444,318.75 $60.66
to to
$880,716.25 $120.23
$670,877.33 $91.59
$25,000.00
to
$225,000.00
$150,000.00
48

Fitness Room Area: approximately 30' x 54' = 1,620 SF Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Artwork (installed) Clock Hamper Hard Surface Floors (20% of floor area) Sport Floor (80% of floor area) Mirrors Paint Drywall Ceiling Paint Trim & Doors (2) Remove & Reinstall Exercise Equipment Towel Caddy Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Window Treatments $1,620.00 $2,500.00 $75.00 $250.00 $6,156.00 $14,904.00 $10,800.00 $486.00 $300.00 $750.00 $1,000.00 $3,461.36 $1,200.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to $3,240.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $1,500.00 $16,200.00 $16,848.00 $15,120.00 $1,215.00 $500.00 $1,500.00 $1,700.00 $4,254.88 $3,500.00 AVERAGE $1,944.00 $3,666.67 $145.83 $650.00 $10,303.20 $15,714.00 $12,240.00 $810.00 $416.67 $1,250.00 $1,300.00 $3,762.32 $2,566.67
Subtotal Total per SF Fitness Room - Add for a Full Renovation

Electrical Exercise Equipment HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Reception Desk, Lockers, etc. TVs (42") & Mounts (2)
$43,502.36 $26.85
to to
$71,077.88 $43.88
$54,769.35 $33.81
$12,960.00 $50,000.00 $14,337.00 $4,860.00 $11,340.00 $15,000.00 $1,998.00
$24,300.00 $100,000.00 $32,400.00 $12,587.40 $40,500.00 $30,000.00 $1,998.00
AVERAGE $17,415.00 $75,000.00 $19,379.25 $9,221.85 $22,275.00 $22,500.00 $1,998.00
$110,495.00 $68.21
to to
$241,785.40 $149.25
$167,789.10 $103.57
49


Indoor Pool
Pool Area: approximately 15' x 30' = 450 SF; Deck Area: approximately 2,000 SF ADA Lift Architectural Lighting Drywall Ceiling Paint Door Frames & Trim Pool Deck Tile Pool Equipment Pool Furniture (12 chairs, 5 loungers, 3 tables) Pool Pak HVAC Replace Doors Resurface Pool Bottom Paint Drywall Walls (60% of wall area) Wall Tile (40% of wall area) $7,500.00 $7,350.00 $19,600.00 $1,500.00 $18,000.00 $20,000.00 $22,528.00 $75,000.00 $5,000.00 $2,250.00 $432.00 $6,480.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to $7,500.00 $29,400.00 $36,750.00 $1,500.00 $40,000.00 $25,000.00 $27,521.00 $75,000.00 $7,500.00 $3,600.00 $1,080.00 $32,000.00 AVERAGE $7,500.00 $18,987.50 $27,358.33 $1,500.00 $27,333.33 $22,500.00 $25,027.33 $75,000.00 $6,875.00 $2,925.00 $621.00 $18,144.00
$185,640.00 $75.77
to to
$286,851.00 $117.08
$233,771.50 $95.42
Infrastructure
Assume 347 spaces, 9' x 19', and 25' wide aisles (1.6 spaces per room to accommodate meeting attendance)
Indoor, Underground Parking

Concrete Sealer & Traffic-bearing Membrane Lighting Upgrades Painting Stripe Spaces $370,856.25 $623,038.50 $44,502.75 $3,643.50 RANGE to to to to $519,198.75 $979,060.50 $53,403.30 $8,675.00 AVERAGE $426,484.69 $801,049.50 $50,436.45 $4,927.40
Subtotal $1,042,041.00 Total per Space $3,003.00
to $1,560,337.55 to $4,496.65
$1,282,898.04 $3,697.11
50
2010
LUXURY
HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010 LUXURY
Prototype Hotel: 200 guestrooms, 20 suites, 6 stories (5 with guestrooms), 46 bays / floor

Assume typical guestroom area of approximately 18' wide and 20' long, plus 10' x 10' (5 fixture) bathroom and 8' x 10' entry area = 550 SF

Demolition Artwork & Mirrors (installed) Bedspread, Scarf, Skirt, Duvet, etc. Carpet & Pad Desk Lamp Floor Lamp Foyer Ceiling Lamp Nightstand Lamp Paint Drywall Ceiling Paint Entry Doors, Closet Doors, Frames, & Grilles Paint Trim (base & crown) Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Welcome Light (in existing location) Window Treatments $450.00 $874.50 $370.50 $1,106.59 $113.50 $115.00 $129.38 $108.68 $252.00 $140.00 $324.64 $1,268.50 $43.75 $2,234.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to $1,200.00 $1,425.00 $439.50 $1,211.03 $150.00 $175.00 $158.13 $132.83 $315.00 $270.00 $604.00 $2,654.61 $85.00 $2,418.00 AVERAGE $883.33 $1,133.00 $408.75 $1,159.65 $128.38 $142.50 $141.57 $119.32 $283.50 $200.00 $394.05 $1,731.45 $59.75 $2,346.00

Bedsets Casegoods Installation Closet Shelf Unit Connection Device (jack pack) Credenza Crown Moulding Entry Area Stone Tile Desk Desk Chair Dresser End Table Headboards Lounge Chair Nightstands (2) Ottoman Live Plant / Planter Sleeper Sofa (incl. fabric) Task Chair TV (36") & Mount (incl. programming) Wall Base (painted wood, 2-piece) Welcome Center / Coffee Niche
$7,531.04
to
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$11,238.10
$9,131.24
AVERAGE $638.00 $826.50 $216.00 $150.00 $609.07 $ $449.40 $1,704.00 $813.63 $457.94 $946.73 $328.13 $934.38 $806.25 $681.25 $343.75 $331.25 $1,539.42 $437.94 $812.00 $973.50 $910.00
$638.00 $400.00 $175.00 $150.00 $543.38 $ $399.00 $1,440.00 $724.50 $294.37 $776.25 $258.75 $776.25 $517.50 $517.50 $275.00 $225.00 $1,247.18 $398.48 $812.00 $770.00 $500.00
$638.00 $1,250.00 $275.00 $150.00 $ $664.13 $516.00 $2,000.00 $885.00 $850.00 $1,200.00 $450.00 $1,150.00 $1,500.00 $1,000.00 $450.00 $500.00 $2,000.00 $487.03 $812.00 $1,320.00 $1,500.00
Per Key
$11,838.16
to
$19,597.16
$14,909.12
52

Artwork (installed) Framed Mirror Lighted Mirror Makeup Mirror Night Light Paint Ceiling Paint Trim & Door Regrout Floor Tile Regrout Wall Tile Shower Curtain, Curved Rod, Rings, Cover Toilet Accessories Vanity Sconces Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 27") $75.46 $282.88 $500.00 $175.00 $45.00 $40.00 $95.00 $175.00 $1,250.00 $232.12 $930.00 $55.00 $621.72 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to AVERAGE $127.90 $379.18 $765.00 $189.24 $59.75 $44.00 $135.00 $399.00 $1,700.00 $258.02 $1,231.67 $216.87 $694.97
$225.00 $650.00 $1,000.00 $205.82 $75.00 $50.00 $150.00 $560.00 $2,000.00 $300.00 $1,815.00 $375.00 $774.00

Additional Architectural Lighting (2 downlights) Bathroom Door & Hardware Electrical Upgrades (Decora switches, GFI) Faucet (with supplies, stops, drain) Glass Shower Enclosure (2 panels, 1 door) Lavatory Millwork Vanity Base Porcelain / Stone Tile Floor Porcelain / Stone Tile Tub Surround Replace Tub Shower Valve & Head, Tub Diverter, Tub Drain Stone Vanity Top TV (27") & Mount Low-Flow Toilet
$4,477.18
to
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
$8,179.82
$6,200.60
AVERAGE $435.80 $1,308.80 $128.00 $422.10 $3,781.00 $649.80 $ $973.40 $2,044.00 $1,160.00 $1,390.60 $880.75 $1,012.50 $650.00 $711.10
$200.00 $644.00 $35.00 $75.00 $1,500.00 $450.00 $ $465.00 $1,330.00 $900.00 $550.00 $480.00 $682.50 $650.00 $461.50
$729.00 $1,750.00 $250.00 $758.00 $9,500.00 $1,039.00 $ $2,500.00 $3,150.00 $1,500.00 $2,500.00 $1,200.00 $1,320.00 $650.00 $1,050.00
Per Key Guestrooms & Guest Bathrooms - Total per Key
$8,423.00 $12,900.18
to to
$27,896.00 $36,075.82
$15,547.85 $21,748.45
53

Corridors
Per room with each unit 18 feet long and half of a 7-foot-wide corridor; 38 rooms per floor RANGE Artwork (installed) $184.21 to Carpet & Pad $351.41 to Ceiling Pendant Light $7.24 to Furniture $58.55 to Ice Machine $65.79 to Millwork (allowance for elevator lobby) $65.79 to Paint Ceiling $26.07 to Sconce (1 per room) $194.00 to Signage $112.00 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $228.47 to Window Treatments (2 per floor) $65.37 to AVERAGE $223.68 $401.20 $7.24 $68.53 $76.64 $77.30 $29.33 $233.20 $125.00 $275.02 $77.50
$263.16 $450.98 $7.24 $78.95 $92.11 $92.11 $32.59 $300.00 $140.00 $321.57 $92.11
$1,358.90
to
$1,870.81
$1,594.65

Restaurant Area: approximately 32' x 100' = 3,200 SF; Seats: 166 Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Artwork (installed) Carpet & Pad (80% of floor area) Millwork Buffet, Host Station Refinish Millwork Screen Walls Refinish Paint Drywall Ceiling Paint Trim & Doors Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54", 40% openings) Window Treatments (6) $3,200.00 $20,000.00 $14,728.53 $14 728 53 $1,900.00 $60,000.00 $1,280.00 $300.00 $2,251.55 $18,617.64 RANGE to to to to to to to to to $9,600.00 $45,000.00 $18,340.98 $18 340 98 $4,500.00 $90,000.00 $2,720.00 $900.00 $2,752.15 $30,000.00 AVERAGE $5,280.00 $31,250.00 $16,674.13 $16 674 13 $2,933.20 $75,000.00 $1,800.00 $600.00 $2,516.86 $23,014.68
$122,277.72 $38.21 $736.61
to to to
$203,813.13 $63.69 $1,227.79
$159,068.87 $49.71 $958.25
54
(continued)
Restaurant - Add for a Full Renovation

Additional Demolition Booths (20 seats / 80LF, high back) Buffet Equipment Chairs (105) Decorative Lighting / Dimming Electrical Hard Surface Floors (20% of floor area) HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Buffet, Host Station (new, in existing location) Millwork Running Trim (stained hardwood crown, chair, & base) Millwork Screen Walls (new) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling Sound System Tables (36" square + base, 48) Walls (drywall with vinyl wallcovering, 40% openings) $12,800.00 $14,000.00 $25,000.00 $46,187.40 $35,000.00 $9,600.00 $10,240.00 $48,000.00 $16,000.00 $22,400.00 $41,000.00 $4,896.00 $24,000.00 $32,000.00 $15,000.00 $14,866.92 $40,800.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to $25,600.00 $50,000.00 $75,000.00 $57,750.00 $150,000.00 $38,400.00 $32,000.00 $96,000.00 $24,864.00 $48,000.00 $59,000.00 $10,336.00 $45,000.00 $54,400.00 $25,000.00 $18,900.00 $40,800.00 AVERAGE $18,000.00 $25,600.00 $43,125.00 $52,926.83 $90,000.00 $22,560.00 $20,960.00 $69,664.00 $20,616.00 $33,600.00 $50,600.00 $6,854.40 $31,800.00 $40,960.00 $19,375.00 $17,114.04 $40,800.00
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat Bar / Lounge Softgoods Renovation
Bar / Lounge Area: approximately 30' x 40' = 1,200 SF; Seats: 60 Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Artwork, Accessories, Mirrors (installed) Bar / Back Bar Refinish (incl. equipment) Carpet & Pad (70% of floor area) Millwork Running Trim Refinish Paint Drywall Ceiling Paint Trim & Doors Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54", 40% openings) Window Treatments (3)
$411,790.32 $128.68 $2,480.66
to to to
$851,050.00 $265.95 $5,126.81
$604,555.27 $188.92 $3,641.90
$1,200.00 $10,000.00 $12,500.00 $4,814.13 $840.00 $960.00 $2,500.00 $2,099.69 $6,205.88
RANGE to to to to to to to to to
$2,700.00 $50,000.00 $17,500.00 $6,560.40 $2,800.00 $1,800.00 $4,000.00 $2,504.44 $7,584.96
AVERAGE $1,537.50 $21,875.00 $14,687.50 $5,988.55 $1,540.00 $1,320.00 $3,250.00 $2,304.01 $6,895.41
$41,119.70 $34.27 $685.33
to to to
$95,449.80 $79.54 $1,590.83
$59,397.97 $49.50 $989.97
55
(continued)
Bar / Lounge - Add for a Full Renovation

Additional Demolition Bar / Back Bar (new, incl. equipment, in existing location) Bar Stools (15) Booths (4 seats) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling Chairs (25) Chef's Table Chairs (16) Chef's Tables (2) Decorative Lighting Electrical Hard Surface Floors (30% of floor area) HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Running Trim (painted crown & base) Other Seating & Tables (allowance) Signage Sound System Tables (36" square + base, 16) Walls (drywall with vinyl wallcovering, 40% openings) $1,800.00 $125,000.00 $6,750.00 $6,000.00 $18,000.00 $10,997.00 $6,210.08 $5,000.00 $10,000.00 $5,100.00 $9,000.00 $18,000.00 $3,600.00 $9,600.00 $2,800.00 $16,800.00 $5,000.00 $10,000.00 $3,716.73 $21,000.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to $6,000.00 $157,500.00 $11,250.00 $14,400.00 $36,000.00 $13,440.75 $8,000.00 $13,000.00 $35,000.00 $12,000.00 $18,000.00 $36,000.00 $9,600.00 $30,000.00 $7,000.00 $25,200.00 $25,000.00 $50,000.00 $4,542.66 $25,200.00 AVERAGE $3,450.00 $138,125.00 $8,437.50 $9,600.00 $27,000.00 $12,218.83 $7,175.04 $9,000.00 $19,375.00 $7,575.00 $12,150.00 $27,000.00 $6,000.00 $20,400.00 $4,375.00 $20,475.00 $13,125.00 $26,250.00 $4,129.68 $23,100.00
Subtotal Total per SF Total per Seat Kitchen

Kitchen Area: approximately 60' x 120' = 7,200 SF Demolition Ceiling (2' x 4' vinyl coated tiles & new grid) Fluorescent Lighting (2' x 4') Paint Door Frames & Trim Quarry Tile Floor Replace Doors Kydex Paneled Walls
$294,373.81 $245.31 $4,906.23
to to to
$537,133.41 $447.61 $8,952.22
$398,961.05 $332.47 $6,649.35
$36,000.00 $30,600.00 $10,800.00 $1,200.00 $50,400.00 $11,040.00 $5,294.82
$57,600.00 $57,600.00 $19,200.00 $7,500.00 $158,400.00 $56,250.00 $11,709.69
AVERAGE $48,000.00 $44,700.00 $13,360.00 $2,700.00 $83,640.00 $33,715.00 $9,367.75
$145,334.82 $20.19
to to
$368,259.69 $51.15
$235,482.75 $32.71
$750,000.00 $104.17
to $1,500,000.00 to $208.33
$1,070,000.00 $148.61
56
Function Space
Ballroom Area: approximately 60' x 80' = 4,800 SF; Divisions: 3 Prefunction Area: approximately 30' x 70' = 2,100 SF; Total Ballroom & Prefunction Area: 6,900 SF RANGE Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet $6,900.00 to Paint Articulated Drywall Ceiling (2 levels) $41,400.00 to Carpet & Pad $45,984.67 to Paint Trim & Doors $5,946.75 to Protect / Remove / Reinstall All Light Fixtures $6,500.00 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $30,647.04 to Window Treatments (6) $12,000.00 to
$15,525.00 $103,500.00 $49,434.67 $20,430.00 $6,500.00 $36,977.04 $18,000.00
AVERAGE $10,005.00 $65,550.00 $47,824.67 $13,636.35 $6,500.00 $34,703.33 $15,000.00
Subtotal Total per SF Ballroom & Prefunction - Add for a Full Renovation
Additional Demolition Artwork, Accessories, Mirrors (allowance, installed) Banquet Chairs (incl. Meeting Rooms, 1,000 chairs) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling Electrical HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Running Trim (stained hardwood) Millwork Serving Stations Mill k S i St ti Operable Walls (new, manual) Portable Bars (6) Signage Tables (14" x 72", 120 total) Tables (72" rounds, 50 total)
$149,378.45 $21.65
to to
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to t to to to to to
$250,366.70 $36.29
$193,219.34 $28.00
AVERAGE $22,425.00 $25,500.00 $142,500.00 $66,930.00 $73,140.00 $88,113.00 $35,562.60 $82,800.00 $18,972.00 $57,540.00 $57 540 00 $119,250.00 $8,100.00 $22,500.00 $42,000.00 $12,500.00
$10,350.00 $15,000.00 $135,000.00 $58,650.00 $41,400.00 $61,065.00 $20,700.00 $41,400.00 $12,400.00 $45,000.00 $45 000 00 $99,000.00 $7,200.00 $15,000.00 $42,000.00 $12,500.00
$34,500.00 $40,000.00 $150,000.00 $82,800.00 $103,500.00 $124,200.00 $53,613.00 $138,000.00 $24,800.00 $75,000.00 $75 000 00 $135,000.00 $9,000.00 $30,000.00 $42,000.00 $12,500.00
Subtotal Total per SF Ballroom Audio Visual Subtotal
$616,665.00 $89.37 $80,000.00
to $1,054,913.00 to $152.89 to $175,000.00
$817,832.60 $118.53 $136,000.00
57

Meeting Room Area: 7 rooms at approximately 34' x 50' = 1,700 each; 11,900 SF total Prefunction Area: approximately 2,000 SF RANGE Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet $13,900.00 to New Acoustical Tile Ceilings (60% of ceiling area) $27,105.00 to Carpet & Pad $92,635.78 to Paint Coffered Drywall Ceiling (40% of ceiling area) $2,502.00 to Paint Trim & Doors $1,500.00 to Protect / Remove / Reinstall All Light Fixtures $10,000.00 to Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") $28,371.84 to
$69,500.00 $45,870.00 $99,585.78 $6,672.00 $5,000.00 $25,000.00 $33,155.11
AVERAGE $28,495.00 $38,614.20 $96,342.44 $3,558.40 $2,600.00 $13,000.00 $30,831.50
$176,014.62 $12.66
to to
RANGE to to to to to to to to to to t to
$284,782.89 $20.49
$213,441.54 $15.36
AVERAGE $61,681.25 $70,000.00 $90,697.50 $73,125.00 $170,275.00 $177,503.00 $77,840.00 $208,500.00 $36,536.50 $129,800.00 $129 800 00 $132,000.00
Meeting Rooms & Prefunction - Add for a Full Renovation

Additional Demolition Artwork, Accessories, Mirrors (installed) New Articulated Drywall Ceiling (40% of ceiling area) Decorative Lighting Electrical HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Running Trim (stained crown & base) Millwork Serving Stations Mill k S i St ti Operable Walls (new, manual) $52,125.00 $40,000.00 $62,550.00 $25,500.00 $139,000.00 $123,015.00 $41,700.00 $139,000.00 $25,550.00 $119,400.00 $119 400 00 $108,000.00 $83,400.00 $125,000.00 $125,100.00 $150,000.00 $208,500.00 $250,200.00 $139,000.00 $278,000.00 $51,100.00 $150,000.00 $150 000 00 $150,000.00
Subtotal Total per SF Meeting Room Audio Visual Subtotal Board Rooms
$875,840.00 $63.01 $50,000.00
to $1,710,300.00 to $123.04 to $250,000.00
$1,227,958.25 $88.34 $150,000.00
58
Spa / Exercise Facility Softgoods Renovation
Spa / Exercise Area: approximately 30' x 54' = 1,620 SF; Treatment Rooms: 6 Demolition of Vinyl & Carpet Artwork (installed) Clock Hamper Hard Surface Floors (20% of floor area) Carpet & Pad (20% of floor area) Sport Floor (60% of floor area) Mirrors Paint Ceiling Paint Trim & Doors Remove & Reinstall Exercise Equipment Towel Caddy Vinyl Wallcovering (LY 54") Window Treatments $7,000.00 $4,000.00 $550.00 $500.00 $17,500.00 $23,325.56 $27,300.00 $13,500.00 $3,500.00 $700.00 $3,000.00 $1,000.00 $3,164.00 $2,406.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to $8,750.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $2,500.00 $35,000.00 $25,075.56 $52,500.00 $16,200.00 $7,000.00 $1,000.00 $7,500.00 $2,500.00 $4,732.00 $5,500.00 AVERAGE $7,875.00 $6,250.00 $766.67 $1,400.00 $24,500.00 $24,346.39 $39,200.00 $14,400.00 $5,250.00 $800.00 $5,166.67 $1,583.33 $4,029.87 $3,441.33
Subtotal Total per SF Spa / Exercise Facility - Add for a Full Renovation
Electrical Exercise Equipment Massage Tables Millwork (treatment room area) Plumbing HVAC Life Safety Architectural Lighting Millwork Reception Desk, Lockers, etc. TVs (42" LCDs) & Mounts (3)
$107,445.56 $30.70
to to
$179,257.56 $51.22
$139,009.26 $39.72
AVERAGE $20,825.00 $123,000.00 $28,000.00 $150,500.00 $ $25,000.00 $28,595.00 $18,039.00 $22,750.00 $37,000.00 $2,997.00
$10,500.00 $75,000.00 $28,000.00 $70,000.00 $ $20,000.00 $21,000.00 $10,500.00 $10,500.00 $15,000.00 $2,997.00
$42,000.00 $175,000.00 $28,000.00 $ $210,000.00 $35,000.00 $35,000.00 $27,195.00 $35,000.00 $75,000.00 $2,997.00
$263,497.00 $75.28
to to
$665,192.00 $190.05
$456,706.00 $130.49
59

Indoor Pool
Pool Area: approximately 15' x 30' = 450 SF; Deck Area: approximately 2,000 SF ADA Lift Architectural Lighting Drywall Ceiling (from scaffolding) Paint Trim & Wood Doors Paint Drywall Ceiling (from scaffolding) Pool Deck Tile Pool Equipment Decorative Water Feature (allowance) Pool Furniture (12 chairs, 5 loungers, 3 tables) Pool Pak HVAC Replace Doors (storefront) Resurface Pool Bottom Paint Drywall Walls (60% of wall area) Wall Tile (40% of wall area) $7,500.00 $14,700.00 $24,500.00 $500.00 $2,450.00 $20,000.00 $20,000.00 $20,000.00 $25,899.00 $100,000.00 $5,000.00 $2,250.00 $648.00 $14,400.00 RANGE to to to to to to to to to to to to to to $7,500.00 $49,000.00 $61,250.00 $1,250.00 $17,150.00 $50,000.00 $20,000.00 $50,000.00 $31,662.00 $100,000.00 $10,000.00 $5,400.00 $2,160.00 $53,760.00 AVERAGE $7,500.00 $32,462.50 $43,120.00 $950.00 $11,270.00 $33,200.00 $20,000.00 $33,333.33 $28,779.67 $100,000.00 $7,500.00 $3,960.00 $1,137.60 $24,192.00
$257,847.00 $105.24
to to
$459,132.00 $187.40
$347,405.10 $141.80
Infrastructure
Assume 350 spaces, 9' x 19', and 25' wide aisles (1.6 spaces per room to accommodate meeting attendance) Valet Parking Only
Indoor, Underground Parking

Concrete Sealer & Traffic-bearing Membrane Lighting Upgrades Painting Stripe Spaces $376,200.00 $632,016.00 $45,144.00 $4,224.00 RANGE to to to to $526,680.00 $993,168.00 $180,576.00 $8,800.00 AVERAGE $443,916.00 $812,592.00 $77,647.68 $5,632.00
$1,057,584.00 $3,004.50
to $1,709,224.00 to $4,855.75
$1,339,787.68 $3,806.22
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2010
PERSPECTIVES ON CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
T ips for Planning Capital Expenditure Renovations

by Jonathan C. Nehmer, AIA, ISHC |
as published in HOTEL & MOTEL MANAGEMENT
In tough economic times, it is difficult to justify spending on property improvements, but it is the ideal time to upgrade your property. Renovating while the market is down puts you ahead of your competition when the markets turn, and lower material and labor costs provide greater value for your investment. To get started, youll first need to understand the new reality of renovating in tough economic times. Many aspects of capital expenditures have changed some for better and some for worse. Whether youve just begun planning or youre ready to bid, here are ten tips to consider when planning your renovation:
Keep your bid list to between three and five firms, no matter what services you seek. More than five can create an overwhelming and unproductive set of alternatives. A large bid pool can be counterproductive, as some firms may feel they dont have a chance and wont devote the time to provide an accurate number. around, 9 Beware of low-balling. With less work to go the pricebe wary of firms that submit low bids and then hike through change orders or additional services requests. Watch for bid qualifications that leave openings for added costs. Remove unknowns from the equation to reduce bidders ability to low-ball.
8 Keep the bid list reasonably-sized.
trate the design and construction process and be your advocate in making decisions.
1 Hire an experienced Project Manager first. The PM will orches-
Schedule the 10 scope of the work carefully. Work with the PM to defineisnt work carefully and in detail. Low occupancy
good news for the bottom line; however, this cloud has a silver lining. Lower occupancies may allow for faster construction, saving on general conditions costs and the costs of displaced business. Think differently about renovating in this economic downturn. You can make the best of a bad situation by doing some additional planning and rethinking your approach.
Jonathan C. Nehmer, AIA, ISHC has over 30 years of experience in the development, design, and construction of hospitality projects. He founded Jonathan Nehmer + Associates, Inc. in 1989 to provide Architecture, Project Management, and Design and Construction Consulting to the hospitality industry. JN+A is recognized as the industry leader in design and construction project management throughout the world. Mr. Nehmer is also managing principal of HVScompass Interior Design. A licensed architect in more than 35 states, he is certified by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards and is a member of the International Society of Hospitality Consultants. A frequent speaker at industry events, he has authored numerous articles relating to hotel design and construction. Mr. Nehmer was co-chairman of the ISHCs CapEx 2007 committee, which conducted and published the CapEx 2007 study, the third edition of the ISHCs survey and analysis of capital expenditures in the hospitality industry.
Make sure the firm that you select is capable of performing the work.
2 firms have had to face the reality of downsizing.
Pre-qualify and interview several design firms. Most design
Today there is no reason to rush into decisions that may not be in the best interest of the project. Take the time to explore design schemes, material selections, and options.
Planning. This is where the dynamic has really changed.
4 Find out if the design firm has retained key personnel from be past successful projects. Meet the individuals who will
doing the work. Will you be comfortable working with them?
5 design firm works with a regular group of sub-consultants

or sub-contractors with proven track records. A weak link in the chain can hurt any good design project.
Who is supporting the main players? Determine whether the
Ask about the firms experience with local jurisdictions. Do they understand local interpretations of permit review and inspection issues? Do they have the right experience for the type of project you are planning?
6 Use the right tool for the job.
& Balances. Carefully check 7 Checks Hire a third party design firmdrawings and specifications. to PEER review the
drawings. One error found before construction begins may pay for itself. This is a crucial step often overlooked by owners who move too quickly.
62
I f I Had Two Nickels
by Alan Benjamin, ISHP, ISHC
Generally, our FF&E industry, and capex spending overall, is viewed as a trailing economic indicator, meaning we lag behind downturns and trail recoveries. I may have a slightly optimistic view, and, of course, there are still many risk factors that can change the direction or derail the recovery train, but be prepared, no matter what area of the industry you are in, for FF&E and capex to be at the forefront of the recovery in this cycle. Lets review some facts. The fundamentals of the hotel business started to decline in early 2008, took a nose dive September 2008, and now, after six quarters of business, occupancy is slowly coming back and rate will soon follow. Currently, there is a small number of new construction projects, as few developers have been able to secure construction financing for the last 18 months. This lack of construction funding will not change for a while; however, we have a huge inventory of existing rooms that have not had a penny of capex spent on them for almost two years now, even the hotels where the capex cycle time was already long overdue. In order to get a larger piece of a smaller pie, the hotels will all, to some degree, need to renovate soon to differentiate their products. Whether it is a brand-driven or owner/market-driven renovation, there is simply a limit to how long a hotel can operate, regardless of lower REVPAR, before the FF&E needs attention. Be prepared: by the second quarter of 2011, watch the FF&E renovation spending come back to a very healthy level. While I am an optimist, I am also a realist, and please note that I am not predicting a new record high of capex for some time. But get engaged in the conversation with all the stakeholders, as the trend is there for our FF&E industry to recover very well, and sooner than many think. Based on heading in the direction of a significant recovery, the next question I have been frequently asked is, Coming out of this downturn, what is the first place you would focus your capital to optimize limited resources in a capex upgrade? Here is my two cents...
I F YOU HAVE TWO NICKELS TO RUB TOGETHER

Hire the professional services of a Procurement Agent, a Project Manager, an Interior Designer, and a Logistics company. I would then spend 20% on the sense of arrival: fix the torn awning, seal and stripe the parking lot, paint the front of the building. Spend 20% on lobby FF&E: continue the positive first impression that started with the exterior cleanup by replacing/refinishing your outdated FF&E. Spend the balance on the guestrooms: replace everything with stains, odors, and saggy cushions, including seating, carpet, bed and window treatments, and refinishing of casegoods as needed. Of course, ANY roof or window seal leaks are to be done at this stage so the new FF&E will not be ruined.
I F YOU HAVE FOUR NICKELS TO RUB TOGETHER

Do all of the above, but also add a new bed and a fresh coat of paint to the guestrooms. In addition to the guestrooms, update the function spaces to increase your group business revenue. Then spend a little bit on the employee break room: fresh paint, new chairs and tables, better lighting. If you allocate money to that one back-of-house space, increased employee moral will shine through to each guest, which will make every old light and wall covering that you could not afford to replace look a little better
I F YOU HAVE SIX NICKELS

Do all of the above, and fix any mechanical, electrical, and structural issues that you have been meaning to get to.
I F YOU HAVE A FEW DOLLARS

Gut the place and leapfrog your competition!
Alan Benjamin, ISHP, ISHC, president and founder of Benjamin West, is one of the countrys leading hospitality FF&E experts. He has been published and quoted in numerous national publications, and he is a member of the advisory boards of Hospitality Design and Hotel Design. Mr. Benjamin has been a moderator and speaker for many years at industry conferences and conventions, including The Lodging Conference, ALIS, and many others. In 2007 Mr. Benjamin co-chaired the ISHCs CapEx Study, the third edition of the ISHCs survey and analysis of capital expenditures in the hospitality industry. Mr. Benjamin also coordinates the charitable efforts between the ISHP and Gifts In Kind International to work with the leading FF&E vendors in matching charities needs with the resources of the hospitality vendors.
I F YOU HAVE A FEW PENNIES

CLEAN the place top to bottom, replace caulk/grout, de-silvered mirrors, replace rusty brightwork, update old shower curtains, and make the place shine.
63
S uccessful Capex on a Tight Budget

by Scott P. Rosenberg, AIA, MRICS, LEED AP
as published in LODGING HOSPITALITY
Do you believe the glass is half full? Do you see the current down market as an opportunity? Do you know your clientele? Do you want to stay ahead of your competition? Well, then you know that it is time to renovate. So, lets be smart about it. Here are some ideas on how and where to spend those limited capex dollars.
E XTERIOR
First, you do not get a second chance to make a good first impression. You might debate whether the exterior of the building is important or not. After all, once you are inside, what is there to remember about the exterior? However, you should care about some things. Small changes on the exterior can make a big impact. It is important for an out-of-town visitor to be able to find the hotel, or at least see it from the highway. Thus, a well-lit, clearly-lettered sign is important. The outdoor lighting should be working, and guests should feel safe when walking to and from their cars. Good, working lighting at the porte-cochere and at all entry points is also important. At the entrance and other prominent building features, add some color with seasonal landscaping. This adds warmth and a feeling of welcome without spending major dollars. A little highlight paint color goes a long way to dress up the exterior of the building, depending on the material of the facade. If you are on a very tight budget, consider limiting exterior work to safety and sense of arrival items. New signage, lighting, a fresh coat of exterior paint, and landscaping improvements can really dress up a hotel exterior.
L OBBY
The lobby is your guests first impression of your hotels style and service. It starts at the front door. Does the door need replacement, or will changing the door hardware and adding a push/pull bar help the door look and wear better? When guests enter the hotel, they first get an overall view of the main lobby, and then their eyes gravitate toward the front desk. It is possible to make a big impact here for less money. Instead of putting in new wood floors, strip the floors and refinish them. Instead of replacing floor tile, clean the floors and re-grout them. Adding plants and other touches of color help, as long as youre not creating clutter.
Simple updates to paint, lighting, signage, and landscaping can give a hotel a major facelift without breaking the bank.
The front desk should feel warm, friendly, and rich in materials, depending on your market segment. Some brands now require that long, formal reception desks be replaced with open, kiosktype front desk pods. If this is appropriate to your market, how you service your guests, and brand standards, then it is important. Sometimes just changing out a feature wall or artwork behind the front desk can have a dramatic impact on the guests sense of arrival.
64

Dont forget that the lobby is composed of larger purchases; key elements that can last seven years or more. Guests will use these items time and time again. Dont compromise on quality and then kick yourself later because you didnt go the extra mile to purchase a long-wearing item. Also, spend money where you can touch it and see it, not 14 feet in the air where your efforts wont be noticed. A new sofa and chair probably mean more to guests than a new chandelier. For areas that are out of guest reach, freshening up paint on items such as ceilings, coffers, and bulkheads can make the hotel appear cleaner and brighter. If youve done all the simple items, perhaps you are ready to take your renovation to the next level. It might be time to re-conceptualize the public spaces. Is the front desk in the correct location? Maybe it should be moved to provide more seating in the waiting area. Perhaps moving it makes the staff more accessible and provides your team with a better view of the lobby. Another important aspect of your lobby is the relationship between spaces. Are your restaurant and bar well-placed in relation to the lobby? Perhaps the dining area layout is not conducive to smooth operation. Maybe the sundries are too far away from the front desk. Several hotel brands are looking at lobby concepts that open up and interconnect the public areas. One trend that really revitalizes the lobby is bringing the business center into the public area instead of having it hidden in a small room somewhere.
Front desk pods with lowered transaction counters remove the barrier between guests and hotel staff.
The decision of whether to make such a change is really dependent on your market. If you are looking to extend your market; review whether your hotel caters to both families and businesses? Would you like to serve both? An open, multi-functional lobby can help. During the week, business travelers can come down to the lobby, have a coffee, meet a business associate, and check email. On the weekend, dad can have a light breakfast, sit back and read the paper, and keep an eye on the kids while they use the internet and mom talks to the concierge about local attractions. The decision to design such a custom lobby and FF&E package must be made in an informed manner. Theres a time and place for custom, and knowing whether your market merits the extra design and FF&E expense is important. However, if the market supports something unique, a custom lobby may have more impact than custom guestrooms. I have seen many clients use the standard guestroom FF&E package and put their money into customizing their lobbies, with a great payoff.
G UESTROOMS
The decision to renovate your lobby, your guestrooms, or a combination thereof is up to you. You are the expert on what is important to your guests. Sometimes the best decision is to implement only small ideas in both the lobby and the guestrooms. Remember that all areas of your hotel are used by many people and need long-lasting, lowmaintenance materials. While lobby renovations consist of many single budget line items, remember that guestroom renovations can quickly become expensive, as the cost of each item gets multiplied by the number of guestrooms in your inventory. What should you change? You can answer that question by becoming a guest yourself. Go through the ritual of staying in your
65
A business center doesnt have to be in a separate room. Let your business travelers feel like theyre part of the action by opening the business center up to the lobby.
Bringing your guests to the lobby for longer periods of time will reenergize the public spaces. Drawing more people into the public areas can generate more income, as guests are more likely to utilize the food and beverage opportunities at the hotel instead of going elsewhere.

hotel guestroom. When you arrive in your room, do you place your laptop on the desk? When you sit down at the desk, are you are pleased that the work surface is large and clean? Do your legs hit the desk apron, does the ergonomic chair go up and down, does the lamp work, and can you easily reach to plug in your laptop and charge your cell phone? After dinner, when you come back to the room, you probably put on the TV and fire up your laptop again. Lets hope the wireless internet is easy to connect to and has a good signal. Perhaps the hotel has a neat little lap desk and a comfortable headboard so you can work in bed, if you like. Can you find where to plug in your laptop when you sit in bed? In this day and age, wireless internet in every guestroom is a simple, inexpensive improvement, at the cost of just a few access points per floor. You need this. Your guests expect it. Troubleshooting your guestroom in person can help you determine the most important items for your guestroom renovation. If your guestroom has some issues, then you should target your efforts to eliminate items that adversely affect guest satisfaction. A comfortable, functional guestroom invites guests to return. However, leave what works as-is. There is no need to buy that fancy and expensive but uncomfortable side chair. If you really do need A guest bathroom before and after vanity replacement. a new side chair, weigh the cost, style, and comfort to reach your decision. There are many common problem areas in guestrooms that have simple fixes. Ive noticed that the wallcovering at the window wall seems to wear and peel while the rest of the room still looks good. The exterior wall of the guestroom will wear better over time if wallcovering is changed out and replaced with paint. Making this wall an accent wall is also a great way to freshen your look. Another item that quickly makes your room feel modern is replacing older TVs with flat screen TVs. The prices of 32 and 37 TVs are coming down, especially when purchased in bulk. On the other hand, some developers have put TV replacements off for another year to save a few dollars. If you have limited dollars to spend, then you be the judge.
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Consider replacing softgoods before hard goods. For a few dollars, an inexpensive bed throw and pillow add a touch of color. For worn FF&E, consider fixing, adjusting, cleaning, reupholstery, and touch-up before replacing. Better lighting may be achieved with bulb and lampshade replacement rather than purchasing new lamps. An old, bulky TV armoire can be cut down to become a dresser or credenza, with a new solid surface top. Consider replacing only some of the FF&E pieces, not the entire guestroom FF&E package. If you must purchase new chairs, beds, lamps, and desks, you might think of using a pre-set FF&E package that is already designed and pre-approved by your brand. Do you have a few hotels? Buy in bulk.
G UEST BATHROOMS
Dont neglect the bathroom. While this area may seem like a costly place to renovate, there are small fixes you can implement that will make a big difference. Dont waste money on new fixtures if the current ones are in good shape. Instead, consider changing the toilet seat cover from an open style to a closed style. Deep clean your tub instead of buying a new one. If your existing floor tile is in good shape, just clean and re-grout it to make it fresh. Other options that can give a guest bathroom new life are to change out the vanity while retaining the existing sink or countertop, replacing brass faucets and fittings with more modern chrome or brushed nickel, replacing wallcovering, and changing the towel racks, bar, shelves, etc. Finally, please dont forget good lighting (because my wife will complain).
W ORK WITH YOUR BRAND & TEAM

Once you have a handle on your plan for the renovations ahead, get ready to work with your hotel brand, if you have one. If youve been issued a Property Improvement Plan, take another look at it. Discuss the PIP with your brand, especially the timing of each required renovation item. Dont skimp, just be realistic. Hotel brands understand the current economy and will work with you to find cost-saving measures. Be flexible during this time. If your hotel succeeds, then you succeed and the brand succeeds, too.
S UMMARY
In tough economic times, many of us feel the need to stop spending entirely in order to conserve for the future. That may not be the healthiest option for your hotel. The bottom line for successful capital expenditures is to remember a few key tips: First impressions are important, make sure your exterior and lobby are up to
A comfortable, functional guestroom invites guests to return.

par. Repair and clean rather than replace, where possible; you can get an updated look without buying everything new. Replace softgoods rather than hard goods to refresh your property on a smaller budget. Fix what isnt practical or what isnt up to code; if you dont, youll be required to do so later, possibly when it is not advantageous to renovate. The brands will help you; they want your property to succeed just as much as you do. Remember, your goal is to keep up with your competition. Following these tips will help you get the biggest bang for your capex buck.
Scott P. Rosenberg, AIA, MRICS, LEED AP, is an architect with 23 years of experience in architecture and real estate development-related fields. Mr. Rosenberg is Vice President at Jonathan Nehmer + Associates, Inc., a leading architecture, interior design, and project management firm serving the hospitality industry for 20 years, with offices in Washington, DC, Boston, MA and San Diego, CA. JN+As projects range from select service through luxury hotels, resorts, and conference centers. JN+As work includes repositioning of existing properties and new ground-up projects. Mr. Rosenberg also serves as an adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University, Carey School of Business, in the Real Estate Masters program.
L ogistics Tips
by Darlene Henke
During a renovation or construction project there are thousands of details that require the attention of Owners, Designers, Purchasing Agents, Project Managers, and many other team members involved. One area that can impact the entire team is the coordination of goods for delivery to the property. Below are eight important areas to keep in mind when considering logistics. in Storage: will limit liability as it 1 Goods to insurance Most warehouses dollar. For example, relates to pennies on the if a chair weighing 100 lbs is lost and liability was limited to $0.60 per pound, only $60 would be paid regardless of value. Additional insurance can be purchased through the warehouse or third party logistics provider.
is no guarantee or legal liability for the carrier to honor concealed damage claims.
2008, but they could change in the event of a national or natural disaster. Once the economic recovery starts, fuel prices will be likely to increase again.
6 Fuel Surcharge: Fuel prices should not be as volatile as in
Year: Every year this causes delays 7 Chinese New and ultimately in receiving goods. In in shipping, at ports, 2010 the New Year will hit around Valentines Day make sure lead times have a little leeway if arriving right before, during, or after this time. The EPA endorses specific organizations and all responsible logistics providers should be participating. It is up to you to make it a requirement for your project ask your provider today if they are a member of one of these EPA-approved organizations.
Darlene Henke is president and founder of Audit Logistics, LLC, the leading experts in hospitality logistics. Ms. Henke moderates and participates in panels at leading hospitality shows on topics such as overseas sourcing and logistics, budget concerns with rising energy costs, and sustainability. Ms. Henke has worked with her organization to establish a nationwide partnership with Waste Management to recycle cardboard and other items involved in the hotel renovation and new construction process. She has also developed a partnership status on the transportation side through SmartWay Transport a partnership endorsed by the EPA.
2 Airfreight: Carriers limit their liability in a similar manner to warehouses usually to $0.50 per pound. More than 70%
of airfreight shipped for hotels requires additional insurance to cover the value of goods. of Delivery 3 ProofPOD subject(POD): Contrary to popular belief, signing a to inspection does not create the basis for a claim. It is the legal responsibility of the claimant to prove who was at fault for loss or damage. When exceptions are noted at the time of delivery subject to inspection, proving the carrier was legally at fault will be challenging. coming from 4 Port of Entry: FF&ELong Beach. Asia can be routed to ports other than just If time exists in the schedule, an alternate port of entry may be closer to the hotel. Utilizing the closer port will reduce the freight budget and transit across the U.S. noted at the of delivery, claims can be 5 Claims: If months from timedelivery date. If damage isfiled up to nine the concealed, a claim must be filed within fifteen days of delivery; there
8 Green Strategy: Yes, there is such a thing in logistics.
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D iscovering Product by Product Whats Sustainably Beneficial to Hotels

by Scott P. Rosenberg, AIA, MRICS, LEED AP | as published in HOTEL BUSINESS
Today, sustainability is all around us. Its in advertising, in the news, and in corporate philosophies. It has touched almost every industry from manufactured products to service providers. This means your competitor across the street is participating. How can you be savvier than your competition? While the most common reasons to undertake green initiatives include saving the environment, marketing, and tax breaks, there are strong business reasons to pursue items with a direct savings impact on your hotel. As a business owner, you can make calculated business decisions about which sustainable items you pursue. If a product of service can bring you a reduction in energy use, a reduction in waste cost, or an increased life span, then the extra cost may be easily justified. Why not focus on sustainable items that bring you a return on your investment?
In a major renovation or a new build hotel, here are items that make sense if done at the right time:
WATER-EFFICIENT PLUMBING FIXTURES

Changing the plumbing fixtures just to save water usage may not justify the expense. If you need to change the fixtures anyway, the premium for water-saving fixtures can be recaptured in water savings. If the premium is still too high, then there would need to be some additional reason or aesthetic quality to make it worthwhile.
HVAC
For new builds, or where the HVAC system is at the end of its useful life, new, higher efficiency HVAC units operate more efficiently, use less energy, and last longer. This is one of the biggest dollar impacts to the hotel. In new build projects, designing to manage outside air intake and ventilation leads to further energy savings that is usually cost-prohibitive on renovation projects. Why direct outside air into an empty ballroom and then condition it? Also, remember to keep up with maintenance that can keep the equipment operating more efficiently and longer.
I TEMS TO CONSIDER
Here are some items to consider pursuing regardless of when you implement them:
COMPACT FLUORESCENT LIGHTING

The cost of replacing your lighting with these bulbs pays for itself. This item is so practical that you can change the bulbs to compact fluorescent even if you arent renovating, because youll see a payback in 2-3 years. Its a quick first fix, but note that this changes the light quality and color.
ROOFING
For new builds, or for renovations where the roof has reached its useful life, use a light-colored roof to reduce heat buildup. This translates to requiring less HVAC tonnage for your building, and thus a savings in HVAC first costs. The premium for the roofing can be paid for by the energy savings, as well. This is not an item that you just change in the middle of your current roofs useful life. Here are some items that may need further study to determine if they make sense:
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Energy Management systems can add to the efficiency of the new or current HVAC, lighting, and other systems that use energy, especially in a hotel where there tends to be a fluctuation in occupancy. The system learns how the building performs and reacts to its environment. On a smaller scale, energy management can start with programmable thermostats, which pay for themselves fairly quickly. When the HVAC system runs more efficiently, it lowers energy use and prolongs the life of the equipment. There are even thermostats that limit the settings between 68oF and 78oF, so they are not just randomly pushed up or down to extreme temperatures.
COMMISSIONING
Commissioning is a service provided by an engineer to thoroughly review the installation and operation of the mechanical, plumbing, and electrical systems. The cost for this service sounds expensive, but in a new build project or renovation, this service can lead to finding something that is mis-calibrated, installed incorrectly, or has been damaged, leading to wasted energy that can go unnoticed for years. Some think of this as an insurance policy worthy of its price tag to uncover energy savings.
RECYCLING PROGRAM
Check if your local jurisdiction will pick up recyclable items at no cost or at a lower cost than regular waste pickups. Its an operational issue and an issue about where to place receptacles for collection throughout the hotel. If you can implement a recycling program, you may reduce the cost to pick up your trash.
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PRODUCTS WITH RENEWABLE/ RECYCLED CONTENT

When recycled products can be purchased for no additional cost or show some design or guest experience benefit, then there is di-

rect value. Look for things like comfort, durability, a wider variety of colors and textures, and design elements that add to the look and feel of a space. As these products get into the mainstream, they will become more economical. egy is a reason not to consider spending additional first costs on sustainability when the savings cant be enjoyed. Remember, you are adding to the value of your asset because the expenses for a buyer will be lower. This means that regardless of your exit stategy timing, you must factor in a higher projected sale price, as valuation is a function of a higher annual net income due to reduced annual expenses. When people ask you if are practicing sustainability, tell them, No, Im in the business of sustainability. It can and will make an impact on sustaining and adding value to your business of being a hotelier.
Scott P. Rosenberg, AIA, MRICS, LEED AP, is an architect with 23 years of experience in architecture and real estate development-related fields. Mr. Rosenberg is Vice President at Jonathan Nehmer + Associates, Inc., a leading architecture, interior design, and project management firm serving the hospitality industry for 20 years, with offices in Washington, DC, Boston, MA and San Diego, CA. JN+As projects range from select service through luxury hotels, resorts, and conference centers. JN+As work includes repositioning of existing properties and new ground-up projects. Mr. Rosenberg also serves as an adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University, Carey School of Business, in the Real Estate Masters program.
T O DO OR NOT TO DO
While every property has an opportunity to pursue sustainability, make a business decision for each item you want to pursue by performing a simple cost analysis: How much additional first cost premium will the sustainable product or system cost? How much does the item save annually in dollars? Will the item last longer and decrease the amount you need to place in reserves each year? Are there intangible or good will benefits? Sometimes we are so involved in our day-to-day operations that we can forget the basics. The result is elementary: your hotel will be worth more now. Some believe that having a short exit strat-
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G lossary of Freight / FF&E Terms

form issued by a Customs A A8A Manifest A CCRA to monitor licensedshipmentsBroker which allows in bond as they move through Canada. Arrival Notice An advice that the carrier or forwarder sends to the consignee advising of goods coming forward for delivery. Pertinent information such as bill of lading number, container number, and total charges due from consignee, etc. are included and sent to consignee prior to vessel arrival. This is done gratuitously by the carrier or forwarder to ensure smooth delivery, but there is no obligation by the carrier or the forwarder to do so. The responsibility to monitor the transit and present himself to take timely delivery still rests with the consignee. Automated Manifest System (AMS) An application that expedites the clearance of cargo for the subsequent release of containers when imported to USA through electronic submission of cargo manifests in lieu of bulk paper manifests. Awkward Cargo Cargo of irregular size that can either be containerized (packed in container) or non-containerized (without equipment associated with) during transportation. It requires prior approval on a case-by-case basis before confirmation of booking. Axle Load Maximum load permitted to be carried on each axle of a motor vehicle. The official legal document representing ownership of cargo. It is a negotiable document confirming the receipt of cargoes and the contract for the carriage of cargoes between the shipper and the carrier. Block Train Railcars grouped in a train by destination so that segments (blocks) can be uncoupled and routed to different destinations as the train moves through various junctions. This eliminates the need to break up a train and sort individual railcars at each junction. Bonded Carrier A carrier licensed by U.S. Customs to carry Customs-controlled merchandise between Customs points. Bonded Warehouse A warehouse authorized by Customs for storage of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed. Booking Number A reference number for bookings registered with a carrier. It should be unique without duplication for a threeyear period. Box Common term for an ocean-going freight container. Broker An individual, partnership, or corporation that arranges transportation service for client companies. Break-bulk Cargo Goods shipped loose in the vessel hold and not in a container. Broken Stowage The spare volume of a container or the cargo hold of a vessel where no cargo is stowed. It is a reflection of the bad stowage of the container or the vessel. Bulk Carriers Vessels carrying dry, liquid, grain, not packaged, bundled, or bottled cargo and loaded without marks and number or count. Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) / Bunker Surcharge (BSC) Surcharges assessed by the carrier to freight rates to reflect current cost of bunker. Bunker Heavy oil used as fuel for ocean vessels.
B Bill of Lading (B/L)
C Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA) dian government Customs authority
Cana-
Cargo Manifest A manifest that lists only cargo, without freight and charges. Cells The construction system employed in container vessels that permits containers to be stowed in a vertical line, with each container supporting the one above it inside the cargo hold. Cellular Vessel A vessel designed with internal ribbing to permit the support of stacked containers. See Containership Certificate of Origin Document certifying the country of origin of goods, which is normally issued or signed by a the relevant government department of the exporting country, or Chamber of Commerce or embassy. CFR A pricing term indicating that the cost of the goods and freight charges are included in the quoted price.
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CFS/CFS A kind of cargo movement by container. Delivered loose at origin point with vanning by carrier, devanned by carrier at destination, and picked up loose at destination. Closing The published deadline for export cargo or containers to be accepted for a sailing of the carrier. CY Closing is applicable to FCLs and CFS Closing is applicable to LCLs. Normally, CFS Closing is around 24 hours ahead of CY Closing, depending on the complexities of export customs clearance formalities at the country. See Late-Come. Connecting Carrier Agreement (CCA) An agreement of freight rates for connections between feeder ports and the ports of call of vessels. Consolidated Cargo Cargo containing shipments of two or more shippers, usually shipped by a firm called a consolidator. The consolidator takes advantage of lower FCL rates, and savings are passed on to shippers. Consolidation The combination of many small shipments into one container. Consolidator A person or firm performing a consolidation service of small lots of cargo for shippers. Consortium A group of carriers pooling resources, normally container vessels, in a trade lane to maximize their resources efficiently. Container A van-type body that can be relatively easily interchanged between trucks, trains, and ships. Container Freight Station (CFS or C.F.S.) Consolidation depots where parcels of cargo are grouped and loaded into containers. Alternatively, inbound cargo in a container are devanned for deliveries to consignees as LCLs. Container Load Plan (CLP) A document prepared to show all details of cargo loaded in a container, e.g. weight (individual and total), measurement, markings, shippers, consignees, the origin and destination of goods, and location of cargo within the container. A Container Load Plan is either prepared by the cargo consolidator or the shipper that ships its cargo on FCL terms. Container Type Containers are classified under different types, e.g. dry cargo, reefer, open top, flat-rack, open-side, etc. Container Yard (CY or C.Y. ) A facility inside or outside the Container Terminal that accepts laden export containers from shippers or laden import containers for delivery to consignees. Containership An ocean vessel specifically designed to carry ocean cargo containers. It is fitted with vertical cells for maximum capacity. Controlled Atmosphere (CA) An atmosphere in which oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen concentrations are regulated, as are temperature and humidity. Cost and Freight (C&F) A term of trading in which the buyer of the goods pays an amount that covers the cost of the goods plus the cost of transporting the goods from origin to the port of discharge or final destination. Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF) A term of trading in which the buyer of the goods pays for the cost of the goods, the cost of transporting the goods from origin to the port of discharge or final destination, and the insurance premium for a maritime insurance policy for the value of the order. Cube the Shipment Measure the total cubic feet of the shipment Currency Adjustment Factor (CAF ) An ancillary charge on ocean freight to compensate for exchange rate fluctuations. Customs Bonded Warehouse A public or privately owned warehouse where dutiable goods are stored pending payment of duty or removal under bond. The storage or delivery of goods are under the supervision of customs officers, and if the warehouse is privately-owned, the keeper has to enter into a bond as indemnity in respect of the goods deposited, which may not be delivered without a release from Customs. Customs Broker A private business that provides documentation and entry preparation services required by CCRA and U.S. Customs on behalf of an Importer/Exporter of Record. Hired by an importer to carry out Customs-related responsibilities and covered by Power of Attorney to act on behalf of the Importer/Exporter of record. Customs House A government office where import duties, etc. on foreign shipments are handled. Custom House Broker An individual or firm licensed to enter and clear goods through Customs. Customs Self Assessment (CSA) A joint Canada/US border initiative aimed at speeding up the customs process on low-risk shipments.
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Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) A joint government and trade community initiative in developing, enhancing, and maintaining effective security processes throughout the global supply chain. Customs Valuation The determination of the value of imported goods for the purpose of collecting ad valorem duties. Cut-off Time Latest possible time the cargo or container may be delivered to the vessel or designated point. See Closing Cwt. Hundredweight (100 pounds in USA, 112 pounds in the UK) CY/CFS Cargo loaded in a full container by a shipper at origin, delivered to a CFS facility at destination, and then devanned by the carrier for loose pick-up. CY/CY Cargo loaded by the shipper in a full container at origin and delivered to the carrier's terminal at destination for pick-up intact by consignee. Devanning The removal of cargo from a container. Also known as unstuffing, unloading, or stripping. Differential Rate An amount added or deducted from base rate to make a rate to or from some other point or via another route. Dock Receipt A document used to acknowledge receipt of cargo or container at a CFS, a CY, or a Container Terminal. When delivery of an expert shipment is completed, the dock receipt is surrendered to the vessel operator or the operator's agent in exchange for the ocean or house bill of lading. Door-to-Door Through transportation of a container and its cargoes from consignor's premises to consignee's premises. Double-deck Load A second tier of cargo placed on top of the first tier. Double Stack Train (DST) Rail or train capable of carrying two 40' containers, one on top of the other. Drayage Charge made for local hauling by dray or truck; road transportation between the nearest ocean port or railway terminal and the stuffing/destuffing place. Dry Cargo Cargo that does not require temperature control. Dedicated Unit Train A unit train operated by various railroads for exclusive usage. Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) In DDP, shipper clears the goods for export and is responsible for making them available to the buyer at the named place of destination, cleared for import, paid duty and tax. Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU) In DDU, shipper clears the goods for export and is responsible for making them available to the buyer at the named place of destination, not cleared for import. Delivery Order A document authorizing delivery to a nominated party of cargo in the care of a third party. The document is issued
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by a carrier or a forwarder on surrender of a bill of lading and then used by the merchant to transfer title by endorsement. Destination Delivery Charge (DDC) A charge assessed by the carrier for the handling of a full container at destinations. The term is more commonly used in the USA trade. Detention (Demurrage) Charges raised by the carrier or the forwarder for detaining a container/trailer at customer premises for a period longer than that provided in the tariff of the carrier or the forwarder.
D Goods"
Dangerous and Hazardous (D&H). See "Dangerous
Dangerous Goods The term used by I.M.C.O. for hazardous materials that are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, or property while being transported. Deadweight (D.W.) The number of tons of cargo, stores, and bunker fuel a ship can carry and transport. See "Deadweight Tonnage" Deadweight Tonnage (D/W) The number of total weight tons of cargo, stores, and bunker fuel that a vessel can carry and transport. It is the difference between the number of tons of water a vessel displaces "light" and the number of tons it displaces when submerged to the "load line."
Dry-Bulk Container A container constructed to carry grain, powder, and other free-flowing solids in bulk. Dunnage Lumber or other material used to brace materials in carrier's equipment or containers. Dwell Time It is expressed in terms of number of days that a container changed from one status to another, e.g. from inbound load to empty available to outbound load. The shorter the dwell time, the more efficient the container utilization will be.
E Empty Depot
A container yard used for the storage of empty containers.

Ex Works An INCOTERMS term of sale in which the buyer is responsible for taking delivery of the goods at the premises of the factory. Also known as F.C.A. Export Declaration A government document permitting designated goods to be shipped out of the country. Free and Secure Trade (FAST) A joint Canada/US border security agreement, of which C-TPAT and PIP are the main initiatives. Free In and Out (FIO) A term used in ship-chartering whereby the owner of the ship is not responsible for any charges incurred in the ports of loading or unloading. Free On Board (FOB) An acronym for free on board when used in a sales contract. The seller agrees to deliver merchandise, free of all transportation expense, to the place specified by the contract. Once delivery is complete, the title to all the goods and the risk of damage become the buyers. Free Storage Period (FSP) A carrier offers a period of time, normally three to five days, at destinations whereby imported containers or cargo are allowed to be taken for delivery by consignees free of any storage charge. After the FSP, there will be an overtime storage charge or demurrage levied by the carriers to the consignee. When bulk shipments are involved, the carriers are prepared to negotiate a longer FSP with the consignees. Freight (a) The price paid to the carrier for the transportation of goods or merchandise by sea or air from one place to another. (b) Also used to denote goods that are in the process of being transported from one place to another. Freight All Kind (FAK) A system whereby freight is charged per container, irrespective of the nature of the cargoes, and not according to a tariff. Freight Collect The freight and charges agreed by the shipper and carrier are payable at destination. Freight Forwarder A freight forwarder combines less-than-truckload (LTL) or less-than-carload (LCL) shipments into carload or truckload lots. Freight forwarders are designated as common carriers. They also issue bills of lading and accept responsibility for cargo. The term may also refer to the company that fills railroad trains with trailers. Freight Prepaid Freight and charges are required to be paid by a shipper before an original bill of lading is released. Fuel Adjustment Factor (FAF) An ancillary charge on ocean freight shipments to account for fluctuations in fuel costs. Full Berth Terms (FBT) Indicates that the cost of loading and discharge is included in the steamship rate quoted. Ship owner pays these.
F FCA
Free Carrier. See Ex-Works
FCL/FCL See CY/CY FCL/LCL See CY/CFS Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) US Government Agency responsible for the regulation of all maritime activities. Final Destination The place where the carrier or the forwarder actually turns over the container or cargo to the consignee of its agent. It is the end of liability of carriers or forwarders. Flash Point A temperature at which certain flammable cargo will trigger spontaneously ignite. It is an IMCO standard information requirement for dangerous goods. F.O.B. Destination Changes the location where title and risk pass. Under this arrangement, title and risk remain with the seller until they have delivered the freight to the delivery location specified in the contract. F.O.B Origin It means that title and risk pass to the buyer at the moment of the sellers delivery to the carrier. The parties may agree to have title and risk pass at a different time or to allocate freight charges by a written agreement. Force Majeure Force of nature. Accidents or incidents caused by the forces of nature, which are beyond the power of people to control. Foreign Exchange Controls Government restrictions on the use of currency, bank drafts, or other payment types to regulate imports, exports, and trade balances. Forty Foot (40) Equivalent Unit (FEU) Commonly describes a 40-foot container or two TEUs. Free Along Side (FAS) A basis of pricing meaning the price of goods alongside a transport vessel at a specified location. The buyer is responsible for loading the goods onto the transport vessel and paying all the cost of shipping beyond that location.
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Full Container Load (FCL) An arrangement whereby the shipper packs cargo into a container provided by the carrier or the forwarder before delivering to the container terminal. Functional Currency The currency of the primary economic environment of and entity. For ODFL, this is U.S. dollars. An international multilateral agreement embodying a code of practice for fair trading in international commerce. General Average An unwritten, non-statutory, international maritime law that is universally recognized and applied. It is founded on the principle that vessel and goods are parties to the same venture and share exposure to the same perils, which may require sacrifice or the incurring of extraordinary expense on the part of one for the benefit of the whole venture. It is an arrangement which will be applied when the vessel is encountering serious accidents caused by force majeure. G.R.I. General Rate Increase Gross Tonnage Applies to vessels, not to cargo. Determined by dividing by 100 the contents, in cubic feet, of the vessel's closedin spaces. A vessel ton is 100 cubic feet. Gross Weight Entire weight of goods, packaging, and container, ready for shipment. These rules, set by the 1924 International Convention on Carriage of Goods by Sea, govern liability for loss or damage to goods carried by sea under a bill of lading. Hague-Visby Rules 1968 Revision of Hague Rules Hamburg Rules A new set of rules that radically alters the liability that shipowners have to bear for loss or damage of goods in the courts of those nations where the rules apply, adopted in March 1978 at an international conference in Hamburg. Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System A multi-purpose international goods-classification for manufacturers, transporters, exporters, importers, customs officials, statisticians, and others in classifying goods moving in international trade under a single commodity code. Developed under the auspices of the Customs Cooperations Council (CCC), an international customs organization in Brussels, this code is a hierarchically structured product nomenclature containing approximately 5,000 headings and subheadings describing the articles moving in international trade. It is organized into 99 chapters arranged in 22 sections. Sections encompass an industry (e.g. Section XI, Textiles and Textile Articles), and chapters encompass the various materi74
als and products of the industry (e.g. Chapter 50, Silk; Chapter 55, Manmade Staple Fibres; Chapter 57, Carpets). The basic code contains four-digit headings and six-digit subheadings. (The U.S. will add digits for tariff and statistical purposes.) In the U.S., duty rates will be the 8-digit level; statistical suffixes will be at the 10-digit level. Heavy Lift Articles too heavy to be lifted by a ship's tackle. Heavy-Lift Charge A charge made for lifting articles too heavy to be lifted by a ship's tackle. High Cube (HC or HQ) Any container that exceeds 8 6 (102) in height, usually 9 6. House Bill of Lading (HB/L) Bill of lading issued by a forwarder or an NVOCC operator. House-to-House (H/H) See CY/CY House-to-Pier (H/P) See CY/CFS Hull Underwriter The person with whom the ship hull, machinery apparel, and tackle is insured.
G General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT)
I the public health, morals, animal life, vegetation, etc. Ex-
Import Permit Usually required for items that might affect
H Hague Rules
amples include foodstuffs, feedstuffs, pharmaceuticals (human and veterinary), medical equipment, seeds, plants, and various written material (including tapes, cassettes, movies, TV tapes, or TV movies). In some countries an import permit is the same as an import license. In Bond A term indicating that an imported shipment was not cleared by Customs at the border and is moving under a surety bond. In Transit Document (IT) (Form 7512) Document issued by a licensed Customs Broker, which allows U.S. Customs to monitor in bond shipments moving in the U.S. INCOTERMS INCOTERMS are a set of uniform rules codifying the interpretation of trade terms defining the rights and obligations of both buyer and seller in an international transaction, thereby enabling an otherwise complex basis for a sale contract to be accomplished in three letters. Incoterms are drafted by the International Chamber of Commerce. Inland Clearance Depot A CFS with Customs clearance facilities.

Interior Points Intermodal (IPI) A term used by ocean carriers to describe door-to-door delivery service. Intermodal Transport Moving ocean freight containers by various transportation modes. The fact that the containers are of the same size and have common handling characteristics permits them to be transferred from truck to railroad to air carrier to ocean carrier. International Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) A forum in which most major maritime nations participate and through which recommendations for the carriage of dangerous goods, bulk commodities, and maritime regulations become internationally acceptable. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code The IMCO recommendations for the carriage of dangerous goods by sea. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from some 130 countries, one from each country. It is a non-governmental organization established in 1947 to promote the development of standardization facilitating international trade. ISO's work results in international agreements which are published as International Standards. Invoice Documentation supplying Customs with the type of goods, quantity, price of each type and terms of sale. The type of invoice required is determined by the shipments value. Lien A legal claim upon goods for the satisfaction of some debt or duty. Lift-On/Lift-Off (LO-LO) A container ship onto which containers are lifted by crane. Lighter An open or covered barge towed by a tugboat and used mainly in harbours and inland waterways. Lighterage Refers to the carriage of cargoes by lighter and the charge assessed therefore. Liner Vessel plying a regular trade/defined route against a published sailing schedule. Liner Terms Freight includes the cost of loading onto and discharging from the vessel. Lloyds' Registry An organization maintained for the surveying and classing of ships so that insurance underwriters and others may know the quality and condition of the vessels offered for insurance or employment. Load Factor Percent of loaded containers against total capacity of vessel or allocation. Long Ton 2,240 pounds Longshoreman Workers employed in the terminals or quays to load and unload ships. They are also known as stevedores. Low-Bed A trailer or semi-trailer with no sides and with the floor of the unit close to the ground. that of ladM Manifest A document or itslists in detail all the billsdetailed ing issued by a vessel agent or master, i.e. a summary of the total cargo or containers loaded in a vessel. Used principally for customs purposes, it is also called summary of Bills of Lading. Maquiladoras Duty-free (for U. S. import) manufacturing plants located in Mexico. Marine Insurance Broadly, insurance covering loss or damage of goods at sea. Marine insurance typically compensates the owner of merchandise for losses sustained from fire, shipwreck, piracy, and various other causes but excludes losses that can be legally recovered.
K nautical miles per hour whether of a vessel or current. One

nautical mile is roughly equivalent to 1.15 statute miles or 1.85 kilometers.
Knot A unit of speed. The term "knot" means velocity in
L sions are being given to the shippers against the official CY

or CFS closing date and time, which carriers publish to the trade. LCL/FCL See CFS/CY LCL/LCL See CFS/CFS Less than Container Load (LCL) Cargo in quantity less than required for the application of a container load rate. Letter of Indemnity Guarantee from the shipper or consignee to indemnify carriers or forwarders for costs and/or loss, if any, in order to obtain favourable action by carriers or forwarders. It is customary practice for carries and forwarders to demand letters of indemnity from consignees for taking delivery of cargo without surrendering a bill of lading, which has been delayed or is lost.
Late-Come A term used in the liner industry when exten-
75

Marks and Numbers Markings placed on packages for export for identification purposes, generally a triangle, square, circle, diamond, or cross with letters and/or numbers and port discharge. They are of important use before containerization. Master Bill of lading (MB/L) See Ocean Bill of Lading Master Lease Leasing Cost Master lease leasing cost includes container rental, depot lift-on/lift-off charge, on/off hire drayage, drop-off charge, offhire repair cost, etc. Due to off-hire quota limitation, the average on-hire period is around 73 days for 20'GP, 40'GP, and 102 days for 40'HQ. Mate's Receipt A receipt signed by a mate of the vessel, acknowledging receipt of cargo by the vessel. The individual in possession of the mate's receipt is entitled to the bill of lading, which in due course is issued in exchange for that receipt. Measurement Ton 1 cubic meter. One of the alternative bases of Freight Tariff. Microbridge A landbridge movement in which cargo originating/ destined to an inland point is railed or trucked to/from the water port for a shipment to/from a foreign country. The carrier is responsible for cargo and costs from origin to destination. Also known as I.P.I. or Through Service. Mini-Bridge Cargo moving from/to an inland destination on one bill of lading from/to a foreign port through two U.S. ports. Mini Landbridge (MLB) An intermodal system for transporting containers from/to a foreign country by water to/from a U.S. ocean port other than the arrival port by rail at through rates and documents. Non-negotiable Bill of Lading Copy of original bill of lading which cannot be negotiated with banks. Non-vessel Owning / Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC) (a) A cargo consolidator of small shipments in ocean trade, generally soliciting business and arranging for or performing containerization functions at the port. (b) A carrier issuing bill of lading for carriage of goods on vessel which he neither owns nor operates. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) The joint Canada, Mexico, and United States treaty to reduce tariffs and trade barriers to promote cross-border economic activity. Ocean Bill of Lading (Ocean O by the ocean-going carriers. B/L) A bill of lading issued
O.C.P. Rate Overland Common Point rates which are generally lower than local tariff rates. They were established by the U.S. west coast steamship companies in conjunction with railroads serving the western U.S. ports so that cargo originating or destined to the American midwest and east would be competitive with all-water rates via the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf ports. O.C.P. rates are also applicable to eastern Canada. On Board Bill of Lading A Bill of Lading in which a carrier acknowledges that cargo have been placed on board a certain vessel. The on-board date of bills of lading is the date on which liabilities of the carrier start. One-Way Lease The lease of containers that covers the outbound voyage only, after which the container is returned to the lease holder at or near the agreed destination. Open-Top Container A container fitted with a solid removable roof or with a tarpaulin roof that can be loaded or unloaded from the top. Origin Receiving Charge (O.R.C.) A terminal handling charge levied at ports of loading. Overheight Cargo Cargo which exceed 9-1/2 ft. in height. They normally have to be stowed in an open-top container.
N Negotiable Bill of Lading
Original bill of lading endorsed by shipper that is used for negotiating with banks.
Negotiating Bank A bank named in the credit; examines the documents and certifies to the issuing bank that the terms are complied with. Net Tonnage A vessel's gross tonnage minus deductions of space occupied by accommodation for crew, by machinery, for navigation, by the engine room and fuel. A vessel's net tonnage expresses the space available for passengers and cargoes. Net Weight Weight of the goods alone without any immediate wrappings, e.g. the weight of the contents of a tin can without the weight of the can. Also called actual net weight.
P Packing List A document provided by the shipper detailing the packaging of the goods, including their weight and
measurement, assortment, etc. Pallet A platform (usually two-deck), with or without sides, on which a number of packages or pieces may be loaded to facilitate handling by a lift-truck.
76

Participating Carrier (Tariff) A carrier that is a party, under concurrence, to a tariff issued by another transportation line or by a tariff's publishing agent. Partners in Protection (PIP) A CCRA initiative designed to enlist the cooperation of private industry in efforts to enhance border security and increase awareness of customs compliance issues. Pier-to-House (P/H) See CFS/CY Pier-to-Pier (P/P) See CFS/CFS Place of Acceptance See Place of Receipt Place of Delivery See Final Destination Place of Receipt (P.O.R.) Location where cargo enters the care and custody of the carrier. Same as Place of Acceptance. It is the starting port of carriers liability upon receipt of cargo from shippers. Port (a) Harbour with piers or dock. (b) Left side of a ship when facing the bow. (c) Opening in a ship's side for handling freight. Port of Arrival Location where imported merchandise is offloaded from the importing aircraft or vessel. Port of Call A port where a vessel discharges or receives traffic. Port of Entry A port where cargo and containers destined elsewhere are actually discharged from a vessel. Port of Discharge (P.O.D) The port at which cargo or containers are unloaded from a vessel. When transshipment is needed, there can be a number of PODs during the course of shipment until it reaches the final POD. Port of Loading (P.O.L.) The port at which cargo or containers are loaded onto vessels. Pre-Arrival Processing System (PAPS) An electronic system that allows U.S. Customs to review and pre-release shipments for import into the U.S. Pre-Arrival Review System (PARS/INPARS) Available both at the border and inland (INPARS). An electronic system that allows CCRA to review and pre-release shipments for import into Canada. The period during which a vessel is detained in isolation until free from any contagious disease among the passengers or crew. The word is now applied to the sanitary regulations, which are the modern substitute for quarantine. During the quarantine period, the Q flag is hoisted. Quarantine Buoy One of the yellow buoys at the entrance of a harbour indicating the place where vessels must anchor for the exercise of quarantine regulations. Quarantine Declaration A document signed by the captain and the ships doctor before the port health officer when a ship arrives at the quarantine station. It gives the name of the ship, tonnage, number of crew, first port of voyage and date of sailing, intermediate ports called at, number of passengers for the port at which the vessel is arriving, number of transit passengers, cases of infectious diseases during voyage, deaths, nature of cargo, name of agents. The port health officer then proceeds with the medical inspection of passengers and crew. Also called Entry Declaration. Quarantine Dues A charge against all vessels entering a harbour to provide for the maintenance of medical control service. Also called Quarantine Fees. Quarantine Flag A yellow flag used as a sanitary signal. It is displayed by all vessels entering a harbour, and also when a contagious or infectious disease exists on board or when the vessel has been placed in quarantine. Quarantine Harbour A place where vessels in quarantine are stationed when arriving from contaminated ports. Quarantine Station A medical control center located in an isolated spot ashore where patients with contagious diseases from vessel in quarantine are taken. It is also used for passengers and crews of vessel arriving from suspected ports while fumigation or any other disinfection is carried out on board ship. A term used in contrast to shipped bill of lading or on-board bill of lading. This kind of bill of lading is normally issued to acknowledge receipt of shipment before cargo loading or before official original bill of lading is issued. Nowadays, not many shippers ask for this kind of bill of lading. Reefer The generic name for a temperature-controlled container. The containers, which are insulated, are specially-designed to allow temperature-controlled air circulation within the container. A refrigeration plant is built into the rear of the container. Relay To transfer cargo from one ship to another of the same ownership. Release Note A receipt signed by a customer acknowledging the delivery of cargo.
77
R Received-for-Shipment Bills of Lading
Q Quarantine

Release Notification System (RNS) The electronic notification system that provides customers, customs agencies, and customers broker representatives with proactive notification of shipment acceptance, review, and release. Revenue Ton (R/T) The greater weight or measurement of cargo where 1 ton is either 1,000 kilos or 1 cubic meter (for metric system). Also known as Bill of Lading Ton or Freight Ton. It is used to calculate freight charge. Roll-On/Roll-Off (Ro/Ro) A feature designed in a specially-constructed vessel in both the loading and discharging ports. A standard clause used to protect carriers, NVOCC operators, or forwarders when cargo are stuffed into the container by shippers, their agents, or other third parties. See also Shippers Load and Count. Salvage The property that has been recovered from a wrecked vessel, or the recovery of the ship herself. Salvage Clause A marine insurance policy clause that states the proportion of salvage charges for which underwriters are liable. Salvage Lien A maritime lien that exists when a ship or goods come into the possession of one who preserves them from the perils at sea. All salvage services carry with them a maritime lien on the items saved. Salvage Value The value on which salvage is awarded. It generally means the value of ship and cargo when they have been brought to a place of safety by the salvors. Seal Record A record of the number, condition, and marks of identification on seals made at various times and places, referring to the movement of the container between origin and destination. Service Contract The Shipping Act of 1984 of USA allows a contract between a shipper (or a shippers' association) and an ocean common carrier, NVOCC operator, or a Shipping Conference in which the shipper makes a commitment to provide a certain minimum quantity of cargo or freight revenue over a fixed time period, and the ocean common carrier, NVOCC operator, or conference commits to a certain rate or rate schedule as well as a defined service level (such as assured space, transit time, port rotation, or similar service features). The contract may also specify provisions in the event of nonperformance on the part of either party. Ship Chandler An individual or company selling equipment and supplies for ships. Ship Planning A function in the operations of container vessels where containers have to be planned for loading onto vessels, taking into consideration the size and weight of containers, transshipment and discharging port rotation, types of cargo, etc. The officer responsible for such a function is called a Ship Planner. Shipped Bill of Lading A bill of lading issued only after the cargo have actually been shipped on board the vessel, as distinguished from the Received-for-Shipment bill of lading. Also see On- board Bill of Lading. Shipped On-board Endorsement on a bill of lading confirming loading of cargoes or containers on a vessel. Shipper The person for whom the owners of a ship agree to carry goods to a specified destination and at a specified price. Also called Consignor. The conditions under which the transportation is effected are stipulated in the bill of lading. Shipper Owned Container (SOC) The container used for cargo shipment is owned by the shipper. Shippers Export Declaration (SED) A form often required prior to exporting a product. See Overview of the Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) for more information. Shipper's Load and Count Shipments loaded and sealed by shippers and not checked or verified by the carriers or forwarders. Neither the carriers nor the forwarders will assume any liability for shortages of cargo as long as the container seal remains intact at the time of devanning. Shipping Order A set of documents of carriers or forwarders that allows the shippers to book shipping space with them. There are a number of copies with the same form and contents but with different names - the 1st copy is called Shipping Order, and the remainder are called Shipping Order Copy or Dock Receipt - for different purposes such as space control, surveyor and sworn measurer, confirmation of receipt of cargo/containers, etc. As EDI is more popular nowadays and used by both the shipper and Customs, a hardcopy Shipping Order is no longer widely used. Shipside Delivery A special cargo handling instruction for cargo to be delivered rightaway at shipside after discharge. Shut-out Cargo or containers that are not loaded on-board the intended vessel in line with the Shipping Order confirmed with the carrier. Slot Space on board a vessel occupied by a container.
S Said to Contain (STC)
78

Stack Car An articulated five-platform railcar that allows containers to be double-stacked. A stack car holds ten 40-foot equivalent units. Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) A standard numerical code used by the United Nations to classify commodities used in international trade. Starboard The right-hand side of a ship when facing the bow. Stevedore See Longshoreman. Store-Door Delivery (STOR/DOR) Delivery of goods to consignee's place of business or warehouse by motor vehicle. Refers to a complete package of delivery services performed by a carrier from origin to final consumption point, whether that be a retail, wholesale, or other final distribution facility. Store-Door PickUp Picking up an empty container from a carrier, delivering it to a merchant, and returning the laden container; the portion of store-door pick up performed by the carrier's trucker. Stowage A marine term referring to loading freight into the ships' holds Straight Bill of Lading A term for a non-negotiable bill of lading Stripping The unloading of a container Stuffing The loading of a container Terminal Receiving Charge (TRC) A charge assessed by the terminal for cargo being delivered for export. Through Rate The total rate from the point of origin to final destination Through Service (Thru Service) A combination of transportation by sea and land services to/from the point of origin to final destination. Time Charter A charter party hiring a vessel for a specified period of time in which the shipowner provides the vessel, bunkers, and crew while the charterer supplies the cargo. Time Volume Agreement (TVA) A contract between a carrier and shipper specifying the movement of a number of containers over time. Tonnage Generally refers to freight handled Towage The charge made for towing a vessel Tramp A freighter vessel that does not run in any regular trade lane but takes cargo wherever the shippers desire. Tranship To transfer goods from one transportation line (trade lane) to another, or from one ship to another. Transhipment Hub A port which is employed by a carrier for transshipping its carriers from one transportation line ( trade lane ) to another. Transit Cargo Goods onboard, which upon their arrival at a certain port are not to be discharged at that port. Transit Port A port where cargo received are merely en route and from which they have to be transferred and dispatched to their ultimate destination by coasters, barge, and so on. Also called Transshipment Port. Twenty Foot (20) Equivalent Unit (TEU) Commonly describes a 20-foot container.
T longitudinal T-shaped rails that support the cargo and form

a plenum for air flow beneath the cargo. Tare Weight The weight of packing material or, in carload shipments, the weight of the empty freight car or the weight of a container. Tariff A publication setting forth the charges, rates, and rules of transportation companies. Terminal An assigned area in which containers are prepared for loading into a vessel or are stacked immediately after discharge from the vessel. Terminal Handling Charge (THC) A charge of carriers for recovering the costs of handling FCLs at container terminals at origin or destination.
T-floor Interior floor in a reefer, so named because of the
U UCP500
Revised and updated version of UCP operating from January 1, 1994.
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD MMO UNCTAD Multi Modal Transport Convention
79

Underwriter In marine insurance, one who subscribes his name to the policy indicating his acceptance of the liability mentioned therein, in consideration for which he receives by way of a premium. Uniform Customs and Practice of Documentary Credit (UCP) The "bankers Bible" on Documentary Credit Interpretation issued by the the International Chamber of Commerce (I.C.C.) Unit Load Packages loaded on a pallet, in a crate, or any other way that enables them to be handled at one time as a unit. Unit Train A train of a specified number of railcars, perhaps 100, wherein they remain in a unit for a designated destination or until a change in routing is made.
V Vanning
A term sometimes used for stowing cargo in a
container
VAT, Mexico Valued-Added Tax on the portion of service provided by the Mexican carrier. The invoicing party is due to collect and remit this tax. Vessel's Manifest Statement of a vessel's cargo or containers (revenue, consignee, marks, etc.). Voyage Charter A charter party hiring a vessel for a particular voyage in which the shipowner provides the vessel, bunkers, and crew while the charterer supplies the cargo.
W War Risk
Insurance coverage for loss of goods resulting from any act of war.
Waybill (WB) A document prepared by a transportation line at the point of a shipment. Shows the point of the origin, destination, route, consignor, consignee, description of shipment, and amount charged for the transportation service. A waybill is forwarded with the shipment or sent by mail to the agent at the transfer point or waybill destination. Unlike a bill of lading, a waybill is not a document of title. Weight Cargo A cargo on which the transportation charge is assessed on the basis of weight. Wharfage A charge assessed by a pier or dock owner against freight handled over the pier or dock or against a steamship company using the pier or dock.
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2010 Hotel Cost Estimating Guide

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$450.

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE

7361 Calhoun Place, Suite 310 Rockville, Maryland 20855

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE

Perspectives on Capital Expenditures .................................................................................. 61

Glossary of Freight/FF&E Terms .......................................................................................... 70

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010

HOTEL MARKET TIERS - MODEL HOTEL CRITERIA FOR 2010 GUIDE

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010

NEW IN THE 2010 GUIDE

Contractor Data: JN+A wishes to thank the following General

FF&E and Freight Management: As with the 2009 study, for

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010

C apex in Crisis: Hotel Capital Expenditures Since 2007

as published in LODGING HOSPITALITY

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010

2010 HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE SUMMARY

Midscale with F&B

$2,732 $5,613 $2,012 $4,032 $930

Guestroom Corridors (3,4)

Food & Beverage Facilities

$29 $747 $153 $3,974 $21 $421 $174 $3,484

Bar and Lounge

Softgoods Reno. Add for Full Reno.

Excl. Equipment Add for Full Reno.

$37 Per SF (1,600) $94 Per SF (1,600)

Meeting Rooms & Prefunction

Outdoor Swimming Pool (7) Indoor Swimming Pool (7)

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010

2010 HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE SUMMARY

$3,821 $6,188 $2,080 $3,824

$4,527 $9,093 $3,637 $5,090 $1,348

$7,531 $11,838 $4,477 $8,423 $1,359

$17 $436 $78 $1,956 $21 $418 $149 $2,974

$30 $739 $147 $3,674 $40 $793 $296 $5,911

ok not o not o not o ok ok ok ok ok ok

$32 $1,179 $185 $6,765 $68 $1,360 $431 $8,629

$64 $1,228 $266 $5,127 $80 $1,591 $448 $8,952

$43 Per SF (4,200) $119 Per SF (4,200)

$40 Per SF (7,200) $139 Per SF (7,200)

$51 Per SF (7,200) $208 Per SF (7,200)

$12 $57 $70,000

$17 $68 $75,000 $12 $61 $25,000

$22 $89 $80,000 $13 $63 $50,000

$14 $25 $90,000

$27 $67 $18 $71

$371 Per Prkg. Space N/A $40,000 Allowance

N/A $4,497 Per Prkg. Space $75,000 Allowance

N/A $4,856 Per Prkg. Space $75,000 Allowance

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010 ECONOMY

Prototype Hotel: 90 guestrooms, 3 stories, 30 rooms/floor

Guestrooms & Corridors

Guestroom Softgoods Renovation

Per Key Guestroom - Add for a Full Renovation

Per Key Guest Bathroom Basic Renovation

$54.00 $65.52 $225.00 $85.10 $50.00 $125.00

$150.00 $252.00 $225.00 $92.90 $75.00 $139.90

AVERAGE $98.00 $120.62 $225.00 $89.14 $61.67 $131.00

HOTEL COST ESTIMATING GUIDE 2010 ECONOMY

Prototype Hotel: 90 guestrooms, 3 stories, 30 rooms/floor