CONTENTS

Abstract List of Figures List of Tables List of Screens Symbols & Abbreviations 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Problem definition 1.3 Objective of Project 1.4 Limitations of Project 1.5 Organization of Documentation 2. LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Existing System 2.3 Disadvantages of Existing system 2.4 Proposed System 3. ANALYSIS 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Software Requirement Specification 3.2.1 User requirement 3.2.2 Software requirement 3.2.3 Hardware requirement 3.3 Context diagram of Project 3.4 Algorithms and Flowcharts 4. DESIGN 4.1 Introduction 4.2 DFD / ER / UML diagram (any other project diagrams) 4.3 Module design and organization 5. IMPLEMENTATION & RESULTS 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Explanation of Key functions 5.3 Method of Implementation 5.2.1 Forms 5.2.2 Output Screens 5.2.3 Result Analysis 6. TESTING & VALIDATION

6.1 Introduction 6.2 Design of test cases and scenarios 6.3 Validation 7. CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT REFERENCES :

ANNEXURE I :

ABSTRACT
IEEE 802.16 standard was designed to support the bandwidth demanding applications with quality of service (QoS). Bandwidth is reserved for each application to ensure the QoS. For variable bit rate (VBR) applications, however, it is difficult for the subscriber station (SS) to predict the amount of incoming data. To ensure the QoS guaranteed services, the SS may reserve more bandwidth than its demand. As a result, the reserved bandwidth may not be fully utilized all the time. In this paper, we propose a scheme, named Bandwidth Recycling, to recycle the unused bandwidth without changing the existing bandwidth reservation. The idea of the proposed scheme is to allow other SSs to utilize the unused bandwidth when it is available. Thus, the system throughput can be improved while maintaining the same QoS guaranteed services. Mathematical analysis and simulation are used to evaluate the proposed scheme. Simulation and analysis results confirm that the proposed scheme can recycle 35% of unused bandwidth on average. By analyzing factors affecting the recycling performance, three scheduling algorithms are proposed to improve the overall throughput. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm improves the overall throughput by 40% in a steady network.

Bandwidth transmitted data may be more than the amount of transmitted data and may not be fully utilized all the time. Before it is different from the bandwidth adjustment in which the adjusted bandwidth is enforced as early as in the next coming frame. Moreover, the unused bandwidth is likely to be released temporarily (i.e., only in the current frame) and the existing bandwidth reservation does not change. The ad hoc networking community assumes that the underlying wireless technology is the IEEE 802.11 standard due to the broad availability of interface cards and simulation models.

The IEEE 802.16 network is connection-oriented. It gives the advantage of having better control over network resource to provide QoS guaranteed services. To improve the bandwidth utilization while maintaining the same QoS guaranteed services, our research objective is two fold: 1) The existing bandwidth reservation is not changed to maintain the same QoS guaranteed services. 2) Increasing the bandwidth utilization by utilizing the unused bandwidth.

We propose a scheme, named Bandwidth Recycling, which recycles the unused bandwidth while keeping the same QoS guaranteed services without introducing extra delay. The general concept behind our scheme is to allow other SSs to utilize the unused bandwidth left by the current transmitting SS. Since the unused bandwidth is not supposed to occur regularly, our scheme allows SSs with non-real time applications, which have more flexibility of delay requirements, to recycle the unused bandwidth.

We proposed bandwidth recycling to recycle the unused bandwidth once it occurs. It allows the BS to schedule a complementary station for each transmission stations. Each complementary station monitors the entire UL transmission interval of its corresponding TS and standby for any opportunities to recycle the unused bandwidth. Besides the naive priority-based scheduling algorithm, three additional algorithms have been proposed to improve the recycling effectiveness. Our mathematical and simulation results confirm that our scheme can not only improve the throughput but also reduce the delay with negligible overhead and satisfy the QoS requirements.

List of Figures
Fig.1.1: Various Devices Connected to WLAN Fig.3.1: Messages to release the unused bandwidth within the UL transmission interval Fig.3.2: The format of RM Fig.3.3: An example of corresponding locations of TS, BS and CS. Fig.3.4: Context diagram of the project Fig.3.5: Flowchart of the project Fig.4.1: Segmentation of the data into packets Fig.4.2: Request and Reply between Source and Destination Fig.4.3: Packet Creation and Bandwidth Calculation Fig.4.4: Data Flow Diagram of the project. Fig.4.5: Use-Case Diagram. Fig.4.6: Class Diagram. Fig.4.7: State Diagram. Fig.4.8: Activity Diagram. Fig.4.9: Sequence Diagram. Fig.4.10: Collaboration Diagram. Fig.4.11: Component Diagram. Fig.4.12: Messages to release the unused bandwidth within the UL transmission interval Fig.4.13: The mapping relation between CSs and TSs in a MAC frame. Fig.5.18: Simulation results of BRR

List of Tables

Tab:1.1: BasicData on IEEE 802.16 Standards

List of Screens
Fig.5.1: The classes and interfaces of java.sql, the JDBC API package. Fig.5.2: Running RMI registry. Fig.5.3: Starting the Server Fig.5.4: Starting the Node 1. Fig.5.5: Starting the Node 2. Fig.5.6: Starting the Node 3. Fig.5.7: Starting the Node 4. Fig.5.8: Selecting the Destination Node. Fig.5.9: Selecting the file to be sent. Fig.5.10: RREQ to the neighbour node. Fig.5.11: Confirming th Recyclic RREQ. Fig.5.12: Recyclic RREQ to the destination node. Fig.5.13: Recyclic RREP from the destination node. Fig.5.14: Calculating the Delay and Bitrate. Fig.5.15: Received Message. Fig.5.16: Simulation of bit rate at node. Fig.5.17: Simulation of packet dropping.

ABBREVIATIONS
IEEE: Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers Wi-MAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WMAN: Wireless Metropolitan Area Network OSI: Open System Interconnect SS: Subscriber Station TS: Transmission Station CS: Complementary Station BR: Bandwidth Request CL: Complementary List UL: Up Link DL: Down Link QoS: Quality of Service