Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 16/2011

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 16/2011
A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit)

31 July 2011
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Table of Contents: BOOKS ................................................................................ 4

Analysing Disrupted Health Sectors - A Modular Manual ....................................................... 4 Environmental burden of disease associated with inadequate housing ................................. 4 Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Vulnerable and Underserved Populations............ 4
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5

Global Health.............................................................................................................. 5
Political will for better health, a bottom-up process................................................................. 5 Global Public-Private Health Partnerships: lessons learned from ten years of experience and evaluation ......................................................................................................................... 5
HIV - AIDS - STI ......................................................................................................... 5

An Exploratory Analysis of HIV Treatment Research & Development Investments in 2009 .. 5 Capitalizing on Scientific Progress: Investment in HIV Prevention R&D in 2010 ................... 6 Guidelines on surveillance among populations most at risk for HIV ....................................... 6 Circumcision of HIV-infected men and transmission of human papillomavirus to female partners: analyses of data from a randomised trial in Rakai, Uganda .................................... 7 The Global HIV Epidemics among Men Who Have Sex with Men ......................................... 7 The Impact of the New WHO Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines on HIV Epidemic Dynamics and Cost in South Africa......................................................................................... 7 Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy .............................................. 8 HIV prevention transformed: the new prevention research agenda........................................ 8 Antiretroviral prophylaxis: a defining moment in HIV control .................................................. 8 Intravaginal insertion in KwaZulu-Natal: sexual practices and preferences in the context of microbicide gel use.................................................................................................................. 8 Effect of concurrent sexual partnerships on rate of new HIV infections in a high-prevalence, rural South African population: a cohort study ........................................................................ 9 Faith-Based Organizations and HIV Prevention with Most-at-Risk Populations in Mexico .... 9 Adoption of formal HIV and AIDS workplace policies: An analysis of industry/sector variations ................................................................................................................................. 9
Sexual & Reproductive Health .................................................................................. 10

From top to bottom: A sex-positive approach for men who have sex with men ................... 10 A Systematic Examination of the Use of Online Social Networking Sites for Sexual Health Promotion .............................................................................................................................. 10 Quality of care in the provision of sexual and reproductive health services ......................... 10
Maternal & Child Health............................................................................................ 11

A Manifesto for Motherhood Achieving Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: from Commitment to Action ...................................................................................... 11 Postabortion Care Training Resources ................................................................................. 11 Exclusive breastfeeding promotion by peer counsellors in sub-Saharan Africa (PROMISEEBF): a cluster-randomised trial............................................................................................ 11 The positive deviance/hearth approach to reducing child malnutrition: systematic review .. 12 Guideline: Vitamin A Supplementation in Infants and Children 6-59 Months of Age............ 12
HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 1
Malaria ..................................................................................................................... 12
Malaria Distribution, Prevalence, Drug Resistance and Control in Indonesia ...................... 12 Assessment of LED fluorescence microscopy for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infections in Gabon................................................................................................................ 13 Superiority of 3 Over 2 Doses of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with SulfadoxinePyrimethamine for the Prevention of Malaria During Pregnancy in Mali: A Randomized Controlled Trial ...................................................................................................................... 13 Equity implications of coverage and use of insecticide treated nets distributed for free or with co-payment in two districts in Tanzania: A cross-sectional comparative household survey .................................................................................................................................... 13 Consideration of Mass Drug Administration for the Containment of Artemisinin Resistant Malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion ............................................................................ 14
Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................. 14
Commercial Serodiagnostic Tests for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis......................................... 14 LED Fluorescence Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A MultiCountry Cross-Sectional Evaluation ..................................................................................... 14 GeneXpert - A Game-Changer for Tuberculosis Control? .................................................... 15 Radiographic Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Primer for Clinicians.................................. 15
Other Infectious Diseases......................................................................................... 15

The handling of the H1N1 pandemic: more transparency needed ....................................... 15 The revised global yellow fever risk map and recommendations for vaccination, 2010: consensus of the Informal WHO Working Group on Geographic Risk for Yellow Fever ...... 16 Dengue Virus Infection in Africa ............................................................................................ 16 Epidemiology, surveillance and control of infectious diseases in the European overseas countries and territories, 2011............................................................................................... 16
Non-communicable Diseases ................................................................................... 17

Prioritized Research Agenda for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases .. 17 UN High-Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases: addressing four questions........ 17 Non Communicable Diseases ............................................................................................... 17 Toward a Healthy and Harmonious Life in China: Stemming the Rising Tide of NonCommunicable Diseases....................................................................................................... 18 Chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil: burden and current challenges .................. 18
Essential Medicines .................................................................................................. 18

Preventing substandard, spurious medicines and protecting access to generic medicines in Africa ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Untangling the Web of Antiretroviral Price Reductions ......................................................... 19
Social Protection....................................................................................................... 19
Improving Access through Effective Health Financing.......................................................... 19 Oil for Uganda or Ugandans? Can Cash Transfers Prevent the Resource Curse? .......... 19 What We Know About the Financial Value of Microinsurance for Poor Clients: A Snapshot20 Our Health in Our Hands: Uplift Mutuals ............................................................................... 20
Human Resources.................................................................................................... 20
Addressing the Global Health Workforce Crisis: Challenges for France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK .................................................................................................................. 20 Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools............................................................ 21 Treatment Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Shifting Management of Stable ART Patients to Nurses in South Africa: An Observational Cohort............................................... 21
Health Systems & Research ..................................................................................... 21

Experiences of participatory action research in building people centred health systems and approaches to universal coverage ........................................................................................ 21 Evidence Links Increases in Public Health Spending to Declines in Preventable Deaths ... 22 Verbal autopsy: who needs it? .............................................................................................. 22 Reporting health research: Connecting journalists and TB researchers in Zambia.............. 22
Information & Communication Technology ............................................................... 23

An internet of old things......................................................................................................... 23 Communities of practice: the missing link for knowledge management on implementation issues in low-income countries? ........................................................................................... 23 Healthcare Information for All by 2015: Addressing the information needs of healthcare providers in low-income countries ......................................................................................... 23 Mobile Futures....................................................................................................................... 24 ICT, a genuine tool to reduce isolation and raise health awareness .................................... 24
Education ................................................................................................................. 24
A Global Compact on Learning: Taking Action on Education in Developing Countries........ 24 Subsidising education: are school vouchers the solution? ................................................... 25 Make it Right: Ending the Crisis in Girls Education .............................................................. 25
Harm Reduction and Drug Use................................................................................. 25

Scale-Up of Harm Reduction in Malaysia ............................................................................. 25
Development Assistance .......................................................................................... 26

The Evaluation of the Paris Declaration - Phase 2 ............................................................... 26 Working Party on Aid Effectiveness ...................................................................................... 26 EU donors under Womens Watch........................................................................................ 26 Brazils conception of South-South structural cooperation in health .................................. 27 Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2011 ...................................................................... 27
Others ...................................................................................................................... 27
Weathering the Storm: Adolescent Girls and Climate Change ............................................. 27 South Sudan: A Post-Independence Agenda for Action ....................................................... 28 Nodding Syndrome: Scientists still puzzled by African outbreak .......................................... 28 Evidence-Based African First Aid Guidelines and Training Materials................................... 28
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 29

The African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine (PHCFM) Vol. 3, No. 1 (2011) .................................................................................................................................... 29 MEDICC Review - July 2011, Vol. 13, No. 3......................................................................... 29 Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, Vol. 17 No. 7, 2011 ................................................ 29
INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 29

World Hepatitis Day............................................................................................................... 29 Global Health Interventions: A Review of the Evidence........................................................ 30 The use of epidemiological tools in conflict-affected populations: open-access educational resources for policy-makers .................................................................................................. 30
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 30
Knowledge Management for Health and Development Organizations ................................. 30 Evidence-Based African First Aid Guidelines and Training Materials................................... 31 Health District Management: Priority Setting, Planning and Programme Design ................. 31 New Online Course on Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy...................................... 31
CONFERENCES................................................................ 32
16th International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA 2011) ........................... 32
CARTOON ......................................................................... 32 TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 32

Windows Media Player Volume Shortcut .............................................................................. 32 Shortcut to Windows Task Manager ..................................................................................... 33 Multi-Tab Start-up for Internet Explorer................................................................................. 33
Fair Use: This Newsletter is produced under the principles of 'fair use'. We source relevant news articles, resources and research documents and strive to attribute sources by providing reference and/or direct links to authors and websites. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this newsletter, do not necessarily represent those of GIZ or the editor of HESP-News & Notes. While we make every effort to ensure that all facts and figures quoted by authors are accurate, GIZ and the editor of the Newsletter cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies contained in any articles. Please contact dneuvians@gmx.de if you believe that errors are contained in any article and we will investigate and provide feedback.
BOOKS
Analysing Disrupted Health Sectors - A Modular Manual
by Enrico Pavignani and Sandro Colombo World Health Organization, Department of Recovery and Transition Programmes, Health Action in Crises, 2009 488 pp. 3.7 MB:
http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/tools/disrupted_sectors/adhsm_en.pdf
For an actual free French or Spanish hard copy translation please send a message to Camille Pillon mailto:pillonc@who.int This practical, experience-based, action-oriented manual includes countries on the verge of an economic, political and/or military catastrophe, protracted crises and situations of transition from disaster to recovery. The intended users are apprentice analysts, already with field experience, familiar with quantitative techniques, attempting to analyse a disrupted health sector. The manual offers materials for use, rather than for reading. It is supposed to become a companion, kept on the desk by the apprentice analyst and consulted as the need arises. ***
Environmental burden of disease associated with inadequate housing

Edited by Braubach, M., Jacobs, D.E., Ormandy, D. WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, 2011 238 pp. 2.8 MB:
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/142077/e95004.pdf
This guide describes how to estimate the disease burden caused by inadequate housing conditions for the WHO European Region as well as for sub-regional and national levels. The findings set out in this report provide ample justification for the principle that health should be at the centre of housing policy. Making housing healthy, affordable and sustainable should be a prime objective of all professionals and policy-makers involved in any aspect of housing and of health. This publication provides the evidence they need to make it so. ***
Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Vulnerable and Underserved Populations
by Frederick P. Rivara, Paul C. Erwin, Caswell Evans, Jr. et al. Committee on Oral Health Access to Services; Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, July 2011 242 pp. 2.2 MB: http://download.nap.edu/cart/download.cgi?&record_id=13116&free=1 Access to oral health care is essential to promoting and maintaining overall health and well-being yet only half of the population in the USA visits a dentist each year. Poor and minority children are less likely to have access to oral health care than are their nonpoor and non-minority peers. Older adults, people who live in rural areas, and disabled HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 4
individuals, uniformly confront access barriers, regardless of their financial resources. The consequences of these disparities in access to oral health care can lead to a number of conditions including malnutrition, childhood speech problems, infections, diabetes, heart disease, and premature births.
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
Global Health Political will for better health, a bottom-up process
by Wim De Ceukelaire, Pol De Vos, and Bart Criel Tropical Medicine & International Health, Article first published online: 24 June 2011 5 pp. 55 kB: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.13653156.2011.02817.x/pdf Research has demonstrated that economic development, which has doubtlessly contributed to the improvement of the health status in high-income societies, does not automatically have positive implications for population health. Throughout history, polit ical decisions have had a tremendous impact on population health. More often than not, these policies were a response to pressure from below by social movements. ***
Global Public-Private Health Partnerships: lessons learned from ten years of experience and evaluation
by Kent Buse and Sonja Tanaka International Dental Journal, 61 (Suppl. 2): 2-10; first published online: 20 July 2011 9 pp. 128 kB:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00034.x/asset/j.1875595X.2011.00034.x.pdf?v=1&t=gqmjksyi&s=1b8f1d0dfc1c958dc47259fca337e006dea3d4b5
Global Health Partnerships (GHPs) have contributed significantly to improved global health outcomes as well as the manner in which global health is governed. The authors reviewed and synthesised findings from eight independent evaluations of GHPs as well as research projects conducted by the authors over the past several years. This paper presents the major drivers of the GHP trend, briefly reviews the significant contributions of GHPs to global health and sets out common findings from evaluations of these global health governance instruments.
HIV - AIDS - STI An Exploratory Analysis of HIV Treatment Research & Development Investments in 2009
by Eleonora Jimnez-Levi, Mark Harrington, and Kevin Fisher HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 5
Treatment Action Group (TAG), AVAC and UNAIDS, July 2011 43 pp. 828 kB: http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/d ocument/2011/07/20110719_HIV_RT_report.pdf Data collected for the first time on global investments in HIV treatmentrelated research and development showed that at least US$ 2.46 billion was available in 2009. This report is a preliminary assessment of global investments in research and development (R&D) devoted to the discovery and development of new therapies and treatment strategies for HIV. As part of a broader effort to track and analyze HIV/AIDS spending, UNAIDS commissioned the Treatment Action Group (TAG) and AVAC to measure global R&D spending for HIV treatment, starting with the year 2009. ***
Capitalizing on Scientific Progress: Investment in HIV Prevention R&D in 2010

HIV Vaccines and Microbicides Resource Tracking Working Group, July 2011 42 pp. 540 kB:
http://www.hivresourcetracking.org/sites/default/files/Capitalizing%20on%20Scien tific%20Progress-%20Investment%20in%20HIV%20Prevention%20R&D%20in%202010_1.pdf
New funding data for 2010 reveal that even in the context of the recent global recession, research funding for four key HIV prevention options - preventive vaccines, microbicides, PrEP and operations research related to medical male circumcision - totalled US$ 1.19 billion, approaching the historical high of US$ 1.23 billion reached in 2007 for these four research areas. The uptick in funding is certainly good news, but we cannot rest on our laurels. Transforming promising concepts into products will continue to require substantial investments over the coming years that can be quickly and flexibly applied to best take advantage of new developments. ***
Guidelines on surveillance among populations most at risk for HIV

by Donna Stroup and Carolyn Smith World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), July 2011 49 pp. 2.0 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501668_eng.pdf The overall goal of this document is to provide guidance on how to develop and maintain HIV surveillance among populations most at risk for HIV. Ultimately, these surveillance activities should improve the overall understanding of HIV in countries and improve the response to HIV. This guide complements the second generation surveillance guidelines on how to conduct HIV surveillance activities in low- and middle-income countries. ***
Circumcision of HIV-infected men and transmission of human papillomavirus to female partners: analyses of data from a randomised trial in Rakai, Uganda
by Aaron AR Tobian, Xiangrong Kong, Maria J Wawer et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 11, Issue 8, pp. 604-612, August 2011 9 pp. 151 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS147330991170038X.pdf Male circumcision reduces the transmission of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-uninfected men and their female partners. The authors assessed whether circumcision of HIV-infected men would reduce the transmission of high-risk HPV to their female partners. They conclude that it did not affect transmission of HPV to their female partners and promotion of consistent safe sexual practices for HIV-infected men remains important. ***
The Global HIV Epidemics among Men Who Have Sex with Men
by Chris Beyrer, Andrea L. Wirtz, Damian Walker et al. The World Bank in partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, June 2011 402 pp. 4.5 MB: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTHIVAIDS/Resources/3757981103037153392/MSMReport.pdf The study shows that Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) are at significantly higher risk for HIV infection than other groups in many low-and middle-income countries, where fewer than 1 in 10 MSM worldwide have access to even the most basic package of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment services. The authors urge governments and donors to target MSM in national HIV/AIDS programs as an essential step toward rever sing the global epidemic. ***
The Impact of the New WHO Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines on HIV Epidemic Dynamics and Cost in South Africa
by Jan A. C. Hontelez, Sake J. de Vlas, Frank Tanser et al. PLoS ONE 6(7): e21919 (20 July 2011) 9 pp. 743 kB:
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=2A9B0C403A3513F9CEF2 75585801545A.ambra01?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0021919&representation=PDF
Since November 2009, WHO recommends that adults infected with HIV should initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) at CD4+ cell counts of 350 cells/l rather than 200 cells/l. South Africa decided to adopt this strategy for pregnant and TB co-infected patients only. The authors estimated the impact of fully adopting the new WHO guidelines on HIV epidemic dynamics and associated costs. Their study strengthens the WHO recommendation of starting ART at 350 cells/l for all HIV-infected patients. *** HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 7
Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy

by Myron S. Cohen, Ying Q. Chen, Marybeth McCauley et al. N Engl J Med; July 18, 2011 13 pp. 382 kB: http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1105243 The authors describe the results of the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 study, which has now provided definitive proof that (as suggested by the findings of pr evious cohort studies) antiretroviral treatment reduces the rate of sexual transmission of HIV-1. The receipt of antiretroviral therapy by the infected partner decreased transmission to the uninfected partner as well as rates of clinical events in the HIV-1-infected partner. ***
HIV prevention transformed: the new prevention research agenda

by Nancy S Padian, Sandra I McCoy, Salim S Abdool Karim et al. The Lancet, Vol. 378, Issue 9787, pp. 269-278, 16 July 2011 10 pp. 113 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611608775.pdf?i d=40bade4753939e7f:-5215c53a:131492a3fbd:-39651311194439943 In this Review the authors analyse trends in the rapidly changing landscape of HIV prevention, and chart a new path for HIV prevention research that focuses on the implementation of effective and efficient combination prevention strategies to turn the tide on the HIV pandemic. ***
Antiretroviral prophylaxis: a defining moment in HIV control

by Salim S Abdool Karim and Quarraisha Abdool Karim The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 18 July 2011 3 pp. 96 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611611367.pdf A defining moment in the global AIDS response has been reached. The discourse is no longer about HIV prevention or HIV treatment; it is now about HIV control through the implementation of antiretrovirals as key components of combination interventions. Barely a year ago, visions of HIV control would have been considered far-fetched. ***
Intravaginal insertion in KwaZulu-Natal: sexual practices and preferences in the context of microbicide gel use
by Mitzy Gafos, Misiwe Mzimela, Sizakele Sukazi et al. Culture, Health & Sexuality, Vol. 12, No. 8, November 2010, 929-942 14 pp. 138 kB: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13691058.2010.507876 Intravaginal insertion is often associated with the concept of dry sex. All HIV prevention HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 8
microbicides tested to date have been vaginally applied lubricant-based gels. In this paper, the authors examine whether the use of intravaginal insertions could be in conflict with the introduction of vaginal microbicide gels. Study findings provide evidence that vaginal microbicide gels may be more acceptable in communities where intravaginal insertion is practiced than was previously thought. ***
Effect of concurrent sexual partnerships on rate of new HIV infections in a high-prevalence, rural South African population: a cohort study
by Frank Tanser, Till Brnighausen, Lauren Hund et al. The Lancet, Vol. 378, Issue 9787, pp. 247-255, 16 July 2011 9 pp. 535 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611607794.pdf Concurrent sexual partnerships are widely believed to be one of the main drivers of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the effect of concurrent partnerships on HIV incidence has not been appropriately tested in a sub-Saharan African setting. The authors conclude that the spread of HIV is driven more by how many sexual partners a person has in their lifetime rather than having more than one lover at a time. ***
Faith-Based Organizations and HIV Prevention with Most-at-Risk Populations in Mexico

by Heather Bergmann and Aysa Saleh-Ramrez AIDSTAR-One, Case Study Series, May 2011 12 pp. 648 kB: http://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/AIDSTAROne_FBOs_and_HIV_Prevention_Mexico.pdf This case study describes the work of 3 Mexican faith-based organisations (FBOs) that are reaching out to most at risk populations (MARPs) who may have been overlooked by traditional HIV prevention outreach. The premise is that, despite limited resources for HIV prevention, FBOs can leverage their leadership in the community to reach MARPs with information about healthy sexuality, including prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and can expand access to HIV testing, care, and treatment. ***
Adoption of formal HIV and AIDS workplace policies: An analysis of industry/sector variations
by Rhoda Bakuwa Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, Vol. 7, No. 4, December 2010 8 pp. 213 kB: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/saharaj/article/download/67738/55835 Increasing evidence reveals that the majority of companies around the world are yet to acknowledge and respond to HIV and AIDS as a workplace issue. This study sought to empirically examine whether in the context of Malawi there were significant variations in HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 9
the adoption of formal HIV and AIDS workplace policies based on the industry/sector in which a company was operating, as well as analyse the dynamics underlying such variations. The results provide an important avenue to scale up company responses to HIV and AIDS by intensifying staff participation in the activities of HIV and AIDS institutions.
Sexual & Reproductive Health From top to bottom: A sex-positive approach for men who have sex with men
A manual for healthcare providers by Glenn de Swardt, Kevin Rebe, James McIntyre et al. Anova Health Institute, 2011 98 pp. 1.3 MB: http://www.anovahealth.co.za/images/uploads/TOP2BTM_manual_WEB2.pdf This manual draws on the experience of the Anova Health Institutes Health4Men project that provides sexual health services for men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa. The manual is a resource to assist health care workers to provide appropriate and accessible psycho-social and medical care for MSM. ***
A Systematic Examination of the Use of Online Social Networking Sites for Sexual Health Promotion
by Judy Gold, Alisa E Pedrana, Rachel Sacks-Davis et al. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:583 (21 July 2011) 23 pp. 688 kB: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-11-583.pdf Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are being used for sexual health promotion, although the extent to which they are utilised varies greatly, and the vast majority of activities are unreported in the scientific literature. Future studies should examine the key factors for success among those activities attracting a large and active user base, and how su ccess might be measured, in order to guide the development of future health promotion activities in this emerging setting. ***
Quality of care in the provision of sexual and reproductive health services

Evidence from a WHO research initiative by Shawn Malarcher and Iqbal Shah World Health Organization (WHO), June 2011 36 pp. 885 kB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501897_eng.pdf This paper summarizes the evidence that emerged from 25 research studies completed between 2001 and 2010 and supported by the Social Science and Operations Research Initiative on Quality of Care in Sexual and Reproductive Health. The studies covered a HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 10
range of topics in sexual and reproductive health, in a variety of country and cultural settings. However, a common thread ran across these studies presented in this publication.
Maternal & Child Health A Manifesto for Motherhood Achieving Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: from Commitment to Action
by Ruth Duebbert and Sarah Hyde Women and Children First (UK) June 2011 14 pp. 2.0 MB: http://www.wcf-uk.org/images/stories/docs/Manifesto-Pack.pdf This briefing is a collaborative effort to increase political and financial support for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health and survival in developing countries. It is aimed at UK parliamentarians. The briefing includes a series of key actions to which parliamentarians can and should commit. These are endorsed by all the organisations listed on the briefing, representing a strong platform of support for our joint priorities and demands. ***
Postabortion Care Training Resources

http://www.postabortioncare.org/training/training4.shtm l The USAID Postabortion Care Working Group is pleased to announce the publication of the global Postabortion Care Curriculum. It includes evidence from more than 15 years of research in postabortion care as well as communication materials and job aids for providers. It is designed for use in postabortion care educational and service delivery programs, and can be adapted for pre-service, in-service and structured, competencybased, on-the-job training programs. ***
Exclusive breastfeeding promotion by peer counsellors in sub-Saharan Africa (PROMISE-EBF): a cluster-randomised trial
by Thorkild Tylleskr, Debra Jackson, Nicolas Meda et al. The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 12 July 2011 8 pp. 194 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611607381.pdf Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is reported to be a life-saving intervention in low-income settings. The effect of breastfeeding counselling by peer counsellors was assessed in Africa. The authors conclude that low-intensity individual breastfeeding peer counselling is achievable and, although it does not affect the diarrhoea prevalence, can be used to effectively increase EBF prevalence in many sub-Saharan African settings. ***
The positive deviance/hearth approach to reducing child malnutrition: systematic review

by Piroska A. Bisits Bullen Tropical Medicine & International Health, Article first published online: 12 July 2011 13 pp. 119 kB: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02839.x/pdf The Positive Deviance/Hearth approach aims to rehabilitate malnourished children using practices from mothers in the community who have well-nourished children despite living in poverty. This study assesses its effectiveness in a range of settings. Overall it shows mixed results in terms of program effectiveness, although some Positive Deviance/Hearth programs have clearly been successful in particular settings. Further research is needed using more robust study designs and larger sample sizes. ***
Guideline: Vitamin A Supplementation in Infants and Children 6-59 Months of Age

by Lisa Rogers, Juan Pablo Pea-Rosas, Rajiv Bahl et al. World Health Organization, July 2011 29 pp. 565 kB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501767_eng.pdf Infants and children have increased vitamin A requirements to support rapid growth and to help them combat infections. In settings where vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem, this guideline provides global, evidence-informed recommendations on the use of vitamin A supplements in infants and children 6-59 months of age for the reduction of morbidity and mortality.
Malaria Malaria Distribution, Prevalence, Drug Resistance and Control in Indonesia

by Iqbal R.F. Elyazar, Simon I. Hay, and J. Kevin Baird Advances in Parasitology, Vol. 74, 2011, pp. 41-175 135 pp. 1.3 MB (free registration required): http://www.malarianexus.com/articles/read/165/malaria-distributionprevalence-drug-resistance-and-control-in-indonesia/ Each year Indonesias 230 million people collectively suffer at least several million cases of malaria caused by all four known species of human Plasmodium. Despite a long history of pioneering work in malaria prevention, treatment and control reaching back to the early 1900s, no systematic review of malaria in Indonesia has yet been undertaken. This publication attempts to remedy this with a detailed examination of the genesis, nature and outcome of control strategies, along with a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed and published work on malaria. ***
Assessment of LED fluorescence microscopy for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infections in Gabon
by Dominic Lenz, Peter G Kremsner, Bertrand Lell et al. Malaria Journal 2011, 10:194 (18 July 2011) 18 pp. 304 kB: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-10-194.pdf Light microscopy (LM) of Giemsa-stained thick blood smears is the gold standard for diagnosis of malaria. Under optimal conditions the procedure is fast and reliable; nevertheless a gain in speed would be a great advantage. Rapid diagnosis tests are an alternative, although they cost more and give qualitative instead of quantitative results. Lightemitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscopy (ledFM 400x, 1000x) is a reliable, acc urate, fast and inexpensive tool for daily routine malaria diagnosis and may be used as a point of care diagnostic tool. ***
Superiority of 3 Over 2 Doses of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine for the Prevention of Malaria During Pregnancy in Mali: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Oumou M. Maiga, Kassoum Kayentao, Boubacar T. Traore et al. Clin Infect Dis. 53 (3): 215-223, 1 August 2011 9 pp. 361 kB: http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/3/215.full.pdf+html In 2003, Mali introduced intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (ITPp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for the control of malaria in pregnancy, consisting of 2 doses of SP given in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. Adding a third dose of ITPp-SP halved the risk of placental malaria, LBW, and preterm births in all gravidae, compared with the standard 2-dose regimen, in this area of highly seasonal transmission with low levels of SP resistance. ***
Equity implications of coverage and use of insecticide treated nets distributed for free or with co-payment in two districts in Tanzania: A crosssectional comparative household survey
by George M Ruhago, Phares G. M. Mujinja and Ole F Norheim International Journal for Equity in Health 2011, 10:29 (21 July 201) 26 pp. 485 kB: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/pdf/1475-9276-10-29.pdf In Tanzania, the distribution and coverage of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is inequitable. Arguments about the most effective and equitable approach to distributing ITNs are centered on whether to provide ITNs free of charge or continue with existing social ma rketing strategies. The results of this study shed some light on the possibility of reducing inequality in ownership and use of ITNs and attaining Roll Back Malaria and Millennium Development Goals through the provision of free ITNs to all. This has the potential to decrease the burden of disease and reduce disparity in disease outcome. ***
Consideration of Mass Drug Administration for the Containment of Artemisinin Resistant Malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Report of a Consensus Meeting, 27-28 September 2010, Geneva, Switzerland Edited by Elisabeth Heseltine World Health Organization, July 2011 46 pp. 2.9 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501644_eng.pdf Mass Drug Administration (MDA) is the practice of treating a whole population within a given geographical area, irrespective of the presence of symptoms and without diagnostic testing. In September 2010, the WHO Global Malaria Programme convened a mee ting of experts to evaluate the appropriateness of including MDA as part of the strategy to contain artemisinin-resistant parasites in the Greater Mekong Subregion. This report reflects the discussions, conclusions and recommendations of the expert group.
Tuberculosis Commercial Serodiagnostic Tests for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

WHO Policy Statement by Karin Weyer, Fuad Mirzayev, Wayne van Gemert et al. World Health Organization, 2011 26 pp. 293 kB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241502054_eng.pdf Commercial serological tests provide inconsistent and imprecise findings resulting in highly variable values for sensitivity and specificity. There is no evidence that existing commercial serological assays improve patient-important outcomes, and high proportions of false-positive and false-negative results adversely impact patient safety. Overall data quality was graded as very low and it is strongly recommended that these tests not be used for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB! ***
LED Fluorescence Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Evaluation
by Luis Eduardo Cuevas, Najla Al-Sonboli, Lovett Lawson et al. PLoS Med 8(7): e1001057 (12 July 2011) 10 pp. 177 kB:
http://clinicaltrials.ploshubs.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=AC46F6D8371A3A243A6 218692B8910B9.ambra01?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001057&representation=PDF
The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in resource-limited settings relies on Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy. LED fluorescence microscopy (LED-FM) has many potential advantages over ZN smear microscopy, but requires evaluation in the field. The authors conclude that LED-FM had higher sensitivity but, in this study, lower specificity than ZN smear microscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary TB. Performance was independent of the scheme used for collecting specimens. The introduction of LED-FM needs to be accompanied by appropriate training, quality management, and monitoring of performance in the field. HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 14
GeneXpert - A Game-Changer for Tuberculosis Control?

by Carlton A. Evans PLoS Med 8(7): e1001064 (26 July 2011) 4 pp. 83 kB:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=1C69A9A18310BD3394DB D01C046E38CC.ambra01?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001064&representation=PDF
Tuberculosis (TB) kills more people than any other single infection, the global burden of TB cases and drug resistance are increasing, and most patients still only have access to an inadequate diagnostic test developed more than a century ago. Recent evaluations of a desktop machine called the GeneXpert MTB/RIF that in less than two hours simultaneously detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tests for drug resistance have stim ulated tremendous enthusiasm. Is this the breakthrough that TB control has been waiting for? ***
Radiographic Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Primer for Clinicians

by Charles L. Daley, Michael B. Gotway, Robert M. Jasmer Curry International Tuberculosis Center; 2nd Edition, January 2011 125 pp. 115 MB(!): http://www.currytbcenter.ucsf.edu/radiographic/docs/Radiographic _Complete_2ndEd.pdf Using a self-study format, this publication presents the basic principles of how radiographs capture images, normal chest radiographic anatomy and interpret ation of disease patterns. The radiographic presentations for tuberculosis are covered in detail and reinforced with clinical case exercises.
Other Infectious Diseases The handling of the H1N1 pandemic: more transparency needed
Memorandum by Paul Flynn, United Kingdom Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, 2010 9 pp. 198 kB:
http://assembly.coe.int/CommitteeDocs/2010/20100329_MemorandumPandemie_E.pdf
The report - prepared on the flu pandemic for the Council of Europe - expresses alarm about the way the pandemic was handled. It criticizes the proportionality of the response and argues that over reaction led to waste of public money, distortion of public health priorities and unjustified fears about health risks. It identifies grave shortcomings in the transparency of decision-making processes and concerns about the influence of the pharmaceutical industry. The World Health Organization (WHO) comes in for particular criticism for failing to publish the declarations of interest of members of its Emergency Committee, the group advising director general Dr Margaret Chan on the pandemic r esponse. ***
The revised global yellow fever risk map and recommendations for vaccination, 2010: consensus of the Informal WHO Working Group on Geographic Risk for Yellow Fever
by Emily S Jentes, Gilles Poumerol, Mark D Gershman et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 11, Issue 8, pp. 622-632, August 2011 11 pp. 1.7 MB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473309911701475.pdf The changing epidemiology of yellow fever and continued reports of rare but serious adverse events associated with yellow fever vaccine have drawn attention to the need to revisit criteria for the designation of areas with risk for yellow fever virus activity, and to revise the vaccine recommendations for international travel. This report details the recommendations made by a WHO working group about criteria for the designation of risk and specific changes to the classification of areas with risk for transmission of ye llow fever virus. ***
Dengue Virus Infection in Africa

by Ananda Amarasinghe, Joel N. Kuritsky, G. William Letson et al. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 17, No. 8, August 2011 6 pp. 126 kB: http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/17/8/pdfs/101515.pdf Reported incidence of dengue has increased worldwide in recent decades, but little is known about its incidence in Africa. Dengue is likely under-recognized and underreported in Africa because of low awareness by health care providers, other prevalent febrile illnesses, and lack of diagnostic testing and systematic surveillance. Population based studies of febrile illness are needed to determine the epidemiology and true inc idence of dengue in Africa. ***
Epidemiology, surveillance and control of infectious diseases in the European overseas countries and territories, 2011
by J Jones, M Gastellu-Etchegorry, F K Stenz et al. Eurosurveillance, Volume 16, Issue 29, 21 July 2011 Read online at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19923 The 25 European overseas countries and territories (OCTs) are closely associated with the European Union (EU) through the four related UE Member States: Denmark, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. As a result of their diversity the OCTs have heterogeneous epidemiological profiles. A common factor, however, is that the main burden of disease is non-communicable. Nevertheless, OCTs remain vulnerable to infectious diseases outbreaks. Their capacity for surveillance, early detection and response to such outbreaks is generally limited, with laboratory capacity issues and lack of human resources. ***
Non-communicable Diseases Prioritized Research Agenda for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases
World Health Organization, Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion, 2011 424 pp. 2.4 MB:
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564205_CD_eng.pdf
The global WHO noncommunicable disease research agenda will provide guidance to Member States in understanding and identifying key public health research needs r elated to noncommunicable diseases. To this end, the WHO has produced this series of papers on research priorities in specific health areas, with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries. ***
UN High-Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases: addressing four questions

by Robert Beaglehole, Ruth Bonita, George Alleyne et al. The Lancet, Vol. 378, Issue 9789, pp. 449-455, 30 July 2011 7 pp. 181 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611608799.pdf Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), principally heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases, are a global crisis and require a global response. The UN High-Level Meeting (UN HLM) on NCDs in September, 2011, is an opportunity to stimulate a coordinated global response to NCDs. To achieve the promise of the UN HLM, several questions must be addressed. In this report, the authors present the realities of the situation by answering four questions: is there really a global crisis of NCDs; how is NCD a development issue; are affordable and cost-effective interventions available; and do we really need high-level leadership and accountability? ***
Non Communicable Diseases

The Partnership for Maternal, Neonatal & Child Health (PMNCH) Knowledge Summary # 15 - June 2011 4 pp. 1.5 MB: http://portal.pmnch.org/downloads/low/KS15-low.pdf To reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5, accelerated progress is required. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) can impede progress towards the MDGs and severely affect womens and childrens health worldwide. Increasing exposure to NCD risk factors affects not only womens and childrens health, but also increases the vulnerability of future generations to ill-health. ***
Toward a Healthy and Harmonious Life in China: Stemming the Rising Tide of Non-Communicable Diseases
by Shiyong Wang, Patricio Marquez, John Langenbrunner et al. The World Bank Human Development Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region, July 2011 48 pp. 424 kB: http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/NC D_report_en.pdf The report discusses why priority attention to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is now required in China, articulates what would constitute an effective NCD response, and proposes how to operationalize the response over the medium and longer terms. The report provides compelling evidence on the economic and social consequences of this epidemic and suggests a range of policies and strategies to confront and prevent them. ***
Chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil: burden and current challenges

by Maria Ins Schmidt, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Gulnar Azevedo e Silva et al. The Lancet, Vol. 377, Issue 9781, pp. 1949-1961, 4 June 2011 13 pp. 333 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611601359.pdf Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major health priority in Brazil 72% of all deaths were attributable to NCDs in 2007. The unfavourable trends for most major risk factors pose an enormous challenge and call for additional and timely action and policies, especially those of a legislative and regulatory nature and those providing cost-effective chronic care for individuals affected by NCDs.
Essential Medicines Preventing substandard, spurious medicines and protecting access to generic medicines in Africa
by R Machemedze, R Loewenson, P Nyagura EQUINET, SEATINI, TARSC, May 2011 4 pp. 81 kB: http://seatini.org/publications/policybriefs/preventing_substandard_medicines.pdf This policy brief addresses definitions of counterfeit, substandard and generic medicines. It points to the separate measures and mandates needed to combat firstly fraudulent trade mark and intellectual property (IP) infringement in counterfeit medicines by IP authorities, secondly to ensure that any anti-counterfeit measures protect TRIPS flexibilities, including for access to generic medicines; and thirdly to ensure that national drug regulatory authorities ensure that substandard medicines do not compromise health. ***
Untangling the Web of Antiretroviral Price Reductions

Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF), 14th Edition, July 2011 112 pp. 3.1 MB: http://aids2011.msf.org/sites/default/files/reports/AIDS_report_UT W14_ENG_2011_FINAL.pdf While there is continued progress to reduce prices for the poorest countries, a significant number of people with HIV/AIDS live in countries that are now excluded from price reductions. This development comes on the heels of a number of d eveloping countries being excluded from the recent agreement between drug company Gilead and the new Medicines Patent Pool, which aims to increase access to affordable ARVs by negotiating licensing that can be used by generic manufacturers.
Social Protection Improving Access through Effective Health Financing

Reader of the Swiss TPHs Spring Symposium 2011 Medicus Mundi Schweiz, Network Health for All, June 2011 68 pp. 2.0 MB: http://www.medicusmundi.ch/mms/network/basics/filefolder07051 68886/mmsfile.2011-07-01.1712451803/at_download/file The Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute held its annual Spring Symposium on April 5th, 2011. This event focused on Improving Access through Effective Health Financing. Invited speakers and experts from international organizations, partner countries and the Swiss TPH presented experiences and discussed options and strategies for improving access to health services through effective health financing. Other topics in this publication: Transforming Community Health Funds in Tanzania Improving financial access to healthcare through mutual health organisations? Too Poor for Health Insurance? The Case of Tajikistan Building up Health Insurance: the Experience of Ghana Reaching People through Micro Insurance: The Case of India Pioneering Social Health Insurance in Tanzania: The Case of the National Health Insurance Fund ***
Oil for Uganda or Ugandans? Can Cash Transfers Prevent the Resource Curse?
by Alan Gelb and Stephanie Majerowicz Center for Global Development - Working Paper 261, July 2011 28 pp. 612 kB: http://www.cgdev.org/files/1425327_file_Oil_Uganda_Transfers_Gelb_FINAL_.pdf This paper considers the tradeoffs and potential impact of alternative uses of the oil rent. It considers distributing oil rents to the population through cash transfers - as a potential tool to mitigate some of the governance risks associated with oil revenues by giving Ugandan citizens a stake in their own resource wealth, and considers the strengths HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 19
and limitations of such an approach. ***
What We Know About the Financial Value of Microinsurance for Poor Clients: A Snapshot
Microinsurance Learning and Knowledge (MILK), July 2011 3 pp. 95 kB:
http://www.microinsurancecentre.org/UploadDocuments/110719%20MILK%20Brief%204 %20-%20What%20we%20know%20about%20MI%20financial%20value%20for%20clients.pdf
While research is suggestive of financial value in microinsurance, we have few concrete answers. There are simply not enough existing studies, particularly of products other than health insurance, and those that are available often overlook considerations that offer a fuller understanding of the value of microinsurance. This brief aims to provide guidance for researchers, stakeholders and practitioners in framing research questions and to encourage new studies that build a more complete understanding of the added value of microinsurance as a financial risk management tool for the poor. ***
Our Health in Our Hands: Uplift Mutuals

PROSPER The International Cooperative and Mutual Insurance Federation (ICMIF) Development Magazine, Issue 9, August 2011 32 pp. 1.5 MB: http://www.icmif.org/wp-content/plugins/downloadmonitor/download.php?id=Prosper-9-English.pdf Cooperatives are a reminder to the international community that it is possible to pursue both economic viability and social responsibility, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon says. Prosper underlines this statement by providing an insight in some of the many activities that are happening around the world to create and strengthen new cooperative and mutual insurance activities.
Human Resources Addressing the Global Health Workforce Crisis: Challenges for France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK
by Rebekah Webb Action for Global Health (AfGH), January 2011 40 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.actionforglobalhealth.eu/fileadmin/AfGH_Intranet/AFGH /Publications/HRH_REPORT_-_SCOPE_WEB_LORES_.pdf This report compares the foreign and domestic policies regarding health workers in the five EU countries home to the Action for Global Health (AfGH) network, which have some of the highest densities of doctors and nurses in the world. It looks at the reasons for health shortages in both source and destination countries, exploring what needs to change or to be put into practice in order to fulfill the requirements of the WHO Code of HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 20
Practice and to strengthen health systems in the developing world. ***
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools

by Helen Tata, Tana Wuliji, Enrico Cinnella WHO Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies & Human Resources for Health, 2011 107 pp. 784 kB: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/coordination/hrp_tool.pdf Pharmacists represent the third largest healthcare professional group in the world. Despite their critical importance, information about the total workforce in the pharmaceut ical sector is not available. Such information is critical not only in the planning but also in the delivery of services. Consequently, national plans and budgets fail to adequately provide for the required investment in training, deployment and continuous development of pharmaceutical personnel as a social and economic priority. There is therefore a need for countries to develop the necessary evidence base to support appropriate pharmaceutical Human Resources policies and strategies. ***
Treatment Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Shifting Management of Stable ART Patients to Nurses in South Africa: An Observational Cohort
by Lawrence Long, Alana Brennan, Matthew P. Fox et al. PLoS Med 8(7): e1001055 (19 July 2011) 10 pp. 330 kB: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Adoi %2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001055&representation=PDF To address human resource and infrastructure shortages, resource-constrained countries are being encouraged to shift HIV care to lesser trained care providers and lower level health care facilities. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of down-referring stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients from a doctor-managed, hospital-based ART clinic to a nurse-managed primary health care facility in Johannesburg, South Africa. The results suggest that this strategy would increase treatment capacity and conserve resources without compromising patient outcomes.
Health Systems & Research Experiences of participatory action research in building people centred health systems and approaches to universal coverage
by R. Loewenson, W. Flores, A. Shukla et al. Training and Research Support Centre, Regional Network for Equity in Health in East and Southern Africa (EQUINET), December 2010 20 pp. 838 kB:
http://equinetafrica.org/bibl/docs/GSHSR%20PRA%20report%20Dec%202010.pdf
This report presents different experiences of using participatory action research (PAR) in health systems from India, East and Southern Africa, Guatemala and Canada. These experiences are used to explore and discuss the learning on methods, on the knowledge generated and the implications for health systems, and what this means for the profile and practice of PAR. ***
Evidence Links Increases in Public Health Spending to Declines in Preventable Deaths

by Glen P. Mays and Sharla A. Smith Health Affairs, Vol. 30, No. 7, July 2011 10 pp. 503 kB: http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2011/07/19/hlthaff.201 1.0196.full.pdf#page=1&view=FitH The authors found that mortality rates fell between 1.1 percent and 6.9 percent for each 10 percent increase in local public health spending. These results suggest that increased public health investments can produce measurable improvements in health, especially in low-resource communities. However, more money by itself is unlikely to generate significant and sustainable health gains; improvements in public health practices are needed as well. ***
Verbal autopsy: who needs it?

by Carla AbouZahr Population Health Metrics 2011, 9:19 (27 July 2011) 6 pp. 157 kB: http://www.pophealthmetrics.com/content/pdf/1478-7954-9-19.pdf Verbal autopsy has long been used to generate mortality data, often with the needs of specific programs, such as child and maternal mortality, in mind. This led to a proliferation of instruments and the resulting data were rarely comparable across research sites or over time. While verbal autopsy may not be as reliable as hospital-based certification for identifying causes of death, it is able to produce information not available from a medical certificate. Given the variety of users and uses, it is legitimate to ask whether a single data collection instrument can respond to all user demands. ***
Reporting health research: Connecting journalists and TB researchers in Zambia

by Ingrid Yngstrom Panos London, June 2011 16 pp. 1.5 MB: http://panos.org.uk/wp-content/files/2011/07/FINAL-relay-tb-layoutfinal-WEB.pdf The communications project to improve media reporting on tuberculosis (TB) in Zambia brought together journalists and TB researchers to explore stigma around tuberculosis and to explore areas of potential conflict and collaboration. Health researchers then acted as expert advisors to journalists who produced a series of national newspaper arHESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 22
ticles and radio programmes on both national and community radio. The case study describes the partnership and includes several useful recommendations for organisations interested in undertaking similar projects to report research.
Information & Communication Technology An internet of old things

by Chris Speed Digital Creativity 2010, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 239-246 8 pp. 261 kB: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14626268.2010.555915 This paper reflects upon the temporal characteristics of the emerging phenomenon known as the Internet of Things. As objects become individually tagged with unique identities through the addition of small electronic chips or bar codes, their history is recorded and made available to others across a network. The advent of this ever-growing catalogue of histories means that every object will be in touch with its current and pr evious owner at all times and suggests that while we as owners might like to forget about an object, we will never truly be detached from them. ***
Communities of practice: the missing link for knowledge management on implementation issues in low-income countries?
by Bruno Meessen, Seni Kouanda, Laurent Musango et al. Tropical Medicine & International Health, Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 1007-1014, August 2011 8 pp. 76 kB: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02794.x/pdf The implementation of policies remains a huge challenge in many low-income countries. Several factors play a role in this, but improper management of existing knowledge is no doubt a major issue. A growing group of experts think a community of practice is the way forward. A community of practice can be defined as a group of people who decide to deepen their knowledge and expertise in an area by interacting on an ongoing basis. ***
Healthcare Information for All by 2015: Addressing the information needs of healthcare providers in low-income countries
HIFA2015 Conference Report - BMA House, London, 9th May 2011 by Paul Chinnock, Jonathan Parker and Abi Smith, July 2011 10 pp. 278 kB: http://www.hifa2015.org/wp-content/uploads/HIFA2015-Conference-Report.pdf The Healthcare Information for All by 2015 (HIFA2015) campaign was launched in 2006 with the goal of progressively meeting the information needs of healthcare providers. Neil Pakenham-Walsh, coordinator of HIFA2015, said when the campaign was launched there had been a lot of scepticism that healthcare providers in developing countries HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 23
would have the technology to access health information. Yet there was now a phenomenal explosion in mobile phone ownership throughout the world. He told the meeting: This is a marathon, not a sprint. ***
Mobile Futures
by Gayatri Murthy AudienceScapes Project at InterMedia, June 2011 11 pp. 284 kB: http://audiencescapes.org/sites/default/files/AudienceScapes%20Briefs_Mobile% 20Futures_Murthy%20Gayatri.pdf Unprecedented growth in mobile phone access in emerging economies is the success story of this decade - but what about disadvantaged citizens in these countries who continue to confront a digital divide? In many cases, they also represent the largest pote ntial market for mobile operators. The author digs into the data so that development practitioners and mobile operators can understand the disparities and opportunities in these countries. ***
ICT, a genuine tool to reduce isolation and raise health awareness

by Samba Togola and Bndicte Marcilly International Institute for Communication and Development, January 2011 12 pp. 529 kB:
http://www.iicd.org/about/publications/ict-a-genuine-tool-to-reduce-isolation-and-raise-health-awarenessmali/at_multi_download/files?name=ICT,%20a%20genuine%20tool%20to%20reduce%20isolation%20and%20raise%2 0health%20awareness%20-%20Mali.pdf
This learning brief describes the lessons learned from a project that establishes an effective system to distribute health information to people in the Mand and Tiakadougou regions in Mali. It has been written for professionals in the sector who are seeking inspiration from this experience and for organisations that would like to implement similar projects.
Education A Global Compact on Learning: Taking Action on Education in Developing Countries

by Jenny Perlman Robinson Center for Universal Education at Brookings, June 2011 79 pp. 2.1 MB: http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/reports/2011/0609_glob al_compact/0609_global_compact.pdf In developing countries, one additional year of education adds about 10 percent to a persons earnings. For example, if all children in low-income countries left school knowing how to read, something which currently does not happen, then 171 million people could move out of poverty. There is broad agreement - and significant evidence - that education enhances peoples ability to lead happier, healthier, and more productive lives. HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 24
Subsidising education: are school vouchers the solution?

by Rabi Thapa, Shanti Mahendra, Juan E Saavedra et al. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) Enduring Questions Brief Number 16, July 2010 5 pp. 131 kB: http://www.3ieimpact.org/admin/pdfs/Vouchers_EQ_16_July_1.pdf Good quality education is out of reach for many poor people, due to its high costs. Governments try to make it more accessible by subsidizing it. School vouchers provide one means subsidize education. However, this evidence is limited to two cases in Latin America with a well developed institutional structure, Colombia and Chile. The relevance of voucher schemes for other developing countries, and how replicable they are to other contexts, is unclear. More evidence is needed from more countries to draw more conclusive lessons. ***
Make it Right: Ending the Crisis in Girls Education

by Sarah Beardmore, Lucia Fry, Amy Gray et al. Global Campaign for Education & RESULTS Educational Fund, 2011 56 pp. 2.0 MB: http://www.campaignforeducation.org/docs/reports/makeitright/Mak eItRight_Report_07.pdf This new report shows that millions of girls are being forced out of school because of poverty, child labour, early child marriage, the threat of sexual violence, inadequate and poor-quality schools. The report examines 80 poor countries in terms of the gains they have made in girls education. It shows that the Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, India, Iraq, Nigeria and Pakistan are among those countries failing to respect the rights of girls to an education.
Harm Reduction and Drug Use Scale-Up of Harm Reduction in Malaysia

Good practices in Asia: Effective paradigm shifts towards an improved national response to drugs and HIV/AIDS by Fabio Mesquita, Harpal Singh, Corinne Capuano et al. WHO WPRO and MoH Malaysia, March 2011 61 pp. 1.2 MB: http://www.who.int/entity/hiv/pub/idu/good_practices_asia_malaysia.pdf This report documents the good practices in harm reduction programmes in Malaysia and the progress to date in addressing the transmission of HIV among people who use drugs. It highlights and discusses how policies and programmes have addressed this through strong and committed leadership, community participation, sustained partnerships, and multisectoral collaboration and coordination. *** HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 25
Development Assistance The Evaluation of the Paris Declaration - Phase 2

Final Report by Bernard Wood, Julia Betts, Florence Etta et al. Danish Institute for International Studies, May 2011 88 pp. 718 kB: http://www.ph7.dk/files/ftp/pd2011/content/pdf/PD-EN-web.pdf An independent group has evaluated the effects of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. The study looks at how the principles of aid effectiveness have been put into practice and what effects this is having at the country level. Results are being synthesized to draw out broader conclusions about the end impacts of increased aid effectiveness. This international evaluation will be a key input to the Busan High Level Forum in 2011. For Country Evaluations and Donor and Agency Studies see: http://www.ph7.dk/files/ftp/pd2011/content/content-en.html ***
Working Party on Aid Effectiveness

First Draft Outcome Document for the Fourth High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, Busan, Korea, 29 November to 1 December 2011 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 22 June 2011 10 pp. 209 kB: http://www.actionaid.org/sites/files/actionaid/first_draft_outcome__doc_hlf4.pdf The target year for the Millennium Development Goals is only three years away and achieving strong, inclusive and sustainable growth in developing countries remains a shared and urgent challenge. International development co-operation has achieved many positive results, but we realise that we can and must act more effectively, deve loping new partnerships and ways of doing things to support sustainable and transparent results for all. This is not a time for complacency, but for a political agenda on broad cooperation and development effectiveness. ***
EU donors under Womens Watch

WIDE checks up on Gender Equality and Womens Rights in the Aid Effectiveness Agenda on the road to Busan 2011 by Kasia Staszewska Globalising Gender Equality and Social Justice (WIDE), 2011 55 pp. 1.3 MB: http://62.149.193.10/wide/download/EU%20Donors%20Under%20 Womens%20Watch.pdf?id=1440 This report maps the degree to which European Union donors from Austria, Netherlands, Poland, Spain and the UK comply with the commitments they made in the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda for Action, and the impact this has on gender equalHESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 26
ity and womens human rights. While each of the five Paris Declaration principles offers concrete opportunities to advance the gender profile, the report focuses on democratic ownership and mutual accountability as the most political and with the biggest potential to reduce the gaps and empower women. ***
Brazils conception of South-South structural cooperation in health

Celia Almeida, Rodrigo Pires de Campos, Paulo Buss et al. R. Eletr. de Com. Inf. Inov. Sade, Vol.4, No.1, pp.23-32, March 2010 10 pp. 396 kB: http://www.reciis.cict.fiocruz.br/index.php/reciis/article/viewFile/343/528 This paper examines the Brazilian conception of horizontal structural cooperation in health. It presents a brief historical review of international development cooperation and health cooperation, explores the concept of structural cooperation in health, and discusses the Brazilian proposal formulated over the past decade and its implementation to date. This Brazilian approach centers on the concept of capacity building for development, but innovates in two respects: (1) by integrating human resource development with organisational and institutional development and (2) by breaking with the traditional passive transfer of knowledge and technology. ***
Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2011

Development Initiatives, July 2011 112 pp. 5.6 MB: http://www.globalhumanitarianassistance.org/wpcontent/uploads/2011/07/gha-report-2011.pdf Global Humanitarian Assistance (GHA) is a data access and transparency programme of Development Initiatives which analyses aid flows to people living in humanitarian cr ises, and researches and publishes annual GHA reports. The effective targeting of humanitarian financing must include the effective coordination of all resources to address vulnerability to crises while it remains important for humanitarian aid to be independent, neutral and based on need alone, it does not exist in a vacuum.
Others Weathering the Storm: Adolescent Girls and Climate Change

by Anita Swarup, Irene Dankelman, Kanwal Ahluwalia et al. Plan International, June 2011 44 pp. 3.4 MB: http://www.plan-uk.org/resources/documents/35316/ (it might be necessary to change the file name from .part to .pdf) The impacts of climate change whether they are gradual changes in weather patterns HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 27
aggravating chronic drought and food security, or the more rapid onset emergencies such as cyclones and floods are different for different populations. While inevitably children everywhere are badly affected, the report illustrates how girls, in particular, are bearing the greatest burden. The report evidences how increased climate stresses are exposing a growing number of adolescent girls to very specific risks. ***
South Sudan: A Post-Independence Agenda for Action

Save the Children in South Sudan, July 2011 23 pp. 143 kB: http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/en/docs/South_Sudan_-_postindependence_agenda_final_2.pdf On 9 July 2011 the Republic of South Sudan became Africas 54th state. The worlds newest country is also one of its youngest: over half the population of 8.26 million is under the age of 18, and 72% of its people are less than 30 years old. After a brutal war that often affected children worst, the single best investment in South Sudans future is to address the development needs of the countrys children. ***
Nodding Syndrome: Scientists still puzzled by African outbreak

by Meredith Wadman Nature 475, 148-149; (13 July 2011) 2 pp. 903 kB: http://german-practice-collection.org/en/download-centre/doc_download/941 Nodding syndrome is a poorly understood and seemingly growing problem in eastern Africa, where it is devastating communities in South Sudan and northern Uganda. It has existed separately for decades in a secluded mountainous area of southern Tanzania Most children it strikes are aged between 5 and 15. It impairs both physical growth and cognitive development. Its hallmark head nodding - often brought on by eating, and sometimes by cold - occurs when abnormal brain activity causes a brief lapse in neck muscle tone, causing the head to fall forwards. ***
Evidence-Based African First Aid Guidelines and Training Materials

by Stijn Van de Velde, Emmy De Buck, Philippe Vandekerckhove, Jimmy Volmink PLoS Med 8(7): e1001059 (19 July 2011) 4 pp. 81 kB:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=4188B03E154AC90B7 5357D46520B99C2.ambra02?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001059&representation=PDF
This Health in Action report describes the African First Aid Materials project (AFAM, http://www.afam.redcross.be/). The project developed evidence-based guidelines on how basic first responders should be trained to manage emergency situations in an African context. The objective of this manuscript is to inform educators and health care professionals about these guidelines and training materials and to promote their use when HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 28
developing first aid training programmes for sub-Saharan Africa.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
The African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine (PHCFM) Vol. 3, No. 1 (2011)
http://www.phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm PHCFM is a peer reviewed and Open Access journal published since 2008. The journal serves as a repository for cutting-edge research in all fields of primary health care and family medicine in a uniquely African context. The journal is indispensable for primary health care practitioners, family medicine specialists and academics from both the developing and developed worlds, and offers an engaging insight into the growth of these disciplines from a distinctly African perspective. ***
MEDICC Review - July 2011, Vol. 13, No. 3

Medical Education Cooperation with Cuba: Achieving Universal Health Care http://www.medicc.org/mediccreview/ Indigenous Health Rights in Brazil Cuba: Strategy for Childhood TB Control Ethiopias Health Extension Program Global Pharmaceuticals: Ethics & Equity Participatory Action Research for Health Colombia: The Courts & Access to Health Care Cubas Maternity Home Network Intentional Injury in Vietnamese Youth ***
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, Vol. 17 No. 7, 2011

Trilingual edition English/French/Arabic WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean http://www.emro.who.int/publications/emhj/17/07/index.htm The EMHJ serves as a forum for the dissemination of biomedical information through the publication of scientific research papers on a range of topics related to public health, with particular relevance to the Eastern Mediterranean Region.
INTERESTING WEB SITES

World Hepatitis Day
http://www.worldhepatitisday.info/ 28 July 2011 marks the first official World Health OrganizationHESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 29
supported World Hepatitis Day, which is being coordinated in partnership with the World Hepatitis Alliance. Hepatitis kills more than one million people every year. Millions more suffer immediate sickness or long-term ill health. World Hepatitis Day provides an opportunity to recognise viral hepatitis as a major global health problem in order to advance prevention and control. ***
Global Health Interventions: A Review of the Evidence

http://globalhealth.kff.org/GHIR/Background-Methodology.aspx This is a brief summary of methods of the Global Health Interventions: A Review of Evidence, a project of the University of California San Francisco and the Kaiser Family Foundation. The primary goal of the project is to translate empirical evidence on the effects of interventions into a quantitative synthesis that is technically accurate while being concise and accessible to non-technical audiences. ***
The use of epidemiological tools in conflict-affected populations: openaccess educational resources for policy-makers
http://conflict.lshtm.ac.uk/ The target audience of this website consists of those policy-makers in the humanitarian relief and human security fields who, despite not having a background in public health and epidemiology, are nonetheless often in the position of having to commission, interpret, and act upon epidemiological assessments. This may include NGO, UN, and government relief staff, donors, journalists, students, and the broader community of civil society stakeholders who rely on epidemiological data for purposes ranging from programme implementation to advocacy.
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Knowledge Management for Health and Development Organizations
21 - 25 November, 2011 Centre for African Family Studies (CAFS)/Centre d'Etudes de la Famille Africaine (CEFA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Course Content: The course will cover the fundamentals of knowledge management as well as the steps individuals and teams may take to design and implement a knowledge management strategy. Course topics: conducting knowledge assessments, knowledge generation, electronic document management, Web 2.0, communities of practice, and knowledge protection (selection). Target Audience: Personnel working in health and development institutions as well as donor agencies and civil society organizations. Language: English; Fees: US$ 1,000 For more information contact: Tel.: +254-20-273-1479 Fax: +254-20-273-1489 HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 30
mailto:info@cafs.org or see: http://www.cafs.org/courses/22 For more courses and conferences see also: http://www.going-international.at/index.php?lang=EN ***
Evidence-Based African First Aid Guidelines and Training Materials

by Stijn Van de Velde1, Emmy De Buck, Philippe Vandekerckhove et al. PLoS Med 8(7): e1001059 (19 July 2011) 4 pp. 81 kB: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Adoi %2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001059&representation=PDF This report describes the African First Aid Materials Project (AFAM). This project developed evidence-based guidelines on how basic first responders should be trained to manage emergency situations in an African context. The project also includes the development of training materials to support the implementation. The objective of this manuscript is to inform educators and health care professionals about these guidelines and training materials and to promote their use when developing first aid training programmes for sub-Saharan Africa. ***
Health District Management: Priority Setting, Planning and Programme Design

14 November - 2 December 2011, Ifakara/Tanzania Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute The course aims at introducing the basic principles of strategic programme and project management. It also focuses on practical aspects of the planning and implementation process, using the techniques of a simulation exercise and computer based support. Using the Logical Framework Approach and other tools the participants will go through all steps of such a planning process and will write a project proposal document. The course is designed especially for students with practical experience in project work or for those who aim to work in that field. For more information see: http://www.swisstph.ch/teaching/advanced-studies-in-internat-health/health-districtmanagement-priority-setting-planning-and-programme-design-ifakaratanzania.html ***
New Online Course on Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy

http://www.globalhealthlearning.org/ USAIDs Global Health eLearning Center is pleased to announce the release of a new eLearning course on the Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy (HTSP). Some r esearchers have concluded that 1.8 million under-five deaths could be averted if all pregnancies were spaced 36 months from the preceding birth.
Do you know the magnitude of health problems related to timing and spacing of pregnancies in the developing world? Do you want to know how to add a HTSP approach to your own program? Take this course to find the answers to these questions and to learn much more about how you can implement HTSP strategies into your own programs.
CONFERENCES
16th International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA 2011)
4 - 8 December, 2011, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Own, Scale-up and Sustain ICASA 2011 is designed to provide Africa and the world with an opportunity to review the collective progress made over the years towards universal a ccess and attaining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), as well as the challenges facing the fight against the epidemic. For more information see: http://www.icasa2011addis.org/
CARTOON
TIPS & TRICKS

Windows Media Player Volume Shortcut
Here is a quick tip for Windows Media Player 11. Next time you need to adjust the volume of your music or videos, dont reach for the mouse, but instead make use of the function keys: F7 To Mute F8 For Volume Down F9 For Volume Up
Thats a heck of a lot simpler than aiming a cursor!
***
Shortcut to Windows Task Manager

What is the quickest way to the Task Manager? All about speed - well, the quickest and easiest way to get to your Windows Task Manager is simply to right-click an empty area of your Task Bar and choose Start Task Manager. ***
Multi-Tab Start-up for Internet Explorer

You may have a routine when it comes to browsing the Internet. You go to the same sites every day to check out news, stocks, comics and blogs; leaving all the extra curricular stuff for after you have checked your usual stable of sites. So thats why this Internet Explorer trick might appeal to you. You are going to learn how to make it so when you start IE all of your daily sites come up in their own tabs! Open Internet Explorer 8 and click Tools>Internet Options. (In Internet Explorer 9 click the cog icon in the upper right-hand corner.) Make sure the General tab is selected and under Home Page type in the addresses of the sites you want to open up when you start IE. Now click OK and restart Internet Explorer and voila, the requested web sites are there tab by tab!
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Health, Education, Social Protection News &amp; Notes 16/2011

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Health, Education, Social Protection News &amp; Notes 16/2011

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Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 16/2011

A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit)

Table of Contents: BOOKS ................................................................................ 4

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5

HIV - AIDS - STI ......................................................................................................... 5

Sexual & Reproductive Health .................................................................................. 10

Maternal & Child Health............................................................................................ 11

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 1

Other Infectious Diseases......................................................................................... 15

Non-communicable Diseases ................................................................................... 17

Essential Medicines .................................................................................................. 18

Health Systems & Research ..................................................................................... 21

Information & Communication Technology ............................................................... 23

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 2

Harm Reduction and Drug Use................................................................................. 25

Development Assistance .......................................................................................... 26

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 29

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 29

CARTOON ......................................................................... 32 TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 32

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 3

Environmental burden of disease associated with inadequate housing

Capitalizing on Scientific Progress: Investment in HIV Prevention R&D in 2010

Guidelines on surveillance among populations most at risk for HIV

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 6

Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy

HIV prevention transformed: the new prevention research agenda

Antiretroviral prophylaxis: a defining moment in HIV control

Faith-Based Organizations and HIV Prevention with Most-at-Risk Populations in Mexico

Quality of care in the provision of sexual and reproductive health services

Postabortion Care Training Resources

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 11

The positive deviance/hearth approach to reducing child malnutrition: systematic review

Guideline: Vitamin A Supplementation in Infants and Children 6-59 Months of Age

Malaria Malaria Distribution, Prevalence, Drug Resistance and Control in Indonesia

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 12

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 13

Tuberculosis Commercial Serodiagnostic Tests for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

GeneXpert - A Game-Changer for Tuberculosis Control?

Radiographic Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Primer for Clinicians

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 15

Dengue Virus Infection in Africa

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 16

UN High-Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases: addressing four questions

Non Communicable Diseases

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 17

Chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil: burden and current challenges

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 18

Untangling the Web of Antiretroviral Price Reductions

Social Protection Improving Access through Effective Health Financing

and limitations of such an approach. ***

Our Health in Our Hands: Uplift Mutuals

Practice and to strengthen health systems in the developing world. ***

Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools

HESP-News & Notes - 16/2011 - page 21

Evidence Links Increases in Public Health Spending to Declines in Preventable Deaths

Verbal autopsy: who needs it?

Reporting health research: Connecting journalists and TB researchers in Zambia

Information & Communication Technology An internet of old things

ICT, a genuine tool to reduce isolation and raise health awareness

Education A Global Compact on Learning: Taking Action on Education in Developing Countries

Subsidising education: are school vouchers the solution?

Make it Right: Ending the Crisis in Girls Education

Harm Reduction and Drug Use Scale-Up of Harm Reduction in Malaysia

Development Assistance The Evaluation of the Paris Declaration - Phase 2

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 16/2011

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 16/2011