TROPOTHEN-S

EHV

CABLES

I N TR OD UC TI ON
As India marches towards the 21 s t century, power becomes an essential ingredient for infrastructural development. W ith rapid urbanisation around the corner to sustain the industrial growth, the necessity of transmitting large blocks of power to load centres assumes significance. Over the years, there has been a marked increase in the voltage level for transmission of bulk power, due to the distinct advantages offered by the use of high voltage. This had ushered in the generation of Extra high voltage (EHV) power transmission systems with voltage grades of 66 kV and above. In this context, long-distance underground cable networks provide an ideal solution in many situations where the safety and logistic considerations preclude the use of cross-country overhead tower lines. Underground EHV cables are also used for evacuating bulk power generated in pumped storage hydroelectric power generating stations, situated at a lower altitude, at outdoor switchyard located at a higher altitude. Similarly, underground cable systems are the appropriate means of power transmission over short distances where erection of overhead tower lines would be infeasible considering the space constraints. The distinct advantages in achieving low transmission losses when such cable systems are operated at higher voltages for bulk power transfer are well-known. It is in this context that Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) insulated cables offer significant advantages. As an insulating material, XLPE combines the advantages of improved mechanical and thermal properties with excellent electrical characteristics of high dielectric strength, low relative permittivity and low loss factor. These advantages have rendered what XLPE cables can achieve today carrying large currents at voltages upto 220 kV and above, with an inherent higher short circuit withstand capacity of 250 o C. Additional benefits that accrue are simple construction, easy installation and trouble free operation.

T Y P I C AL C O N S T R U C T I O N
EHV XLPE cables are manufactured generally in accordance with IEC:502 and IS:7098 (Part 3) standards. The typical constructions and their salient features are as shown below. Features of Metal Laminate Sheathed Cable

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Im perv ious to ingress of w at er. Layer is very thin, hence com pac t cable. Lighter in weight. Sm aller diam eter as com pared at m et allic sheathed cable. Additional copper wires s creen is necessary t o carry earth fault current. Larger delivery length and hence les s number of joints .

Features of Lead Sheathed Cable

1. 2. 3. 4. Continuous seamless sheathing, hence excellent prot ection against water penet ration. Cables is m echanically s trong. Lead s heath can act as m et allic part of insulation screens. Additional copper wires screen is not nec es sary t o carry earth f ault (short circuit) current except for the cases w hen earth f ault current m agnitude is very high.

Features of Aluminium Sheathed Cable

1. 2. 3. Exc ellent protect ion against water penetration. Cable is light in weight. Cable is m echanically stronger. Earth fault current carrying capacit y of s heath is lighter .

4.

T H E M AN U F AC T U R I N G P R O C E S S

For bulk power transmission, in addition to using higher voltages, higher ampacity is equally Cable Corporation of India Ltd. Offers two distinct technologies, both systems XLPE employing for the dry curing of The

necessary. To meet this need, use of conductor with higher crosssections is imminent. For

production cables.

insulated

conductor sizes below 1000 sq mm, compact circular stranded

extruded core in the Continuous Catenary Vulcanising (CCV) line is subject to gravitational force which handling poses cores limitations having a in

conductor construction is suitable. However, above for conductor sq mm, sizes use of

1000

larger

segmental conductor construction (also called Milliken conductor) is recommended skin effect. to overcome has the the

weight to length ratio. Difficulties, therefore, can be encountered

with finished cores which many not have a fully concentric shape after cross-linking particularly for large cross-sections, thereby

CCI

technology to manufacture such segmental conductors.

resulting

in

installation

and

larger cores, the MDCV process is known worldwide for making highquality 400-500 XLPE kV cables range, even with upto no

jointing problems. In view of this, for very high electrical stress

levels (as observed in EHV) and for large corss-sections, the

limitations of conductor size upto 2000 sq.mm. W ith this technology, CCI has joined a select group of international manufacturers in the field of super tension XLPE

conventional CCV line may not be adequate. It is for this reason that CCI has adopted MDCV a special process

patented

exclusively for manufacturing EHV cables.

cables.

Unique

features

of

the

CCI under licence from Mitsubishi Petrochemical Company Ltd., 1)

Japan has set up the plant called the Mitsubishi Dainichi

Continuous Vulcanising (MDCV) line for EHV cables, which is the first of its kind in Asia, outside Japan. The heart of the system is a unique Long Land Die (LLD), inside carried which out cross-linking under is 2)

specially

controlled conditions. Because of its capacity to handle heavier and

MDCV Process The plant has a horizontal layout, as a result of which the conductor as well as the extruded core can remain in a straight line without

bending or sagging, thereby permitting manufacture cables. Cross-linking in Long Land Die under strict process of stabilised large-sized

control employing dry curing

at

elevated

temperatures, void-free,

special constitute

techniques the

which of

ensures

hallmark

homogeneous insulation. 3) Simultaneous extrusion of

the process. The conductor and insulation (core) is fully supported in the LLD, and as such, the tendency of the core to sag is avoided inside the straight and horizontal LLD. is of

conductor screen, insulation and insulation screen in one single operation ensures

perfect bonding without any surface irregularities. 4) Further achieved perfection by the use

T E S T I N G AN D Q U AL I T Y C O N T R O L
satisfactorily run through the tests conducted Netherlands at (an NV KEMA,

independent

testing laboratory and a research organisation repute), successfully Super Tension XLPE Cables from CCI are manufactured in-process with quality CCI EHV cables have also passed rigorous tests conducted at the Central Power Research Institute (CPRI) with satisfactory results. CCI has to sophisticated undertake basic and care of commissioned Board in India. and of international has installed at an been and

Electricity

stringent

control and ultimately tested to demanding performance

requirements in accordance with the latest like international IEC:840/1988 Standard and our own

specification and

Swedish

laboratories material investigation

SS:4242417/1988, national (Part

research to take

specification

IS:7098 test table

3)/1993. are

Reference in

continuous improvements in EHV cable construction. To sustain

voltages no.1.

indicated

development work in the field, the Company has set up ultramodern test facilities which permit long term performance evaluation and

Our 220 kV cable, the first ever to be made in the country, has

reliability tests for EHV cables. The highlights of some of the

Impulse Equipment Capacity Generator : 2500 kV Impulse

equipment are listed below. High Voltage and Discharge Equipment Capacity : 400 kV System Type Features Room, : Double Shielded graphic : Series Resonance Partial

Features

Suitable

for

lightning impulses 1.2/50 micro seconds. Heat Cycle Equipment Capacity : 30 V, 4000 Amps, 120 kVA Current transformer Features : Can perform Heat Cycle test as per IEC:840 in combination with High Voltage Test. DC High Voltage Equipment Capacity Generator Features : Suitable for after tests on cables : 400 kV DC

Facilitates

recording of PD.

installation upto 220 kV. The

Companys is

electrical as a

laboratory testing

accredited by

laboratory

NABL

(National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration

Laboratories), Govt. of India. Our in-house R & D unit is recognized by the Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, Ministry of

To top it all, it has been approved by BVQI that our Quality

Management System Conforms to the quality standard ISO:9001-

Science & Technology.

1994.

E H V C AB L E AC C E S S O R I E S

Cable Accessories comprise of :

normally

Joints

and

termination

are

Terminations : This could be for GIS/SF6 switchgear, connections,

available in the following types.

Taped type : Currently applied this upto techniques 132 kV. is Self

transformer

outdoor power distribution. Straight Through Joints : This could be normal or insulated type depending on whether is

amalgamating tapes are used for both insulation steps the and followed cable. shield; are to

basically

metallic

sheath/screen

reconstruct cleanliness, important

Purity, are

interrupted or not for bonding purposes. Link Boxes : These are used at terminations or joints for

homogeneity

factors.

W orkmanship

should ensure void-free and good interfacing to avoid internal

sheath interruptions or sheath integrity testing.

stresses. The activity has to be

carried out in a clean controlled environment. From 170 kV to 245 kV however, to achieve proper homogeneity & pressure at interface, field

arrangement

for

stress

control

electrodes, the field strengths are kept below the working level. Premoulded stress cone for

termination and sleeve for joints have embedded electrodes. These prefabricated parts are placed on cable insulation The to with an

moulding is employed under inert atmosphere to achieve

vulcanisation of tapes. Pre-fabricated This type of accessories have

expansion. ensures

expansion match the

pressure of

rapidly come into use; precision, factory pretested finished quality products, and rapid,

irregularities Further, the

cable

surface. parts

prefabricated

also take care of expansion of cable during load cycle and under short circuit this is due to the elasticity of elastomeric

simple installation being distinct features. Termination have been developed and are in use upto 400 kV; joints are in use upto 245 kV. For 400 kV test is going on. The accessories are designed for 3 main stresses and electrical, Large

prefabricated stress cone / joint body. For the stress cone / joint body either silicon or EPDM

based elastomeric compounds are used with embedded electrodes

thermal

mechanical.

for stress grading. For outdoor cable terminations, a new type of is insulator now in besides The

field non-homogenates and high field strengths occur at interface of cable & accessories; by

porcelain

use.

composite insulator is an epoxy tube reinforced with fibre glass and fitted with elastomeric sheds. The chief advantages are. Light W eight, not prone to

Creepage

distance

can

be

increased as required. Does not blow apart even in case of inner flashover.

damage, sabotage.

T E C H N I C AL P AR T I C U L AR S
The EHV cable system has to be considered in its totality, and viewed from both design and installation considerations so as to serve the end use effectively and in an optimum manner. More often than not, the installation parameters, suitably selected, provide the guiding principle for working out design solutions. Installation conditions such as depth of laying, laying formation, screen bonding systems and the environment, all play an important role in determining the current carrying capacity vis-vis economical selection of the conductor size. The EHV cable system is generally custom designed to suit the application. As a result, the cable construction is mutually agreed upon by the customer and the

manufacturer. EHV cable design is not restricted to the design of the EHV cable as a product; a system perspective has to be adopted and as such EHV orders are invariably handled as turnkey assignments. The key technical features are shown in Tables 2 to 5. The current ratings for various conductor sizes and voltage grades are shown in Tables 6 to 8. These are based on standard conditions of installation as mentioned below.
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Maximum continuous operating conductor temperature : 90 o C Standard ground temperature : 30 o C Ambient air temperature : 40 o C Thermal resistivity of soil : 150 o C cm/W att Depth of laying : 150 cm Trefoil f ormation : For Cables in close touching, Transposition not applicable

Flat formation : Cables laid with gap, centre to centre spacing being 2D, where D = overall diameter of cable without transposition in case of both end bonding. Transposition not applicable in case of single end bonding.

In selecting the starting conductor size of different voltage grades of super tension cables, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) guidelines which specify the corresponding minimum conductor cross sections have been followed. All current ratings have been computed considering screen cross-sections suitable for short circuit current of 31.5 kA for one second duration. The assumptions is in accordance with the general engineering practice

employed in the country for electrical systems which are solidly earthed. For any other short circuit rating of screen, corresponding values of current rating can be furnished on request. Rating Factors For installation conditions other than standard, rating factors will apply as given in Tables 9 to 14. Short Circuit Rating Thermally admissible short circuit current ratings for TROPOTHEN-S Cables are given in Table 3. The computations are based on full load conductor temperatures of 90 o C at the inception of short circuit, and build up to maximum temperature of 250 o C at the end of short circuit. For any other duration t second/s divide the value given in respective table by t.

SCREEN BONDING METHODS 1. The Both End Bonding system and depicted earthing involves of cable 2. Special Bonding Systems bondign developed systems to have keep

Special been

bonding

screens at both ends to form part of a closed loop which linked by a is with the

circulating current losses to the minimum. follow are : a) Economical conductor size Advantages which

electromagnetically the loop formed In such

conductors.

system, b)

for optimum current ratings Laying of cables with

ciruclating currents are set up in the cable screen, resulting in heat loss and consequent derating of current carrying capacity. Such

spacing, for example, in flat formation, to reduce the

mutual heating effect due to proximity.

losses are minimized when cables are laid in trefoil close-touching formation, but increase with the spacing between cables.

Special

bonding

is

generally

advantageous for highamperage

cable circuits. In such a system, standing voltages will appear in the cable screen which needs to be adequately insulated. Further, from the safety angle, a limiting value of such voltages becomes important. For the purpose,

and cable spacing, and be maximum at the furthest

point from the earth bond. Since circuit, there is no closed

screen

circulating

current is eliminated. Single point used bonding for is normally route

specially designed Sheath Voltage Limiters restrict particularly (SVL) the which serve to

limited

lengths to keep the standing voltage to the minimum and render the cable installation safe voltage. b) Cross Bonding Cross bonding of essentially against touch

voltage under

rise, transient

conditions, are to be employed. Two types of special bonding

systems are in use: a) Single Point Bonding In such a system the

consists the

sectionalising screen sections and into called cross

screens are connected and earthed at one end of the route. At all other points, the screen being insulated from earth will have a

cable

elementary minor

sections

connecting them so as to neutralise the total induced voltage in three consecutive sections. sections Three together minor make a

standing voltage which will be proportional to the circuit length, conductor current

major section.

the three geometrical positions in the laying formation. This results In cross bonding system, the in balancing of induced voltages in the screen because of equal relative proximity of each single core cable with respect to the other.

route is split up into groups of three screens drum lengths and with the

bounded

earthed

together at both ends of a major section, but interrupted and

connected in series at all other points. The purpose is to allow a standing voltage between screen and earth in each major section but eliminate circulating currents. W ith such an arrangement, the current carrying capacity can be considerably particularly for large enhanced conductor

Laying Methods

As

dicussed

in

the

preceding

paragraphs, cables can be laid in trefoil or flat formation, depending upon end design use requirements and

suitability.

Installation

conditions play a major role in optimising the performance of an EHV cable circuit, as also

sizes and further, application is possible for longer route lengths.

rendering it safe for long term reliability and utmost in usage. care For is an to the be

W hen

cable

are

lain

in

flat is

purpose, exercised

formation,

transposition

handling

EHV

resorted to, so that each phase cable is arranged to occupy over equal lengths of the route, each of

cable installation so that it can serve its useful life to the fullest extent.

Standard

methods

of

laying

employed for power cable circuits apply to EHV cables as well,

guidelines for which are available from Codes of Practice formulated by the BIS. Attention in particular needs to be paid to the

consolidation of the surrounding soil environment in direct burial conditions for improvement of

heat dissipation properties.

Bending Radius W hile cables, bending installing TROPOTHEN-S the following minimum be

radius

should

observed for single core cables, so that the cable and especially the insulation are not unduly

stressed. 20 x D where D is the overall diameter of the cable.

T O T AL C A B L E S E R V I C E
oversee installation the work. entire CCI is cable also

positioned to take up the total responsibility for turnkey

execution of a cable installation project starting with route survey, subsequent jointing CCIS responsibility does not end with supply of cables and jointing accessories only, but extends to assisting customers in installing maintenance-free cable network. and cable final of has laying testing the a and and

commissioning system. CCI

installed team of

jointers who are trained abroad for installation of Joints and

Terminations upto 230 kV grade.

The

Company

is

committed

to

The

importance

of

achieving design for

providing its customers with Total Cable Service which embraces

synergy

between

and an

installation

parameters

apart from design, selection and supply of cables, installation of the cable system as a whole,

EHV cable system involves the application of integrated Project Engineering solutions for from finding concept total to

including

pre-commissioning

tests. In its simplest from, this may mean the presence of CCIs Service Engineer at site, to

commissioning. CCI has a Special Cell looking into this aspect to render all necessary assistance in

designing and offering a complete EHV cable system.

of

all

aspects A with

of

supply few EHV

and

installation. installation

typical cables

CCIs Total Cable Service concept means total responsibility for a project so as to offer a

alongwith

protection

measures

when laid in critical locations are furnished in the accompanying

comprehensive package, inclusive

sketches to serve as guidance.

Ra t ed vo l t a ge of c ab l es

Table No. 1 Reference Test voltages for TROPOTHEN-S Cables

Hi ghes t vo l t a ge f o r equi pment bet ween c on duc t or s Um kV 72. 5 123 145 245 30 mi n vo l t a ge t es t P ar t i al di s c ha r ge t es t Tan del t a meas ur ement He at i ng c y c l e t es t

I mpu l s e wi t hs t and t es t

Uo / U kV 38/ 66 64/ 110 76/ 132 127/ 220*

2. 5 Uo kV 90 160 190 315

1. 5 Uo kV 57 96 114 190

Uo kV 38 64 76 122

2 Uo kV 76 128 152 254 kV 325 550 650 1050

15 mi n pow er f r e quenc y vo l t a ge t e s t af t er i mpul s e t es t 2. 5 Uo kV 90 160 190 315

* Tes t v ol t ages ar e ge ner al l y i n l i ne w i t h I E C 840 / I S : 7098 Pa r t 3

Table No. 2 Conductor Resistance

Cr o s s S ec t i onal ar ea of c on duc t or s q mm Max D. C . r es i s t anc e of c on duc t or at 20 D eg. Ce nt i gr ade

A pp. A. C . r es i s t anc e of c on duc t or at 90 D eg. Ce nt i gr ade Co pper c on duc t or ohm/ k m 0. 2 460 0. 1 960 0. 1 590 0. 1 270 0. 0 972 0. 0 780 0. 0 618 0. 0 491 0. 0 393 0. 0 322 0. 0 236 0. 0 207 0. 0 163 0. 0 138

A l umi ni u m c on duc t or ohm/ k m 0. 3 200 0. 2 530 0. 2 060 0. 1 640 0. 1 250 0. 1 000 0. 0 778 0. 0 605 0. 0 469 0. 0 367 0. 0 291 0. 0 247 0. 0 186 0. 0 149

Co pper c on duc t or ohm/ k m 0. 1 930 0. 1 530 0. 1 240 0. 0 991 0. 0 754 0. 0 601 0. 0 470 0. 0 366 0. 0 283 0. 0 221 0. 0 176 0. 0 151 0. 0 113 0. 0 090

A l umi ni u m c on duc t or ohm/ k m 0. 4 110 0. 3 250 0. 2 640 0. 2 110 0. 1 610 0. 1 290 0. 1 010 0. 0 791 0. 0 622 0. 0 497 0. 0 380 0. 0 326 0. 0 251 0. 0 207

95 120 150 185 240 300 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1600 2000

Table No. 3 Conductor Short Circuit Rating

Cr o s s S ec t i onal ar e a of c ond uc t or S q. mm.

S hor t C i r c ui t Ra t i n g f or 1 S ec . Cu k A ( r ms )

A l k A( r ms )

95 120 150 185 240 300 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1600 2000

8. 9 3 11. 30 14. 10 17. 40 22. 60 28. 20 37. 60 47. 00 59. 20 75. 20 94. 00 112. 80 150. 40 188. 00

13. 58 17. 16 21. 45 26. 45 34. 32 42. 90 57. 20 71. 50 90. 10 114. 40 143. 00 171. 60 228. 80 286. 00

Table No. 4 Minimum conductor crosssections and insulation thickness

V ol t age gr ad e k V S mal l es t No mi nal c on duc t or c r o s s - s ec t i on s q mm 38/ 66 64/ 110 76/ 132 127/ 220 95 150 185 400

No mi nal Thi c k ne s s o f I ns ul a t i o n

mm 11. 0 16. 0 18. 0 27. 0

No t e: Abov e v al u es ar e as per I S: 7098 ( par t 3)

Table No. 5 Capacitance of Cable (f/Km)

Cr o s s S ec t i onal ar ea of c on duc t or s q mm 95 120 150 185 240 300 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1600 2000 V ol t age gr ade of Ca bl e 38/ 66 k V 0. 1 50 0. 1 60 0. 1 70 0. 1 80 0. 1 95 0. 2 10 0. 2 30 0. 2 50 0. 2 75 0. 3 00 0. 3 25 0. 3 60 0. 4 00 0. 4 45 64/ 110k V 76/ 132k V 127/ 220k V

0. 1 35 0. 1 40 0. 1 50 0. 1 65 0. 17 5 0. 1 90 0. 2 05 0. 2 25 0. 2 45 0. 2 70 0. 2 95 0. 3 25

0. 1 30 0. 1 40 0. 1 50 0. 1 65 0. 1 75 0. 1 90 0. 2 05 0. 2 25 0. 2 45 0. 2 70 0. 3 00

0. 1 25 0. 1 35 0. 1 45 0. 1 55 0. 1 70 0. 1 85 0. 2 00 0. 2 20

Table No. 6 Current Rating of TROPOTHEN-S Single Core 66 kV cable

Cros sSectional area of conductor sq mm Single Point Bonding / Cros s Bonding Trefoil Formation In Ground Aluminium Amp 194 221 246 277 319 358 408 462 523 585 686 722 815 892 Copper Amp 250 383 316 354 407 455 513 576 644 708 816 871 965 1038 In Air Aluminium Amp 271 312 352 402 471 537 624 722 835 953 1111 1235 1434 1613 Copper Amp 349 401 452 515 602 685 789 904 1033 1161 1372 1503 1716 1897 In Ground Aluminium Amp 202 230 257 290 335 377 431 491 560 632 723 790 907 1008 Copper Amp 261 296 331 372 429 483 548 620 701 781 905 977 1108 1216 Flat Formation In Air Aluminium Amp 295 341 385 440 519 594 692 806 938 1080 1264 1416 1669 1904 Copper Amp 380 438 496 566 666 762 882 1021 1179 1341 1592 1763 2055 2317

95 120 150 185 240 300 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1600 2000

Cros sSectional area of conductor sq mm

Both End Bonding Trefoil Formation In Ground Aluminium Amp 191 215 239 267 305 339 380 424 471 516 554 587 639 678 Copper Amp 242 272 301 334 378 417 461 507 554 595 631 660 704 736 In Air Aluminium Amp 267 307 345 391 456 516 593 678 772 866 961 1048 1176 1285 Copper Amp 341 390 437 494 571 642 728 821 920 1013 1115 1198 1317 1415 In Ground Aluminium Amp 189 211 231 255 284 309 337 365 391 415 437 453 474 490 Copper Amp 234 258 281 305 335 359 384 407 429 447 465 477 493 505 Flat Formation In Air Aluminium Amp 284 324 362 408 469 524 591 662 737 806 884 946 1030 1101 Copper Amp 357 404 449 501 570 629 697 767 837 900 976 1032 1105 1166

95 120 150 185 240 300 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1600 2000

Not e : The abov e c urrent ratingsc orrespond t o a m etallic sheat h/ sc reen short c irc uit current capability of 31. 5 kA For one second durat ion. For any v ariation f rom this v alue of s hort circ uit current and duration, k indly refer to us.

Table No. 7 Current Rating of TROPOTHEN-S Single Core 110/132 kV Cable

Cros sSectional area of conductor sq mm Single Point Bonding / Cros s Bonding Trefoil Formation In Ground Aluminium Amp 277 319 358 408 463 523 586 666 721 816 893 Copper Amp 354 407 456 514 577 646 712 817 873 969 1043 In Air Aluminium Amp 398 467 533 618 715 826 943 1098 1219 1417 1595 Copper Amp 510 598 680 783 898 1027 1155 1362 1492 1707 1890 In Ground Aluminium Amp 289 335 377 431 491 560 632 723 789 906 1007 Copper Amp 371 429 483 548 620 701 782 905 977 1108 1217 Flat Formation In Air Aluminium Amp 429 505 578 673 783 910 1046 1223 1368 1612 1838 Copper Amp 551 649 742 859 992 1145 1302 1544 1708 1992 2247

185 240 300 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1600 2000

Cros sSectional area of conductor sq mm

Both End Bonding Trefoil Formation In Ground Aluminium Amp 268 306 341 383 428 475 522 559 593 645 685 Copper Amp 336 381 421 466 513 561 605 639 668 713 746 In Air Aluminium Amp 390 455 516 593 679 775 871 970 1057 1190 1303 Copper Amp 494 574 646 735 830 933 1030 1138 1222 1347 1449 In Ground Aluminium Amp 256 286 312 341 369 396 420 443 459 480 496 Copper Amp 308 338 363 389 414 436 454 473 485 500 512 Flat Formation In Air Aluminium Amp 403 465 521 591 664 741 815 897 961 1050 1123 Copper Amp 499 570 632 705 778 853 920 1003 1060 1137 1200

185 240 300 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1600 2000

Not e : The abov e c urrent ratingsc orres pond to a met allic s heath/ sc reen short c ircuit c urrent c apabilit y of 31.5 kA For one second durat ion. For any v ariation f rom this v alue of s hort circ uit current and duration, k indly refer t o us.

Table No. 8 Current Rating of TROPOTHEN-S Single Core 220 kV Cable

Cros sSectional area of conductor sq mm Single Point Bonding / Cros s Bonding Trefoil Formation In Ground Aluminium Amp 406 461 522 585 664 718 809 869 Copper Amp 513 576 645 712 815 870 961 1010 In Air Aluminium Amp 608 703 811 927 1077 1195 1386 1544 Copper Amp 771 885 1212 1141 1342 1470 1678 1833 In Ground Aluminium Amp 430 490 558 630 720 785 899 990 Copper Amp 546 619 699 780 902 973 1101 1191 Flat Formation In Air Aluminium Amp 651 756 878 1009 1178 1316 1546 1756 Copper Amp 831 960 1106 1258 1490 1647 1916 2147

400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1600 2000

Cros sSectional area of conductor sq mm

Both End Bonding Trefoil Formation In Ground Aluminium Amp 384 429 478 525 562 595 643 670 Copper Amp 469 518 566 612 646 674 713 728 In Air Aluminium Amp 589 674 770 869 971 1059 1188 1286 Copper Amp 734 831 935 1038 1152 1237 1358 1440 In Ground Aluminium Amp 344 373 400 425 448 465 493 537 Copper Amp 394 419 442 461 480 493 516 561 Flat Formation In Air Aluminium Amp 585 660 740 818 904 971 1071 1186 Copper Amp 706 784 862 935 1024 1085 1174 1288

400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1600 2000

Not e : The abov e c urrent ratingsc orrespond t o a m etallic sheat h/ sc reen short c irc uit current capabilit y of 31.5 k A For one second durat ion. For any v ariation f rom this v alue of s hort circ uit current and duration, k indly refer t o us.

Table No. 9 Rating factors for variation in ambient air temperature :

Air temperature oC Conduct or Temp 90 C Rating Fact ors 1.25 1.20 1.16 1.11 1.05 1.00 0.94 0.88 0.82 0.76 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Table No. 10 Rating factors for variation in ground temperature :

Air temperature oC Conduc tor Temp 90 C Rat ing Fac tors 15 1.12 20 1.08 25 1.04 30 1.00 35 0.96 40 0.91 45 0.87 50 0.82

Table No. 11 Rating factors for grouping of single core cable laid direct in ground in horizontal formation
D i s t a n c e b e t we e n centres of circuits mm 100 200 400 600 800 2000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0.76 0.81 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.96 3 0.67 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.84 0.93 Number of c ircuit s in group 4 0.59 0.65 0.72 0.77 0.81 0.92 5 0.55 0.61 0.69 0.74 0.79 0.91 6 0.51 0.58 0.66 0.72 0.77 0.91 7 0.49 0.56 0.64 0.71 0.76 0.91 8 0.47 0.53 0.63 0.70 0.75 0.90 9 0.46 0.52 0.62 0.69 0.75 0.90

Table No. 12 Rating factor for thermal resistivity of soil

Soil thermal resistivity Deg. C cm/ W att Rat ing f ac tor 70 100 120 150 1.36 1.19 1.11 1.00

200 0.88

250 0.78

300 0.73

Table No. 13 Rating factor for depth of laying

Depth of laying c m Rat ing f ac tor 90 100 120 150 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.00

160 0.99

170 0.99

180 0.98

190 0.98

200 0.97

Table No. 14 Rating factor for phase spacing in flat formation

Phase Spacing (S) cm Rat ing f ac tor D D+70 1.00 D+200 1.03 D+250 1.05 D+300 1.07 D+350 1.08 0.93

D+400 1.10

Not e : D is t he ov erall diamet er of c able.