4.

2 NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

LP
32
RATIONALE
Conventional energy sources are depleting day by day. Before we face the alarming
deterioration, non-conventional energy sources should be harnessed. Non-conventional
energy sources like solar, wind, bio-gas etc. should be used to the extent possible. A
diploma holder in Agricultural Technology must know various types of non-conventional
energy sources gadgets and their use and maintenance. Hence this subject.
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction (3 hrs)
Conventional and Non conventional sources of energy. Need, importance and
scope of non conventional and alternate energy resources.
2. Biogas and Bio-mass (15 hrs)
Bio-gas, Benefits of bio-gas. Technology of biogas. Principles, feedstock, types
and design of biogas plants, comparison of designs. Main parts of biogas plants,
digester, gas holder, pressure gauge, gas controlling cocks and meter. Selection of
biogas model and size. Site selection of biogas plants. Appliances of biogas plant
- burner, heating plate, lamps. Operation, trouble shooting and maintenance of
biogas plant. Safety measures in biogas plant. Introduction to biomass and farm
residue, management and briquetting.
3. Wind Energy Technology (6 hrs)
3.1. Introduction, scope and significance.
3.2. Type and constructional details of windmill - vertical and horizontal axis.
Data required for windmill installation such as meterological data,
geohydrological, agricultural and socio- economic data. Site selection of
windmill. Maintenance and performance of windmill.
4. Solar Energy Technology (12 hrs)
Introduction, significance of solar energy, solar spectral and green house effect.
Principles of thermal collection and storage. Comparison of flat type collector and
concentration or focussing type collectors. Introduction to SPV module, its
principle and applications.
86
5. Solar Thermal Systems (6 hrs)
Operation, constructional details and maintenance of solar cooker, solar water
heater, solar still, solar water pump, SPV system, solar crop dryer etc.
6. Energy Conservation (6 hrs)
6.1. Principles of energy conservation. Familiarization with the different
energy conservation appliances and practices, improved cooking stoves,
benefits of improved cooking stoves over the traditional cooking stoves.
6.2. Scope of energy conservation in the domestic, commercial and agricultural
sector.
Visits
Visits should be made to following places:
- Solar energy appliances manufacturing units.
- Energy parks/ Schools of energy at Agricultural Universities.
- Community/ Institutional biogas plants.
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Demonstration/study of solar cooker
2. Demonstration/study of solar water distillation
3. Demonstration/study of solar water heater
4. Demonstration/study of solar photovoltic lighting system
5. Demonstration/study of water pumping system
6. Visit to biogas plants, domestic community/institution for study and
demonstration of biogas plants
7. Demonstration/study of the working of a windmill
8. Study of energy saving appliances and their applications
LIST OF BOOKS
1. Advance in Biogas Technology by O.P.Chawla; Publications & Information
Div. 1 CAR, New Delhi.
2. Solar Energy by S.P.Sukhatme; Tata McGraw-hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New
Delhi.
3. Solar Energy Utilization by G.D.Rai; Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
87
4. Bio Gas Technology by K.C.Khandelwal & S.S. Mahdi; Tata McGraw-hill
Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Biomass Energy by OECD; Oxford & IBH Publication Co.
6. Wind Energy For water Pumping by Srivastava; Oxford & IBH Publication Co.
7. Cook Stoves For Masses by N.S.Grewal; PAU Ludhiana.
8. Energy in Agricultural Engineering by ISAE; Jain Brothers, Delhi.
9. Non Conventional Energy Sources by G.D.Rai; Khanna Publishers,New Delhi.
10. Renewable & Conventional Energy by S. Rao.

5.4(b) Elective-II
NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
LTP
4--
RATIONALE
Energy is a crucial input in the process of economic, social and
industrial development. High
energy consumption has traditionally been associated with higher
quality of life, which in turn is
related to Gross National Project ( GNP). Since the conventional energy
resources are under
depletion, it is high time to tape the non conventional energy sources.
The electrical diploma
holder will have to face this challenges in future life. Therefore this
subject is offered in diploma
programme for future benefit.
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction: (6 hrs)
Importance of Non conventional sources of energy, Present Scenario,
Future Prospects,
Economic Criteria
2. Solar Energy: (10 hrs)
Physical Principal of the conversion of Solar radiation into heat, Photo-
voltaic cell,
Electricity generation, Solar water heaters, Solar Furnaces, Solar
cookers, Solar Stills solar
pumping.
3. Hydro Energy: (8 hrs)
Hydro-electric Power Plants, Mini and Micro hydro-electric power
generation. Magneto
Hydro Dynamic (MHD) Power Generation.
4. Bio-energy: ( 8 hrs)
Bio-mass Conversion Technologies- wet and dry processes. Methods for
obtaining energy
from Biomass. Power Generation by using gassifiers
5. Wind Energy: (6 hrs)
Wind Energy Conversion, Wind mills, Electricity generation from wind-
Types of wind mills,
local control, energy storage
6. Geo-thermal and Tidal Energy: ( 10 hrs)
Geo-thermal sources, Ocean thermal electric conversion, open and
closed cycles, hybrid
cycles. Prime movers for geo-thermal energy conversion. Steam
Generation and
electricity generation.
7. Chemical Energy Sources: ( 10 hrs)
Design and operating principles of a fuel cell, conversion efficiency,
work output and emf of
fuel cells, applications storage battery characteristics, types,
applications, maintenance of
batteries.
111
8. Thermo Electric Power: ( 6 hrs)
Basic principle, performance analysis of thermo electric power
generation, thermoelectric
materials and their application.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS :
1. Solar Energy – Principles of thermal collection and Storage SP
Sukhatme, Tata McGraw
Hill Publication, New Delhi.
2. Solar Energy Utilization; GD Rai ; Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Reviews of Renewable Energy Sources, Vol. 3, Edited by MS. Sodha,
S.S. Mathur, MAS
Malik, TC Kandpal ; Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
4. Renewable Energy Sources and Conversion Technology by NK
Bansal,Manfred
Kleemann, Michael Meliss, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd New
Delhi.
5. Energy Today and Tomorrow; Maheshwar Dayal; Publications
Division, Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
6. Energy Technology (non-conventional, renewable and conventional)
by S Rao and BB
Parulekar, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

EE404 Energy Resources & Generation

Teaching Scheme : 04 L + 01 T Total 05 Credit : 05
Evaluation Scheme : 15 CT1 + 15 CT2 +10 TA+ 60 ESE Total Marks :100

Thermal and Hydro Power plant: Selection of site, working of various parts:
Economizer, air preheater, condenser, cooling tower, coal handling system, ash handling
system, Classification of hydro power plant according to available head, nature of load,
functions of different components and their working.
Nuclear and Diesel Power plant: Methods of producing nuclear reactions, functions of
different components of nuclear plant, functions of different components of diesel plant
Solar Energy and its measurement: Solar constants, solar radiation at earth’s surface,
solar radiation geometry, solar radiation measurement, estimation of average solar
radiation, solar radiation on tilted surface, principle of solar energy conversion in to heat,
flat plate collectors, energy balance equation and collector efficiency
Fuel cells: Chemistry applied to fuel cells, principle and operation ,classification and
types of fuel cells, performance characteristics of fuel cells, classification of fuel cells
system
Wind Energy: Basic principle of wind energy conversion, wind data and energy
estimation, selection of site, basic components of wind energy conversion system
(WECS), classification of WEC systems, generating system, energy storage, application
of wind energy.
Ocean and tidal energy: Ocean energy resources, ocean energy routes, ocean thermal
energy conversion, progressive wave, wave data collection, Basic principle of tidal
power, components of tidal power plants, operation methods of utilization of tidal energy,
estimation of power and energy in simple single basin tidal system
Other non- conventional energy resources: Operating principle of energy from
biomass, energy from biogas, geothermal energy, MHD power generation, energy from
urban and rural waste, mini and micro hydroelectric power generation, principle and
operation of fuel cells, classification and types of fuel cells, performance characteristics
of fuel cells.
Textbooks:
1. Conventional Energy Technology ByS.B.Pandya, Tata Mc-GrawHill 2005
2. Non Conventional Energy Resources ByG.D.Rai, Khanna Publishers 2001

Reference book:
1. Energy and Atmosphere By I.M.Campbell, Wiley, New York 2006
2. Solar Energy By S.P.Sukhatme, Tata Mc-GrawHill 2006
3. Conventional Energy Resourses By B.H.Khan, Tata Mc-GrawHill 2003
4. http://www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/
5. www.ocw.mit.edu

Code Name of Paper Lecture Tutorial Practical

EE35 NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES 3 2/2 -

RATIONALE

The conventional sources of energy are depleting day by day and will not be sufficient to
meet the future demand of energy. Therefore, there is a need for generation of energy by
using non-conventional sources. With this in view diploma holders should be conversant
with basic knowledge and practical applications of non-conventional sources of energy in
rural, cottage and small industries. For rural development it is desirable to ensure the
living conditions of the people in villages. For this purpose technology transfer to meet
the rural needs, with the facilities available is essential, i.e. appropriate technology.

CONTENTS

1. Sources of Energy :

1.1 Different sources

1.2 Application of sources with reference to Rajasthan

2. Solar Energy :

2.1 Application
2.2 Unit of solar power and solar energy
2.3 Historical review and future prospects
2.4 Schematic diagram of a solar thermal power plant
2.5 Solar central receiver thermal power plant
2.6 Solar pond thermal plant
2.7 Solar thermal power supply system for space station
2.8 Introduction to photo voltaic system
2.9 Merits and limitation of solar PV system
2.10 Principle of photo voltaic cell
2.11 V-I characteristics of solar cell
2.12 Efficiency of a solar cell
2.13 Transparent, insulating and absorbing materials
2.14 Building heating by active and passive system
2.15 Solar still, solar dryer and solar cooker
2.16 Solar seasoning of timber

3. Wind Energy :

3.1 Introduction to wind energy

3.2 Merits and demerits of wind energy
3.3 Wind power and energy pattern factor
3.4 Wind machine

3.4.1 Horizontal axis wind machine

3.4.2 Vertical axis wind machine

3.5 Site selection of a wind machine

3.6 Maintenance of a wind machine
3.7 Efficiency of a wind machine
3.8 Application of a wind machine

4. Bio-Gas Energy :

4.1 Introduction to bio-gas energy

4.2 Properties of bio-gas
4.3 Principle of bio-gas production
4.4 Chemical and microbiological processors
4.5 Factors which affects bio-gas production
4.6 Different feed stocks for bio-gas production
4.7 Classification of bio-gas plant

4.7.1 Fixed dome type

4.7.2 Floating type

4.8 Comparison between fixed dome and floating type bio-gas plant
4.9 Site selection of bio-gas plant
4.10 Selection of size and specification of bio-gas plant
4.11 Water removing devices
4.12 Maintenance of bio-gas plants
4.13 Bio gas lamp and chulha
4.14 Bio gas storage and transportation
4.15 Purification of bio-gas
4.16 Environmental effect of bio-gas plant
4.17 Visit to a bio-gas plant
4.18 Preparation of a project report on a bio-gas plant

5. Ocean Energy :

5.1 Introduction to ocean energy

5.2 Types of ocean energy

5.2.1 Open cycle

5.2.2 Closed cycle

6. Appropriate Technology :

6.1 Introduction to appropriate technology

6.2 Concepts of appropriate technology
6.3 Need of appropriate technology
6.4 Merits and demerits
6.5 Comparison between appropriate and modern technology
6.6 Application

REFERENCE BOOKS :

1. Energy technology : S.Rao & B.B. Parulekar

2. Non-conventional Energy Sources : A.N. Mathur & N.S.Rathore
3. Non-conventional Sources of energy and appropriate technology : D.M. Agrawal &
S.K. Bhatnagar
4. Non-conventional Energy Sources : G.D.Rai
5. Solar Energy : Garg & Prakash

******