INCUBATOR

Ahmad Ameer Hakim Bin Mohd Yusof

Section of Electronics Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute

________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. Poultry is one of the branches of agricultural science. In poultry, the eggs of birds (Especially chickens, ducks, turkey and geese) are taken to be incubated. Based on the fact above, Fuzzy Logic has the ability to enhance the production of poultry, increase eggs hatch and reduce eggs casualties. Fuzzy Logic controller has the solution of precise temperature and humidity control whereby while in the research, the temperature and humidity is the key elements that causing eggs casualties. In this project, the development of Incubator will solve the problem of temperature controls with Fuzzy Logic controller.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Incubator for egg hatching has made a great impact in the agriculture world. It increases the production of chicken, duck, turkey and their eggs to the food industry. This is happening because of the hatches percentage through the incubator are much higher than the conventional way. The incubator can save space and cost that are the major factor in obtaining good profit. Creating a good incubator is another challenge that must be faced because of the egg embryos are delicate even a slight changes of temperature, humidity and ventilation can affect the timing of the hatchery moreover a rough turning of the egg can kill the embryo. With Fuzzy Logic System, temperature, humidity, ventilation and turning can be controlled in a single system and providing computer accuracy measurement to avoid casualties in the eggs. Fuzzy Logic System is a part of Artificial Intelligence that imitates human decision but maintaining the accuracy of data measurement. This may sound expensive; actually by applying the technology in micro-controller it reduces the cost of building incubator with analogue control system that applies in current market incubator. In the current market, the minimum price of low cost incubator that have been surveyed is ranged $450 $800 USD its about RM1700 - RM3200 in Malaysia. Mostly the temperature control of the incubator is analog, means that the incubator must be monitored every time for temperature and humidity stability. With the creation of this incubator, the user can get a userfriendly, plus a high-technology incubator with the same price or maybe lower depends on the capacity of eggs that can be stored.

2.0 METHODS
When incubating any bird egg it is important to control the same factors of temperature, humidity, ventilation, and egg turning. The chart shown below lists the major incubation factors and the values of each that produces the best incubation conditions for the species of birds shown. Poor results are most commonly produced with improper control of temperature and/or humidity. Improper control means that the temperature or humidity is too high or too low for a sufficient length of time that it interferes with the normal growth and development of the embryo. Poor results also occur from improper ventilation, egg turning and sanitation of the machines or eggs. Obtain the best hatch by keeping the temperature at 100 F. throughout the entire incubation period when using a forced-air incubator. Minor fluctuations (less than degree) above or below 100 degrees are tolerated, but do not let the temperatures vary more than a total of 1 degree. Prolonged periods of high or low temperatures will alter hatching success. High temperatures are especially serious. A forced-air incubator that is too warm tends to produce early hatches. One that runs consistently cooler tends to produce late hatches. In both cases the total chicks hatched will be reduced. Maintain a still-air incubator at 102 degrees F. to compensate for the temperature layering within the incubator. Obtain the proper temperature reading by elevating the bulb of the thermometer to the same height as the top of the eggs when the eggs are laying horizontal. If the eggs are positioned in a vertical position, elevate the thermometer bulb to a point just below the top of the egg. The temperature is measured at the level where the embryos develop (at the top of the egg). Do not allow the thermometer's bulb to touch the eggs or incubator. Incorrect readings will result.

3.0 RESULTS

Temperature = 37.3, Humidity 91.4 Output 4.46

Temperature = 39.2, Humidity 85.7, Output = 0.532

4.0 DISCUSSION
From the result, it is clear that the system was successfully designed and fulfills the requirement of the system. The system works properly in controlling the temperature of the incubator based on the output gained. Mainly the system focused on controlling the temperature, not the humidity. There are relation between temperature and humidity in incubating. If the temperature is maintained, automatically the humidity of the incubator will maintain. The purposed of using Fuzzy Logic in the system is to prove that Fuzzy can be simpler that other types of system such as PID controller (Proportional Integral Derivative) and manual control incubator for the lower range incubator. By using Fuzzy Logic and embedding into a microcontroller it can simplified the system of an incubator thus, reduce the cost of developing the incubator. This will be an advantage to minor farmers or individuals that has interest in incubating eggs because they can buy a system similar to the high end incubator with a lower price.

5.0 CONCLUSIONS
As for the conclusion, the system is functioning as expected. The output gained similar to the calculation made manually and this system targeted to be efficient, reliable, user-friendly and affordable. What has been learned by developing this incubator is that, the Sugeno Fuzzy Logic proven to be versatile in variation of input and output. In the matter of incubation, the manner of birds has been learned to apply in an incubator so that the artificial hatching activity will have similar process as the natural ways. Data collected in the process helps to improve the system so that it will perform to its maximum capabilities. Fuzzy logic thought us that human decision can be imitate and apply into machines. This is an improvement rather than have Boolean logic in a machine that can process zero and one. With fuzzy logic, human thought can be apply to maximize the precision of output needed.

REFERENCES
T. Takagi, and M. Sugeno, Fuzzy identification of systems and its application to modeling and control, IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., Vol.15, no. 1, pp. 166-132, Jan. 1985
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