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Defense Mechanisms

Can be grouped hierarchically according to degree o maturity a/w them neurotic narcissistic immature
children & psychotically px
adolescents & some nonpsychotic px adults stress, hysterically px, obsessivecompulsive

mature
altruism anticipation asceticism humor sublimation suppression

denial distortion projection

acting out blocking hypochondriasis introjection passive-aggresive behaviour regression schizoid fantasy somatization

controlling displacement externalization inhibition intellectualization isolation rationalization dissociation rx 4mation repression sexualization

Id: the most basic needs and desires, and the immediate gratification of those needs Ego: Works and exists only for balance between the Id and the Superego; between our urges and desires vs. our morals and values. Superego: The moral and somewhat idealistic compilation of judgment usually based on what society, parents, or others have taught us; or based on what we have chosen as our belief system.

Denial

narcissistic defenses Avoiding d awareness o some painful aspect o Used in norm & patho state reality by negating sensory data Denial Repression Declaring or thinking whatever is true is false. Refusal to accept reality, Abolishes Defends external facts, events, implications bc nature of the reality threatens xternal reality against drive individual. Emotional conflicts resolved by refusal to acknowledge derivatives
unpleasant external realities Alcoholic who refuses to believe his drinking makes an impact on his job performance or family life

Distortion

Large reshaping of external reality to meet internal needs Individual convinces themselves everyone around them dislikes them to prevent attachments, risk of rejection; or, convinces self that everyone adores them to feed ego and avoid painful realities.

Grossly reshaped xternal reality to suit inner needs Using sustained feeling o delusional superiority or entitlement

Projection Perceiving & reacting to unacceptable inner impulse & derivatives as though they outside d self

Attributing ones own unacknowledged unacceptable/unwanted thoughts and emotions to another. Reduces anxiety, allows expression of undesirable impulse or desire without conscious awareness. Assuming that someone you extremely dislike extremely dislikes you. Severe prejudice, severe jealousy, hyper vigilance to external danger, and injustice collecting.

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Acting out

Immature defenses Express unconscious wish/impulse through action to avoid being conscious an accompanying effect
ing

Behaving in a manner that expresses impulse or unconscious wishes w/out awareness/understanding of the emotion driving behavior

Unconscious fantasy lived out impulsively in behavior gratifying d impulse (x prohibition against it) Temper tantrum, drug use, promiscuity unconscious wish may be a desire for attention, emotion may be loneliness

Blocking Hypochondriasis

Temporarily/transiently inhibiting thinking Exaggerating/overemphasizing illness 4 purpose o evasion & regression Turning negative feelings into pain, illness, and anxiety instead of expressing feelings or addressing issues.

Introjection

Passive aggressive behaviour

Reproach arise from : Bereavement Loneliness Unacceptable aggressive impulse 2ward others Transformed into: Self approach Complain o pain Somatic illness Neurasthenia Internalizing d quality o an object Deeply associating a belonging w Identifying with some idea or object so deeply that it absent person; the object becomes a part of another person. mentally represents that person (in a very extreme form, necrophilia). Expressing aggression 2ward others Manifestation: indirectly through : Failure Passivity Procrastination Masochism Illneses that affect other > Turning against self oneself
Aggression towards others expressed indirectly or passively

Regression

Attempting to return to an early libidinal phase o fx to avoid tension & conflict evoked at d present level o dvlpmnt Reverting to coping at an earlier stage of development.

Schizoid fantasy

Somatization

Basic tendency to gain instinctual gratification at a < delevoped period Adult throwing a temper tantrum Indulging in autistic retreat Px x believe in fantasies Purpose: Avoid interpersonal To resolve conflict intimacy To obtain gratification Become eccentric Converting psychic derivatives into bodily Desomatization symptoms Infantile somatic response Tend to react w somatic manifestation thought & affect Resomatization Px regress to earlier somatic forms to face unresolved conflict

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Controlling

Displacement

Neurotic defenses Attempting to mx or regulate events/objects in envirnmnt to : Minimize anxiety Resolve inner conflict Shifting emotion or drive cathexis from 1 Mother may yell at child when idea/object to another that resemble d ori in she feels angry at husband. some aspect/quality she displaces her anger toward Aggression or even sexual impulses redirected to a more child coz child more acceptable party. Emotion pointed to safer outlet. Separation of acceptable target& less emotion from its real object. Emotion dissuaded to object, party threatening & < risk in outcome.
that brings less risk.

Externalization Inhibiting

Intellectualization

Tend to perceive in external world & xternal object element own personality Consciously limiting or renouncing some ego fx, alone or in combination to evade anxiety that arise out o confict w : Instinctual impulses Superego Environmental force Figures Xcess using intellectual process to avoid After learning they have a affective xpression/xperience terminal illness, an individual Taking an extremely objective viewpoint w/out regard for begins spending all time emotions. Focusing on only intellectual parts of a situation to studying about the illness to create distance from relevant anxiety provoking emotions. avoid thinking abt the direct Avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual effect in their own life. aspects. Thinking about wishes in emotionally bland, formal
ways, not acting on them.

Isolation

Splitting/separating idea from affect that accompanies it but is repressed separation of feelings from ideas and events

Rationalization

Offering rational xplanation in attempt to justify attitude, belief, or behavior that may otherwise unacceptable

Creating false but credible justifications. Convincing oneself no wrong was done or all is or was all right through faulty/false reasoning. Indicator of this defense mechanism can be seen socially as the formulation of convenient excuses.

Social isolation : absence o object r/ship Describing a murder w graphic details w no emotional response. You are turned down by someone you are interested in, and rationalize that you were not that attracted to them. Protects self-esteem Manifestation: Fugue state Hysterical conversation rx Found in px w : Counter-phobic behavior Dissociative identity disorder Religious joy Use o pharmacological high
Individual day dreams excessively to avoid painful realities, even situation they currently experience

Dissociation

Temporarilt but drastically modify persons character or sense o personal identity to avoid emotional distress

Mod of internal identity, character to avoid painful emotions. Separation of naturally occurring feeling from event or thought. Extreme compartmentalizing. Feel separated from their bodies. Feel events are not really happening. Conscious thought process is elsewhere, not in present moment

Rx 4mation

Transform unacceptable impulse into its opposite


Overacting in the opposite way to a fear. Converting unconscious wishes or impulses perceived to be dangerous into opposites; behavior completely opposite of what one really wants or feels; taking opposite belief because true belief causes anxiety. Works effectively for coping in the short term, will eventually break down.

Characteristic o obsessional neurosis


A manager treats employee whom they extremely dislike ultra kindly, making many special efforts to cater to that person and thus hide true feelings of dislike.

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Repression

Expelling or withholding from consciousness 10 repression : an idea or feeling Curbing o idea & feelings b4 Pulling thoughts into unconscious, preventing painful or they hv attained consciousness dangerous thoughts from entering consciousness; seemingly 20 repression unexplainable naivety, memory lapse or lack of awareness of Exclude from awareness what ones own situation and condition. Emotion is conscious, idea was once xperienced at a behind it absent. Pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the conscious level subconscious.

Individual abused as a child represses feelings and memories, so that feelings and memories no longer remain in the conscious memory. The abuse continues to affect the individuals behavior in relationships.

Sexualization

Altruism

Endowing object/fx w sexual significance that did x prev hv/possed to a smaller degree to ward off anxieties a/w prohibited impulse or their derivatives Mature defenses A church member who volunteers Using constructive & instinctually gratifying service to others to undergo a vicarious xperience for any and every responsibility; the
Concern for others well-being, in an either excessive or successful manner. Actions/service to others that brings enjoyment, distraction, or avoidance of problems. friend who bends over backward to serve, at their own expense.

Anticipation

Realistically anticipating or planning for future inner discomfort

Realistic planning for future discomfort. Adequate anticipation may yield appropriate preparation for future event/circumstance creating anxiety.

Spending so much time planning for future events that events are not enjoyed.

Asceticism Humor

Eliminating d pleasurable effect o experience Using comedy to overtly xpress feelings & Excessive humor used to mask thoughts w/out personal discomfort or emotions and avoid addressing immobilization & w/out producing unpleasant underlying true issues. effect on others
Allows for exploration of absurdity, or emotions & ideas unpleasant to focus on or too terrible to talk about, in a way that brings pleasure to others. Wit, a type of humor that displaces. Wit brings attention to the distressing, which remains unpleasant.

Sublimation

Achieving impulse gratification & retention o goals but altering a socially objectionable aim or object to a socially acceptable one
Redirecting wrong urges into socially acceptable actions.

Individual redirects murder impulses and becomes a surgeon.

Suppression Consciously or semiconsciously postponing attention to a conscious impulse or conflict

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