Additional Mathematics

Project 2
2011
Name: Nurfarahin binti mohammad Taib IC Number : 940416-13-5946 Class : 5 Cekal

Question cakes come in a variety of forms and flavours and are among favourite desserts served during special occasions such as birthday parties, Hari Raya, weddings and etc. Cakes are treasured not only because of their wonderful taste but also in the art of cake baking and cake decorating. Find out how mathematics is used in cake baking and cake decorating and write about your finding Answer: To make a multi storey cake., A suitable method are chosen to built the cake. Hence, the method that we study in additional mathematics also involve in this process. In general,a multi storey cake consist of many layered . Thus, to make the layered of the cake.we must set an appropriate difference in the diameter of the two consecutive layers. To do so, the arithmetic progression are used to determine the suitable differences between the layers.

In this case, we use arithmetic progression where the differences of the diameter is constant that is 2.Thus, when the diameter of the first layer is 8 inch, diameter of the second layer must be 6 inch and the third layer is 4 inch and so on. Besides that, arithmetic progression also used in determining the weight or volume of the multi storey cake with proportional dimensions and to estimate total ingredients needed for cake-baking. This progression also involve in estimating the amount of the cream for decoration.

Moreover , geometry also involve in the process of making this multi storey layer cake .We use geometry to determine suitable dimension for the cake and to assist in designing and decorating the cakes. Geometry also used in estimating the volume of cake to be produced.

Differentiation also used in determine minimum or maximum amount of ingredients for cakebaking. Besides differentiation that we study in additional mathematics also used to estimate minimum or maximum amount of cream needed for decorating and to estimate minimum or maximum size of cake that will be produced.

Part 2

Question

Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake a 5 kg of round cake as shown in Diagram 1 for the Teachers' Day celebration.

1) If a kilogram of cake has a volume of 3800cm, and the height of the cake is to be 7.0 cm,calculate the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cake ordered by your school.[Use = 3.142]

Answer: Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake 3800 x 5 = (3.142)(d/2) x 7 19000/7(3.142) = (d/2) 863.872 = (d/2) d/2 = 29.392 d = 58.784 cm

Question 2) The cake will be baked in an oven with inner dimensions of 80.0 cm in length, 60.0 cm in width and 45.0 cm in height Answer:

Given the inner dimensions of oven: 80cm length, 60cm width, 45cm height

a) Find corresponding values of d with different values of h, and tabulate the answers.

First, form the formula for d in terms of h by using the above formula for volume of cake, V =19000, That is: 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h 19000/(3.142)h = d/4 24188.415/h = d d= Height,h (cm) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Diameter,d (cm) 155.53 109.98 89.80 77.77 68.56 63.49 58.78 54.99 51.84 49.18

Questions

(b) Based on the values in your table, i) State the range of heights that is NOT suitable for the cakes and explain your answers. ii) Suggest the dimensions that you think most suitable for the cake. Give reasons for your answer.

Answer:
b(i) h < 7cm is NOT suitable, because the resulting diameter produced is too large to fit into the oven. Furthermore, the cake would be too short and too wide, making it less attractive. For example: if h=6,d=64.49 The width of the oven is only 60 cm and cannot being filled by 63.49 width baking tray b(ii) The most suitable dimension of the cake is: h=8 and d=54.98 because it can fit perfectly in the oven

Question: c) (i) Form an equation to represent the linear relation between h and d. Hence, plot a suitable graph based on the equation that you have formed. [You may draw your graph with the aid of computer software]

Answer: The same formula in Q2/a is used, that is 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h. The same process is also used,that is, make d the subject. This time, form an equation which is suitable and relevant for the graph: 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h = d/4

= d d= d= log d =  

log d = -1/2 log h + log 155.53 Question: c) Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used? (ii) (a) If Best Bakery received an order to bake a cake where the height of the cake is 10.5 cm,use your graph to determine the diameter of the round cake pan required. (b) If Best Bakery used a 42 cm diameter round cake tray, use your graph to estimate the height of the cake obtained. Answer: From the graph a) d when h = 10.5cm h = 10.5cm, log h = 1.021, log d = 1.680, d = 47.86cm b) h when d = 42cm d = 42cm, log d = 1.623, log h = 1.140, h = 13.80cm

Question: 3 Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with fresh cream. The thickness of the cream is normally set to a uniform layer of about 1 cm (a) Estimate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using the dimensions that you have suggested in 2(b)(ii)

Answer: Amount of fresh cream = VOLUME of fresh cream needed (area x height) Amount of fresh cream = Vol. of cream at the top surface + Vol. of cream at the side surface

Vol. of cream at the top surface = Area of top surface x Height of cream = (3.142)(54.99/2) x 1=2375 cm Vol. of cream at the side surface= Area of side surface x Height of cream = (Circumference of cake x Height of cake) x Height of cream= 2(3.142)(54.99/2)(8) x 1=1382.23 cm

Therefore, amount of fresh cream = 2375 + 1382.23 =3757.23 cm

Question: 3b) Suggest three other shapes for cake , that will have the same height and volume as those suggested in 2(b)(ii). Estimate the amount of fresh cream to be used on each of the cakes.

Answer:

Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid) 19000 = base area x height base area =

length x width = 2375 By trial and improvement,2375 = 50 x 47.5 (length = 50, width = 47.5, height = 8)

Therefore, volume of cream = 2(Area of left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + 2(Area of front/back side surface)(Heightof cream) + Vol. of top surface = 2(8 x 50)(1) + 2(8 x 47.5)(1) + 2375 =3935 cm

2 Triangle-shaped base 19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 x length x width = 2375 length x width = 4750 By trial and improvement,4750 = 95 x 50 (length = 95, width = 50) Slant length of triangle = (95 + 25)= 98.23 Therefore, amount of cream= Area of rectangular front side surface(Height of cream) + 2(Area of slant rectangular left/rightside surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = (50 x 8)(1) + 2(98.23 x 8)(1) + 2375 =4346.68 cm

3 Pentagon-shaped base 19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 = area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon therefore: 2375 = 5(length x width) 475 = length x width By trial and improvement, 475 = 25 x 19 (length = 25, width = 19)

Therefore, amount of cream = 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + vol. of top surface = 5(8 x 19) + 2375 =3135 cm Question:

c) Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used?

Answer: Pentagon-shaped cake, since it requires only 3135 cm of cream to be used

Part 3

Question:

Find the dimension of a 5 kg round cake that requires the minimum amount of fresh cream to decorate. Use at least two different methods including Calculus.State whether you would choose to bake a cake of such dimensions. Give reasons for your answers. Answer:

Method 1: Differentiation Use two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and the formula for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a). 19000 = (3.142)rh (1) (2) (3)

V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)rh From (1): h = 19000/(3.142)r Sub. (3) into (2):

V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)r(19000/(3.142)r) V = (3.142)r + (38000/r) V = (3.142)r +

= 2(3.142)r -(38000/r) 0 = 2(3.142)r - (38000/r) -->> minimum value, therefore dV/dr = 0 38000/r = 2(3.142)r 38000/2(3.142) = r 6047.104 = r

r = 18.22 Sub. r = 18.22 into (3):h = 19000/(3.142)(18.22) h = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44cm

Method 2: Quadratic Functions Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is themain equation used as the quadratic function. Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake: 19000 = (3.142)rh 1)f(r) = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)hr 2) From (2): f(r) = (3.142)(r + 2hr) = (3.142)[ (r + 2h/2) - (2h/2) ] factorize (3.142) completing square, with a

= (3.142), b = 2h and c = 0 = (3.142)[ (r + h) - h ] = (3.142)(r + h) - (3.142)h (a = (3.142) (positive indicates min. value), min. value = f(r) = -(3.142)h, corresponding valueof x = r = --h)

Sub. r = --h into (1): 19000 = (3.142)(--h)h h = 6047.104 h = 18.22

Sub. h = 18.22 into (1): 19000 = (3.142)r(18.22)r = 331.894

r = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22 cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44 cm I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its dimensions are not suitable (the height is too high) and therefore less attractive. Furthermore, such cakes are difficult to handle easily. FURTHER EXPLORATION

Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake for Merdeka Day celebration, as shown in Diagram 2.

The height of each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31.0 cm. The radius of the second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first cake, the radius of the third cake is 10% less than the radius of the second cake and so on.

(a) Find the volume of the first, the second, the third and the fourth cakes. By comparing all these values, determine whether the volumes of the cakes form a number pattern? Explain and elaborate on the number patterns. (b) If the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg, calculate the maximum number of cakes that the bakery needs to bake. Verify your answer using other methods

Answer:

Given: height, h of each cake = 6cm radius of largest cake = 31cm radius of 2nd cake = 10% smaller than 1stcake radius of 3rd cake = 10% smaller than 2ndcake . etc. From question, you'll get: 31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.599, (GP with a = 31, r = 9/10) a) Find volume of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4thcakes. Determine whether the volumes form number pattern, then explain and elaborate on the number patterns.

Use the formula for volume V = (3.142)rh, with h = 6 to get the volume of cakes. The values of r can be obtained from the progression of radius of cakes given in previous question. My answer: Radius of 1stcake = 31, volume of 1stcake= (3.142)(31)(6) =18116.772

Radius of 2ndcake = 27.9, vol. of 2ndcake =14674.585 Radius of 3rdcake = 25.11, vol. of 3rdcake =11886.414 Radius of 4thcake = 22.599, vol. of 4thcake =9627.995 18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995, (it is a GP with first term, a = 18116.772 and ratio, r = T2/T1= T3/T2= = 0.81)

b) Given the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg ( total mass < 15 kg, change to volume: total volume < 57000 cm), find the maximum number of cakes that needs to be baked.Verify the answer using other methods. Use Sn= (a(1 - )) / (1 - r), with Sn= 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81 to find n: 57000 = (18116.772(1 1 - 0.81n= 0.597790.40221 = log0.810.40221 = n n = log 0.40221 / log 0.81 n= 4.322 therefore, n 4 Verifying the answer: When n = 5: S5= (18116.772(1- (0.81)5)) / (1 0.81) = 62104.443 > 57000 (Sn> 57000, n = 5 is notsuitable) When n = 4: S4= (18116.772(1 - (0.81)4)) / (1 - 0.81) = 54305.767 < 57000 (Sn< 57000, n = 4 is suitable) )) / (1 - 0.81)

QUESTION: REFLECTION While you were conducting the project, what have you learnt? What moral values did you practise? Represent your opinions or feelings creatively through usage of symbols, illustrations,drawing or even in a song ANSWER: I have spent countless hours doing this project. In finishing this additional mathematics project work. I realized that this subject is compulsory to me.Without it,I may not being able to fulfill my dream. I admit that additional mathematic also needed in our daily activities such as baking a cake.Before doing this project,I used to think that additional mathematic was not that important to me. After a while doing this project,I realized that,everything that I learned before in additional mathematic is involve in my daily life.

Throughout the day and night self study,I feel more close to the formula that being used in this subject. I really thankful that I finished this project because I can make some revision about the previous chapter in form 4.the formula that I memorize is really useful for me in the future. Besides that, I have learned many moral values that I practice. This project work had taught me to be more confident when doing something especially the homework given by the teacher. I also learned to be a more disciplined student who is punctual and independent.