Chapter 55 Quiz 1. Which of the following groups is absolutely essential to the functioning of an ecosystem? a. Producers b.

Producers and herbivores c. Producers, herbivores, and carnivores d. Detritivores e. Producers and detritivores 2. Primary production a. Is equal to the standing crop of an ecosystem b. Is greatest in freshwater lakes and streams c. Is the rate of conversion of light to chemical energy in an ecosystem d. Is inverted in some aquatic ecosystems e. Is all of the above 3. In the experiment in which iron was added to the Sargasso Sea, the growth of eukaryotic phytoplankton was stimulated because a. Iron was the limiting nutrient for eukaryotic phytoplankton growth b. The iron interacted with bottom sediments, releasing nitrogen and phosphorus into the water c. Iron interacted with phosphorus, making that nutrient available to the phytoplankton d. The iron reached the critical load necessary to promote photosynthesis e. Iron stimulated the growth of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, which then made nitrogen available for phytoplankton growth 4. Production in terrestrial ecosystem is affected by a. Temperature b. Light intensity c. Availability of nutrients d. Availability of water e. All of the above 5. Secondary production a. Is measured by the standing crop b. Is the rate of biomass production in consumers c. Is greater than primary production d. Is 10% less than primary production e. Is the gross primary production minus the energy used for respiration 6. In which of the following would you expect the production efficiency to be the greatest? a. Plants b. Mammals c. Fish d. Insects e. Birds

Chapter 55 Quiz 7. Biogeochemical cycles are global for elements a. That are found in the atmosphere b. That are found mainly in the soil c. Such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus d. That are dissolved in water e. In the nonavailable reservoirs 8. The finding of harmful levels of DDT in grebes (fish-eating birds) following years of trying to eliminate bothersome gnat populations in a lakeshore town is an example of a. Eutrophication b. Biological magnification c. The biomass pyramid d. Chemical cycling e. Increasing resistance to pesticides 9. The greenhouse effect a. Could change global climate and lead to the flooding of coastal areas b. Could result in more C4 plants in plant communities that were previously dominated by C3 plants c. Causes an increase in temperature when CO2 absorbs more sunlight entering the atmosphere d. Could increase precipitation in central continental areas e. Could do all of the above 10. Which of the following trophic levels would most likely have the largest numbers of individuals? a. Primary producers b. Omnivores c. Primary consumers d. Herbivores e. Tertiary consumers 11. The open ocean and tropical rain forest are the two largest contributors to Earths net primary production because a. Both have high rates of net primary production b. Both cover huge surface areas of Earth c. Nutrients cycle fastest in these two ecosystems d. The ocean covers a huge surface area and the tropical rain forest has a high rate of production e. Both a and b are correct