Application of Linear Algebra

As we had already knew, Linear Algebra is a branch of mathematics that is concerned with mathematical structures closed under the operations of addition and scalar multiplication and that includes the theory of systems of linear equations, matrices, determinants, vector spaces, and linear transformations. As other topic, Linear Algebra also plays a role in our daily life in order to solve our daily problem and other. There are many application of linear algebra in our daily life and each of the application will be explain details below. 1. Personal Finance Money is very important in our daily life. A good money management will help us to maintain our finance and there are many ways which can be done or applied in managing our finance. Linear algebra also involve in personal finance management. In order to manage the finance, we should has a check book registry or financial software to track our income and expenses in order to make sure that we are making enough money to pay our bills and accomplish our financial goals. The registry in a check book is basically a form that helps to perform the algebraic operations necessary to track expenses and income. Usually, a check book registry has a column that includes a column for describing transactions, transaction and balance. Column for describing transaction must have a detail about date, place and other important remarks about the transaction that happens. For the column transaction, it should labelled by deposits and debits. Deposits are referring to income and debits are expenses. By making the deposits and debits column for transaction we can separate the add money and subtraction of money in order to make the analysis quick and easy. For example, the allowance that received is logged in column deposits and rent, utilities and others in debits column. A balance column is provided for calculating the amount of money present in the bank account after each transaction. The process of recording transactions and balances in a check book registry basically involves performing a large, highly descriptive, ongoing algebraic equation. When a transaction is recorded in the column for deposits, a positive term is appended to the equation. When a transaction is recorded in the debits column, a negative term is appended to the equation. The balance column represents the other

side of the equation. As the terms are appended to the equation, the balance column may be updated immediately, or the various transactions can be recorded and the total can be found later; but either way, the balance is always the result of the addition and subtraction of the terms represented by the values in the debits and deposits columns.

2. Building Skycrappers Linear Algebra also involve in construction sector like building skyscrapers in order to determine amounts of time, manpower, money, concrete, steel, wiring, pipes, and paint needed to build skyscrapers. Use the Algebra in construction sector will maximize the profit and reduce the side cost. In linear programming, if a linear fraction, subject to the constraints of a system of linear inequalities in 2 variables attains a maximum/minimum value that occur that at corner/along an entire of the region R that represents the solutions of the system. A skyscraper towering high above a city is susceptible to many unpredictable forces and must be able to withstand a wide range of punishing forces. These forces include large changes in weight due to people coming and going and precipitation collecting on the outside of the building, fluctuations in air pressure and wind, and earthquakes. A skyscraper should able endurance from the unpredictable damage to the structure of the building. For example, in 1945, a United States Army B-25 bomber, whose pilot had been disoriented by dense fog, crashed into the side of the Empire State Building, tearing gigantic holes in the walls and support beams, and igniting fires on five floors. However, the nearly 1,500-foot (457 m) tall skyscraper (the tallest in the world at the time) stood and the damage was repaired. If even small miscalculations had taken place in the planning of the Empire State Building, the crash might have caused the entire building to topple. The biggest challenge to bulid skyscrapers is make the structure stable enough to withstand wind and other forces. A skyscraper cannot be perfectly rigid but must be allowed to sway slightly in all directions or its own weight would cause the structure to snap like a dry stick when acted on by forces like wind and earthquakes Under normal conditions, the movement of a skyscraper is undetectable by the human eye, and unnoticed by occupants. The amount of flexibility in the structure must be controlled perfectly by the structure of each floor.Modeling the nature of a skyscrapers flexible components involves the use of the imaginary number, i, where i2= -1.

In the study of basic algebra, the value of i is not logical because multiplying any real number by itself resultsin a positive number, e.g., 22 = (-2)2 = 4.Multiples of i, such as 2i and -3i, are called imaginary numbers orcomplex numbers.An entire field of mathematics, known as complex analysis, is devoted to the study of the properties of imaginary numbers. Although imaginary numbers do not follow the rules of basic algebra, they are often used to simplify enormous, intricate polynomial equations like those used to model the stability of skyscrapersinto more manageable equations. After an equation is solved using imaginary numbers, the solution can often be transformed back into real numbers. The use of imaginary numbers enables mathematicians and scientists to solve problems that would otherwise be unsolvable. For example, by assuming that i exists and using it in algebraic expressions, mathematicians, physicists, chemists, statisticians, and engineers are able to model and simplify complicated phenomena. In addition to modeling the slight swaying of a skyscraper, imaginary numbers can be used to model the behavior of electrical circuits, the springs that absorb shock in automobiles, and sophisticated economic systems.

3. Network Analysis/Traffic Flow

Traffic flow, in mathematics and engineering, is the study of interactions between vehicles, drivers, and infrastructure (including highways, signage, and traffic control devices), with the aim of understanding and developing an optimal road network with efficient movement of traffic and minimal traffic congestion problems. Linear Algebra is used to solve the problems that happen to the network. For us, network will consist of a finite number of nodes connected by a series of directed edges known as branches or arcs. Each branch will be labelled with a flow that represents the amount of some commodity that can flow along that branch in the indicated direction. The fundamental rule governing flow through a network is conservation of flow is at each node, the flow in is equal the flow out.

x2

520

x1

480

The figure shows a portion those two branches entering a node/ conjunction and leaving it by two ways. By using the conservation of flow rules, total of incoming flow is equal to outgoing flow. So, x1 + x2 = 520 + 480. x1 + x2 = 520 + 480 x1 + x2 = 1000

From the equation above, we can analyze the flow through an entire network by constructing such equations and solving the resulting system of linear equations.