Steel and Timber Design Benchmarks - Enu

ESA-Prima Win Steel and timber design benchmarks
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ESA-Prima Win

STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN BENCHMARKS

SCIA

Scientific Application Group


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___________________________________________________________

Release : 3.20.xx
Module :
Manual : Design benchmarks
Revision : June 2000

___________________________________________________________

SCIA Group n.v.
Scientific Application Group
Industrieweg 1007 B-3540 Herk-de-Stad (Belgi)
Tel.(+32) (0)13/55 17 75 Fax.(+32) (0)13/55 41 75

___________________________________________________________

SCIA W+B Software b.v.
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Tel.(+31) 26-3338008 Fax.(+31) 26-3341949

___________________________________________________________

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Rue Papin 29 - F-59650 Villeneuve d'Asq (Frankrijk)
Tel.(+33) (0) 3.20.04.10.60 Fax.(+33) (0) 3.20.04.03.36

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SCIA GmbH
Giesestrae 3 D 58636 Iserlohn (Duitsland)
Tel.(+49) 2371-4944 Fax.(+49) 2371-4904


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ABOUT THIS BENCHMARKS

All benchmarks are presented in the following form :

Description
Short description of the benchmark.

Project data
All necessary data to calculate the project.

Reference
The reference from which the results are taken or the analytical solution.

Result
Comparison between ESA-Prima Win and the reference result.

Version
Version number of the version with which the verification was done.

Input file + calculation note
Name of the corresponding ESA-Prima Win file.

Modules
Name of the commercial modules needed to calculate this example.

Author
Initials of the author of the benchmark

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the
express written permission of the publisher.
SCIA Software is not responsible for direct or indirect damage as a result of imperfections in the documentation and/or
software.

Copyright 2000 SCIA Software. All rights reserved.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

The following benchmarks are available (the benchmarks are grouped according to the ESA-Prima Win modules) :

INTRODUCTION 10
1. STEEL CODE CHECK 11
1.1 PST.06.XX 01 : CALCULATION OF BUCKLING RATIOS 11
1.2 PST.06.XX 02 : CALCULATION OF BUCKLING RATIOS FOR CROSSING DIAGONALS 14
1.3 PST.06.01 01 : EC 3 STEEL CODE CHECK TUTORIAL FRAME 23
1.4 PST.06.01 02 : EC 3 STEEL CODE CHECK WARPING CHECK 45
1.8 PST.06.01 06 : EC 3 STEEL CODE CHECK TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AND SHEAR
BUCKLING CHECK FOR COLD FORMED SECTIONS 60
1.9 PST.06.01 07 : EXAMPLE CODE CHECK AND CONNECTIONS ACCORDING TO EC3 : DESIGN OF
AN INDUSTRIAL TYPE BUILDING 68
1.10 PST.06.02 01 : DIN 18800 STEEL CODE CHECK (1) 119
1.14 PST.06.02 05 : DIN 18800 STEEL CODE CHECK TUTORIAL FRAME 141
1.15 PST.06.03 01 : NEN 6770/6771 STEEL CODE CHECK 156
1.16 PST.06.05 01 : AISC STEEL CODE CHECK TUTORIAL FRAME 159
1.17 PST.06.06 01 : CM 66 STEEL CODE CHECK TUTORIAL FRAME 176
1.18 PST.06.08 - 01 : SIA161 STEEL CODE CHECK TUTORIAL FRAME 197
1.19 PST.06.09 01 : BS5950 STEEL CODE CHECK TUTORIAL FRAME 208
1.20 PST.06.09 02 : BS5950 STEEL CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN 225
1.21 PST.06.10 01 : GBJ 17-88 STEEL CODE CHECK TUTORIAL FRAME 233
1.22 PST.06.11 01 : KOREAN STEEL CODE CHECK TUTORIAL FRAME 250
2. CONNECTIONS 263
2.1 PST.07.01 01 : CALCULATION OF A BASE PLATE 263
2.2 PST.07.01 02 : CALCULATION OF A BOLTED CONNECTION 272
2.5 PST.07.01 05 : CALCULATION OF WELDED CONNECTIONS 323
2.6 PST.07.01 06 : CALCULATION OF REQUIRED STIFFNESS 332
2.7 PST.07.01 - 07: BOLTED CONNECTION WITH COLUMN MINOR AXIS 340
2.8 PST.07.01 - 08: WELDED CONNECTION WITH COLUMN MINOR AXIS 349
2.9 PST.07.01 - 09: BOLTED CONNECTION 356
2.10 PST.07.02 01 : FRAME PINNED CONNECTION (PLATE WELDED ON THE WEB) 358
2.11 PST.07.02 02 : FRAME PINNED CONNECTION (PLATE BOLTED TO THE WEB) 365
2.12 PST.07.02 03 : FRAME PINNED CONNECTION (ANGLES) 378
2.13 PST.07.02 04 : FRAME PINNED CONNECTIONS (SHORT ENDPLATE) 391
2.14 PST.07.02 - 05 : FRAME PINNED CONNECTION (ANGLES) WITH COLUMN MINOR AXIS 399


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2.15 PST 07 03 01: HOLLOW SECTION JOINT DESIGN ANNEX K 408
2.19 PST.07.03 -5: KLS TRUSS CONNECTION: WELDSIZE CALCULATION 428
2.20 PST.07.04 01 : BOLTED DIAGONAL CONNECTIONS 432
3. TIMBER 449
3.1 PTR.06.01 01 : EC 5 TIMBER CODE CHECK 449


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The ESA-Prima Win modules :

ESA-Prima Win
Engineering Structural Analysis for Windows 95/98/NT/2000 - Rel.3.20

FEM = Finite Element Method
RC = Reinforced Concrete

ESA-Prima Win Base
PRS.00
Base:
basic module for each ESA-Prima Win installation, including import/export of projects, libraries
(profiles, plates, bolts and materials), document generation, gallery of drawings, rendering, manuals,
online help and delivery materials

ESA-Prima Win: Basic Structural Analysis
PRS.01
2D Frame :
linear static analysis of plane beam structures with loads in their plane
PRE.01
2D Wall (FEM ext.) :
linear static analysis of plane wall structures in plane stress (ext. to PRS.01)

PRS.02
2D Grid :
linear static analysis of grid structures with loads perpendicular to their plane
PRE.02
2D Plate (FEM ext.) :
linear static analysis of plates with loads perpendicular to their plane (ext. to PRS.02)

PRS.11
3D Frame :
linear static analysis of spatial beam structures (incl. funct. PRS.01 + PRS.02)
PRE.11
3D Shell (FEM ext.) :
linear static analysis of spatial shells (incl. funct. PRE.01 + PRE.02) (ext. to PRS.11)

ESA-Prima Win: Pre-processors
PRE.12
Intersec :
intersection of 2D/1D (shell/beam) and 2D/2D (shell/shell) macros
PRS.13
Graphical section :
graphical input of cross-sections with arbitrary shape and different materials, thin-walled sections,
DXF import of cross-sections
PRE.31
Influence surfaces :
calculation of the influence surface of an internal force, deformation or reaction in plate or shell
projects/
PRC.70
Beam :
pre-processor for fast input of continuous beams, including predefined loadcases and automatic
generation of combinations
PST.07.00
Connect :
pre-processor for manual input of internal forces on a connection

ESA-Prima Win: Load generators
PRS.62
Plane load :
automatic division of a surface load to the beams
PRE.63
Train load :
defining of train loads and positioning on plane surfaces
PRS.65.01
Advanced Wind + Snow (EC 1) :
advanced automatic generation of wind and snow on complex structures, according to EC 1
PRS.65.02
Wind + Snow (DIN 1055) :
automatic generation of wind and snow loads according to DIN 1055
PRS.65.03
Advanced Wind + Snow + Slab (NEN 6702) :
advanced automatic generation of wind, snow and slab loads on complex structures, according to NEN


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6702
PRS.65.07
Wind + Snow (CSN 730035) :
automatic generation of wind and snow loads according to CSN 730035
PRS.66
Mobile loads Frame :
one user defined group of mobile pointloads on frame structures, calculation of the envelope for the
whole structure and the local course in a point of the structure
PRE.66
Mobile loads FEM :
one user defined group of mobile pointloads on shell structures, calculation of the envelope for the
whole structure (ext. to PRS.66)
PRS.67
Advanced mobile loads Frame :
several groups of mobile loads with interference, user defined loadgroup of pointloads and uniformly
distributed loads, loadgroups according to different codes
PRE.67
Advanced mobile loads FEM :
several groups of mobile loads with interference, user defined loadgroup of pointloads and uniformly
distributed loads, loadgroups according to different codes (ext. to PRS.67)

ESA-Prima Win: Advanced Structural Analysis
PRS.22
2nd order Frame :
geometrical nonlinear analysis incl. modelling of geometric imperfections (initial deformations and
member imperfections), prestressed beams
PRE.22
2nd order FEM :
geometrical nonlinear analysis of shell structures, membrane effects (ext. to PRS.22)

PRS.25
Stability Frame :
determination of the global buckling mode and buckling load, extraction of critical geometric
imperfections, results can be used as input for PRS.22
PRE.25
Stability FEM :
determination of the global buckling mode and buckling load (ext. to PRS.25)

PRS.28
Dynamics Frame :
definition of eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes for frames
PRS.29
Dynamics Frame (ext.) :
harmonic, spectral and time history analysis, seismic loads (ext. to PRS.28)

PRE.28
Dynamics FEM :
definition of eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes for shells (ext. to PRS.28)
PRE.29
Dynamics FEM (ext.) :
harmonic, spectral and time history analysis, seismic loads (ext. to PRE.28)
PRP.01
Dynamics package : PRS.28 + PRE.28 + PRS.29 + PRE.29

PRS.55
Building phases Frame :
calculation of Frame structures in different phases : adding or removing supports, members, loadcases,
changing cross section properties in different steps ; the history of internal forces is calculated
PRE.55
Building phases FEM :
calculation of FEM structures in different phases : adding or removing supports, members, loadcases,
changing cross section properties in different steps ; the history of internal forces is calculated (ext. to
PRS.55)
PRS.80
Physical nonlinear conditions :
analysis of structures with local physical nonlinearities: members with limited tension/compression,
elimination of tension springs, gap elements, nonlinear supports
PRS.81
Physical nonlinear Frame (steel) :
analysis of steel structures with plastic hinges (for EC, DIN, NEN)
PRS.82
Physical nonlinear Frame (concrete) :
analysis of RC structures with physical nonlinearities: bending, creep (for EC, NEN, DIN, NORM,
CSN)


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PRE.82
Physical nonlinear FEM (concrete) :
analysis of RC structures with physical nonlinearities: bending, creep (for EC, NEN, DIN, NORM,
CSN)

ESA-Prima Win: Steel Design
PST.06.01
Steel Code Check (EC 3) :
stress and stability verification of steel members according to EC 3, with profile optimization
PST.06.02
Steel Code Check (DIN 18800) :
stress and stability verification of steel members according to DIN 18800, with profile optimization
PST.06.03
Steel Code Check (NEN 6770/6771) :
stress and stability verification of steel members according to NEN 6770/6771, with profile
optimization
PST.06.04
Steel Code Check (norm 4300) :
stress and stability verification of steel members according to norm 4300, with profile optimization
PST.06.05
Steel Code Check (AISC) :
stress and stability verification of steel members according to AISC, with profile optimization
PST.06.06
Steel Code Check (CM 66) :
stress and stability verification of steel members according to CM 66, with profile optimization
PST.06.07
Steel Code Check (CSN 731401) :
stress and stability verification of steel members according to CSN 731401, with profile optimization
PST.06.08
Steel Code Check (SIA 161) : stress and
stability verification of steel memebers according to SIA 161, with profile optimization
PST.06.09
Steel Code Check (BS 5950 - Part 1) :
stress and stability verification of steel members according to BS 5950 - Part 1, with profile
optimization
PST.06.10
Steel Code Check (CHIN GBJ 17-88) :
stress and stability verification of steel members according to CHIN GBJ 17-88, with profile
optimization
PST.06.11
Steel Code Check (KOR) :
stress and stability verification of steel members according to KOR, with profile optimization
PST.07.01
Connect Frame - Rigid (EC 3 Revised annex J) :
design, verification and drawing of bolted and welded steel frame connections according to EC 3
Revised annex J
PST.07.02
Connect Frame - Pinned (EC 3) :
design, verification and drawing of hinged steel frame connections according to EC 3
PST.07.03
Truss connections :
calculation of welded connections in trusses (tubes, rectangular hollow sections and I sections) acc. To
EC 3 and CIDECT
PST.07.04
Bolted Diagonals :
calculation of bolted diagonals in steel structures according to Eurocode 3 (bolts, net section)
PST.07.10
Expert system Connect Frame :
intelligent selection of a steel frame connection from an extended library with DSTV, SPRINT and
user defined connections.
PST.11
Project :
general overview drawings for steel structures with annotations, detailed bill of material

ESA-Prima Win: Foundations
PRS.14
Foundation block stability :
input of foundation blocks under colums, calculation of the resulting rigidity of the support (optionally
in combination with Soilin for input of Ground layers), check of: bearing resistance, sliding and
overturning.
PRE.32
Soilin :
Iterative analysis of soil-structure interaction : calculation of soil parameters for structures on
foundation plates


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ESA-Prima Win: Concrete Design
PRC.71.01
RC Beams & Columns Analysis (EC 2) :
reinforcement analysis of concrete beams & columns according to EC 2
PRC.71.02
RC Beams & Columns Analysis (DIN 1045-1) :
reinforcement analysis of concrete beams & columns according to DIN 1045-1
PRC.71.03
RC Beams & Columns Analysis (NEN 6720) :
reinforcement analysis of concrete beams & columns according to NEN 6720
PRC.71.04
RC Beams & Columns Analysis (norm) : reinforcement
analysis of concrete beams & columns according tot norm
PRC.71.07
RC Beams & Columns Analysis (CSN) :
reinforcement analysis of concrete beams & columns according to CSN
PRC.71.09
RC Beams & Columns Analysis (BS8110) :
reinforcement analysis of concrete beams & columns according to British Standard 8110
PRC.71.10
RC Beams & Columns Analysis (GBJ 10-89) :
reinforcement analysis of concrete beams & columns according to the Chinese code GBJ 10-89
PRC.72.01
RC Plates & Shells Analysis (EC 2) :
reinforcement analysis of plates & shells according to EC 2
PRC.72.02
RC Plates & Shells Analysis (DIN 1045) :
reinforcement design of plates & shells according to DIN 1045
PRC.72.03
RC Plates & Shells Analysis (NEN 6720) :
reinforcement design of plates & shells according to NEN 6720
PRC.72.04
RC Plates & Shells Analysis (norm) :
reinforcement design of plates & shells according to norm
PRC.72.07
RC Plates & Shells Analysis (CSN) :
reinforcement design of plates & shells according to CSN
PRC.72.08
RC Plates & Shells Analysis (SIA) :
reinforcement design of plates & shells according to SIA
PRC.72.09
RC Plates & Shells Analysis (BS8110) :
reinforcement design of plates & shells according to British Standard 8110
PRC.72.10
RC Plates & Shells Analysis (GBJ 10-89) :
reinforcement design of plates & shells according to the Chinese code GBJ 10-89
PRC.73
RC Beams & Columns Design & Drawings :
reinforcement design for concrete beams & columns : conversion from theoretical to practical
reinforcement, generation of drawings, generation of bill of material
PRC.74
RC Plates Design & Drawings :
reinforcement design for concrete plates : conversion from theoretical to practical reinforcement,
generation of drawings, generation of bill of material
PRC.75.01
Punching (Eurocode 2) :
punching check for plates according to Eurocode 2
PRC.80
Prestress :
calculation of the internal force distribution and time dependent deformation of 2D Frame structures
with prestressed elements ; prestressing and poststressing ; calculation of losses (immediate and time-
dependent)

ESA-Prima Win: Timber Design
PTR.06.01
Timber Code Check (EC 5) :
stress and stability verification of timber members according to Eurocode 5, serviceability check
including creep


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INTRODUCTION

This verification report contains a series of benchmarks for the design modules of ESA-Prima Win. At least one relevant
example of each module is checked and verified with results from the literature, with analytical results or with the result of
a manual calculation.


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1. STEEL CODE CHECK

1.1 PST.06.xx 01 : Calculation of buckling ratios

Description
Calculation of buckling ratios for columns of simple frames.

Project data

Section Moment of inertia
[cm
4
]
IPE240 3890
IPE270 5790
IPE360 16270
IPE400 23130

Reference

[1] Eurocode 3 : Design of steel structures
Part 1-1 : General rules and rules for buildings
ENV 1993-1-1:1992
Annex E : Buckling length of compression members
[2] G. Hnersen, E. Fritzsche
Stahlbau in Beispielen
Berechnungspraxis nach DIN 18 800 Teil 1 bis Teil 3
Werner Verlag GmbH & Co. KG Dusseldorf 1995


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Calculation of buckling ratio according to EC3 Annex E

Stiffness coefficients

Bea
m
K (I/L)
[cm]
1 40.68
2 40.68
3 46.26
4 7.78
5 12.97
6 9.73
7 7.78
8 12.97
9 9.73
10 9.65
11 6.48
12 9.65

Calculation buckling ratios with formula (E.7)

Bea
m
Kc K1 K2 K11 K12 K21 K22 1 2 l/L
1 40.68 0 0 0 46.26 0 0 0.47 1.00 2.47
4 7.78 12.97 0 0 9.65 0 0 0.68 0.00 1.37
5 12.97 9.73 7.78 0 6.48 0 9.65 0.78 0.68 2.06
6 9.73 0 12.97 0 9.65 0 6.48 0.49 0.78 1.81

Result

Beam EPW EC3
Annex E
% Diff. Ref.[2] % Diff. Remark
1 2.35 2.47 4.86 % 2.30 2.17 % Example 6.6.1. from Ref.[2]
2 2.35 2.47 4.86 % 2.30 2.17 % Example 6.6.1. from Ref.[2]
4 1.21 1.37 11.68 % 1.15 5.22 % Example 6.6.4. from Ref.[2]
5 1.99 2.06 3.40 % 2.03 1.97 % Example 6.6.4. from Ref.[2]
6 1.79 1.81 1.10 % 2.30 22.17 % Example 6.6.4. from Ref.[2]
13 1.00 Standard Euler case: ratio = 1.00
14 2.02 Standard Euler case: ratio = 2.00

Version
ESA-Prima Win 3.20.03

PST06xx01.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)
EC 3 Steel code check (PST.06.01)

Author


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CVL


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1.2 PST.06.xx 02 : Calculation of buckling ratios for crossing diagonals

Description
Calculation of buckling ratios of crossing diagonals according to DIN18800 Teil 2, table 15.
The buckling check of member 17 is performed.

Project data
See Input file.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0

The diagonal crossings are introduced by using the input option <Cross-Links>.
The column sections are the cold formed RHS section SC140/140/8.
The diagonal sections are the cold formed RHS section AC100/80/6. The weak axis of this section is in the calculation
plane.

Reference
[1] DIN18800 Teil 2
Stahlbauten : Stabilittsflle, Knicken von Stben und Stabwerken

See the chapter "Manual calculation" for the detailed calculation according to this reference.

Result


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Type of result Manually ESA-Prima Win % Diff
Unity check "Buckling
check" - No "crossing
diagonals"
1.03 1.03 0 %
Unity check "Buckling
check" - With "crossing
diagonals"
0.82 0.82 0 %

See the chapter "Calculation note" for the detailed output of ESA-Prima Win.

Version

Input file
PST06xx02.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)
EC3 Steel code check (PST.06.01)

Author
CVL

Manual calculation 1
For the section AC100/80/6, the following properties are valid :

A 2020 mm
Iy 2800000 mm
4

Iz 1960000 mm
4

iy 37.23 mm
iz 31.15 mm
f
y
235 N/mm

When the option Crossing diagonals is not active, the element 17 is considered as a hinged member.

strong axis weak axis
system length 3610 mm 3610 mm
buckling ratio 1.0 1.0
buckling length 3610 mm 3610 mm
slenderness 3610/37.23 = 96.9 3610/31.15 = 115.9
reduced slenderness 96.9/93.9 = 1.03 115.9/93.9 = 1.23
imperfection curve
for cold formed section
b b
reduction factor 0.58 0.46

In the element, a normal compressive force NSd = 204.7 kN is acting.
The capacity for the compressive force Nb,Rd is given by


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( )
kN 5 . 198
1 . 1
235 2020
0 . 1 46 . 0 Rd , Nb
f A
46 . 0 , 58 . 0 min Rd , Nb
1 M
y
A
=
=

The resulting unity check is 204.7/198.5 = 1.03.

See also Calculation note 1.

Manual calculation 1
When the option Crossing diagonals is active, the element 17 is supported by the tension element nr.13. The buckling
length s
k
around the weak axis is given by :

l 5 . 0 s
l I
l I
1
l N 4
l Z 3
1
l s
k
3
1
3
1
1
k

=

In this case, we have

Z 151.6 kN
N 204.7 kN
l 3610 mm
l
1
3610 mm
I 1960000 mm
4

I
1
1960000 mm
4

This results in :

l 5 . 0 s
47 . 0 l
2
7 . 204 4
6 . 151 3
1
l s
k
k

=
=

strong axis weak axis
system length 3610 mm 3610 mm
buckling ratio 1.0 0.5
buckling length 3610 mm 1805 mm
slenderness 3610/37.23 = 96.9 1805/31.15 = 57.9
reduced slenderness 96.9/93.9 = 1.03 57.9/93.9 = 0.62
imperfection curve
for cold formed section
b b
reduction factor 0.58 0.83

In the element, a normal compressive force NSd = 204.7 kN is acting.
The capacity for the compressive force Nb,Rd is given by


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( )
kN 250
1 . 1
235 2020
0 . 1 58 . 0 Rd , Nb
f A
83 . 0 , 58 . 0 min Rd , Nb
1 M
y
A
=
=

The resulting unity check is 204.7/250 = 0.82.

See also Calculation note 2.

Calculation note 1

EC3 Code Check

Macro 11 Member 17 AC100/80/6 Fe 360 Loadcase 1 1.16

Basic data EC3
partial safety factor Gamma M0 for resistance of cross-sections 1.10
partial safety factor Gamma M1 for resistance to buckling 1.10
partial safety factor Gamma M2 for resistance of net sections 1.10

Material data
yield strength fy 235.00 MPa
tension strength fu 360.00 MPa
fabrication cold formed

SECTION CHECK
Width-to-thickness ratio for webs (Tab.5.3.1. a).
ratio 10.33 on position 0.00 m

ratio
maximum ratio 1 33.00

==> Class cross-section 1

Width-to-thickness ratio for internal flanges (Tab.5.3.1. b).

ratio


The critical check is on position 1.80 m

Internal forces
NSd -204.78 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd 0.60 kN
Mt.Sd -0.00 kNm
My.Sd 1.07 kNm
Mz.Sd 0.00 kNm

Only elastic check

Compression check
according to article 5.4.4. and formula (5.16)
Section classification is 3.


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Table of values
Nc.Rd 431.55 kN
unity check 0.47

Shear check (Vy)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 110.73 kN
unity check 0.00

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 138.42 kN
unity check 0.00

Combined bending, axial force and shear force check
according to article Part 1-3 5.7 and formula (5.11a,5.11b,5.11c)

Table of values
sigma N 101.38 MPa
sigma Myy 19.18 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.03 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau t -0.00 MPa

ro 0.00 place 8
unity check 0.56
Element satisfies the section check !

STABILITY CHECK

Buckling parameters yy zz
type non-sway non-sway
Slenderness 96.84 115.75
Reduced slenderness 1.03 1.23
Buckling curve b b
Imperfection 0.34 0.34
Reduction factor 0.58 0.46
Length 3.61 3.61 m
Buckling factor 1.00 1.00
Buckling length 3.61 3.61 m
Critical Euler load 446.43 312.50 kN

Buckling check

Table of values
Nb.Rd 198.86 kN
Beta A 1.00
unity check 1.03

Torsional-flexural buckling check
according to article ENV 1993-1-3 : 6.2.3 and formula (6.1) (6.4a-b)(6.5a-b)(6.6)

Table of values
Nb.Rd 198.86 kN
Beta A 1.00


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Table of values
Reduced slenderness 1.23
Reduction factor 0.46
sigma,cr,T 54735.22 MPa
sigma,cr,TF 154.70 MPa
Torsional buckling length 3.61 m
unity check 1.03

LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 11.96 kNm
Beta W 0.82
reduction 1.00
imperfection 0.49
Mcr 385.19 kNm

LTB
LTB length 3.61 m
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.35
C2 0.55
C3 1.73

load in center of gravity
unity check =0.09

Compression and bending check

Table of values
ky 1.50
kz 1.50
muy -1.44
muz -1.73
BetaMy 1.30
BetaMz 1.30

unity check = 1.03 + 0.13 + 0.00 = 1.16

Compression, bending and LTB check

Table of values
klt 0.92
kz 1.50
mult 0.09
muz -1.73
BetaMlt 1.30
BetaMz 1.30

unity check =1.03 + 0.08 + 0.00 = 1.11

Element does NOT satisfy the stability check !

Calculation note 2

EC3 Code Check

Macro 11 Member 17 AC100/80/6 Fe 360 Loadcase 1 0.96

Basic data EC3


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Material data

SECTION CHECK

ratio


Width-to-thickness ratio for internal flanges (Tab.5.3.1. b).

ratio



Internal forces
NSd -204.78 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd 0.60 kN
Mt.Sd -0.00 kNm
My.Sd 1.07 kNm
Mz.Sd 0.00 kNm

Only elastic check

Compression check

Table of values
Nc.Rd 431.55 kN
unity check 0.47

Shear check (Vy)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 110.73 kN
unity check 0.00

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 138.42 kN
unity check 0.00



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Table of values
sigma N 101.38 MPa
sigma Myy 19.18 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.03 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau t -0.00 MPa

ro 0.00 place 8
unity check 0.56

STABILITY CHECK

Buckling curve b b
Length 3.61 3.61 m

Remark : The buckling data around the weak axis are calculated
according to DIN 18800 T2 Tab.15 (case 1)

Table of values
Z 151.61 kN
L 3.61 m
L1 3.61 m
I 1.960000e+006 mm^4
I1 2.800000e+006 mm^4

Buckling check

Table of values
Nb.Rd 249.16 kN
Beta A 1.00
unity check 0.82


Table of values
Nb.Rd 249.16 kN
Beta A 1.00
unity check 0.82

LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 11.96 kNm
Beta W 0.82
reduction 1.00


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Table of values
imperfection 0.49
Mcr 385.19 kNm

LTB
LTB length 3.61 m
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.35
C2 0.55
C3 1.73

unity check =0.09


Table of values
ky 1.50
kz 1.45
muy -1.44
muz -0.86
BetaMy 1.30
BetaMz 1.30

unity check = 0.82 + 0.13 + 0.00 = 0.96


Table of values
klt 1.00
kz 1.45
mult -0.03
muz -0.86
BetaMlt 1.30
BetaMz 1.30

unity check =0.82 + 0.09 + 0.00 = 0.91

Element satisfies the stability check !


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1.3 PST.06.01 01 : EC 3 Steel Code Check Tutorial Frame

Description
The unity check according to EC3 of members 4, 7 and macro 18 of the Tutorial Frame project are calculated manually.
The result is compared with the result of ESA-Prima Win EC3 Steel code check.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

[1] Eurocode 3
Design of steel structures
ENV 1993-1-1:1992

[2] Essentials of Eurocode 3
Design manual for Steel Structures in Building
First edition 1991

[3] Construction Mtallique et mixte acier-bton Volume 1
APK
Edition Eyrolle

See the chapter "Manual calculation" for the detailed calculation according to this reference.

Result

Max. unity check Member
4
0.63 0.63 0 %
7
0.28 0.28 0 %
Max. unity check Macro
18
0.557 0.56 0 %


Version

PST060101.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)


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Author
CVL

Manual calculation - Member 4
Critical check : Load Combination : 7
Section : x = 2.22 m in member 4
Beam type : HEB160
Steel :
e
=235
2
mm
N

System length L : system length for member 4: L
y
=L
z
=5m

Sway modes : Y-Y non-sway Z-Z non-sway

The member is loaded through the shear centre. The effective length factors k and k
w
for LTB are taken as 1 (No end
fixity and no special provision for warping fixity).

Section Check

Classification of the section (Table 5.3.1 EC3)

a) Width-to-thickness ratio for webs

By using Art. 3.2.2.1 (1)table 3.1. of EC3, we can determine the yield strength f
y
:

Normal steel grade: Fe 360

Nominal thickness of the element t 40 mm

Nominal value of yield strength: f
y
=235 N/mm
2

1
f
235
y
=
|
|
\
|
= (Using Table 5.3.1. EC3)

The web of member is subjected to bending and compression in position x=0m. By using table 5.3.1.a of EC3, we
find:

( )
68
1 13
396
13
8
104
t
d
w
=

= = with 52 . 0
f t d
N
1
2
1
y w
Sd
=
|
|
\
|

+ = WEB is CLASS 1

b) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges

By using table 5.3.1.c of EC3, we find in position x=0m:

10 10 15 . 6
13
80
t
c
f
= = = FLANGES are CLASSE 1

The section HEB160 is a CLASS-1 section for the stability check, following the EC3 rules.

Normal stress and shear stress (Art. 5.4.3.and 5.4.6. EC3)

The member 4 is subjected to a normal force N
Sd
=-88700 N and a shear force V
Sd,y
=20 N V
Sd,z
=-2130N in the critical
section. According to EC3 we can verify:


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N 45 . 1160045
1 . 1
235 10 43 . 5
f A
N 8870 N
3
0 M
y
Rd , c Sd
=

=
= =

( )
2
f f y , v
mm 4598 t r 2 t 2 h A t d A A = = = (Using Art.5.4.6. (2).d EC3)

( )
2
f w f z , v
mm 1764 t r 2 t t b 2 A A = + + = (Using Art.5.4.6. (2).a EC3)

N 16 . 567131
3 1 . 1
235 4598
3
f A
V 20 V
0 M
y v
Rd , pl y , Sd
=
= =

N 07 . 217577
3 1 . 1
235 1764
3
f A
V 2130 V
0 M
y v
Rd , pl z , Sd
=
= =

Unity Check : 1 01 . 0
V
V
and 1 01 . 0
N
N
Rd Pl,
z & y Sd,
Rd , t
Sd
= = Section OK for tension and shear

Combined bending, axial force and shear force

By using Art.5.4.7. (1), 5.4.8.1. (4), 5.4.9. (2) and 5.4.5.2. (1) of EC3 and table 5.17 of Essentials of EC3, we
determined:

N
Sd
0.25N
t,Rd
: low level of axial loads (Essentially by using Table 5.17 of Essential of EC3)

V
Sd
0.5V
pl,Rd
: M
Nvy,Rd
=M
y,Rd
and M
NVz,Rd
=M
z,Rd
(Essentially by using Table 5.17 of Essential of EC3)

with Nmm 72 . 75627272
1 . 1
235 10 54 . 3
f W
M
5
0 M
y Rd , pl
Pl , y
y
=

=
= (Using Art. 5.4.5.2. (1) EC3)

Nmm 818 . 36318181
1 . 1
235 10 7 . 1
f W
M
5
0 M
y Rd , pl
Pl , z
z
=

=
= (Using Art. 5.4.5.2. (1) EC3)

We verify: 1 29 . 0
M
M
M
M
Rd , NV
Sd , z
Rd , NV
Sd , y
z y
=
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|

(Using Art.5.4.8.1.(11) formula 5.35 EC3)

with: =2 and =1 for I section (Using Art. 5.4.8.1. (11) EC3)
M
y,Sd
=40650000 Nmm
M
z,Sd
=--600000 Nmm

Stability Check: Check for bending, compression and LTB

Calculation of Reduction factor in buckling mode:
y
,
z
,

k
LT

Reduction factors in buckling mode: 733 . 0
1
2 2
y y
y
y
=
+
= (Using Art.5.5.1.2. Formula 5.46 EC3)
382 . 0
1
2 2
z z
z
z
=
+


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with:

1 = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. EC3)
9 . 93 9 . 93
f
E
y
1
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. EC3)
Slenderness: 836 . 73
A
I
L
i
L
y
y
y
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
571 . 123
A
I
L
i
L
z
z
z
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
Section 1 CLASS 1
A
= (Using Art.5.5.1.1. (1) EC3)

To determine the equivalent uniform moment factor
y,

z
and
MLT
, we use the figure 5.5.3. in EC3 of EC3and the
moment diagram of member 4 around y and z axis between the relevant braced point. Since de moment diagram is
parabolic around y axis and linear around z axis, we have:

Internal forces.
Selected members : 4
0
.
0
Member : 4
5
.
0
My /kNm/
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
40.7
-0.1

M,
=1.8 (=0)
M,Q
=1.3
M
Qmax
=27.7 kNm
M=40.5 kNm

( ) 46 . 1
M
M
, M Q , M
Q
, M MLT
=
+ =

46 . 1
MLT My
= =

8 . 1 7 . 0 8 . 1
Mz
= =


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Reduced Slenderness: 786 . 0
N
f A
A
1
y
cr
y A
y
=
=

= (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
315 . 1
N
f A
A
1
z
cr
y A
z
=
=

= (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
( ) 578 . 0
W
W W
4 2
y , el
y , el y , pl
My y y
=
|
|
\
|
+ = (Using Art.5.5.4. (1) EC3 for Class 1 section)
( ) 006 . 0
W
W W
4 2
z , el
z , el z , pl
Mz z z
=
|
|
\
|

14 . 0 15 . 0 15 . 0
MLT z LT
= = (Using Art.5.5.4. (2) EC3)

01 . 1
f A
N
1 k
y y
Sd y
y
=

= (Using Art.5.5.4. (1) EC3 for Class 1 section)

0 . 1
f A
N
1 k
y z
Sd z
z
=


0 . 1
f A
N
1 k
y z
Sd LT
LT
=

= (Using Art.5.5.4. (2) EC3)

Buckling Curve b around y axis and c around z axis (table 5.5.3. EC3)

By 5.5.1.2. (2) EC3, we find the imperfections factor: 49 . 0 34 . 0
z y
= =

( ) ( ) 908 . 0 2 . 0 1 5 . 0
2
y y y y
= + + = (Using Art. 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
( ) ( ) 637 . 1 2 . 0 1 5 . 0
2
z z z z
= + + = (Using Art. 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)

Calculation of Reduction factor in lateral-torsional buckling mode:
LT

Reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling: 89 . 0
1
2
LT
2
LT LT
LT
=
+
= (Art.5.5.2. (2) EC3)

with : ( ) ( ) 7213 . 0 2 . 0 1 5 . 0
2
LT LT LT LT
= + + = (Art.5.5.2. (2) EC3) In this expression:

Imperfection for lateral torsional buckling:
LT
=0.21 for rolled section (Art.5.5.2.(3) EC3)

245 . 56
t
h
i
L
20
1
1 C
i
L
9 . 0
25 . 0
2
f
z
1
z
LT
=
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
= (Annexe F.2. (6) Formula F.26)

where: 57 . 123
i
L
y
=


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3 . 12
t
h
f
= and 59 . 1 C
1
= (using Annexe F table F1.2. with k=1)

598 . 0
M
f W
w
1
5 . 0
cr
y y , pl w
LT
LT
=
=
|
|
\
|
= (Using Art.5.5.2.(5) EC3)

where:
w
=1 (CLASS_1 Section) (Using Art.5.5.2. (1) EC3)

Buckling Check

The design buckling resistance of member 47, using article 5.5.1.1. (1) Formula 5.45 of EC3, is:

N 36 . 443137
f A
N 8870 N
1 M
y A min
Rd , b Sd
=

= =
Unity Check: 1 02 . 0
N
N
Rd , b
Sd
= Section OK for buckling due to compression

Compression and bending

The design buckling resistance moment of member 47, using article 5.5.2. of EC3, is :

Nmm 72 . 67308272
f W
M
1 M
y y , pl w LT
Rd , b
=

=

with 1
w
= for class-1 section

M
M
Rd , b
Sd
= Section OK for lateral-torsional buckling

Combined Compression and bending

The internal forces for the ultimate combination 7 in the critical section x=2.22m of member 4 are:

N
Sd
=-8.87 kN V
y,Sd
=0.02 kN Vz
,Sd
=-2.13 kN M
y,Sd
=40.65 kNm M
z,Sd
=-0.06 kNm

We consider that V
y,Sd
0 precision to be neglected. Normally we should perform a check for bending and axial tension
according to article 5.5.3. of EC3 but the program doesnt take account for the beneficial effect of the tension forces.
Using article 5.5.4. and formula 5.52 of EC3, we must verify:

OK 1 56 . 0 0 . 0 54 . 0 02 . 0
1
f
W
M
k
f
W
M
k
f
A
N
1 M
y
z . pl
sd . z
z
1 M
y
y . pl
sd . y
y
1 M
y
min
sd
= + +

(Using Art.5.5.4. (1) EC3)

Combined Compression, bending and LTB


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We can perform exactly the same check than previously but considering lateral-torsional buckling as a potential failure
mode by using Art.5.5.4. (2) formula 5.52 of EC3:

OK 1 63 . 0 0 . 0 61 . 0 02 . 0
1
f
W
M
k
f
W
M
k
f
A
N
1 M
y
z . pl
sd . z
z
1 M
y
y . pl LT
sd . y
LT
1 M
y
z
sd
= + +

(Using Art.5.5.4. (2) EC3)

Section : x = 3 m
Beam type : IPE270
Steel :
e
=235
2
mm
N

Beam length : 6 m


w
for LTB. are taken as 1 (No end

Section check



By using Art. 3.2.2.1. (1) table 3.1. of EC3, we can determine the yield strength f
y
:

Normal steel grade: Fe 360


y
=235 N/mm
2

1
f
235
y
=
|
|
\
|
= (Using Table 5.3.1. EC3)

The web of member 7 is subjected both to bending and tension in section x=0.55 m. By using table 5.3.1.a of EC3,
we find:

( )
95 . 71
1 13
396
27 . 33
6 . 6
6 . 219
t
d
w
=

= = where 5 . 0
f t d
N
1
2
1
y w
Sd
=
|
|
\
|

+ = WEB is CLASSE 1

b) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges

By using table 5.3.1.c of EC3, we find for section x=0 m:

10 62 . 6
2 . 10
5 . 67
t
c
f
= = FLANGES are CLASSE 1

The IPE 270 section is a CLASS-1 section for the stability check.


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By using Art. 5.4.7. (1), 5.4.8. (4), 5.4.9. (2) and 5.4.5.2. (1) of EC3 and table 5.17 of Essentials of EC3, we determined
:

N
Sd
0.25N
t,Rd
: low level of axial load

V
Sd
0.5V
pl,Rd
: M
Nvy,Rd
=M
y,Rd
and M
NVz,Rd
=M
z,Rd
(essentially by using Table 5.17 of Essential of EC3)

with Nmm 103400000
1 . 1
235 10 84 . 4
f W
M
5
0 M
y Rd , pl
Pl , y
y
=

=
= (Using Art. 5.4.5.2. (1) EC3)

Nmm 27 . 20722727
1 . 1
235 10 7 . 9
f W
M
4
0 M
y Rd , pl
Pl , z
z
=

=
= (Using Art. 5.4.5.2. (1) EC3)

We verify: 1 02 . 0
M
M
M
M
Rd , NV
Sd , z
Rd , NV
Sd , y
z y
=
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|

(Using 5.4.8.1. (11) formula 5.35 EC3)

with: =2 and =1 for I section (Using Art. 5.4.8.1. (11) EC3)
M
y,Sd
=14338660Nmm
M
z,Sd
0

Stability Check: Check for bending, compression and L.T.B.

y
,
z
,

k
LT

Reduction factor in buckling mode: 902 . 0
1
2
y
2
y y
y
=
+
1903 . 0
1
2 2
z z
z
z
=
+
= (Using Art.5.5.1.2. Formula5.46 EC3)
with :

1 = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. EC3)
9 . 93 9 . 93
f
E
y
1
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. EC3)

Slenderness : 42 . 53
A
I
L
i
L
y
y
y
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)

35 . 198
A
I
L
i
L
z
z
z
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)

Section 1 CLASS 1
A
= (Using Art.5.5.1.1. (1) EC3)

To determine the equivalent uniform factors
y
,
z
and
MLT
, we use the figure 5.5.3. of EC3 and the moment
diagram of member 7 around y and z axis between the relevant braced point. Since the moment is have a parabolic
shape around y axis and is linear around z axis, we have:


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3 . 1
y
=
8 . 1
z
=
3 . 1
MLT
= (Figure 5.5.3.)

Reduced slenderness : 568 . 0
N
f A
A
1
y
cr
y A
y
=
=

= (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
11 . 2
N
f A
A
1
z
cr
y A
z
=
=

= (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)

Buckling Curve a around y axis and b around z axis (Table 5.5.3. EC3)

( ) 666 . 0
W
W W
4 2
y , el
y , el y , pl
My y y
=
|
|
\
|
( ) 126 . 0
W
W W
4 2
z , el
z , el z , pl
Mz z z
=
|
|
\
|

2614 . 0 15 . 0 15 . 0
MLT z LT
= = (Using Art.5.5.4. (1) EC3)

99 . 0
f A
N
1 k
y y
Sd y
y
=

99 . 0
f A
N
1 k
y z
Sd z
z
=

999 . 0
f A
N
1 k
y z
Sd LT
LT
=

= (Using Art.5.5.4. (2) EC3)

By using 5.5.1.2. (2) EC3, we find : 34 . 0 21 . 0
z y
= =

( ) ( ) 699 . 0 2 . 0 1 5 . 0
2
y y y y
= + + = (Using Art. 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)

( ) ( ) 05 . 3 2 . 0 1 5 . 0
2
z z z z
= + + = (Using Art. 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)

LT

Reduction factor for lateral-torsional buckling: 48 . 0
1
2
LT
2
LT LT
LT
=
+
= (Art.5.5.2. (2) EC3)

with: ( ) ( ) 431 . 1 2 . 0 1 5 . 0
2
LT LT LT LT
= + + = (Art.5.5.2. (2) EC3) In this expression:

Imperfection for lateral-torsional buckling:
LT
=0.21 for rolled section (Art.5.5.2. (3) EC3)

163 . 120
t
h
i
L
20
1
1 C
i
L
9 . 0
25 . 0
2
f
z
1
z
LT
=
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
= (Annexe F.2. (6) Formula F.26)


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where: 35 . 198
i
L
y
=
5 . 26
t
h
f
= and 132 . 1 C
1
= (using Annexe F table F1.2. with k=1)
279 . 1
M
f W
w
1
5 . 0
cr
y y , pl w
LT
LT
=
=
|
|
\
|
= (Using Art.5.5.2.(5) EC3)
where:
w
=1 (CLASS_1 Section) (Using Art.5.5.2. (1) EC3)

Buckling

To improve the security of the stability check, we consider that N
Sd
=0 since the element is in tension and not in
compression. The first term of is thus equal to 0.

Compression and bending

The design buckling resistance moment of member 47, using article 5.5.2. of EC3, is:

Nmm 49632000
f W
M
1 M
y y , pl w LT
Rd , b
=

=

with 1
w
= for class-1 section

M
M
Rd , b
Sd
= Section OK for lateral-torsional buckling


The internal forces for the ultimate combination 4 in the critical section x=3 m are:

N
Sd
=199.38N V
z,Sd
=2250.05N M
y,Sd
=14338660Nmm

We consider that V
y,Sd
and M
z,Sd
approach the 0 precision to be neglected. Normally we should perform a check for
bending and axial tension according to article 5.5.3. of EC3 but the program doesnt take account for the beneficial
effect of the tension forces. Using article 5.5.4. and formula 5.52 of EC3, we must verify:

OK 1 137 . 0 0 . 0 137 . 0 0 . 0
1
f
W
M
k
f
W
M
k
f
A
N
1 M
y
z . pl
sd . z
z
1 M
y
y . pl
sd . y
y
1 M
y
min
sd
= + +

(Using Art.5.5.4. (1) EC3)

Combined Compression, bending and LTB

mode by using Art.5.5.4. (2) formula 5.52 of EC3:


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OK 1 286 . 0 0 . 0 286 . 0 0 . 0
1
f
W
M
k
f
W
M
k
f
A
N
1 M
y
z . pl
sd . z
z
1 M
y
y . pl LT
sd . y
LT
1 M
y
z
sd
= + +

(Using Art.5.5.4. (2) EC3)

Manual calculation - Macro 18
Section : x = 0 m in member 47
Beam type : T120/120/13
Steel :
e
=235
2
mm
N

System length L : macro 18 is made of member 41 to 52

System length for member 41 to 52:

L
y
=1 m(member length)
L
z
=6 m(Lateral restraint by middle-rafter)
L
LTB
=6 m(Lateral restraint by middle-rafter)

Sway modes: Y-Y non-sway Z-Z non-sway

The macro is loaded through the shear centre. The effective length factors k and k
w
for LTB are taken as 1 (No end

Section check


Since EC3 Table 5.3.1 gives no formulas for T-section, we have to classify the T-section as a Class-3 section. This
simplification is also done is the program.

Normal stress and shear stress (Art. 5.4.3.and 5.4.6. EC3)

The member 47, the critical member of macro 18, is subjected to a normal force N
Sd
=-38333N and shear forces V
Sd,y
=-
1.39N (can be neglected) V
Sd,z
=-461.01N in the critical section. According to EC3 we can verify:
N 63 . 632363
1 . 1
235 10 96 . 2
f A
N 38333 N
3
0 M
y
Rd , c Sd
=

=
= =

098 . 192415
3 1 . 1
235 13 120
3
f A
V 0 V
0 M
y v
Rd , pl y , Sd
=
=

( )
N 12 . 171570 13
3 1 . 1
235 13 13 120
3
f A
V 01 . 461 V
0 M
y v
Rd , pl z , Sd
=
= =
V
V
and 1 0604 . 0
N
N
Rd Pl,
z & y Sd,
Rd , t
Sd
= Section OK for tension and shear



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34
By using EC3 Part 1-3 Art. 5.7. we can verify that the Von Mises criteria is respected. To simplify the checking, well
consider only stress due to compression and due to bending:

63 . 213
f
238 . 26 28 . 13 95 . 12
65 . 85
10 66 . 3
27 . 569800
10 96 . 2
72 . 38265
v
I
M
A
N
0 M
y
6 3
max
y
y
Sd
M N
y
=
= + =
= + = +

Stability Check : Check for bending, compression and L.T.B.

y
,
z
,

k
LT

To calculate the first and the second term, we have:

Reduction factors in buckling mode: 948 . 0
1
2 2
y y
y
y
=
+
123 . 0
1
2 2
z z
z
z
=
+
with:

1 = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. EC3)
9 . 93 9 . 93
f
E
y
1
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. EC3)
A
I
L
i
L
y
y
y
y
= = = (Using Article 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
673 . 244
A
I
L
i
L
z
z
z
z
= = = (Using Article 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)

Section 3 CLASS 1
A
= (Using Article 5.5.1.1. (1) EC3)

To determine the equivalent uniform moment factors
y
z
and
ML
, we use the figure 5.5.3. of EC3 and the moment
diagram of member 47 around y and z axis between the relevant braced point. Since the moment diagram is linear,
we have:

4 . 1
8 . 1
M
M
7 . 0 8 . 1 7 . 0 8 . 1
859 . 1
3 . 569800
6 . 48055
7 . 0 8 . 1
, M
, M
7 . 0 8 . 1 7 . 0 8 . 1
MLT
47 BeginMem
, z
47 EndMem
, z
Mz
47 BeginMem y
47 EndMem y
My
=
=
|
|
\
|
= =
= |
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
= =

Reduce Slenderness: 302 . 0
N
f A
A
1
y
cr
y A
y
=
=

= (Using Art. 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
605 . 2
N
f A
A
1
z
cr
y A
z
=
=

= (Using Art. 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)


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35
( ) 0851 . 0 4 2
My y y
= = (Using Art. 5.5.4. (3) EC3 for Class 3 section)

( ) 042 . 1 4 2
Mz z z
= = (Using Art 5.5.4. (3) EC3 for Class 3 section)

397 . 0 15 . 0 15 . 0
MLT z LT
= = (Using Art 5.5.4. (2) EC3 for Class 3 section)

004 . 1
f A
N
1 k
y y
Sd y
y
=

= (Using Art. 5.5.4. (1&3) EC3 for Class 3 section)
466 . 1
f A
N
1 k
y z
Sd z
z
=

= (Using Art. 5.5.4. (1&3) EC3 for Class 3 section)
822 . 0
f A
N
1 k
y z
Sd LT
LT
=

= (Using Art. 5.5.4. (2) EC3 for Class 3 section)

Buckling Curve c (table 5.5.3. EC3)

By Article 5.5.1.2. (2) Table 5.5.1. of EC3, we find the imperfections factor: 49 . 0 =

( ) ( ) 57 . 0 2 . 0 1 5 . 0
2
y y y
= + + = (Using Art. 5.5.1.2.(1) EC3)

( ) ( ) 482 . 4 2 . 0 1 5 . 0
2
z z z
= + + = (Using Art. 5.5.1.2.(1) EC3)

LT

Reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling: 923 . 0
1
2
LT
2
LT LT
LT
=
+
= (Art.5.5.2.(2) EC3)

with : ( ) ( ) 658 . 0 2 . 0 1 5 . 0
2
LT LT LT LT
= + + = (Art. 5.5.2. (2) EC3) In this expression:

Imperfection for lateraltorsional buckling:
LT
=0.21 for rolled section (Art. 5.5.2.(3) EC3)

88 . 1 C
1
= (using Annexe F1.2. (6) with k=1 and Table F1.1.)

I
w
=0 for T section

Nmm 49 . 38919458
I E
I G L
I
I
L
I E
M
5 . 0
z
2
t
2
LTB
z
w
2
LTB
z
2
cr
=
|
|
\
|

+

= (Using Annexe F F1.1.(1) Formula F.1 EC3)
5035 . 0
M
f W
5 . 0
cr
y y , pl w
LT
=
|
|
\
|
= (Using Art.5.5.2.(5) EC3)

where:
w
= 443 . 0
W
W
y , pl
y , el
= (CLASS_3 Section) (Art. 5.5.2. (1) EC3)

Buckling Check

The design buckling resistance of member 47, using article 5.5.1.1. of EC3, is:


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36
N 727 . 77780
f A
N 72 . 38265 N
1 M
y A min
Rd , b Sd
=

= =

N
N
Rd , b
Sd
= Section OK for buckling due to compression

Lateral torsional buckling check

The design buckling resistance moment of member 47, using article 5.5.2. of EC3, is:

Nmm 811 . 8282571
f W
M
1 M
y y , pl w LT
Rd , b
=

=

with 443 . 0
W
W
y , pl
y , el
w
= = for class-3 section

M
M
Rd , b
Sd
= Section OK for lateral torsional buckling


The internal forces for the ultimate combination 6 in the critical section x=0 m of member 47 are:

N
Sd
=-38265.72N V
y,Sd
=-1.39 Vz
,Sd
=-461.01N M
y,Sd
=569800.27Nmm M
z,Sd
=-9409.25Nmm

Normally we should perform a check for bending and axial tension according to article 5.5.3. of EC3 but the program
doesnt take account for the beneficial effect of the tension forces. To perform the combined compression and bending
check, we must verify:

OK 1 0.557 0.0021 0.063 4919 . 0
1
f
W
M
k
f
W
M
k
f
A
N
1 M
y
z . el
sd . z
z
1 M
y
y . el
sd . y
y
1 M
y
min
sd
= + +

(Using Art. 5.5.4. (3) EC3)

Combined compression, bending and LTB

mode by using Art. 5.5.4. (4) formula 5.54:

OK 1 0.55 0.0021 0.056 4919 . 0
1
f
W
M
k
f
W
M
k
f
A
N
1 M
y
z . el
sd . z
z
1 M
y
y . el LT
sd . y
LT
1 M
y
z
sd
= + +

(Using Art. 5.5.4. (4) EC3)


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37
Calculation note - Member 4

EC3 Code Check

Macro 2 Member 4 HEB160 S 235 Ult. comb 7 0.63

Basic data EC3

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio


Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges (Tab.5.3.1. c).

ratio



Internal forces
NSd -8.87 kN
Vy.Sd 0.02 kN
Vz.Sd -2.13 kN
Mt.Sd -0.00 kNm
My.Sd 40.65 kNm
Mz.Sd -0.06 kNm

Compression check

Table of values
Nc.Rd 1160.05 kN
unity check 0.01

Shear check (Vy)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 567.13 kN
unity check 0.00


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Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 217.58 kN
unity check 0.01


Table of values
MNVy.Rd 75.63 kNm
MNVz.Rd 36.32 kNm

alfa 2.00 beta 1.00
unity check 0.29

STABILITY CHECK

type sway non-sway
Buckling curve b c
Length 5.00 5.00 m

Buckling check

Table of values
Nb.Rd 443.38 kN
Beta A 1.00
unity check 0.02


Table of values
Nb.Rd 486.45 kN
Beta A 1.00
unity check 0.02

LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 66.72 kNm
Beta W 1.00
reduction 0.88
imperfection 0.21
Mcr 216.35 kNm


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39

LTB
LTB length 5.00 m
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.47
C2 0.25
C3 2.64

unity check =0.61


Table of values
ky 1.01
kz 1.00
muy -0.71
muz 0.01
BetaMy 1.46
BetaMz 1.80

unity check = 0.02 + 0.54 + 0.00 = 0.56


Table of values
klt 1.00
kz 1.00
mult 0.14
muz 0.01
BetaMlt 1.46
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.02 + 0.61 + 0.00 = 0.63



Macro 4 Member 7 IPE270 S 235 Ult. comb 5 0.28

Basic data EC3

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio




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40

ratio



Internal forces
NSd 0.20 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd 2.25 kN
Mt.Sd 0.00 kNm
My.Sd 14.34 kNm
Mz.Sd -0.00 kNm

Normal force check

Table of values
Nt.Rd 980.59 kN
unity check 0.00

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 272.50 kN
unity check 0.01


Table of values
MNVy.Rd 103.40 kNm
MNVz.Rd 20.72 kNm

alfa 2.00 beta 1.00
unity check 0.02

STABILITY CHECK

type sway non-sway
Buckling curve a b
Length 6.00 6.00 m

LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 51.47 kNm


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41
Table of values
Beta W 1.00
reduction 0.50
imperfection 0.21
Mcr 72.51 kNm

LTB
LTB length 6.00 m
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.13
C2 0.45
C3 0.53

unity check =0.28


Table of values
ky 1.00
kz 1.00
muy -0.67
muz -0.29
BetaMy 1.30
BetaMz 1.80

unity check = 0.00 + 0.14 + 0.00 = 0.14


Table of values
klt 1.00
kz 1.00
mult 0.26
muz -0.29
BetaMlt 1.30
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.00 + 0.28 + 0.00 = 0.28


Calculation note - Macro 18

EC3 Code Check

Macro 18 Member 47 T120/120/13 S 235 Ult. comb 6 0.56

Basic data EC3

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK


SCIA Software

42
ratio



Internal forces
NSd -38.33 kN
Vy.Sd -0.00 kN
Vz.Sd -0.46 kN
Mt.Sd -0.00 kNm
My.Sd 0.57 kNm
Mz.Sd 0.01 kNm

Compression check

Table of values
Nc.Rd 632.36 kN
unity check 0.06

Shear check (Vy)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 192.42 kN
unity check 0.00

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 171.57 kN
unity check 0.00


Table of values
sigma N 12.95 MPa
sigma Myy 13.28 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.02 MPa
Tau z -0.00 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau t 0.00 MPa

ro 0.00 place 10
unity check 0.12

STABILITY CHECK

Buckling curve c c


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Length 1.00 6.00 m

Buckling check

Table of values
Nb.Rd 77.77 kN
Beta A 1.00
unity check 0.49


Table of values
Nb.Rd 81.43 kN
Beta A 1.00
unity check 0.47

LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 8.28 kNm
Beta W 1.00
reduction 0.92
imperfection 0.21
Mcr 38.92 kNm

LTB
LTB length 6.00 m
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.88
C2 0.00
C3 0.94

unity check =0.07


Table of values
ky 1.01
kz 1.49
muy -0.09
muz -1.10
BetaMy 1.86
BetaMz 1.79

unity check = 0.49 + 0.06 + 0.00 = 0.56


Table of values


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44
Table of values
klt 0.82
kz 1.49
mult 0.40
muz -1.10
BetaMlt 1.40
BetaMz 1.79

unity check =0.49 + 0.06 + 0.00 = 0.55



SCIA Software

45

1.4 PST.06.01 02 : EC 3 Steel Code Check Warping check

Description
The elastic stresses, inclusive the warping check, is compared with literature results.

Project data
See input files.

Reference

[1] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992

[2] ENV 1993-1-3:1996
Eurocode 3 : Design of steel structures
Part 1-3 : General rules Supplementary rules for cold formed thin gauge members and sheeting
CEN 1996

[3] Schneider
Bautabellen mit Berechnungshinweisen und Beispielen
7. Auflage
Werner-Verlag, 1986

Result

Ref.[3], pp.8.14 EPW % Diff.
Mx = 1500 kNcm Mxs = 15 kNm 0 %
Mwa = -1.32 105 kNcm Mw = 13.20 kNm 0.08 %
T
= 10.4 kN/cm sigma warping = -104.12 N/mm 0.12 %
max =120 N/mm composed stress = -119.81 N/mm 0.16 %


Version

PST060102.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
CVL


SCIA Software

46

Calculation note

EC3 Code Check

Macro 1 Member 1 HEM280 Fe 360 Loadcase 1 0.51

Basic data EC3

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio



ratio



Internal forces
NSd 0.00 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd 20.00 kN
Mt.Sd -15.00 kNm
My.Sd -40.00 kNm
Mz.Sd 0.00 kNm

Warning : The unity check for pure torsion is 0.49 for Loadcase 1.

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 975.04 kN
unity check 0.02

Stress check (incl. warping and torsional moment)
according to article ENV 1993-1-3 : 5.7
Warping fixed at begin beam. 1
Warping free at end beam 1


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47
x(m) Mxp(kNm) Mxs(kNm) Mw(kNm2)
0.00 0.00 15.00 -13.20
0.20 2.91 12.09 -10.50
0.40 5.22 9.78 -8.32
0.60 7.04 7.96 -6.55
0.80 8.48 6.52 -5.11
1.00 9.58 5.42 -3.92
1.20 10.43 4.57 -2.93
1.40 11.04 3.96 -2.08
1.60 11.46 3.54 -1.33
1.80 11.70 3.30 -0.65
2.00 11.78 3.22 0.00

Table of values
Mxp (St.Venant Torque) 0.00 kNm
Mxs (warping torque) 15.00 kNm
Mw (bimoment) -13.20 kNm2
unity check 0.51

Direct stress check (5.11a)
sigma N 0.00 MPa
sigma Myy -15.69 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.00 MPa
sigma Warping -104.12 MPa
total stress -119.81 MPa
unity check 0.51

Shear stress check (5.11b)
Tau y 0.00 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau t 0.00 MPa
tau Warping 8.52 MPa
total stress 8.52 MPa
unity check 0.06

Composed stress check (5.11c)
sigma N 0.00 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.00 MPa
Tau y 0.00 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau t 0.00 MPa
Composed stress 119.81 MPa
unity check 0.46


STABILITY CHECK

type non-sway sway
Buckling curve b c
Length 2.00 2.00 m


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48

LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 632.36 kNm
Beta W 1.00
reduction 1.00
imperfection 0.21
Mcr 21788.32 kNm

LTB
LTB length 2.00 m
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.88
C2 0.00
C3 0.94

unity check =0.06


Table of values
ky 1.00
kz 1.00
muy 0.11
muz 0.30
BetaMy 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check = 0.00 + 0.06 + 0.00 = 0.06


Table of values
klt 1.00
kz 1.00
mult 0.01
muz 0.30
BetaMlt 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.00 + 0.06 + 0.00 = 0.06



SCIA Software

49

Description

Project data
See input files.

Reference

[1] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992

[2] ENV 1993-1-3:1996
CEN 1996

[3] Dietrich von Berg
Krane und Kranbahnen Berechnung Konstruktion Ausfhrung
B.G. Teubner, Stuttgart 1988

Result

Ref.[3], pp.130 EPW % Diff.
Mxw = 500 kNcm Mxs = 5 kNm 0 %
Mw = 6.17 kNm Mw = 6.19 kNm 0.32 %
w
xx
= 12.9 kN/cm sigma warping = 129.05 N/mm 0.04 %
S
=0.68 kN/cm tau warping = 6.78 N/mm 0.29 %


Version

PST060103.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
CVL

Calculation note


SCIA Software

50

EC3 Code Check

Macro 1 Member 1 HEB260 Fe 360 Loadcase 1 0.55

Basic data EC3

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK


Internal forces
NSd 0.00 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd 0.00 kN
Mt.Sd -5.00 kNm
My.Sd 0.00 kNm
Mz.Sd 0.00 kNm


Warping free at begin beam 1

x(m) Mxp(kNm) Mxs(kNm) Mw(kNm2)
0.00 4.09 0.91 0.00
0.60 3.98 1.02 0.57
1.20 3.64 1.36 1.27
1.80 2.98 2.02 2.27
2.40 1.85 3.15 3.79
3.00 0.00 5.00 6.19
3.00 -0.00 -5.00 6.19
3.60 -1.85 -3.15 3.79
4.20 -2.98 -2.02 2.27
4.80 -3.64 -1.36 1.27
5.40 -3.98 -1.02 0.57
6.00 -4.09 -0.91 0.00

Table of values
Mxp (St.Venant Torque) 0.00 kNm
Mxs (warping torque) 5.00 kNm
Mw (bimoment) 6.19 kNm2
unity check 0.55

sigma N 0.00 MPa
sigma Myy 0.00 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.00 MPa


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unity check 0.55

Tau y 0.00 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau t 0.00 MPa
unity check 0.05

sigma N 0.00 MPa
sigma Myy 0.00 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.00 MPa
Tau y 0.00 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau t 0.00 MPa
unity check 0.50



SCIA Software

52

Description

Project data
See input files.

Reference

[1] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992

[2] ENV 1993-1-3:1996
CEN 1996

[3] Kaltprofile
3. Auflage
Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dsseldorf 1982

Result

Mw
T
= 128.7 kNcm Mw =130.34 kNcm 1.27 %
B
= 4.40 kN/cm sigma Myy = 48.32 N/mm 9.81 %
w = 4.24 kN/cm sigma warping = 42.91 N/mm 1.20 %
= 8.64 kN/cm total stress = 91.23 N/mm 5.59 %


Version

PST060104.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
CVL


SCIA Software

53
Calculation note

EC3 Code Check

Macro 1 Member 1 CC100/40/3 Fe 360 Loadcase 1 0.43

Basic data EC3

Material data

SECTION CHECK
ratio 32.33 on position 18.00 cm

ratio



ratio


The critical check is on position 90.00 cm

Internal forces
NSd 0.00 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd -0.00 kN
Mt.Sd -0.00 kNcm
My.Sd 81.00 kNcm
Mz.Sd 0.00 kNcm


Warping free at begin beam 1

x(cm) Mxp(kNcm) Mxs(kNcm) Mw(kNcm2)
0.00 -2.03 -3.37 0.00
18.00 -1.90 -2.42 -51.74
36.00 -1.58 -1.66 -88.14
54.00 -1.13 -1.03 -112.20
72.00 -0.58 -0.50 -125.89
90.00 -0.00 0.00 -130.34
108.00 0.58 0.50 -125.89
126.00 1.13 1.03 -112.20


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144.00 1.58 1.66 -88.14
162.00 1.90 2.42 -51.74
180.00 2.03 3.37 0.00

Table of values
Mxp (St.Venant Torque) -0.00 kNcm
Mxs (warping torque) 0.00 kNcm
Mw (bimoment) -130.34 kNcm2
unity check 0.43

sigma N 0.00 MPa
sigma Myy 48.32 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.00 MPa
sigma Warping 42.91 MPa
unity check 0.43

Tau y 0.00 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau t 0.00 MPa
unity check 0.00

sigma N 0.00 MPa
sigma Myy 48.32 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.00 MPa
sigma Warping 42.91 MPa
Tau y 0.00 MPa
Tau z 0.00 MPa
Tau t 0.00 MPa
unity check 0.39


STABILITY CHECK

type non-sway sway
Buckling curve b b
Length 180.00 180.00 cm
Buckling length 180.00 180.00 cm

LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 232.11 kNcm


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Table of values
Beta W 1.00
reduction 0.67
imperfection 0.34
Mcr 481.80 kNcm

LTB
LTB length 180.00 cm
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.13
C2 0.45
C3 0.53

unity check =0.35


Table of values
ky 1.00
kz 1.00
muy -0.70
muz -0.54
BetaMy 1.30
BetaMz 1.80

unity check = 0.00 + 0.23 + 0.00 = 0.23


Table of values
klt 1.00
kz 1.00
mult 0.11
muz -0.54
BetaMlt 1.30
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.00 + 0.35 + 0.00 = 0.35



SCIA Software

56

Description

Project data
See input files.

Reference

[1] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992

[2] ENV 1993-1-3:1996
CEN 1996

[3] Stahl im Hochbau
14. Auglage Band I/ Teil 2
Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dsseldorf 1986

Comparison

Mxs = 14.5 kNcm Mxs =14.48 kNcm 0 %
x = 9.26 kN/cm sigma Myy = -92.59 N/mm 0 %
x = 3.03 kN/cm sigma warping = -26.94 N/mm 11.08 %
v = 12.30 kN/cm composed stress = 120.11 N/mm 2.35 %


Version

PST060105.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
CVL

Calculation note


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EC3 Code Check

Macro 1 Member 1 UNP140 Fe 360 Loadcase 1 0.51

Basic data EC3

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio



ratio



Internal forces
NSd 0.00 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd 4.00 kN
Mt.Sd 14.48 kNcm
My.Sd -800.00 kNcm
Mz.Sd 0.00 kNcm


Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 138.28 kN
unity check 0.03

Warping fixed at begin beam. 1



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0.00 0.00 -14.48 448.86
20.00 -6.88 -7.60 235.46
40.00 -10.50 -3.98 123.51
60.00 -12.39 -2.09 64.78
80.00 -13.38 -1.10 33.97
100.00 -13.90 -0.58 17.80
120.00 -14.18 -0.30 9.30
140.00 -14.32 -0.16 4.80
160.00 -14.39 -0.09 2.38
180.00 -14.42 -0.06 0.98
200.00 -14.43 -0.05 0.00
200.00 -14.43 -0.05 0.00

Table of values
Mxp (St.Venant Torque) 0.00 kNcm
Mxs (warping torque) -14.48 kNcm
Mw (bimoment) 448.86 kNcm2
unity check 0.51

sigma N 0.00 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.00 MPa
unity check 0.51

Tau y 0.00 MPa
Tau z 3.68 MPa
Tau t 0.00 MPa
unity check 0.05

sigma N 0.00 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.00 MPa
Tau y 0.00 MPa
Tau z 3.68 MPa
Tau t 0.00 MPa
unity check 0.46


STABILITY CHECK

type non-sway sway
Buckling curve c c
Length 200.00 200.00 cm


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LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 1574.87 kNcm
Beta W 1.00
reduction 0.85
imperfection 0.21
Mcr 4287.03 kNcm

LTB
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.88
C2 0.00
C3 0.94

unity check =0.51


Table of values
ky 1.00
kz 1.00
muy -0.11
muz -0.99
BetaMy 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check = 0.00 + 0.43 + 0.00 = 0.43


Table of values
klt 1.00
kz 1.00
mult 0.52
muz -0.99
BetaMlt 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.00 + 0.51 + 0.00 = 0.51



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1.8 PST.06.01 06 : EC 3 Steel Code Check Torsional buckling check and Shear buckling
check for cold formed sections

Description
The torsional buckling check and the shear buckling check are manually calculated, according to the regulations given
in Ref.[2].

Project data
See input files.

Reference

[1] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992

[2] ENV 1993-1-3:1996
CEN 1996

See the chapter "Manual calculation" for a detailed calculation according to this reference.

Result

Unity check LC 1 0.36 0.36 0 %
Unity check LC 2 0.144 0.14 0 %

Version

PST060106.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
CVL

Manual calculation - 1

The section CC120/40/3 is checked. The following properties are used :

A
g
620 mm


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i
y
45.0 mm
i
z
14.0 mm
y
0
28.3 mm
i
0
55.0 mm
E 210000 N/mm
G 80769 N/mm
I
t
1962 mm
4

C
m
3.98 10
8
mm
6

l
T
2000 mm
l
y
1470 mm
s
w
117 mm
t 3 mm

This section is checked with the following geometry :

The section is classified in section class 3.

For load case 1, the torsional buckling and torsional flexural buckling is checked (See Ref.[2], part 6.2.3) :


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( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) [ ]
116 . 1 0 . 1
188
235
f
mm
N
188 ) , min(
mm
N
188 194 1942 735 . 0 4 194 1942 194 1942
735 . 0 2
1
4
2
1
735 . 0
0 . 55
3 . 28
1
i
y
1
mm
N
1942
45
1470
210000
i
l
E
mm
N
194
2000
e 98 . 3 210000
1962 80769
3032 620
1
l
EC
GI
i A
1
mm 3032 y i i i
A
cr
yb
TF , cr T , cr cr
TF , cr
T , cr y , cr T , cr y , cr T , cr y , cr TF , cr
0
0
y
y
y , cr
T , cr
2
8
2
T
m
t
2
0 g
T , cr
2
0
2
z
2
y
2
0
= =
=
= =
= + +
=
+ +
=
=
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
=
|
\
|

=
|
|
\
|
=
=
|
|
\
|

+
=
|
|
\
|
+ =
= + + =

With the reduced slenderness and the buckling curve b, the reduction factor =0.53 is found.

This results in the design buckling resistance Nb,Rd

kN 2 . 70
1 . 1
620 235 1 53 . 0
A f
Rd , Nb
1 M
g y A
=

=

=

The unity check is 25/70.2 =0.36.

See also calculation note 1.

Manual calculation - 2
For load case 2, the shear buckling is checked according to Ref.[2] part 5.8.

The relative web slenderness is

451 . 0
210000
235
3
117
346 . 0
E
f
t
s
346 . 0
yb
w
w
_
= = =


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The shear buckling strength f
bv
, is given by

mm
N
249
451 . 0
235
48 . 0
f
48 . 0 f
w
_
yb
bv
= =
=

The shear buckling resistance V
b,Rd
is given by

kN 73 . 79
1 . 1
249 3 117 f t s
V
1 M
bv w
Rd , b
=

=

=

The plastic shear resistance V
pl,Rd
is given by

kN 29 . 43
3 1 . 1
235 3 117
3
f t s
V
0 M
y w
Rd , pl
=

=

=

The unity check is 6.24/43.29=0.144.

See also calculation note 2.

Calculation note 1

EC3 Code Check

Macro 1 Member 1 CC120/40/3 S 235 Loadcase 1 0.36

Basic data EC3

Material data

SECTION CHECK

ratio



ratio




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Internal forces
NSd -25.00 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd 0.00 kN
Mt.Sd 0.00 kNcm
My.Sd 0.00 kNcm
Mz.Sd 0.00 kNcm

Compression check

Table of values
Nc.Rd 132.45 kN
unity check 0.19


Table of values
sigma N 40.32 MPa
sigma Myy 0.00 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.00 MPa

ro 0.00 place 15
unity check 0.19

STABILITY CHECK

Buckling curve b b
Length 200.00 200.00 cm

Buckling check

Table of values
Nb.Rd 69.87 kN
Beta A 1.00
unity check 0.36


Table of values
Nb.Rd 69.64 kN
Beta A 1.00
Torsional buckling length 200.00 cm
unity check 0.36


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Table of values
ky 1.03
kz 1.14
muy -0.14
muz -0.45
BetaMy 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check = 0.36 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 0.36


Table of values
klt 0.95
kz 1.14
mult 0.15
muz -0.45
BetaMlt 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.36 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 0.36


Calculation note 2

EC3 Code Check

Macro 1 Member 1 CC120/40/3 S 235 Loadcase 2 0.94

Basic data EC3

Material data

SECTION CHECK

ratio



ratio



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Internal forces
NSd 0.00 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd -6.24 kN
Mt.Sd 0.00 kNcm
My.Sd -247.80 kNcm
Mz.Sd 0.00 kNcm

Shear check (Vz)
according to article ENV 1993-1-3 : 5.8 and formula (5.13) (5.14)

Table of values
VRd (Sum min(Vpl,Rd,Vb,Rd)) 43.29 kN
unity check 0.14


Table of values
sigma N 0.00 MPa
sigma Myy 115.05 MPa
sigma Mzz 0.00 MPa

ro 0.00 place 13
unity check 0.54

STABILITY CHECK

Buckling curve b b
Length 200.00 200.00 cm

LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 263.94 kNcm
Beta W 1.00
reduction 0.59
imperfection 0.34
Mcr 480.20 kNcm

LTB
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.58
C2 0.66
C3 2.64


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unity check =0.94


Table of values
ky 1.00
kz 1.00
muy -0.36
muz -0.45
BetaMy 1.48
BetaMz 1.80

unity check = 0.00 + 0.55 + 0.00 = 0.55


Table of values
klt 1.00
kz 1.00
mult 0.10
muz -0.45
BetaMlt 1.48
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.00 + 0.94 + 0.00 = 0.94



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1.9 PST.06.01 07 : Example Code Check and Connections according to EC3 : Design of an
industrial type building

Description

The example is based on the illustration given in Ref.[1] :

Chapter 12 :
Worked Example 3
Design of an industrial type building

The example is calculated using EPW release 3.1. The results from EPW are printed in italics.
The member design is based on ref.[2]. The connection design is based on ref.[3].
The following possibilities of EPW are illustrated :

the use of haunched sections in the analysis model
the automatic generation of SLS and ULS combinations according to EC3
the stability analysis for the determination of the elastic critical load ratio
the implementation of the global frame imperfection
the member design for class 4 sections
the calculation of the moment capacity for the connections based on the component method
the check of the required stiffness for the beam connections

Reference

[1] Frame design including joint behaviour
Volume 1
ECSC Contracts n 7210-SA/212 and 7210-SA/320
January 1997

[2] ENV 1993-1-1:1992
Eurocode 3
Design of steel structures Part 1-1
General rules and rules for buildings

[3] Eurocode 3 : Part 1.1.
Revised annex J : Joints in building frames,
ENV 1993-1-1/pr A2


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Version

PST060107.epw

Author
CVL

Contents

1. Frame geometry

2. Design assumptions

3. Loadings

3.1. Basic loadings
3.2. Load combinations

4. Analysis

4.1. Linear elastic analysis
4.2. Stability calculation
4.3. Elastic analysis with local non-linearties

5. Member check

5.1. SLS check
5.2. ULS check
5.2.1. Column check
5.2.2. Beam check

6. Connection design

6.1. Bolted beam-to-column connection
6.2. Bolted plate-to-plate connection
6.3. Base plate connection


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Worked example

1. Frame geometry

A two bay pinned-base pitched portal frame (with haunches) for an industrial building is considered. The dimensions of
the building are the following :

width (centrellines) 2 x 23.5 m
height 10 m
length 60.5 m

The portal frames, which are at 6 m intervals, have 8 m high columns and have rafters sloped at 7.7 with a centreline
ridge height of 9.5 m above ground level. Haunches are used for the joints of the rafters to the columns.

Hot-rolled standard sections are used for the members : IPE550 for the columns, IPE400 for the roof beams. For the
steel elements (members, haunches, endplates, stiffeners) the steel S275 is used.

Material

Name
S 275
Ultimate strength 430.00 MPa
Yield design 275.00 MPa
E modulus 210000.00 MPa
Poisson coeff. 0.30
Specific weight 7850.00 kg/m^3
Extensibility 0.012 mm/m.K

List of material
Group of members :
1/7

num. Name unit weight
kg/m
length
m
weight
kg
1 IPE550 105.50 24.00 2532.10
2 IPE400 66.30 47.38 4716.28

The total weight of the structure: 7248.38 kg
Surface for painting: 117.23 m^2

Nodes

node X
m
Y
m
Z
m
1 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 0.000 0.000 8.000
3 23.500 0.000 0.000
4 23.500 0.000 8.000
5 47.000 0.000 0.000
6 47.000 0.000 8.000
7 11.750 0.000 9.500
8 35.250 0.000 9.500

Members


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macro memb node 1 node 2 length
m
Rx
deg
profile
1 1 1 2 8.00 0.00 1 - IPE550
2 2 3 4 8.00 0.00 1 - IPE550
3 3 5 6 8.00 0.00 1 - IPE550
4 4 2 7 11.85 0.00 2 - IPE400
5 5 4 7 11.85 0.00 2 - IPE400
6 6 4 8 11.85 0.00 2 - IPE400
7 7 6 8 11.85 0.00 2 - IPE400

Profiles

Figure 1: IPE550

Profile num. 1 - IPE550
Material : 47 - S 275

A 1.344000e+004 mm^2
Ay/A 0.477 Az/A 0.435
Iy 6.712000e+008 mm^4 Iz 2.668000e+007 mm^4
Iyz 2.710505e-008 mm^4 It 1.232000e+006 mm^4
Iw 1.921780e+012 mm^6
Wely 2.441000e+006 mm^3 Welz 2.541000e+005 mm^3
Wply 2.780000e+006 mm^3 Wplz 4.000000e+005 mm^3
cy 105.00 mm cz 275.00 mm
iy 223.47 mm iz 44.55 mm
dy -0.00 mm dz 0.00 mm

Type for check: I section

Height 550.00 mm Width 210.00 mm
Thickness of flange 17.20 mm Thickness of web 11.10 mm
Radius 24.00 mm

Figure 2: IPE400


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Profile num. 2 - IPE400
Material : 47 - S 275

A 8.446000e+003 mm^2
Ay/A 0.509 Az/A 0.391
Iy 2.313000e+008 mm^4 Iz 1.318000e+007 mm^4
Iyz 0.000000e+000 mm^4 It 5.108000e+005 mm^4
Iw 4.968547e+011 mm^6
Wely 1.156000e+006 mm^3 Welz 1.464000e+005 mm^3
Wply 1.308000e+006 mm^3 Wplz 2.300000e+005 mm^3
cy 90.00 mm cz 200.00 mm
iy 165.49 mm iz 39.50 mm
dy -0.00 mm dz 0.00 mm

Type for check: I section

Height 400.00 mm Width 180.00 mm
Thickness of flange 13.50 mm Thickness of web 8.60 mm
Radius 21.00 mm

Variable profile

macro cross-section length
m
Parts position alignment size[original/changed]
mm
4 3 - I + I var (IPE400,400) 1.750 5 Begin Align Z+ 400/0

Supports

support boundary node type rot
deg
flexibility
kN/m-kNm/rad
funct
1 1 XZ
2 3 XZ
3 5 XZ


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1 2 3
4 5 6 7

Figure 3: Member numbers

1
2
3
4
5
6
7 8

Figure 4: Node numbers
I
P
E
5
5
0
I
P
E
5
5
0
I
P
E
5
5
0
IPE400 IPE400 IPE400 IPE400

Figure 5: Profile assignment


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Figure 6: Column and haunched beam

2. Design assumptions

The structure is unbraced in its plane. In the longitudinal direction of the building, bracing is provided, so that the
purlins act as out-of-plane support points to the frame. The position of the purlins will be defined and checked in 0.

Several analysis were carried out : a linear elastic analysis for the serviceabililty limit states and to retrieve the critical
combinations, a stability calculation for determining the critical load which leads to sway/non-sway classification ,an
elastic analysis with local non-linearties for implementing the frame imperfections, used for the ultimate limit states for
member check and connection check.
The traditional assumption that joints are rigid is adopted. This assumption is verified.

3. Loadings

3.1. Basic loadings
While the loads given are typical for a building of this type, the values should be taken as indicative. The values are
taken from Ref.[1].
The following load cases are considered :

load case 1 and 2 G : Self weight and dead load
load case 3 and 4 W : Wind load
load case 5,6,7 and 8 S : Snow load

Loadcases

Case Name coeff Description
1 Self weight 1.00 Self weight
2 Self weight (cladding + roof) 1.00 Permanent
3 Wind W1 1.00 Variable - Wind Excl.
4 Wind W2 1.00 Variable - Wind Excl.
5 Snow S1 1.00 Variable - Snow Excl.


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Loadcases num. 2 - distributed loads

memb macro bound type dx
m
exY
m
exZ
m
X beg
end
Y beg
end
Z beg
end
1 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.20
-1.20
3 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.20
-1.20
4 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.60
-1.60
5 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.60
-1.60
6 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.60
-1.60
7 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.60
-1.60

-1.2
-1.2
-1.2
-1.2
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6

Figure 7: Load case 2


m
exY
m
exZ
m
X beg
end
Y beg
end
Z beg
end
1 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
1.80
2.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
3.12
4.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 loc
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.44
4.44
5 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 loc
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.47
3.47
6 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 loc
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.96
3.96
7 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 loc
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.86
3.86


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1.8
2.2
3.1
4.2
4.4
4.4
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.9



m
exY
m
exZ
m
X beg
end
Y beg
end
Z beg
end
1 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
4.28
5.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.52
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 loc
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.96
0.96
6 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 loc
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.48
-0.48
7 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 loc
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.48

4.3
5.7
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.0
-0.5
-0.5
0.5
0.5



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m
exY
m
exZ
m
X beg
end
Y beg
end
Z beg
end
4 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-2.64
-2.64
5 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-2.64
-2.64
6 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-2.64
-2.64
7 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-2.64
-2.64

-2.6
-2.6
-2.6
-2.6
-2.6
-2.6
-2.6
-2.6



m
exY
m
exZ
m
X beg
end
Y beg
end
Z beg
end
4 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.32
-1.32
5 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-2.64
-2.64
6 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-2.64
-2.64
7 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.32
-1.32


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-1.3
-1.3
-2.6
-2.6
-2.6
-2.6
-1.3
-1.3



m
exY
m
exZ
m
X beg
end
Y beg
end
Z beg
end
4 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.32
-1.32
5 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-5.40
0.00
6 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-5.40
0.00
7 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.32
-1.32

-1.3
-1.3
-5.4
0.000
-5.4
0.000
-1.3
-1.3



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m
exY
m
exZ
m
X beg
end
Y beg
end
Z beg
end
4 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-5.40
0.00
5 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-5.40
0.00
6 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-5.40
0.00
7 force
kN/m
0.00 rel
1.00
0.00 0.00 glo
len
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-5.40
0.00

-5.4
0.000
-5.4
0.000
-5.4
0.000
-5.4
0.000


3.2. Load combination

The simplified load combination cases of Ref.[2] Chapter 2 are adopted.

For the ultimate load limit state combinations :

1.35 G + 1.50 W
1.35 G + 1.50 S
1.35 G + 1.35 W + 1.35 S

For the serviceability limit state combinations :

1.00 G + 1.00 W
1.00 G + 1.00 S
1.00 G + 0.90 W + 0.90 S

4. Analysis

4.1. Linear elastic analysis
A linear elastic analysis is performed. This generates 18 possible ULS combinations and 7 possible SLS combinations.


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Combinations

Combi Norma Case coeff
1 EC-ultimate 1 Self weight 1.00
1 EC-ultimate 2 Self weight (cladding + roof) 1.00
1 EC-ultimate 3 Wind W1 1.00
1 EC-ultimate 4 Wind W2 1.00
1 EC-ultimate 5 Snow S1 1.00
2 EC-serviceability 1 Self weight 1.00
2 EC-serviceability 2 Self weight (cladding + roof) 1.00
2 EC-serviceability 3 Wind W1 1.00
2 EC-serviceability 4 Wind W2 1.00
2 EC-serviceability 5 Snow S1 1.00

Basic rules for generation of ultimate load combinations:
1 : 1.35*LC1 / 1.35*LC2
2 : 1.35*LC1 / 1.35*LC2 / 1.50*LC3 / 1.50*LC4
3 : 1.00*LC1 / 1.00*LC2 / 1.50*LC3 / 1.50*LC4
4 : 1.35*LC1 / 1.35*LC2 / 1.50*LC5 / 1.50*LC6 / 1.50*LC7 / 1.50*LC8
5 : 1.00*LC1 / 1.00*LC2 / 1.50*LC5 / 1.50*LC6 / 1.50*LC7 / 1.50*LC8
6 : 1.35*LC1 / 1.35*LC2 / 1.35*LC3 / 1.35*LC4 / 1.35*LC5 / 1.35*LC6 / 1.35*LC7
/ 1.35*LC8
7 : 1.00*LC1 / 1.00*LC2 / 1.35*LC3 / 1.35*LC4 / 1.35*LC5 / 1.35*LC6 / 1.35*LC7
/ 1.35*LC8

Basic rules for generation of serviceability load combinations:
1 : 1.00*LC1 / 1.00*LC2
2 : 1.00*LC1 / 1.00*LC2 / 1.00*LC3 / 1.00*LC4
3 : 1.00*LC1 / 1.00*LC2 / 1.00*LC5 / 1.00*LC6 / 1.00*LC7 / 1.00*LC8
4 : 1.00*LC1 / 1.00*LC2 / 0.90*LC3 / 0.90*LC4 / 0.90*LC5 / 0.90*LC6 / 0.90*LC7
/ 0.90*LC8

List of extremal ultimate load combinations
1/ 3 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.50*LC3
2/ 5 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.50*LC8
3/ 4 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.50*LC5
4/ 4 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.50*LC6
5/ 4 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.50*LC7
6/ 4 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.50*LC8
7/ 7 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.35*LC3+1.35*LC6
8/ 7 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.35*LC4+1.35*LC6
9/ 7 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.35*LC3+1.35*LC8
10/ 7 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.35*LC4+1.35*LC8
11/ 6 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.35*LC3+1.35*LC5
12/ 6 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.35*LC4+1.35*LC5
13/ 6 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.35*LC3+1.35*LC6
14/ 6 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.35*LC3+1.35*LC7
15/ 6 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.35*LC4+1.35*LC6
16/ 6 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.35*LC3+1.35*LC8
17/ 6 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.35*LC4+1.35*LC7
18/ 6 : +1.35*LC1+1.35*LC2+1.35*LC4+1.35*LC8


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List of extremal serviceability load combinations
1/ 2 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.00*LC3
2/ 2 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.00*LC4
3/ 3 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.00*LC5
4/ 3 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.00*LC6
5/ 3 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+1.00*LC8
6/ 4 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+0.90*LC4+0.90*LC5
7/ 4 : +1.00*LC1+1.00*LC2+0.90*LC4+0.90*LC8

Deformations in nodes. Global extreme
Linear static - dangerous or all combinations
Group of nodes :1/8
Group of serviceability combi :1/7

node combi Ux
[mm]
Uz
[mm]
Fiy
[mrad]
6 6 44.62 -0.18 1.10
2 3 -14.86 -0.19 2.06
7 1 32.83 19.17 -1.02
8 3 7.42 -59.93 0.63
5 6 0.00 -0.00 7.76
1 3 -0.00 -0.00 -3.73

Figure 14: Deformation SLS combination 3


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Figure 15: Deformation SLS combination 6

Internal forces on members. Member extreme
Linear static - dangerous or all combinations
Group of members :1/7
Group of ultimate combi :1/18

memb cr.nr combi dx
[m]
N
[kN]
Vz
[kN]
My
[kNm]
1 1 1 8.000 51.76 15.45 223.47
1 1 6 0.000 -107.44 -31.36 0.00
1 1 1 0.000 33.72 39.57 -0.00
1 1 12 8.000 -59.84 -48.67 -163.54
1 1 3 8.000 -81.91 -36.48 -291.84
2 1 1 8.000 80.81 14.35 114.78
2 1 6 0.000 -185.01 -0.00 0.00
2 1 1 0.000 72.37 14.35 0.00
2 1 6 8.000 -173.61 -0.00 -0.00
3 1 1 8.000 35.12 -32.21 -74.96
3 1 6 0.000 -107.44 31.36 -0.00
3 1 12 0.000 -102.60 44.25 -0.00
3 1 12 8.000 -78.25 37.82 329.42
4 2 1 11.845 25.35 2.34 -58.16
4 2 12 0.000 -55.85 53.20 -163.54
4 2 6 0.000 -41.63 78.45 -250.88
4 2 1 0.000 21.88 -49.39 223.47
4 2 3 0.000 -46.56 76.63 -291.84
5 2 1 11.845 25.13 4.11 -58.16
5 2 12 0.000 -56.88 76.65 -349.88
5 2 5 0.000 -37.14 82.24 -292.87
5 2 1 0.000 21.66 -30.38 100.44
5 2 3 11.845 -36.44 -2.67 119.09
6 2 1 11.845 41.26 -0.30 -47.11
6 2 3 0.000 -47.06 80.54 -338.10
6 2 5 0.000 -37.14 82.24 -292.87
6 2 1 0.000 37.80 -43.49 215.22
7 2 1 11.845 39.87 10.65 -47.11


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memb cr.nr combi dx
[m]
N
[kN]
Vz
[kN]
My
[kNm]
7 2 12 0.000 -47.42 72.83 -329.42
7 2 6 0.000 -41.63 78.45 -250.88
7 2 1 0.000 36.40 -30.76 74.96
7 2 3 10.836 -36.83 0.45 122.18

-291.8
223.5 114.8
-75.0
329.4
-291.8
223.5
-349.9
119.1
-338.1
215.2
-329.4
122.2

Figure 16: Extremes for My (ULS combinations)

4.2. Stability calculation
For the stability check, the 5 critical combinations are used.
The stability analysis determines the sway classification of the frame. With this calculation, the value of Vcr is obtained
for the relevant load combination. This value can be used to evaluate the sensitivity of the structure to second-order
effects.
The critical (smallest and positive) load coefficient is found for combination 3 : 13.30.
This value is compared with the results of Ref.[1]

Method Critical load coefficient
EPW 13.71
Ref.[1] 12.5 a) 1/0.073=13.69
Ref.[1] 12.5 b) 1/0.07=14.30
Ref.[1] 12.5 c) 13.20
Ref.[1] 12.5 d) 11.06

There 13.71 > 10.0, we can define the frame as non-sway. A second-order elastic analysis is not necessary.

Stability combination

Combi Case coeff
1 1 Self weight 1.00
1 2 Self weight (cladding + roof) 1.00
1 3 Wind W1 1.50
2 5 Snow S1 1.50
3 7 Snow S3 1.50


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Combi Case coeff
4 8 Snow S4 1.50
5 4 Wind W2 1.35
5 5 Snow S1 1.35

Stability combination:
SC2, 1. critical load coefficient : 13.30

node Ux
[]
Uy
[]
Uz
[]
Fix
[]
Fiy
[]
Fiz
[]
1 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00 -267.37 0.00
2 -1947.34 0.00 -0.58 0.00 -194.97 0.00
3 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -297.78 0.00
4 -1986.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 -151.13 0.00
5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -267.36 0.00
6 -1947.29 0.00 0.58 0.00 -194.98 0.00
7 -1967.31 0.00 154.57 0.00 114.31 0.00
8 -1967.28 0.00 -154.78 0.00 114.32 0.00
9 -1955.89 0.00 66.36 0.00 -190.99 0.00
10 -1964.24 0.00 131.72 0.00 -185.92 0.00
11 -1972.33 0.00 195.05 0.00 -179.39 0.00
12 -1980.08 0.00 255.75 0.00 -170.90 0.00
13 -1987.40 0.00 313.04 0.00 -159.87 0.00
14 -1993.48 0.00 -51.72 0.00 -147.28 0.00
15 -1999.89 0.00 -101.92 0.00 -142.41 0.00
16 -2006.05 0.00 -150.17 0.00 -136.16 0.00
17 -2011.89 0.00 -195.91 0.00 -128.06 0.00
18 -2017.32 0.00 -238.40 0.00 -117.61 0.00
19 -1993.48 0.00 51.72 0.00 -147.28 0.00
20 -1999.89 0.00 101.92 0.00 -142.41 0.00
21 -2006.05 0.00 150.17 0.00 -136.16 0.00
22 -2011.89 0.00 195.91 0.00 -128.06 0.00
23 -2017.32 0.00 238.39 0.00 -117.60 0.00
24 -1955.84 0.00 -66.36 0.00 -190.99 0.00
25 -1964.19 0.00 -131.72 0.00 -185.93 0.00
26 -1972.28 0.00 -195.06 0.00 -179.40 0.00
27 -1980.03 0.00 -255.76 0.00 -170.91 0.00
28 -1987.35 0.00 -313.06 0.00 -159.88 0.00


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Figure 17: Stability deformation for combination 2

4.3. Elastic analysis with local non-linearties
The 5 critical combinations are used.
The sway imperfections are derived from the following formula :

1
n
1
2 . 0 k
1
n
1
5 . 0 k
k k
c
s
c
c
0 s c
+ =
+ =
=

For the actual structure we have nc=3 (number of columns per plane) and ns=1 (number of story in the frame).

nc 3
ns 1
kc 0.913
ks 1.000
0 1/200

1/219

The initial deformation at the eaves is 8000/219=36,5 mm, at the ridge 9500/219=43,4 mm. These are introduced as
initial deformation in the local non-linearities. Therefore non-linear combinations are defined.


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Figure 18: Global frame imperfections

Initial deformation num. 1

node X
mm
Y
mm
2 36.50 0.00
4 36.50 0.00
6 36.50 0.00
7 43.40 0.00
8 43.40 0.00

Nonlinear combination

Combi Group of
init. deformations
Group of
init. curvatures
Case coeff
C 1 1 0 1 Self weight 1.00
C 1 1 0 2 Self weight (cladding + roof) 1.00
C 1 1 0 3 Wind W1 1.50
C 2 1 0 5 Snow S1 1.50
C 3 1 0 7 Snow S3 1.50
C 4 1 0 8 Snow S4 1.50
C 5 1 0 4 Wind W2 1.35
C 5 1 0 5 Snow S1 1.35

Internal forces on members. Member extreme
Nonlinear calculation, local nonlinearities
Group of members :1/7
Group of nonlinear combinations :1/5


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memb cr.nr non. c. dx
[m]
N
[kN]
Vz
[kN]
My
[kNm]
1 1 1 8.000 51.71 15.23 222.04
1 1 4 0.000 -107.28 -30.86 -0.00
1 1 1 0.000 33.78 39.44 0.00
1 1 5 8.000 -59.79 -48.32 -160.34
1 1 2 8.000 -81.77 -36.09 -288.27
2 1 1 8.000 80.84 14.01 112.24
2 1 4 0.000 -184.96 0.84 -0.00
2 1 1 0.000 72.40 14.05 0.00
3 1 1 8.000 35.07 -32.41 -76.20
3 1 4 0.000 -107.56 31.84 0.00
3 1 5 0.000 -102.64 44.68 0.00
3 1 5 8.000 -78.31 38.14 332.46
4 2 1 11.845 25.35 2.45 -58.13
4 2 5 0.000 -55.74 52.94 -160.34
4 2 4 0.000 -41.57 78.15 -247.29
4 2 1 0.000 21.88 -49.26 222.04
4 2 2 0.000 -46.50 76.34 -288.27
5 2 1 11.845 25.15 3.99 -58.13
5 2 5 0.000 -56.84 76.89 -352.73
5 2 3 0.000 -37.12 82.46 -295.61
5 2 1 0.000 21.68 -30.48 101.60
5 2 2 11.845 -36.46 -2.36 119.09
6 2 1 11.845 41.28 -0.18 -46.99
6 2 2 0.000 -47.00 80.24 -334.76
6 2 3 0.000 -37.14 81.97 -289.91
6 2 1 0.000 37.82 -43.36 213.84
7 2 1 11.845 39.92 10.54 -46.99
7 2 5 0.000 -47.42 73.07 -332.46
7 2 4 0.000 -41.66 78.71 -254.27
7 2 1 0.000 36.45 -30.85 76.20
7 2 2 10.836 -36.85 0.72 121.66

-288.3
222.0 112.2
-76.2
332.5
-288.3
222.0
-352.7
119.1
-334.8
213.8
-332.5
121.7

Figure 19 : Extremes for my (for non-linear ULS combinations)


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5. Member check

5.1. SLS check

We use the SLS results from 0.
The limit for the maximum vertical deflection of the roof under SLS is :

mm 5 . 117
200
23500
200
L
max
= =

Since the vertical deflection of 59.93 < 117.5 mm, the condition is satisfied.

The limit for the horizontal displacement (SLS) of a portal frame without gantry crane is :

mm 3 . 53
150
8000
150
h
horiz
= =

Since the maximum lateral displacement is 44.62 mm < 53.3 mm, the condition is satisfied.

5.2. ULS check

The results of the unity checks are as follows :

0.81 0.46 0.91
0.71
0.95
0.85 0.88

Figure 20 : Steel code unity checks

5.2.1. Column check

Macro Member Section Position
m
Combi sect. chk. stab chk.
1 1 IPE550 8.00 2 0.17 0.81
2 2 IPE550 8.00 5 0.05 0.46
3 3 IPE550 8.00 5 0.23 0.91

The critical column is member 3.


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Given the results in 0, we can define the frame as non-sway in the plane. Outside the plane we use a buckling factor of
1.0.
At the support, the IPE550 is only charged by pure compression. This results in a class 4 classification.
The detailed results are as follows :

EC3 Code Check

Macro 1 Member 1 IPE550 S 275 Combi 2 0.81

Basic data EC3

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio



ratio



Internal forces
NSd -81.77 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd -36.09 kN
Mt.Sd 0.00 kNm
My.Sd -288.27 kNm
Mz.Sd 0.00 kNm


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Compression check

Table of values
Nc.Rd 3360.00 kN
unity check 0.02

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 1043.92 kN
unity check 0.03


Table of values
MNVy.Rd 695.00 kNm
MNVz.Rd 100.00 kNm

alfa 2.00 beta 1.00
unity check 0.17

STABILITY CHECK

Calculation effective area properties with direct method.

Properties
sectional area A eff 11919.4 mm^2 mm^2
Shear area Vy eff 7224.0 mm^2 Vz eff 4695.4 mm^2
radius of gyration iy eff 231.7 mm iz eff 47.2 mm
moment of inertia Iy eff 639646575.6 mm^4 Iz eff 26606961.0 mm^4
elastic section modulus Wy eff 2325987.5 mm^3 Wz eff 253399.6 mm^3
Eccentricity eny -0.0 mm enz 0.0 mm

Buckling curve a b
Length 8.00 8.00 m

Buckling check


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Table of values
Nb.Rd 654.18 kN
Beta A 0.89
unity check 0.13


Table of values
Nb.Rd 654.18 kN
Beta A 0.89
unity check 0.13

LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 405.59 kNm
Beta W 0.84
reduction 0.70
imperfection 0.21
Mcr 702.71 kNm

LTB
LTB length 8.00 m
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.88
C2 0.00
C3 0.94

unity check =0.71


Table of values
ky 1.00
kz 1.09
muy -0.12
muz -0.78
BetaMy 1.80
BetaMz 1.80


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unity check = 0.03 + 0.50 + 0.00 = 0.53


Table of values
klt 0.96
kz 1.09
mult 0.38
muz -0.78
BetaMlt 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.13 + 0.68 + 0.00 = 0.81


5.2.2. Beam check

To prevent the LTB, the purlins in the beam have to be positioned as follows :

a
b
c
d
e
f
g

Figure 21 : Position of purlins

The top flange of the beam is held by purlins at the points a, b, c, d and e. At the points f and g, the lower flange of the
beam is held by LTB bracings.

EC3 Code Check

Macro Member Section Position
m
Loadcase sect. chk. stab chk.
4 4 IPE400 1.75 2 0.26 0.71
5 5 IPE400 1.75 5 0.49 0.95
6 6 IPE400 1.75 2 0.40 0.85
7 7 IPE400 1.75 5 0.43 0.88


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The detailed results from critical beam nr 5 are as follows :

EC3 Code Check

Macro 5 Member 5 IPE400 S 275 Loadcase 5 0.95

Basic data EC3

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio



ratio



Internal forces
NSd -55.27 kN
Vy.Sd 0.00 kN
Vz.Sd 64.62 kN
Mt.Sd 0.00 kNm
My.Sd -229.07 kNm
Mz.Sd 0.00 kNm


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Section properties
A 8.446000e+003 mm^2
Ay/A 0.509 Az/A 0.391
Iy 2.313000e+008 mm^4 Iz 1.318000e+007 mm^4
Iyz 0.000000e+000 mm^4 It 5.108000e+005 mm^4
Iw 4.968547e+011 mm^6
Wely 1.156000e+006 mm^3 Welz 1.464000e+005 mm^3
Wply 1.308000e+006 mm^3 Wplz 2.300000e+005 mm^3
cy 200.00 mm cz 90.00 mm
dy -0.00 mm dz 0.00 mm

Compression check

Table of values
Nc.Rd 2111.50 kN
unity check 0.03

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.Rd 616.19 kN
unity check 0.10


Table of values
MNVy.Rd 327.00 kNm
MNVz.Rd 57.50 kNm

alfa 2.00 beta 1.00
unity check 0.49

STABILITY CHECK

type non-sway sway
Buckling curve a b
Length 11.85 11.85 m


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Warning: slenderness 299.86 is larger then 200.00 !

Buckling check

Table of values
Nb.Rd 160.84 kN
Beta A 1.00
unity check 0.34


Table of values
Nb.Rd 160.84 kN
Beta A 1.00
unity check 0.34

LTB check

Table of values
Mb.Rd 311.08 kNm
Beta W 1.00
reduction 0.95
imperfection 0.21
Mcr 2186.57 kNm

LTB
LTB length 1.75 m
k 1.00
kw 1.00
C1 1.20
C2 0.00
C3 1.00

negative influence of load position
unity check =0.74


Table of values
ky 1.00
kz 1.25
muy -0.06
muz -0.81


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Table of values
BetaMy 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check = 0.03 + 0.70 + 0.00 = 0.73


Table of values
klt 0.83
kz 1.25
mult 0.55
muz -0.81
BetaMlt 1.35
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.34 + 0.61 + 0.00 = 0.95


6. Connection design

6.1. Bolted beam-to-column connection
CD
IPE400
10
10
7
Section CD
IPE550
13
13
7
11
11
11
1
0
1
0

Figure 22: Beam-to-column connection


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End plate
180
7
7
9
2D Plate 20
40 100
6
5
5
9
0
6
0
6 x M-20 (DIN6914)

Figure 23: Endplate dimensions
Haunch
1426
5
2
3
30
3
1
1
IPE400
1
5
1
9

Figure 24: Haunch dimensions
Stiffener
514
9
8
24 466
2
3
2
3
2D Plate 15

Figure 25: Stiffener dimensions


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The detailed calculation note for tension on the top side is as follows :

Node 6 : bolted beam-to-column connection side AB
According to EC3, Revised Annex J

1. Input data

Column IPE550
h 550.00 mm
b 210.00 mm
tf 17.20 mm
tw 11.10 mm
r 24.00 mm
fy 275.00 MPa
fu 430.00 MPa

Connected beam IPE400
h 400.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
tf 13.50 mm
tw 8.60 mm
r 21.00 mm
fy 275.00 MPa
fu 430.00 MPa

Haunch under IPE400
hc 355.52 mm
lc 1498.30 mm
b 180.00 mm
tf 13.50 mm
tw 8.60 mm
weld ab 13.00 mm
weld ac 8.00 mm

Partial safety factors
Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.10
Gamma Mw 1.25

Stiffener
Stiffener in tension zone

No. pos.[mm] fy[MPa]
1 744.08 275.00

End plate
h 779.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
t 20.00 mm
fy 275.00 MPa
fu 430.00 MPa

Bolts M-20 (DIN6914)


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type prestressed
grade 10.9
fu 1000.00 MPa
As 245.00 mm^2
do 22.00 mm
S 32.00 mm
e 35.00 mm
h head 13.00 mm
h nut 16.00 mm

Bolt position

row y[mm] spacing[mm]
1 715.00 100.00
2 655.00 100.00
3 65.00 100.00

Internal forces

Combination number 5
N -47.17 kN
Vz 71.26 kN
My -312.53 kNm

Tension top

2. Design moment resistance MRd
2.1. Design resistance of basic components
2.1.1. Column web panel in shear (J.3.5.2.)

Vwp,Rd data
Vwp,Rd 939.53 kN
Beta 1.00
Avc 7232.52 mm^2

2.1.2. Column web in compression (J.3.5.3.)

Fc,wc,Rd data
Fc,wc,Rd 495.28 kN
beff 263.87 mm
twc 11.10 mm
ro1 0.91
ro2 0.73
ro 0.91
kwc 1.00
lambda_rel 1.07
dc 467.60 mm

2.1.3. Haunch in compression


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Fc,h,Rd data
Fc,h,Rd 570.50 kN
bhf 180.00 mm
bhi 524.14 mm
alfa 20.15 deg

2.1.4. Design tension resistance of bolt row
(effective lengths in mm, resistance in kN)
Bt,Rd = 176.40 kN
2.1.4.1. Column flange
kfc = 1.00

row p (p1+p2) alfa e m n e1
1 0.0+30.0 8.00 55.00 25.25 31.56 64.00
2 30.0+295.0 - 55.00 25.25 31.56 -
3 295.0+ 0.0 - 55.00 25.25 31.56 -

row leff,cp,i leff,nc,i
1 158.65 202.00
2 158.65 169.75
3 158.65 169.75

row leff,cp,g leff,nc,g leff,cp,ge1 leff,nc,ge1 leff,cp,ge2 leff,nc,ge2
1 - - - - 139.33 147.12
2 650.00 325.00 139.33 114.87 669.33 379.87
3 - - 669.33 379.87 - -

For individual bolt row:

row leff,1 leff,2 leff Ft,fc,Rd Ft,wc,Rd ro
1 158.65 202.00 202.00 327.48 570.50 1.00
2 158.65 169.75 169.75 306.49 570.50 1.00
3 158.65 169.75 169.75 306.49 570.50 1.00

For bolt group:

group leff,1 leff,2 leff Ft,fc,Rd Ft,wc,Rd ro
1- 1 158.65 202.00 202.00 327.48 570.50 1.00
1- 2 262.00 262.00 262.00 562.54 570.50 1.00
1- 3 852.00 852.00 852.00 1058.40 570.50 1.00

2.1.4.2. Endplate

row p (p1+p2) alfa e m n
1 0.0+30.0 6.31 40.00 37.78 40.00
2 30.0+295.0 5.42 40.00 37.78 40.00
3 295.0+ 0.0 6.31 40.00 37.78 40.00


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1 237.38 238.28
2 237.38 204.76
3 237.38 238.28

1 - - - - 178.69 167.72
2 - - 178.69 134.20 - -
3 - - 708.69 432.72 - -


row leff,1 leff,2 leff Ft,ep,Rd Ft,wb,Rd
1 237.38 238.28 238.28 334.61 512.31
2 204.76 204.76 204.76 313.06 440.24
3 237.38 238.28 238.28 334.61 512.31

For bolt group:

group leff,1 leff,2 leff Ft,ep,Rd Ft,wb,Rd
1- 1 237.38 238.28 238.28 334.61 512.31
1- 2 301.92 301.92 301.92 556.95 649.13
3- 3 237.38 238.28 238.28 334.61 512.31

2.2. Determination of Mj,Rd

row h[mm] Ft[kN]
1 697.58 327.48
2 637.58 167.79
3 47.58 0.00

Mj,Rd = 335.43 kNm
Mj,Rd = 335.43 kNm (inclusive normal force)

2.3.Determination of Mj,Rd for compressed haunch at beam

data
alfa 12.87 deg
Af 2430.00 mm^2
Ad 1599.60 mm^2
Me 289.00 kNm
Mj,Rd 289.00 kNm
MSd -217.03 kNm

3. Design shear resistance VRd

VRd data
VRd 290.93 kN
ks 1.00
n 1.00
slip factor 0.30


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VRd data
Fp,Cd 171.50 kN
Ft,Sd -7.86 kN
Fs,Rd 48.49 kN
VRd beam 1336.90 kN

4. Stiffness calculation
4.1. Design rotational stiffness

row k3[mm] k4[mm] k5[mm] k7[mm] keff[mm]
1 37.43 2.44 21.15 7.58 1.63
2 30.86 2.82 16.92 7.58 1.73

Sj data
Sj 49308.21 kNm/rad
Sj,ini 121752.72 kNm/rad
z 667.99 mm
mu 2.47
k1 4.11 mm
k2 4.38 mm
keq 3.35 mm

4.2. Stiffness classification

Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 231300000.45 mm^4
Lb 23710.00 mm
frame type unbraced
S1 51215.73 kNm/rad
S2 1024.31 kNm/rad

System RIGID

4.3 Check of stiffness requirement

Stiffness data
Fi y infinity kNm/rad
Stiffness modification coef. 2.00
Sj,app infinity kNm/rad
Sj,lower boundary 49167.10 kNm/rad
Sj,upper boundary infinity kNm/rad

Sj,ini is inside the boundaries.
The actual joint stiffness is conform with the joint stiffness of the analysis model.

4.4 Ductility classification
The failure mode is not situated in the column shear zone.
In the endplate we have the following :
0.36 sqrt(fub/fy) d < t <= 0.53 sqrt(fub/fy) d
This results in an intermediate classification for ductility : class 2.

5. Unity checks


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Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.93
VSd/VRd 0.24

The connection satisfies.

6. Design calculations
6.1. Calculation weldsize af / Minimum thickness th for stiffener in column

data
MRd 335.43 kNm
Gamma 1.70
h 744.83 mm
FRd 765.58 kN
NT,Rd 607.50 kN
N 607.50 kN
fu 430.00 MPa
BetaW 0.85
minimum af 5.90 mm
af 10.00 mm
Minimum th 13.50 mm

6.2. Calculation aw

data
Ft 531.89 kN
Fv 25.17 kN
lw 301.92 mm
fu 430.00 MPa
BetaW 0.85
minimum aw (a2) 4.00 mm
aw 7.00 mm

Sj,ini = 121752.72 kNm/rad
Sj,MRd = 40741.06 kNm/rad
4.12 8.23 12.35 16.47
mrad
100.0
200.0
300.0
kNm

Figure 26: Moment-rotation diagramma


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In the present case, the length Lb for the stiffness classification is taken as the developed length of the rafter, i.e. 23.71
m.
As shown in the previous output, the connection stiffness is conform with the analysis model.

Sj,ini
Sj,low
Sj,low = 49167.10 kNm/rad
Sj,upper
Sj,upper = infinity kNm/rad
1.38 2.75 4.13 5.51
mrad
100.0
200.0
300.0
kNm

Figure 27: Stiffness boundaries

The normal output for tension on the bottom side is as follows :

Node 2 : bolted beam-to-column connection side CD

1. Input data
Column IPE550


Haunch under IPE400
hc 355.52 mm
lc 1498.30 mm
b 180.00 mm
tf 13.50 mm
tw 8.60 mm
weld ab 13.00 mm
weld ac 8.00 mm

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.10
Gamma Mw 1.25

Stiffener



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1 744.08 275.00

End plate
h 779.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
t 20.00 mm
fy 275.00 MPa
fu 430.00 MPa

type prestressed
grade 10.9
fu 1000.00 MPa
As 245.00 mm^2
do 22.00 mm
S 32.00 mm
e 35.00 mm
h head 13.00 mm
h nut 16.00 mm

Bolt position

1 715.00 100.00
2 655.00 100.00
3 65.00 100.00

Internal forces

N 21.98 kN
Vz -48.16 kN
My 208.57 kNm

Tension bottom

Bt,Rd = 176.40 kN

row Ft,fc,Rd Ft,ep,Rd
3 306.49 313.06
2 306.49 313.06
1 327.48 334.61

data
Vwp,Rd 939.53 kN
Fc,wc,Rd 838.38 kN
Fc,fb,Rd 838.38 kN


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row h[mm] Ft[kN]
3 697.20 306.49
2 107.20 306.49
1 47.20 225.39

Mj,Rd = 257.18 kNm

VRd =275.84 kN


Sj data
Sj 69046.60 kNm/rad
z 587.47 mm
mu 1.70
k1 4.68 mm
k2 -
keq 2.47 mm


Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 231300000.45 mm^4
Lb 23710.00 mm
frame type unbraced
S1 51215.73 kNm/rad
S2 1024.31 kNm/rad

System RIGID


Stiffness data




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5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.81
VSd/VRd 0.17



data
af 10.00 mm
aw 7.00 mm
Minimum th 13.50 mm

The configuration at the middle column is :

Figure 28: Bolted beam-to-column at middle column

6.2. Bolted plate-to-plate connection


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AB
IPE400
7
7
5
Section AB CD
IPE400
7
7
5
Section CD
8
7
1
0
8
7
1
0

Figure 29: plate-to-plate connection
End plate
180
5
0
0
2D Plate 20
40 100
4
6
9
5
2
9
5
6 x M-20 (DIN6914)

Figure 30: Endplate dimensions
Node 7 : bolted plate-to-plate connection

1. Input data
Right side

h 400.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
tf 13.50 mm
tw 8.60 mm
r 21.00 mm
fy 275.00 MPa
fu 430.00 MPa

End plate
h 500.00 mm


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End plate
b 180.00 mm
t 20.00 mm
fy 275.00 MPa
fu 430.00 MPa

type prestressed
grade 10.9
fu 1000.00 MPa
As 245.00 mm^2
do 22.00 mm
S 32.00 mm
e 35.00 mm
h head 13.00 mm
h nut 16.00 mm

Bolt position

row y[mm]
1 436.00 100.00
2 141.00 100.00
3 46.00 100.00

Left side

h 400.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
tf 13.50 mm
tw 8.60 mm
r 21.00 mm
fy 275.00 MPa
fu 430.00 MPa

End plate
h 500.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
t 20.00 mm
fy 275.00 MPa
fu 430.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.10
Gamma Mw 1.25

Internal forces


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N -36.46 kN
Vz 2.36 kN
My 119.09 kNm

Tension bottom

2.1.1.Beam flange and web in compression (J.3.5.4.) - Right side

Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 846.05 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 327.00 kNm
hb-tfb 386.50 mm

2.1.2. Beam flange and web in compression (J.3.5.4.) - Left side

Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 846.05 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 327.00 kNm
hb-tfb 386.50 mm

Bt,Rd = 176.40 kN
2.1.3.1. Endplate - right side

row p (p1+p2) alfa e m
3 0.0+47.5 - 46.00 32.83 41.04
2 47.5+147.5 5.83 40.00 40.04 40.00
1 147.5+ 0.0 5.83 40.00 40.04 40.00

row leff,cp,i
3 90.00 90.00
2 251.60 233.40
1 251.60 233.40

row leff,cp,g leff,nc,g leff,cp,ge1 leff,nc,ge1 leff,cp,ge2
3 90.00 90.00 - - - -
2 - - - - 420.80 275.81
1 - - 420.80 275.81 - -


row leff,1 leff,2 leff Ft,ep,Rd
3 90.00 90.00 90.00 256.91 -
2 233.40 233.40 233.40 322.10 501.81
1 233.40 233.40 233.40 322.10 501.81


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For bolt group:

group leff,1 leff,2 leff Ft,ep,Rd
3- 3 90.00 90.00 90.00 256.91 -
2- 2 233.40 233.40 233.40 322.10 501.81
2- 1 551.63 551.63 551.63 697.19 1186.00

2.1.3.2. Endplate - left side

3 0.0+47.5 - 46.00 32.83 41.04
2 47.5+147.5 5.83 40.00 40.04 40.00
1 147.5+ 0.0 5.83 40.00 40.04 40.00

row leff,cp,i
3 90.00 90.00
2 251.60 233.40
1 251.60 233.40

3 90.00 90.00 - - - -
2 - - - - 420.80 275.81
1 - - 420.80 275.81 - -


3 90.00 90.00 90.00 256.91 -
2 233.40 233.40 233.40 322.10 501.81
1 233.40 233.40 233.40 322.10 501.81

For bolt group:

3- 3 90.00 90.00 90.00 256.91 -
2- 2 233.40 233.40 233.40 322.10 501.81
2- 1 551.63 551.63 551.63 697.19 1186.00


row h[mm] Ft[kN]
3 437.20 256.91
2 342.20 322.10
1 47.20 267.04

Mj,Rd = 235.15 kNm



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VRd data
VRd 288.59 kN
ks 1.00
n 1.00
slip factor 0.30
Fp,Cd 171.50 kN
Ft,Sd -6.08 kN
Fs,Rd 48.10 kN


row k5[mm] k5[mm] k7[mm]
3 17.29 17.29 7.19 3.93
2 24.72 24.72 7.19 4.55
1 24.72 24.72 7.19 4.55

Sj data
Sj 271519.93 kNm/rad
z 370.81 mm
mu 1.00
keq 9.40 mm

Right side

Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 231300000.45 mm^4
Lb 23710.00 mm
frame type unbraced
S1 51215.73 kNm/rad
S2 1024.31 kNm/rad

System RIGID
Left side

Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 231300000.45 mm^4
Lb 23710.00 mm
frame type unbraced
S1 51215.73 kNm/rad
S2 1024.31 kNm/rad

System RIGID

Right side


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Stiffness data


Left side

Stiffness data



5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.51
VSd/VRd 0.01


6.1. Calculation af - Right side

data
MRd 235.15 kNm
Gamma 1.70
h 389.69 mm
FRd 1025.80 kN
NT,Rd 607.50 kN
N 607.50 kN
fu 430.00 MPa
BetaW 0.85
minimum af 5.90 mm
af 7.00 mm

6.2. Calculation aw - Right side


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data
Ft 322.10 kN
Fv 1.33 kN
lw 233.40 mm
fu 430.00 MPa
BetaW 0.85
aw 5.00 mm

6.3. Calculation af - Left side

data
MRd 235.15 kNm
Gamma 1.70
h 389.69 mm
FRd 1025.80 kN
NT,Rd 607.50 kN
N 607.50 kN
fu 430.00 MPa
BetaW 0.85
minimum af 5.90 mm
af 7.00 mm

6.4. Calculation aw - Left side

data
Ft 322.10 kN
Fv 1.33 kN
lw 233.40 mm
fu 430.00 MPa
BetaW 0.85
aw 5.00 mm

1.29 2.59 3.88 5.18
mrad
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
kNm

Figure 31: Moment-rotation diagramma


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6.3. Base plate connection

CD
IPE550
13 13
8
Section CD
10 10

Figure 32: Baseplate connection

Baseplate
210
5
7
0
2D Plate 30
42 126
2
8
6
2 x M-24 (DIN601)

Figure 33: Baseplate dimensions


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1
0
2
4
4
8
Anchor:M-24 (DIN601)

Figure 34: Anchor dimensions

Node 3 : bolted baseplate connection
According to EC3, Annex L & Revised Annex J

1. Input data
Column IPE550

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25
Gamma c 1.10
Gamma fr 1.10

Concrete block
fck_c 25.00 MPa
bond condition poor
Beta_j 0.66
kj 2.00
kfr 0.25

Baseplate
h 570.00 mm
b 210.00 mm
t 30.00 mm
fy 275.00 MPa
fu 430.00 MPa

Anchors M-24 (DIN601)
type straight
bar type high bond
grade 4.6
fu 400.00 MPa
As 353.00 mm^2
do 26.00 mm


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S 36.00 mm
e 39.60 mm
h head 15.00 mm
h nut 19.00 mm

Anchor position

1 285.50 125.60

Internal forces

N 72.40 kN
Vz 14.05 kN
My 0.00 kNm

Tension on right side.

Projected forces (Reactions)
N' = 72.40 kN
T' = 14.05 kN

2. Design compression resistance NRd,c
According to EC3, Annex L

NRd,c data
NRd,c 2357.91 kN

3.1 Design resistance of basic components
For individual anchor row:
Bt,Rd = 101.66 kN

row
1 203.33

data
Fc,base,Rd 486.36 kN
Fc,fb,Rd 1304.43 kN

3.2 Determination of Mj,Rd

row h[mm] Ft[kN]
1 265.90 203.33

Mj,Rd = 54.06 kNm


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4. Design tension resistance NRd,t
NRd,t = 203.33 kN

VRd (friction included) 48.72 kN

6. Unity checks

Unity checks
NSd/NRd,t 0.36
MSd/MjRd 0.00
VSd/VRd 0.29


7. Design Calculations.
7.1 Anchorage length.
Designed for Combination number 1

Anchorage data
l,anchor 448.11 mm

7.2. Calculation weldsize

data
af 13.00 mm
aw 8.00 mm


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1.10 PST.06.02 01 : DIN 18800 Steel code check (1)

Description
Stress and stability check of a member with normal force and bending moments and of a member in a simple frame.

Project data
The following examples of Ref.[1] are calculated :

- 9.5.1. Trger mit konstanter Normalkraft
- 9.5.3. Rahmenstiel mit Biege-und Normalkraftbeanspruchung

Reference


Result

Member Example Type Ref[1] EPW % Diff. Remark
4 9.5.1.

Bending+Compression 0.51

0.52

0 %
4 9.5.1. Bending+LTB+Compressi
on
0.99 0.97 3.00 % Difference due to different fabrication
conditions for LTB check
2 9.5.3. Bending+LTB+Compressi
on
0.97 0.98 1.03 % Some differences in internal forces for
Second Order calculation with global
imperfection.


Version

PST060201.epw

Modules
2
nd
order Frame (PRS.22)
DIN 18800 Steel code check (PST.06.02)

Author
CVL

Calculation note

Macro 2 Member 2 IPE360 Steel 37 Comb 1 0.99


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Basic data DIN18800
partial safety factor Gamma M =1.10

Material data
Yield strenght fy,k 235.00 MPa
Tensile strength fu,k 360.00 MPa
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK - DIN18800 Teil 1.
Width-to-thickness ratio for webs

ratio
maximum ratio PL-PL 32.34 (Tab. 18)
maximum ratio EL-PL 37.39 (Tab. 15)
maximum ratio EL-EL 66.00 (Tab. 12,13,14)

==> Class cross-section : plastic.

Width-to-thickness ratio for flanges

ratio



Internal forces
N -521.36 kN
Vy 0.00 kN
Vz 16.92 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
My 78.49 kNm
Mz 0.00 kNm

Only elastic check

Normal force check
according to article (756) and formula (Bild 18)
Section classification isplastic.

Table of values
Npl.d 1553.78 kN
unity check 0.34

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.d 342.70 kN
unity check 0.05

Plastic check around strong axis.

according to article (757) and formula (Tab.16)

Table of values
alfa.pl.y 1.13
alfa.pl.z 1.25


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Table of values
unity check 0.66


STABILITY CHECK - DIN18800 Teil 2.

type non-sway sway
Buckling curve a b
Length 4.00 4.00 m

Buckling check
according to article T2 (304) and formula (3)

Table of values
Kappa*Npl.d 807.42 kN
unity check 0.65

LTB check
unity check = 0.38

Table of values
KappaM*Mpl.d 208.13 kNm
KappaM 0.95
LambdaM_r 0.66
n 2.50
kn 1.00

Mkiy =548.06 kNm according to DIN18800 T.2 form.(19)

LTB
LTB length 4.00 m
Betaz 1.00
Beta0 1.00
Ksi 1.77



Table of values
Beta_m 1.00
delta_n 0.01

unity check =0.34 + 0.33 + 0.01 = 0.68


Table of values
ky 0.90
kz 0.93
ay 0.15
az 0.10


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Table of values
BetaMy 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.65 + 0.34 = 0.99

LTB parameters

Table of values
KappaM 0.95
LambdaM_r 0.66
n 2.50
kn 1.00
Lambda_v 105.78
Lambda_vr 1.13
KappaM_v 0.47
ip 0.15 m
c 0.23 m


Macro 4 Member 4 IPE360 Steel 37 Comb 1 0.97

Basic data DIN18800

Material data
fabrication rolled


ratio



ratio



Internal forces
N -150.00 kN
Vy 0.00 kN
Vz 26.00 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
My 89.00 kNm
Mz 0.00 kNm

Only elastic check


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Normal force check

Table of values
Npl.d 1553.78 kN
unity check 0.10

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.d 342.70 kN
unity check 0.08



Table of values
alfa.pl.y 1.13
alfa.pl.z 1.25
unity check 0.41



type non-sway sway
Buckling curve a b
Length 6.00 6.00 m

Buckling check

Table of values
unity check 0.34

LTB check
unity check = 0.67

Table of values
KappaM 0.61
LambdaM_r 1.19
n 2.50
kn 1.00


LTB


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LTB
LTB length 6.00 m
Betaz 1.00
Beta0 1.00
Ksi 1.35



Table of values
Beta_m 1.00
delta_n 0.01

unity check =0.10 + 0.41 + 0.01 = 0.52


Table of values
ky 0.94
kz 1.04
ay 0.18
az -0.12
BetaMy 1.30
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.34 + 0.63 = 0.97

LTB parameters

Table of values
KappaM 0.61
LambdaM_r 1.19
n 2.50
kn 1.00
Lambda_v 158.67
Lambda_vr 1.69
KappaM_v 0.26
ip 0.15 m
c 0.28 m



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1.11 PST.06.02 02 : DIN 18800 Steel Code Check (2)

Description
Stress and stability check of a simple beam.

Project data
The following example of Ref.[1] is calculated :

- 10.6 Beispiel fr Trger mit Druck und zweiachsiger Biegebeanspruchung

Reference


Result

1 10.6.

Bending+Compression
Method 1
0.76

0.77

0 %
1 10.6. Bending++Compression
Method 2
0.66 0.71 6.06 %
1 10.6. Bending+LTB+Compression 0.99 0.99 0 %


Version

PST060202.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
CVL

Calculation note

Method 1

Macro 1 Member 1 IPE300 Fe 360 Loadcase 1 1.00


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Basic data DIN18800

Material data
fabrication rolled


ratio



ratio



Internal forces
N -100.00 kN
Vy 0.00 kN
Vz 0.00 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
My 40.63 kNm
Mz -3.13 kNm

Normal force check

Table of values
Npl.d 1149.36 kN
unity check 0.09

Plastic check around both axis.

according to article (757) and formula (40)(41)(42)

Table of values
alfa.pl.y 1.13
alfa.pl.z 1.25
unity check 0.21



type non-sway sway


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Buckling curve a b
Length 5.00 5.00 m

Buckling check

Table of values
unity check 0.28

LTB check
unity check = 0.53

Table of values
KappaM 0.57
LambdaM_r 1.25
n 2.50
kn 1.00


LTB
LTB length 5.00 m
Betaz 1.00
Beta0 1.00
Ksi 1.12



Table of values
ky 1.04
kz 1.47
ay -0.47
az -1.67
BetaMy 1.30
BetaMz 1.30

unity check =0.28 + 0.32 + 0.17 = 0.77


Table of values
ky 0.96
kz 1.47
ay 0.16
az -1.67
BetaMy 1.30
BetaMz 1.30

unity check =0.28 + 0.51 + 0.21= 1.00

LTB parameters


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Table of values
KappaM 0.57
LambdaM_r 1.25
n 2.50
kn 1.00
Lambda_v 149.23
Lambda_vr 1.59
KappaM_v 0.29
ip 0.13 m
c 0.23 m


Method 2


Basic data DIN18800

Material data
fabrication rolled


ratio



ratio



Internal forces
N -100.00 kN
Vy 0.00 kN
Vz 0.00 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
My 40.63 kNm
Mz -3.13 kNm


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Normal force check

Table of values
Npl.d 1149.36 kN
unity check 0.09



Table of values
alfa.pl.y 1.13
alfa.pl.z 1.25
unity check 0.21



type non-sway sway
Buckling curve a b
Length 5.00 5.00 m

Buckling check

Table of values
unity check 0.28

LTB check
unity check = 0.53

Table of values
KappaM 0.57
LambdaM_r 1.25
n 2.50
kn 1.00


LTB
LTB length 5.00 m
Betaz 1.00
Beta0 1.00
Ksi 1.12



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Table of values
ky 0.79
kz 1.00
cy 0.79
cz 1.26
BetaMy 1.00
BetaMz 1.00
delta_n 0.05

unity check =0.28 + 0.24 + 0.15 + 0.05 = 0.71

Table of values
My 40.63 kNm
Mz 3.13 kNm


Table of values
ky 0.96
kz 1.47
ay 0.16
az -1.67
BetaMy 1.30
BetaMz 1.30

unity check =0.28 + 0.51 + 0.21= 1.00

LTB parameters

Table of values
KappaM 0.57
LambdaM_r 1.25
n 2.50
kn 1.00
Lambda_v 149.23
Lambda_vr 1.59
KappaM_v 0.29
ip 0.13 m
c 0.23 m



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Description
Stress and stability check of two simple beams.

Project data
The following example of Ref.[1] is calculated :

- A) Dachtragwerk mit zwei Trgerlagen 1/ Pfette (pp.50-51)
- B) Dachtragwerk mit einer Trgerlage / Dachtrger (pp.54-56)

Reference

[1] G. Kahlmeyer
Stahlbau nach DIN18800 (11.90)
Bemessung und Konstruktion
Trger Sttzen Verbindungen

Result

2 A)Pfette erf c
,k

[kNm/m]
0.605

0.58

4.3 %
2 A)Pfette vorh c
,k

[kNm/m]
3.78 3.77 0.26 %
4 B)Trger c
M,k

[kNm/m]
318 317.9 0 %
4 B)Trger c
A,k
reduced
[kNm/m]
3.1 3.1 0 %
4 B)Trger c
A,k

[kNm/m]
8.72 5.81 33.37 % Error in Ref[1]
4 B)Trger erf c
,k

[kNm/m]
71.8 68.7 4.5 %
4 B)Trger It.id
[cm
4
]
80.3 62.3 22.42 %
4 B)Trger unity check 0.99 1.072 8.28 %

See the chapter "Calculation note" for detailed output of ESA-Prima Win.

Version

PST060203.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)


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Author
CVL

Calculation note


Basic data DIN18800

Material data
fabrication rolled


ratio



ratio



Internal forces
N 0.00 kN
Vy 0.00 kN
Vz 0.00 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
My 5.74 kNm
Mz 0.00 kNm

Only elastic check

Normal stress check
according to article (747) and formula (33)
Section classification is elastic.

Table of values
Sigma 39.17 MPa
unity check 0.18



LTB check
unity check = 0.15


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S =28768.70
S > 10327.04 kN ==> fixed rotation axis

Table of values
k0 0.23
kv 0.35
c0Mk 93.07 kNm/m (form. 10)
c0Pk 45.44 kNm/m
c0Ak 4.31 kNm/m (form. 11a / 11b)
c0Ak 5.20 kNm/m ( Tab. 7 )
vorh ck 3.77 kNm/m
erf ck 0.58 kNm/m

LTB
LTB length 6.00 m
Betaz 1.00
Beta0 1.00
Ksi 1.29

direction : downward
Diaphragm data : 40/183/0.88

Table of values
I 277000.00 mm^4
K1 0.20 m/kN
K2 6.71 m^2/kN
Length 10.00 m
frame dist 2.50 m
k 4.00

assembling: positive
bolt position : underside
bolt pitch : br


Basic data DIN18800

Material data
fabrication rolled


ratio




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ratio



Internal forces
N 0.00 kN
Vy 0.00 kN
Vz 3.96 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
My 86.48 kNm
Mz 0.00 kNm

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.d 253.35 kN
unity check 0.02



Table of values
alfa.pl.y 1.13
alfa.pl.z 1.25
unity check 0.64



LTB check
unity check = 1.08
S =24945.59
0.2 S < 19316.22 kN ==> free rotation axis

Table of values
k0 4.00
kv 1.00
c0Mk 317.89 kNm/m (form. 10)
c0Pk 64.95 kNm/m
c0Ak 5.81 kNm/m (form. 11a / 11b)
c0Ak 3.10 kNm/m ( Tab. 7 )
vorh ck 5.25 kNm/m
erf ck 68.68 kNm/m

Table of values
KappaM 0.60
LambdaM_r 1.21
n 2.50
kn 1.00

It,id =202000.00 + 421255.62 =623255.61 mm^4


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LTB
LTB length 8.00 m
Betaz 1.00
Beta0 1.00
Ksi 1.12

direction : downward
Diaphragm data : 100/275/0.88

Table of values
I 1703000.00 mm^4
K1 0.22 m/kN
K2 21.41 m^2/kN
Length 13.50 m
frame dist 4.50 m
k 4.00

assembling: positive
bolt position : underside
bolt pitch : 2br


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Description
Stress and stability check of a slender section.

Project data
The example of Ref.[1] pp.B-Knick01-12.

Reference

[1] H. Owczarzak, M. Stracke
DIN188000 in Beispielen
Seminarunterlagen zum Dortmunder Praxisseminar
L S+S Februar 1997

Result

Member Example Type Ref[1] EPW Remark
1 BKNICK Biegeknicken
without slender section
option (only elastic check)
0.79

0.79

0 %
1 BKNICK Biegeknicken with slender
section influence
0.98 0.99 1.00 %


Version

PST060204.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
CVL

Calculation note

Macro 1 Member 1 SC450/450/8 St 37 Loadcase 1 0.79

Basic data DIN18800

Material data


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Material data


ratio

==> Class cross-section : slender section


Internal forces
N -1100.00 kN
Vy 0.00 kN
Vz 0.00 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
My 156.25 kNm
Mz 0.00 kNm

Only elastic check

Normal stress check

Table of values
Sigma 154.08 MPa
unity check 0.71



Buckling curve b b
Length 10.00 10.00 m

Buckling check

Table of values
unity check 0.42


Table of values
Beta_m 1.00


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Table of values
delta_n 0.06

unity check =0.42 + 0.31 + 0.06 = 0.79


Macro 1 Member 1 SC450/450/8 St 37 Loadcase 1 1.31

Basic data DIN18800

Material data


ratio

==> Class cross-section : slender section


Internal forces
N -1100.00 kN
Vy 0.00 kN
Vz 0.00 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
My 156.25 kNm
Mz 0.00 kNm

Normal stress check
according to article DIN18800 T2 (707) and formula DIN18800 T1 (38)
Section classification is slender section

Table of values
A eff 13229.70 mm^2
Wy eff 1777830.58 mm^3
Wz eff 2004388.63 mm^3
ey 15.27 mm
ez -0.00 mm

Table of values
Sigma 180.48 MPa
unity check 0.83




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Buckling curve b b
Length 10.00 10.00 m

Slender section check according to DIN18800 T2 / 7.
Calculation effective area properties for El-El (Art.7.3)
with direct method (sigmaD=fy,d) (position = 2.00 m

Table of values
sectional area A' 13229.7 mm^2
Shear area Vy' 6285.7 mm^2 Vz' 6944.0 mm^2
radius of gyration iy' 176.7 mm iz' 184.6 mm
moment of inertia Iy' 412942505.0 mm^4 Iz' 450987429.7 mm^4
elastic section modulus Wy' 1718637.0 mm^3 Wz' 2004388.6 mm^3
Eccentricity eny' 15.3 mm enz' -0.0 mm
Increasing bow imperf woy' 15.3 mm woz' 0.0 mm
Buckling factor k 4.0
Critical ratio b/t 54.2

Buckling check

Table of values
unity check 0.52


Table of values
Beta_m 1.00
delta_n 0.05

unity check =0.52 + 0.42 + 0.05 = 0.99

Shear buckling check
in buckling field 5

Table of values
N -1100.00 kN
My 156.25 kNm
Mz 0.00 kNm
Vy 0.00 kN
Vz 0.00 kN

unity check =1.31 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 1.31

Table of values
a 1.11 m
b 0.43 m
t 8.00 mm
alfa 2.56
sigma_e 64.49 MPa


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Table of values
Psi 1.00
sigma_x 154.08 MPa
tau 0.00 MPa
k_sigma_x 4.00
k_tau 5.95
sigma_x_pi 257.96 MPa
tau_pi 383.74 MPa
lambda_p_sig 0.96
lambda_p_t 0.60
ro -24.22
kappa_x 0.80
kappa_tau 1.00
kappa_k 0.73
sigma_xPRd 127.51 MPa
tau_PRd 125.97 MPa
e1 1.41
e3 1.80



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1.14 PST.06.02 05 : DIN 18800 Steel Code Check Tutorial Frame

Description
Three members (beam, column and a truss beam) of the tutorial project of ESA-Prima win are calculated manually and
compared with the results of EPW.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

[1] Din 18800 : 1990.11 (neu)
Stahlbauten

See the chapter "Manual calculation" for the manual calculation according to this reference.

Result

Member/Macro Manual EPW
member 7 0.24 0.24 0 %
macro 11 0.31
0.71
0.31
0.75 (0.73)
0 %
1.41 %
macro 18 0.44 0.44 (0.49) 0 %


Version

PST060205.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
CVL

Manual calculation

1.14.1 Check of member 7.


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1.14.1.1 Buckling data

First we will discuss the buckling data of this member.

1. System length L : since there are no intermediate restraints on this member the system length L = the full
member length for all buckling modes (L = 6m).
2. The member is loaded through the shear centre.
3. Sway modes: Y-Y: non-sway Z-Z: non-sway.
4. The effective length factors k and k
w
for L.T.B. are taken as 1
(No end-fixity and no special provision for warping fixity).

1.14.1.2 Check of IPE 270 section.
Now, we will discuss the different steps of a section check.

A. Classification of the section

a) Width-to-thickness ratio for webs (using Tab. 18) :

b/t
w
= 219.6 / 6.6 = 33.27

Actually, the web is subjected to bending and tension. But because of the small value of this tensile force (0.20 kN), we
consider bending only. For this case, the maximal ratio for a class-1 (PL-PL) member is 64

Since 33.27 < 64 , the web is a class-1 element.

b) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges (using Tab. 18) :

b/t
f
= (64.2-15)/10.2 = 4.82

Max. ratio for a class-1 section flange subject to compression is 9. Since 6.62 < 9 , the flanges are a class 1 element.

Section IPE270 is a class-1 (PL-PL) section for the stability check.

B. Stability check : Check for L.T.B.

Since this check is the most critical check, we will only perform this check.
Critical check = Ultimate combination 6 on position x=3m.

Combination 4, member 7 on x =3.0 m :

X = 0.20 kN (tension)
M
y
= 14.34 kNm
Z = 2.25 kN (Shear)

Normally, we should perform a check for bending and axial tension, according to Art. 5.5.3 but the program doesnt
take account for the beneficial effect of the tension force.

Using Article T2 (311) and Formula 16 :


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M
k M
y
M pl y d . .
1

Substitution of values :
M
y
= 14.34 kNm

Determination of M
pl.y.d

M
pl.y
= 240 N/mm x 484 cm = 116.16 kNm

M1
= 1.1
M
pl.y.d
= 116.16 / 1.1 = 105.6

Determination of
M
:
Determination of
M,red
=
M
M
pl y
Ki y
.
.

M
pl.y
= 116.16 kNm
Determination of M
ki.y
:

h < 60 cm => Formula 20
M
ki.y
= 50.53 kNm

Or by using formula 19:
M
ki.y
= 71.88 kNm (assumption: z
p
= 0, load in center of gravity)

Note 1: = 1.12

Note 2: c is calculated according to reference (2) :

c
I
l
l
l I
I
z
z t
z
( )
( )
. ( )
=
+

0 0
0 039

where:
0
= warping factor (default-value = 1), analogue to k
w
in EC3
z
= LTB factor (default-value = 1), analogue to k in EC3

M,red
= 1.27 ( > 0.4 => Formula 18)
Formula 18 =>
M
= 0.56

Unity check: = 0.24
Section is o.k.

1.14.2 Check of macro 11


First we will discuss the buckling data of this macro.

1. System length L : the beams on a height of 3m provide restraint to the column :
the system lengths for member 18: L
y
= L
z
= 3 m.
y
= L
z
= 5 m.


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3. Sway modes: Y-Y: non-sway (bracing in roof-plane)
Z-Z: non-sway
w
(No end-fixity and no special provision for warping fixity).

1.14.2.2 2.2. Check of HEB 160 section

A. Classification of the section

a) Width-to-thickness ratio for webs (using Tab. 18) :

b/t
w
= 104 / 8 = 13

On position 0 m. of the beam, the web is subjected to compression only. For this case, the maximal ratio for a class-1
(PL-PL) member is 32.

Since 13 < 32 , the web is a class-1 element.

b) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges (using Tab. 18) :

b/t
f
= (76-15)/13 = 4.69

Max ratio for a class-1 section flange subject to compression is 9. Since 4.69 < 9 , the flanges are a class 1 element.

Section HEB 160 is a class-1 (Pl. - Pl.) section for the stability check.

B. Section check

This check is executed at member 19 on position x = 0 m (start of member 19).

Combination 6 :

X =-69.74 kN (compression)
M
y
= 44.37 kNm
M
z
= -0.67 kNm => Can be neglected.
Z = -8.87 kN (Shear)
Y = 0.13 kN => Can be neglected.

B.1. Normal force check

Using article 756, Bild 18 :

N
Sd
= 69.74 kN
N
pl.d
= A x f
y
/
M

= 5430 mm x 240/1.1 N/mm
= 1184.73 kN

Unity check: 69.74 / 1185 = 0.059 : Section is o.k. for Compression.

B.2. Shear check


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Using article 756, Bild 18 :

V
z.Sd
= 8.87 kN
V
A
f
pl z d
v
y
M
. .
=
|
\
|
3
0

A
v
= h x s
A
v
= 147 x 8 = 1176 mm

V
pl.z.d
= 148.14 kN

Unity check : 8.87/148.14 =0.06 : section is o.k. for shear.

B.3. Combined bending, axial force and shear force check

Using article 757.

Since the small value of M
z
, it is o.k. to neglect M
z
=> only major axis bending.
Using Table 16 :

V
z.sd
/ V
pl.z.d
< 0.33 & N/N
pl.d
< 0.1
So, the only condition to check is M/M
pl.d
1

M
y.Sd
= 44.4 kNm
M
pl.y.d
= 240 N/mm x 354 cm / 1.1 = 77.2 kNm

Unity check: = 0.58

OR, by using Formula 40
M
y
*
= 74.61 kNm
M
y
< M
y
*
=> Formula 41
c
1
= 0.637 x 10
-3

c
2
= 1.011
M
z
/ M
pl.zd

= 0.0189

Formula 41: = 0.308
Section is o.k.

B.4. Stability check for Bending + Compression + L.T.B.

Critical check = Ultimate combination 6 on position x=0m of member 19.


X =-69.74 kN (compression)
M
y
= 44.4 kNm
M
z
= -0.67 kNm => Can be neglected.

Using article Teil 2, 323 and formula 30 :
N
N
M
M
k
M
M
k
z pl d
y
M pl y d
y
z
pl z d
z

. . . . .
+ + 1


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Substitution of values:

1. First term:
N

= 69.74 kN
N
pl.d
= 1184.73 kN
Determination of
z
(Formula 4)
Determination of
,red
:

Kz
= l
z
/i
z

l
z
= L
z
x k
z

(k
z
= buckling factor, calculated by the program)

k
z
= 0.90
L
z
= 500 cm
l
z
= 450 cm

z
= 261/4.05 = 111.11

Kz
= 111.11 / 92.9 = 1.19 > 0.2 => Formula 4b
z
=
1
2
k k
K
+

Determination of k :
= 0.34
k = 1.45

z
= 0.44

First term = 0.134

2. Second term (L.T.B):
M
y
= 44.4 kNm
M
pl.y.d
= 77.2 kNm
Calculation of k
y
: according to Article 320.
k
N
N
a
y
z pl d
y
= 1
.
but k
y
1
a
y Kz M y
= 015 015 . .
.
(but 0.9)

Kz
= 1.19
Calculation of
M y .
:
Using Table 11: with = 0

M y .
= 1.8 0.7 = 1.8
a
y
= 0.171
k
y
= 0.98

Determination of
M
:
Determination of
M,red
=
M
M
pl y
Ki y
.
.

M
pl.y
= 84.9 kNm
Determination of M
ki.y
:

Or by using formula 19:
M
ki.y
= 260.39 kNm (Assumption: z
p
= 0, Load in center of gravity)

Note : c is calculated according to reference (2)


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c
I
l
l
l I
I
z
z t
z
( )
( )
. ( )
=
+

0 0
0 039

where:
0
= warping factor (default-value = 1), analogue to k
w
in EC3

z
= LTB factor (default-value = 1), analogue to k in EC3

M,red
= 0.57 ( > 0.4 => Formula 18)

Formula 18 =>
M
= 0.98

Second term = 0.575

3. Third term:
M
z
= 0.70 0
Third term is neglected since the small value of M
z

4. Unity check:
0.134 + 0.575 = 0.709 < 1

Section HEB 160 is o.k.

1.14.3 Check of macro 18.



1. System length L : for each member :
L
y
= member length = 1m.
L
z
= macrolength / 2 = 6 m. (Lateral restraint by middle-rafter)
L
ltb
= macrolength / 2 = 6 m. (Lateral restraint by middle-rafter)
2. The member is loaded through the shear center.
3. Sway modes: Y-Y: non-sway
Z-Z: non-sway (bracing in roof-plane)
w
(No end fixity and no special provision for warping fixity).

1.14.3.2 Check of T120/120/13 section

A. Cassification of the section

a) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges 1 (using table 5.3.1c of the code) :

c/t
f
= 60/13 = 4.62


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Max ratio for a class-1 section for a rolled flange subject to compression is 10 = 10. Since 4.62 < 10, this flange is a
class 1 element.

b) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges 2 (using table 5.3.1c of the code) :

c/t
f
=120/13 = 9.23

Max ratio for a class-1 section for a rolled flange subject to compression is 10 = 10. Since 9.23 < 10, this flange is a
class 1 element.

Section T120/120/13 is a class-1 section .
Note : Since DIN 18800 gives no formulas for T-sections, we have to classify all T-sections as a Class-3 section.
(This is also done by the program)

B. Stability check : Compression critical buckling check

Critical check = Ultimate combination 1 on position x=0m. of member 46.

X = -38.23 kN (compression)
M
y
= 0.59 kNm => Can be neglected (only induced by the self-weight)
Z = 0.49 kN (Shear)

LTB is neglected, because of the small value of M
y
= 0.59 kNm, induced by the self-weight.

Using Article Teil2, 304 and Formula 3:
N
N
z pl d
.
1
Substitution of values :
N = 38.23 kN
A = 2960 mm
f
y
= 240 N/mm

M
= 1.1
=> N
pl.d
= 645.8 kN
Determination of
z
(Formula 4)
Determination of
,red
:

Kz
= l
z
/i
z

l
z
= L
z
x k
z

(k
z
= buckling factor, calculated by the program)

k
z
= 0.94
L
z
= 600 cm
l
z
= 564 cm

z
= 564/245 = 230.2

Kz
= 230.2 / 92.9 = 2.48 > 0.2 => Formula 4b
z
=
1
2
k k
K
+

Determination of k :
= 0.49
k = 4.13

z
= 0.135

Unity check :


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149
=

0.44

Section is o.k.

Calculation note

Macro 4 Member 7 IPE270 Fe 360 Ult. comb 5 0.25

Basic data DIN18800

Material data
fabrication rolled


ratio



ratio



Internal forces
N 0.20 kN
Vy 0.00 kN
Vz 2.25 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
My 14.34 kNm
Mz -0.00 kNm

Normal force check

Table of values
Npl.d 980.59 kN
unity check 0.00

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values


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Table of values
Vpl.d 211.49 kN
unity check 0.01



Table of values
alfa.pl.y 1.13
alfa.pl.z 1.25
unity check 0.14



LTB check
unity check = 0.25

Table of values
KappaM 0.57
LambdaM_r 1.26
n 2.50
kn 1.00


LTB
LTB length 6.00 m
Betaz 1.00
Beta0 1.00
Ksi 1.12


Macro 11 Member 19 HEB160 Fe 360 Ult. comb 7 0.75

Basic data DIN18800

Material data
fabrication rolled


ratio


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ratio



Internal forces
N -69.74 kN
Vy 0.13 kN
Vz -8.86 kN
Mt -0.00 kNm
My 44.29 kNm
Mz -0.67 kNm

Normal force check

Table of values
Npl.d 1160.05 kN
unity check 0.06

Shear check (Vy)

Table of values
Vpl.d 513.11 kN
unity check 0.00

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Vpl.d 145.05 kN
unity check 0.06



Table of values
alfa.pl.y 1.14
alfa.pl.z 1.25
unity check 0.32





SCIA Software

152
Buckling curve b c
Length 5.00 5.00 m

Buckling check

Table of values
unity check 0.14

LTB check
unity check = 0.60

Table of values
KappaM 0.98
LambdaM_r 0.57
n 2.50
kn 1.00


LTB
LTB length 5.00 m
Betaz 1.00
Beta0 1.00
Ksi 1.77



Table of values
ky 1.01
kz 0.99
ay -0.13
az 0.05
BetaMy 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.14 + 0.59 + 0.02 = 0.75


Table of values
ky 0.98
kz 0.99
ay 0.17
az 0.05
BetaMy 1.80
BetaMz 1.80

unity check =0.14 + 0.58 + 0.02= 0.75


SCIA Software

153
LTB parameters

Table of values
KappaM 0.98
LambdaM_r 0.57
n 2.50
kn 1.00
Lambda_v 73.84
Lambda_vr 0.79
KappaM_v 0.67
ip 0.08 m
c 0.12 m


Macro 18 Member 47 T120/120/13 Fe 360 Ult. comb 6 0.49

Basic data DIN18800

Material data
fabrication rolled


ratio



Internal forces
N -38.33 kN
Vy -0.00 kN
Vz -0.46 kN
Mt -0.00 kNm
My 0.57 kNm
Mz 0.01 kNm

Normal stress check

Table of values
Sigma 26.25 MPa
unity check 0.12

Shear stress check

Table of values


SCIA Software

154
Table of values
tau 0.76 MPa
unity check 0.01



Buckling curve c c
Length 1.00 6.00 m


Buckling check

Table of values
unity check 0.44

LTB check
unity check = 0.05

Table of values
KappaM 0.98
LambdaM_r 0.56
n 2.50
kn 1.00

Mkiy =39.35 kNm

LTB
LTB length 6.00 m


Table of values
ky 0.95
kz 1.14
ay 0.80
az -0.32
BetaMy 1.86
BetaMz 1.79

unity check =0.44 + 0.05 + 0.00 = 0.49


Table of values


SCIA Software

155
Table of values
ky 0.84
kz 1.14
ay 0.36
az -0.32
BetaMy 1.40
BetaMz 1.79

unity check =0.44 + 0.04 + 0.00= 0.49

LTB parameters

Table of values
KappaM 0.98
LambdaM_r 0.56
n 2.50
kn 1.00
Lambda_v 43.46
Lambda_vr 0.46
KappaM_v 0.86
ip 0.04 m
c 0.08 m

Mkiy =39.35 kNm


SCIA Software

156
1.15 PST.06.03 01 : NEN 6770/6771 Steel Code Check

Description
The stability results for beam 5 of EPW are compared with the results given in Ref.[3], 1.5, pp.1.91-1.97

Project data
See the input file.

Reference

[1] Staalconstructies TGB 1990
Basiseisen en basisrekenregels voor overwegend statisch belaste
constructies
NEN 6770, december 1991

[2] Staalconstructies TGB 1990
Stabiliteit
NEN 6771, december 1991

[3] SG Cursus
Rekenen met nieuwe normen
januari 1992

Result

EPW Ref.[3] Diff.
l
eff
[m] 14.8 11.3 23.6 %

kip
0.75 0.75 0 %
unity check 0.47 0.46 2.12 %

The difference in l
eff
is due to the fact that for the calculation of the buckling ratio, EPW does not consider the
occasional restraint in the hinged column foot.


Version

PST060301.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)
NEN 6770/6771 Steel code check (PST.06.03)

Author
CVL


SCIA Software

157
Calculation note

NEN CHECK 6770/6771


Basic data NEN6770/6771
partial safety factor Gamma M0 for resistance of cross-sections = 1.00

Material data
Yield strenght fy;rep 235.00 MPa
Tensile strength ft;rep 360.00 MPa
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK
Width-to-thickness ratio for webs (NEN 6771 Tab.1.a)

ratio


Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges (NEN 6771 Tab.1.c)

ratio



Internal forces
Ns;d -94.21 kN
Vy;s;d 0.00 kN
Vz;s;d 13.08 kN
Mx;s;d 0.00 kNm
My;s;d 0.00 kNm
Mz;s;d 0.00 kNm

Compression check
according to article NEN6770 11.2.2. and formula (11.2-5)

Table of values
Nc;u;d 1713.05 kN
unity check 0.05

Shear check (Vz)
according to article NEN6770 11.2.4. and formula (11.2-10) (11.2-14)

Table of values
Vu;d 557.36 kN
unity check 0.02


SCIA Software

158

STABILITY CHECK

type sway non-sway
Buckling curve a b
Length 5.80 5.80 m

Buckling check
according to article NEN6771 12.1.1.1. and formula (12.1-1a) (12.1-1b)

Table of values
Nc;u;d 1713.05 kN
unity check 0.18

according to article NEN6771 12.3.1.2.1. and formula (12.3-1) (12.3-2)

Table of values
ny 16.32
nz 6.83
chi y 1.00
chi z 1.00
ey* 25.18 mm
ez* 12.78 mm
My2;s;d 75.86 kNm
Mz2;s;d 0.00 kNm
My1;s;d 0.00 kNm
Mz1;s;d 0.00 kNm
My;mid;s;d 37.93 kNm
Mz;mid;s;d 0.00 kNm
My;equ;s;d 64.48 kNm
Mz;equ;s;d 0.00 kNm
My;u;d 240.13 kNm
Mz;u;d 44.95 kNm
Fy;tot;s;d 94.21 kN
Fz;tot;s;d 94.21 kN
Nc;u;d 1713.05 kN
wkip 0.75

unity check = 0.05+0.39+0.00=0.45 (12.3-1)
unity check = 0.05+0.38+0.03=0.47 (12.3-2)

Torsional buckling check for bending and compression
according to article NEN6771 12.3.3. and formula

Table of values
wkip 0.75
unity check 0.05



SCIA Software

159
1.16 PST.06.05 01 : AISC Steel code Check Tutorial Frame

Description
The unity check according to AISC-LRFD of members 4, 7 and macro 18 of the Tutorial Frame project are calculated
manually. The result is compared with the result of ESA-Prima Win LRFD Steel code check.

Project data
See input file.

Reference
Manual of Steel Construction
Load & Resistance Factor Design
Part 6, Specifications and Codes
AISC, Volume I, Second Edition, 1995


Result

4
0.479 0.48 0 %
7
0.22 0.22 0 %
18
0.52 0.52 0 %


Version

PST060501.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)
AISC-LRFD Steel code check (PST.06.05)

Author
NEM/CVL

Manual calculation

1.16.1 Member 4

Section : x = 2.22 m in member 4


SCIA Software

160
Beam type : HEB160
Steel :
e
=235
2
mm
N

Beam length : 5 m

The member is loaded through the shear center. The effective length factors k and k
w

1.16.1.1 Classification of the section (Table B5.1)

a) Widh-to-thickness ratio for webs

The web of member 7 is subjected to flexural compression in section x=3 m. By using table B.5.1, we find :

0 . 20
8
160
t
d
w
= =
Maximum ratio for compact section : 625 . 109
ksi 083 . 34
640
F
640
w , y
= = WEB is COMPACT SECTION

b) With-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges

By using table B.5.1., we find for section x=0 m:
15 . 6
2 . 10
2
160
t
b
f
= =
Maximum ratio for compact section : 13 . 11
ksi 083 . 34
65
F
65
w , y
= = FLANGES are COMPACT SECTION

The HEB 160 section is a COMPACT SECTION section.

1.16.1.2 Buckling parameters (Art. E.2.)

The formulas used to calculate the slenderness and reduced slenderness in LRFD are the same as in Eurocode 3.

A
I
L
i
L
y
y
y
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
571 . 123
A
I
L
i
L
z
z
z
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
9 . 93 9 . 93
f
E
y
1
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. EC3)

Section 1 CLASS 1
A
= (Using Art.5.5.1.1. (1) EC3)

N
f A
A
1
y
cr
y A
y
=
=

= (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)


SCIA Software

161
315 . 1
N
f A
A
1
z
cr
y A
z
=
=

= (Using Art.5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)

1.16.1.3 Normal force (Art. E.1)

The design strength for flexural buckling of compression in member 4 is calculated as following :

we have: 85 . 0
c
=
N 95 . 113 F 658 . 0 F
y cr
2
c
= |
\
|
=

N 5 . 618748 10 43 . 5 95 . 113 A F P
3
g cr n
= = =
Unity Check : 1 10 62 . 1
5 . 618748 85 . 0
41 . 8560
P
P
2
n c
u
=
Section OK for tension

1.16.1.4 Torsional buckling (Art.Appendix E.3.)

The checking of member 4 of macro 2 for lateral torsional-buckling and flexural-torsional buckling is made in the
following way:

85 . 0
c
=

6 10
ESA , w w
mm 10 807236 . 4 I C = =

4 7
ESA , y x
mm 10 49 . 2 I I = =
4 6
ESA , z y
mm 10 89 . 8 I I = =

4 5
ESA , t
mm 10 14 . 3 I J = =

( )
N 33 . 868
I I
1
J G
l K
C E
F
y x
2
z
w
2
e
=
+
|
|
\
|
+

=
Equivalent slenderness: 52 . 0
F
F
e
y
e
= =
Nominal critical stress:
2 y
Q
cr
mm
N
85 . 209 F 658 . 0 Q F
2
e
= |
\
|
=

with 1 Q = and 5 . 1 Q
e

Nominal resistance in compression: N 31 . 1139504 F A P
cr g n
= =
P
P
3
n c
u
=

Section OK for LTB

1.16.1.5 Strong axis bending (Art.F1)

Using Article F1.2a Design for Flexure :

DETERMINATION OF L
B
:

The laterally unsupported length of the compression flange: L
b
= 5 m

DETERMINATION OF L
P
(Formula F1-4):


SCIA Software

162
mm 23 . 2079 in 593 . 1
F
r 300
L
yf
y
p
= =
=
with mm 40.46 in 593 . 1
A
I
r
ESA , z
y
= = =
ksi 34.08 F
yf
=

Since L
b
> L
p
we can use Article F1.2. of LRFD code. Using Lateral-torsional buckling rules, we see that we have to
determine the flexural design strength
b
M
n
where:

Reduction factor
b
= 0.90

M
n
= nominal strength

DETERMINATION OF L
R
: (Formula F1-6) mm 16 . 13382 in 85 . 526 F X 1 1
F
X r
L
2
L 2
L
1 y
r
= = + + = with:
F
L
= 24.08 ksi
Determination of X
1
:(Formula F1-8):
2
x
1
mm
N
43 . 38412 329 . 5571
2
EGJA
S
X = =
=
S
x
:
3 5
ESA
y,
mm 10 11 . 3 n i 978 . 18 W = =
J :
4 4 5
ESA
t,
in 0.7543 mm 10 14 . 3 I = =
E : modulus of elasticity of steel =
2
mm
N
210000 ksi 30457.92 =
G : Shear modulus of elasticity =
2
mm
N
80769.2 ksi 11200 =
A : in 8.416 mm 10 5.43
3
=

Determination of X
2
:
(Formula F1-9):

2
4
6 4
2
x
y
w
2
N
mm
10 247 . 3 10 546 . 1
GJ
S
I
C
4 X

= = |
\
|
=

4 4 6
ESA z, y
in 21.35 mm 10 8.89 I I = = =
C
w
= Warping constant =
6 6 10
w
in 179.016 mm 10 .8 4 I = =

Since L
b
< L
r
, we use Article F1.2b. to determine the critical value of the moment:

M
n
= M
cr
M
p

DETERMINATION OF M
N
:(Formula F1-3) ( ) Nmm 24 . 84048021
L L
L L
M M M C
p r
p b
r p p b
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|

where Nmm 83190000 10 54 . 3 235 W F Z F M
5
yESA , pl y y p
= = = =
( ) Nmm 5 . 51661885 10 11 . 3 115 . 166 W F , 10 F min S F M
5
yESA , el yw yf x L r
= = = =

Determination of C
b
: Modification factor for non-uniform moment diagram (Formula F1-3):

12 . 1
M 3 M 4 M 3 M 5 . 2
M 5 . 12
C
C B A max
max
b
=
+ + +
= with

Nm 32 . 35115 M
max
=


SCIA Software

163
Nm 58 . 32819 M
A
=
Nm 93 . 22816 M
C
= (Absolute value of moment at and of the unbraced segment)
Nmm 3 . 34077 M
B
= (Absolute value at centreline of the unbraced segment)

The nominal flexural strength M
N
is the lowest value obtained according to the limit state of yielding, lateral torsional
buckling and flange local buckling. In the present situation, M
N
=M
p
.
Unity check : 1 469 . 0
9 . 0 83190
11 . 35189
M
M
n b
ux
=
=

SECTION IS OK

1.16.1.6 Weak axis bending (Art.F1)

The introduction of LRFD Chapter F specifies that lateral-torsional buckling limit state is not applicable to members
subjected to bending about the minor axis. We just have to perform yielding control following Art. F1.1.

where Nmm 39950000 10 7 . 1 235 W F Z F M
5
zESA , pl y y p
= = = =

Unity check : 1 10 61 . 1
9 . 0 39950
97 . 57
M
M
3
n b
uy
=
SECTION IS OK

1.16.1.7 Shear stress (Art. A-F2.2. and F2.)

Web Area:
2
w w w
mm 832 8 104 t h A = = =
Ratio: 260 13
8
104
t
h
w
= = and 27 . 27
F
k
187
t
h
yw
v
w
= with 5 k
v
=
We find: N 117312 235000000 000832 . 0 6 . 0 F A 6 . 0 V
yw w n
= = =
9 . 0
v
=

V
V
2
n v
u
=

Section OK for Shear Stress

1.16.1.8 Shear Stress Check (Art. H2.)

For member under combined torsion, flexure, shear, and axial force, we have:

Shear stress given by ESA-Prima Win :
2 uv
m
N
29 . 1678698 f =

Unity Check: 1 10 32 . 1
F 6 . 0
f
2
y
uv
=

with 9 . 0 =

1.16.1.9 Combined stresses (Art.H1.1.)

Following Art. H1.1. of LRFD, we have, for a symmetric member in flexure and tension, the following check to
perform:
N 20 . 618232 ) LTB P ; buckling P min( P
n n n
= =


SCIA Software

164
Unity Check : 479 . 0
M
M
M
M
P 2
P
2 . 0
P
P
ny b
y , u
nx b
x , u
n
u
n n
u
=
|
|
\
|

+
+

Section OK

1.16.2 Member 7

Section : x = 3 m
Beam type : IPE270
Steel :
e
=235
2
mm
N

Beam length : 6 m

w
for L.T.B. are taken as 1 (No end



The web of member 7 is subjected to flexural compression in section x=3 m. By using table B.5.1, we find:

909 . 40
6 . 6
270
t
d
w
= =
Maximum ratio for compact section: 625 . 109
ksi 083 . 34
640
F
640
w , y
= = WEB is COMPACT SECTION
b) With-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges

By using table B.5.1., we find for section x=0 m:

61 . 6
2 . 10
2
135
t
b
f
= =
ksi 083 . 34
65
F
65
w , y
= = FLANGES are COMPACT SECTION

The IPE 270 section is a COMPACT SECTION.

1.16.2.2 Normal force (Art. D.1)

The design strength of tension in member 7 is calculated as following :

For yielding in gross section : 9 . 0
t
=
1078650 10 59 . 4 235 A F P
3
g y n
= = =
1078650 9 . 0
28 . 177
P
P
4
n t
u
=

1.16.2.3 Strong axis bending (Art.F1)


SCIA Software

165
Using Article F1.2a Design for Flexure :

DETERMINATION OF L
B
:

b
= 6 m

DETERMINATION OF L
P
(Formula F1-4):

mm 39 . 1554 in 19 . 61
F
r 300
L
yf
y
p
= =
=
with in 1.19 cm 30.2 r
y
= =
ksi 34.08 N/mm 235 F
y
= =

Since L
b
> L
p
we can use Article F1.2. of LRFD code. Using Lateral-torsional buckling rules, we see that we have to
determine the flexural design strength
b
M
n
where:

Reduction factor
b
= 0.90

M
n
= nominal strength

DETERMINATION OF L
R
: (Formula F1-6) mm 05 . 5521 in 36 . 217 F X 1 1
F
X r
L
2
L 2
L
1 y
r
= = + +
= with:
F
L
= 24.08 ksi
Determination of X
1
:(Formula F1-8):
2
x
1
mm
N
80 . 18275 68 . 2650
2
A J G E
S
X = =

=
S
x
:
3 5
ESA
y,
mm 10 4.29 n i 179 . 26 W = =
J : in4 0.383 mm 10 1.6 I
4 5
ESA
t,
= =
E : modulus of elasticity of steel =
2
mm
N
210000 ksi 30457.92 =
G : Shear modulus of elasticity =
2
mm
N
23 . 80769 ksi 11200 =
A : in 7.12 mm 10 4.59
3
=

Determination of X
2
:
(Formula F1-9):

2
4
5 3
2
x
y
w
2
N
mm
10 48 . 7 10 556 . 3
J G
S
I
C
4 X

= =
|
|
\
|
=

4 4 6
ESA z, y
in 10.09 mm 10 4.2 I I = = =
C
w
= Warping constant =
6 6 10
w
in 265.42 mm 10 .127 7 I = =

Since L
b
> L
r
, we use Article F1.2b. to determine the critical value of the moment:

M
n
= M
cr
M
p

DETERMINATION OF M
CR
:(Formula F1-13) Nmm 30 . 73427747
r
L
2
X X
1
r
L
2 X S C
M M
2
y
b
2
2
1
y
b
1 x b
n cr
=
|
\
|

+

= =


SCIA Software

166

Determination of C
b
: Modification factor for non-uniform moment diagram(Formula F1-3):
1467 . 1
M 3 M 4 M 3 M 5 . 2
M 5 . 12
C
C B A max
max
b
=
+ + +
= with

Nmm 10 15 . 1 M
7
max
=
Nmm 10 1 . 1 M M
7
C A
= = (Absolute value of moment at and of the unbraced segment)
Nmm 10 5 . 1 M
7
B
= (Absolute value at centreline of the unbraced segment)

9 . 0 30 . 73427747
76 . 14905676
M
M
n b
u
=
=

SECTION IS O.K.

1.16.2.4 Shear stress (Art.F2. and A-F2.2.)

Web Area:
2
w w
mm 1782 6 . 6 270 t d A = = =
Ratio: 260 27 . 33
6 . 6
6 . 219
t
h
w
= = and 11 . 34
F
523
t
h
26 . 27
F
418
yw
w
yw
= =
We find: N 57 . 205911
t
h
F
418
F A 6 . 0
V
w
yw
yw w
n
=
|
\
|

=
9 . 0
v
=

60 . 185335
05 . 2400
V
V
n v
u
= =

Section OK for Shear Stress

1.16.2.5 Shear stress (Art. H2.)


Shear stress given by ESA-PRIMAWIN:
2 uv
mm
N
52 . 1 f =

F
f
3
y
uv
=

with 9 . 0 =

1.16.2.6 Combined stresses (Art.H1.1.)

perform :

M
M
M
M
P 2
P
2 . 0
P
P
ny b
y , u
nx b
x , u
n
u
n n
u
=
|
|
\
|

+
+

Section OK


SCIA Software

167
1.16.3 Macro 18

Section : x=0 m in member 47
Beam type : T120/120/13
Steel :
e
=235
2
mm
N

Beam lengths : L
y
= member length = 1 m
L
z
= macro length divided by 2 = 6m(Lateral restraint by middle-rafter)
L
LTB
= macro length divided by 2 = 6m(Lateral restraint by middle-rafter)

Sway mode : Y-Y non-sway Z-Z non-sway

w


a) Width-to-thickness ratio for Legs

The web of member 47 is subjected to flexural compression in section x=0 m. By using table B.5.1, we find:

61 . 4
13
2
120
t
b
w
= =
ksi 083 . 34
76
F
76
w , y
= = LEG is NON-COMPACT SECTION

The T120/120/13 section is a NON-COMPACT SECTION.

1.16.3.2 Buckling parameter (Art. E.2.)

The formulas used to calculate the slenderness and reduced slenderness in LRFD are the same as in Eurocode 3.
9 . 93 9 . 93
f
E
y
1
= = = (Using Art.5.5.1.2. EC3)
A
I
L
i
L
y
y
y
y
= = = (Using Article 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
673 . 244
A
I
L
i
L
z
z
z
z
= = = (Using Article 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
Section 3 CLASS 1
A
= (Using Article 5.5.1.1. (1) EC3)
N
f A
A
1
y
cr
y A
y
=
=

= (Using Art. 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)
605 . 2
N
f A
A
1
z
cr
y A
z
=
=

= (Using Art. 5.5.1.2. (1) EC3)


SCIA Software

168
1.16.3.3 Normal force (Art. D.1)

The design strength for flexural buckling of compression in member 47 is calculated as follows :

we have : 85 . 0
c
=
N 37 . 30 F
877 . 0
F
y
2
c
cr
=
|
|
\
|
=
N 69 . 89896 10 96 . 2 37 . 30 A F P
3
g cr n
= = =
69 . 89896 85 . 0
69 . 35437
P
P
n c
u
=
=


1.16.3.4 Torsional buckling (Art.Appendix E.3.)

The checking of member 47 of macro 18 for lateral torsional-buckling and flexural-torsional buckling is made in the
following way:

85 . 0
c
=

6
ESA , w w
mm 0 I C = =

4 6
ESA , y x
mm 10 66 . 3 I I = =
4 6
ESA , z y
mm 10 78 . 1 I I = =

4 5
ESA , t
mm 10 834 . 1 I J = =
Co-ordinate of shear centre with respect to centroid: 0 x
0
= and mm 59 . 27 y
0
=
98 . 50
A
I I
y x r
y x 2
0
2
0
2
0
=
+
+ + =
707 . 0
r
y x
1 H
2
0
2
0
2
0
=
|
|
\
|
+
=
762 . 2562
r
L k
E
F
2
x
x x
2
ex
=
|
\
|

=
43 . 34
r
L k
E
F
2
y
y y
2
ey
=
|
\
|

=

( )
283 . 1921
r A
1
J G
l k
C E
F
2
0
2
LTB z
w
2
ez
=
|
|
\
|
+

=
Equivalent slenderness: 349 . 0
F
F
ez
y
e
= =
Nominal critical stress:
2 y
Q
cr
mm
N
27 . 223 F 658 . 0 Q F
2
e
= |
\
|
=

with 1 Q = and 5 . 1 Q
e

Nominal resistance in compression: N 21 . 660885 F A P
cr g n
= =
Unity Check : 1 10 308 . 6
P
P
2
n c
u
=

Section OK for LTB

1.16.3.5 Strong axis bending check (Art.F1.2c)

Using Article F1.2c Design for Flexure :


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DETERMINATION OF L
B
:

b
= 6 m

DETERMINATION OF M
N
:(Formula F1-13)

Nm 62 . 9905
W F S F M , Nm 62 . 9905 B 1 B
L
J G I E
min M M
elESA , y y x y r
2
b
y
cr n
=
|
|
|
\
|
= = =
|
\
|
+ +

= =

with 120mm 4.72in d with 143 . 0
J
I
L
d
3 . 2 B
y
b
= = =
|
|
\
|
=
9 . 0 62 . 9905
24 . 553
M
M
n b
ux
=
=

SECTION is O.K.

1.16.3.6 Weak axis bending (Art.F1.1.)

The introduction of LRFD Chapter F specifies that lateral-torsional buckling limit state is not applicable to members
subjected to bending about the minor axis. We just have to perform yielding control following Art. F1.1. We remark
that, for non-compact section, its more useful to calculate M
p
with W
z,elESA
.

where Nm 69 . 7004 W F Z F M M
zESA , el y y p n
= = = =

Unity check : 1 10 41 . 3
9 . 0 69 . 7004
5 . 21
M
M
3
n b
uy
=
SECTION IS OK

1.16.3.7 Shear Stress (Art. H2.)

Shear stress given by ESA-Prima Win :
2 uv
mm
N
83 . 0 f =
F
f
3
y
uv
=

with 9 . 0 =

1.16.3.8 Combined Stresses (Art.H1.1.)

perform :

( ) N 43 . 89874 P , P min P
LTB , n buckling , n n
= =
M
M
M
M
9
8
P 2
P
2 . 0
P
P
ny b
y , u
nx b
x , u
n
u
n n
u
=
|
|
\
|

+
+

Section OK


AISC - LRFD Check


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Macro 2 Member 4 HEB160 Fe 360 Ult. comb 6 0.48

Material data
Yield stress Fy 235.00 MPa
Tensile stress Fu 360.00 MPa
fabrication rolled

Cfr. Table B5.1. ratio Compact Non-compact
Webs 20.00 107.08 166.15
Outstanding flanges 6.15 11.13 28.73

Section is classified as compact section.

Section is checked as compact section.


Axis definition :
- local x- axis in this code check is referring to the local y axis in EPW
- local y- axis in this code check is referring to the local z axis in EPW

Internal forces
Pu -8.55 kN
Vux 0.02 kN
Vuy -1.85 kN
Mut -0.00 kNm
Mux 35.23 kNm
Muy -0.06 kNm

Buckling parameters xx yy
Length 5.00 5.00 m

Buckling check
according to article E2 and formula (E2-1)

Table of values
Pn 618.23 kN
Pu 8.55 kN
Fcr 113.85 MPa
Resistance factor 0.85
unity check 0.02

Torsional buckling check
according to article A-E3. and formula (A-E3-1)

Table of values
Pn 1139.42 kN
Pu 8.55 kN
Fe 868.53 MPa
Equiv.slenderness 0.52
unity check 0.01


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171

LTB data
Lb 5.00 m
Cb 1.12

Strong axis bending check
according to article F1.2a and formula (F1-2)

Table of values
Lr 13.38 m
Lp 2.08 m
Mp 83.19 kNm
Mr 51.83 kNm
Mcr 165.19 kNm
Mn 83.19 kNm
Mu 35.23 kNm
unity check 0.47

Weak axis bending check
according to article F1. and formula -

Table of values
Mn 39.27 kNm
Mu 0.06 kNm
unity check 0.00

Shear stress check
according to article A-F2.2. and formula (A-F2-1)
in buckling field 1

Table of values
a 5.00 m
h 0.10 m
tw 8.00 mm
kv 5.00
Vn 117.31 kN
Vu -1.85 kN
unity check 0.02

Shear stress check
according to article H2.(b) and formula (H2-2)

Table of values
fuv 1.70 MPa
unity check 0.01

Combined stresses check
according to article H1.2. and formula (H1-1b)

Table of values
Pn 618.23 kN
Mnx 83.19 kNm
Mny 39.27 kNm
Pu 8.55 kN
Mux 35.23 kNm
Muy 0.06 kNm
Res. factor compression 0.85
Res. factor flexure 0.90


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unity check = 0.01+0.47+0.00=0.48 (H1-1b)




Material data
fabrication rolled

Webs 40.91 109.62 166.15
Outstanding flanges 6.62 11.13 28.73

Section is classified as compact section.

Section is checked as compact section.


Axis definition :

Internal forces
Pu 0.18 kN
Vux 0.00 kN
Vuy 2.40 kN
Mut 0.00 kNm
Mux 14.91 kNm
Muy -0.00 kNm

Normal force check
according to article D1 and formula (D1-1)

Table of values
Pn 1078.65 kN
Pu 0.18 kN
unity check 0.00

LTB data
Lb 6.00 m
Cb 1.15

according to article F1.2b and formula (F1-12)

Table of values
Lr 5.52 m
Lp 1.55 m
Mp 113.74 kNm
Mr 71.49 kNm
Mcr 74.23 kNm


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Table of values
Mn 74.23 kNm
Mu 14.91 kNm
unity check 0.22

Shear stress check
according to article A-F2.2. and formula (A-F2-1)
in buckling field 1

Table of values
a 6.00 m
h 0.22 m
tw 6.60 mm
kv 5.00
Vn 204.36 kN
Vu 2.40 kN
unity check 0.01

Shear stress check

Table of values
fuv 1.52 MPa
unity check 0.01

according to article H1.1. and formula (H1-1b)

Table of values
Pn 1078.65 kN
Mnx 74.23 kNm
Mny 22.00 kNm
Pu 0.18 kN
Mux 14.91 kNm
Muy 0.00 kNm
Res. factor tension 0.90

unity check = 0.00+0.22+0.00=0.22 (H1-1b)




Material data
fabrication rolled

Outstanding flanges 4.62 - 13.02

Section is classified as non-compact section.


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Section is checked as non-compact section.


Axis definition :

Internal forces
Pu -35.48 kN
Vux -0.00 kN
Vuy -0.44 kN
Mut -0.01 kNm
Mux 0.55 kNm
Muy 0.02 kNm

Length 1.00 6.00 m


Buckling check
according to article E2 and formula (E2-1)

Table of values
Pn 89.87 kN
Pu 35.48 kN
Fcr 30.36 MPa
unity check 0.46

Torsional buckling check
according to article A-E3. and formula (A-E3-1)

Table of values
Pn 89.61 kN
Pu 35.48 kN
Fe 34.52 MPa
Equiv.slenderness 2.61
unity check 0.47

LTB data
Lb 6.00 m
Cb 4.04

according to article F1.2c and formula (F1-15)

Table of values
Mcr 9.91 kNm
Mn 9.91 kNm
Mu 0.55 kNm


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Table of values
unity check 0.06

Weak axis bending check
according to article F1. and formula -

Table of values
Mn 7.00 kNm
Mu -0.02 kNm
unity check 0.00

Shear stress check

Table of values
fuv 0.82 MPa
unity check 0.01

according to article H1.2. and formula (H1-1a)

Table of values
Pn 89.61 kN
Mnx 9.91 kNm
Mny 7.00 kNm
Pu 35.48 kN
Mux 0.55 kNm
Muy -0.02 kNm
Res. factor compression 0.85

unity check = 0.47+8/9(0.06+0.00) =0.52 (H1-1a)



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1.17 PST.06.06 01 : CM 66 Steel Code Check Tutorial Frame

Description
The unity check according to CM 66 of members 3, 7 and 46 of the Tutorial Frame project are calculated manually.
The result is compared with the result of ESA-Prima Win CM66 Steel code check.

Project data
See input file.

Reference
Rgles de calcul des constructions en acier
ITBTP / CTICM
Rgles CM Dcembre 1966
Editions Eyrolles 1982


Result

3
0.392 0.4 0 %
7
0.379 0.38 0 %
46
0.426 0.43 0 %


Version

PST060601.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)
CM66 Steel code check (PST.06.06)

Author
NEM/CVL

Manual calculation
1.17.1 Member 3



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Section : x=0 m
Beam Type : HEA180
Steel :
e
=235
2
mm
N

Beam Length : 3 m

The member is loaded through the shear centre. We choose the ultimate loading case to compute and to verify the
tutorial TUTCM66.epw. We must note capital letters are used to indicate ESA-Prima Win axis and small letter CM 66
axis.

1.17.1.1 Section Check

A. Calculation of the plastic factor (Art.3,212-13,212)

Using the table and figure 13,212 for H profile and Art.3,212 we have the following plastic factor :

x
=1.06 (figure)
y
=1.185 (table)

B. Normal Stress (Art.1,3-3,3)

The member is subjected to the following internal forces

X=-4861.09 N M
X
=-0.92Nm
Y=-17.9 N M
Y
=0 Nm
Z=24198.37N M
T
=-1.2Nm
A
n
= 0.00453 m
2

By converting these internal forces according to the CM66 axis, we have

N=-4861.09 N M
x
=-0.92 Nm

T
y
=-17.9 N M
y
=0 Nm
T
z
=24198.37 N M
t
=-1.2 Nm

Normal Stress (Art.1,312) :
2
net
N/m 3 . 1073088
00453 . 0
09 . 4861
A
N
= = =

235000000
3 . 1073088
3
e
= =

Section OK for Normal force

Simple Bending (Art.3,2)

The stresses due to the simple bending in the critical section x=0 in x&y direction are :

2
y
y
yy
y
2
x
x
xx
x
m
N
0
W
M
m
N
81 . 3147
000294 . 0
925 . 0
W
M
=
=
=
=


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178
235000000
11 . 1076236
3
e
fy fx
= =
+ +
Section OK

B. Shear Stress (Art.1,3-3,3)

The shear stress due to Y=-37.82N,Z=31960.09N and Mt=-0.002Nm is calculate by (Art.3,31) :

2 t Center Shear , z Center Shear , y Center Shear
2
7
w
t
t
t
2
5 3
4
x a
xx z
Center Shear , z
Center Shear , y
m
N
27 . 26078441
m
N
14 . 48322
10 49 . 1
006 . 0 2 . 1
t
I
M
m
N
12 . 26030119
10 51 . 2 10 6
10 62 . 1 37 . 24198
I e
S T
0
= + + =
=

= =
=

=
=
=

54 . 1
e
=

Section OK for shear stress

1.17.1.2 Stability Check

A. Buckling Data (Art.3,401)

The buckling parameters for members 3 subjected to compression are described in Art.3,401 and Art.3,411:

Bulking length:

L
x
= 1.8 m k
xx
=0.6
L
y
= 2.1 m k
yy
=0.7

Slenderness parameters:

48 . 46
i
L
19 . 24
i
L
y
y
y
x
x
x
= = = =

Euler critical loads and stresses:

m
N
079 . 959674558
A
N

m
N
63 . 3544455672
A
N
N 748 . 4347325
L
I E
N N 19 . 16056384
L
I E
N
2
n
cry
ky 2
n
crx
kx
2
y
2
cry
2
x
2
crx
y x
= = = =
=

= =

=

Coefficients for Critical State:

1
3 . 1
1
k 1
3 . 1
1
k
31 . 894 04 . 3303
y
y
1y
x
x
x 1
ky
y
kx
x
=

= =

=
=
= =
=

Buckling coefficients:


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179
b

e
a
e
f
Fig. 2
b

e
e
f
Fig. 1
0946 . 1 65 . 0 5 . 0 65 . 0 5 . 0 k
0212 . 1 65 . 0 5 . 0 65 . 0 5 . 0 k
ky
e
2
ky
e
ky
e
y
kx
e
2
kx
e
kx
e
x
=
|
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
\
|
+ =
=
|
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
\
|
+ =

B. Buckling Check (Art.3,411-3,441)

B.1. Compression of full section beam (Art.3,44)

The method used in Art.3,411 to control the bucking phenomena is applicable to slender section only if the ratio width-
to-thickness respected the rules presented in Art.3,441. We hall verify this rules both for the flanges and the web of the
concerned section.

Slenderness 75 401 . 66 and 75 3 . 40
y x
= = (Art.3,441)

Flange: Outstand Element (Fig. 1): b = 0.087 m
e
f
= 0.0095 m
We verify 1587 . 15
240
15 1578 . 9
e
b
e
=
=

Web: Internal Element (Fig.2): b = 0.152
e
a
=0.006

We verify 47 . 45
240
45 33 . 25
e
b
e
=
=

As we can see, we can apply the buckling check for this slender section as a full
section. The unity check for compression is:

Unity Check :
( )
1 10 99 . 4
k , k max
3
e
y x
=
Buckling Check OK in compression

B.2. Section subjected to compression and bending in the bucking direction (Art.3,5)

The member 3 is subjected to several loads in the same direction. So, we apply the Art.3,516 to calculate the
amplification coefficient of the stress flexion. We note that A
M
and M
med
are respectively the surface under the moment
distribution and the moment in the middle of the buckling length.

0017 . 1
3 . 1
l M
A
1 72 . 1 25 . 0
k
x
2
medx
Mx
x
fx
=

|
|
\
|
+
= with A
Mx
=61794.45m
2
and M
medx
=24291.99 Nm

994 . 0
3 . 1
l M
A
1 72 . 1 25 . 0
k
y
2
medy
My
y
fy
=

|
|
\
|
+
= with A
My
=80.56m
2
and M
medy
=26.85 Nm

We consider that
fx&y
, described in Art.3,730, design the greater value of all the sections in the member submitted to a
simple bending around x&y axis.


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180

2
4
fy
y
max yy
fy
2
fx
x
max xx
fx
m
N
58 . 438198
10 03 . 1
19 . 1
71 . 53
W
M
m
N
72 . 90680780
000294 . 0
07 . 1
36 . 28526
W
M
=
=
= =

C. LTB Check (Art.3,6)

First, we have to calculate the LTB data described in Art.3,611 and Art.3,641-642-643. The coefficients B, C, D
included in the k
d
and
d
expressions are calculated in the following way:

The B coefficient (Art.3,643) is function of the load applied to the member. As we can see, the moment
distribution in member 3 corresponds to the moment appearing in the case of uniform loads. On one side of this
member, the moment equals 0. Using the table presented in Art. 3,643-21, we have, for loads applied to the shear
center: B=1

The C coefficient (Art.3,642-21) depends on the repartition of the loads on the member. In this case, we
consider a uniform load:1.132 C=1.74391.88

The D coefficient is calculate with the following expression:

33147 . 1
h
l
I
J
E
G 4
1 D
2
2
y
2
=
+ =

with
( )
2
m
N
2 . 9 8076923076
1 2
E
G =
+
= J=1.49 10
-7
m
4
h=0.171m

The member 3 is not subjected to loads between the supports, so that we use Art.3,611:

( )
e 2
2
2
x
y
2
d
m
N
499 . 275892423 C B 1 D
l
h
I
I
2 . 5
E
=

= LTB Check is not necessary

D. Shear Buckling Check (Art.5,212)

To prevent any risk of shear buckling, we have to control the relation Art.5,212-3 where h
a
represents the free height of
the web between the flanges, e
a
the width of the web, the normal stress in the critical section, d the distance between
the stiffeners (here the length of the beam) and r
a
the rounding between web and flange. In this case, we have:

N 37 . 24198 T
m 006 . 0 e
m 122 . 0 r 2 t 2 h h
y
a
a f
'
a
=
=
= =

The distance from the shear center to the two extreme fibers is:
'
y f y
v 061 . 0 r t
2
h
v = = =
The normal stress taking as the maximum of two following values and the shear stress are:


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181
( )
2
'
a a
y
y
2 2 1
2
5
z
zz '
z
y
yy
'
y 0 x , 2
2
5
z
zz
z
y
yy
y 0 x , 1
m
N
51 . 33057882
h e
T
m
N
15 . 1075324 , max
m
N
44 . 1070852 0 . 0
10 51 . 2
92 . 0
061 . 0
00391 . 0
09 . 4861
I
M
v
I
M
v
A
N
m
N
15 . 1075324 0 . 0
10 51 . 2
92 . 0
061 . 0
00453 . 0
09 . 4861
I
M
v
I
M
v
A
N
=
=
=
= +
= + + =
= +
+ = + + =
=

Considering that the beam is equipped with web stiffeners to improve the security, we have the following unity check to
control:

Unity Check : 1 10 24 . 1 10
h
e 1000
015 . 0
d 4
h 3
1
7
3 14
4
'
a
a
2
2
2 '
a
y
2
=
|
|
\
|

|
|
|
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|

Shear bucking check OK

E. Combined Moment & Normal Forces (Art.3,731)

Following the Art.3,731, we calculate the unity check for combined moment and normal forces, taking into account that
fx&y
design the greater stresses due to simple flexion (Art.3,730).

Buckling in the x direction:

k k k k
e
fx d fx fy fy y 1
=
+ +
OK
Buckling in the y direction:

k k k k
e
fx d fx fy fy x 1
=
+ +
OK


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182
1.17.2 Member 7

Section : x = 0 m
Beam Type : IPE 240
Steel :
e
=235
2
mm
N

Beam length : 6 m
Sway modes : Y-Y sway Z-Z non-sway

The member is loaded through the shear centre. We must note capital letters are used to indicate ESA-Prima Win axis
and small letter CM 66 axis.



Using the table and the figure 13,212 for I profile and Art.3,212 we have the following plastic factor :

x
=1.06 (figure)
y
=1.185 (table)


The member is subjected to a normal force X=-2527,4939 N and a shear force Z=8615.80 N in the X=0 m section,
considering that the moment approaches 0 precision.

X=-2527.5 N
Z=8615.80 N
A
n
= 0.00391 m
2

Normal Stress (Art.1,312):
2
net
N/m 43 . 646419
00391 . 0
5 . 2527
A
N
=
= =

235000000
34 . 646437
3
e
= =



The stress due to the simple bending in the critical section x=0 equal zero, therefor:

e
y
fy
e
x
fx
=
Section OK for simple bending

C. Shear Stress (Art.1,3-3,3)

The shear stress due to Y=8615.80 N is calculate by (Art.3,31):

2
5 3
4
x a
x
z
m
N
26 . 6586725
10 89 . 3 10 2 . 6
10 83 . 1 80 . 8615
I e
S T
=

=


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183
54 . 1
2
e
z
=


A. Bucking Data (Art.3,401)

We consider that
fx&y
, described in Art.3,730, design the greater value of all the sections in the member submitted to a
simple bending around x&y axis. Moreover, we get the normal tension X to 0, the program doesnt taking account for
the beneficial effect of tension forces.

0
W
M
m
N
8 . 44389482
10 24 . 3
0591 . 1
18 . 15232
W
M
fy
y
max yy
fy
2
4
fx
x
max xx
fx
=
=

The buckling parameters for members subjected to compression are described in Art.3,401:

Bulking length (calculate by EC3): L
x
= 6 m k
xx
=1
L
y
= 6 m k
yy
=1

Slenderness parameters: 6345 . 222
i
L
1564 . 60
i
L
y
y
y
x
x
x
= = = =

m
N
43 . 41817505
A
N

m
N
64 . 572782028
A
N
N 44 . 163506
L
I E
N N 73 . 2239577
L
I E
N
2
n
cry
ky 2
n
crx
kx
2
y
2
cry
2
x
2
crx
= = = =
=

= =

=


6891 . 64 05 . 886
ky
y
kx
x
=
= =
= (due to N=0)

0047 . 1
3 . 1
1
k 0003 . 1
3 . 1
1
k
y
y
1y
x
x
x 1
=

= =

=

5624 . 7 65 . 0 5 . 0 65 . 0 5 . 0 k
188 . 1 65 . 0 5 . 0 65 . 0 5 . 0 k
ky
e
2
ky
e
ky
e
y
kx
e
2
kx
e
kx
e
x
=
|
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
\
|
+ =
=
|
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
\
|
+ =




SCIA Software

184
to-thickness respected the rules presented in Art.3,441. We shall verify this rules both for the flange and the web of the
concerned section.

Slenderness 75 1564 . 60
x
= (Art.3,441)
e
f
= 0.0098 m

We verify 1587 . 15
240
15 806 . 5
e
b
e
=
=

e
a
=0.00619

We verify 47 . 45
240
45 6058 . 35
e
b
e
=
=

Slenderness
y
=222.62 75 (Art.3,442):

e
f
= 0.0098 m

We verify 995 . 44
240
75
15 806 . 5
e
b
e
=
=

e
a
=0.00619

We verify 985 . 134
240
75
45 6058 . 35
e
b
e
=
=

As we can see, we can apply the buckling check for this section as a full section. The unity check for compression is:

Unity Check :
( )
1 10 08 . 2
k , k max
2
e
y x
=


M
and M
med

=

|
|
\
|
+
=
3 . 1
l M
A
1 72 . 1 25 . 0
k
x
2
medx
Mx
x
fx
1.0014 with A
Mx
=58073.37m
2
and M
medx
=15232.18 Nm

b

e
a
e
f
Fig. 2
b e
a
e
f
Fig. 1


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185
0244 . 1
3 . 1
25 . 0
k
y
y
fy
=

+
=

To improve the security of the program, weve performed the calculation of A
M
. The program integrates the surface
under the moment distribution by applying Simpson Method. We have verified this integration by applying this method
manually.

C. LTB Check (Art.3,6)

First, we have to calculate the LTB data described in Art.3,611 and Art.3,641-642-643. The coefficient B, C, D include
in the k
d
expression are calculated in the following way:

The B coefficient (Art.3,643) is function of the load applied to the member. As we can see, the moment distribution in
member 7 corresponds to the moment appearing in the case of a uniform loads. Using the table presented in Art. 3,643-
21, we have, for loads applied to the shear center: B=1

The C coefficient (Art.3,642) depends on the repartition of the loads on the member. In this case, we consider a
uniform load: C=1.13

The D coefficient is calculate with the following expression:

329 . 2
h
l
I
J
E
G 4
1 D
2
2
y
2
=
+ =
with
( )
2
m
N
231 . 9 8076923076
1 2
E
G =
+
= J=1.29e
-7
m
4
I
y
=2.84 10
-6
m
4
and h=0.24m

The member is symmetrically loaded and supported so that we use the expression Art.3,611 to calculate the LTB stress:
( )
e 2
2
2
x
y
2
d
m
N
955 . 70843063 C B 1 D
l
h
I
I
2 . 5
E
=

=
Total Surface
5110Nm
10117.89Nm
11923.53N
15232.4Nm
13626.89N
1
5
3
3

m
2

3
4
7
3
3
.
7
9
m
2

2
9
0
3
6
.
6
m
2

5
8
0
7
3
.
3
m
2

6
1
0
1
.
3
m
2

1
2
7
1
3
.
8
m
2

2
0
3
7
8
.
9
m
2

N
m

Simpson Method


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186

This relation implicated that a LTB check is necessary. The other LTB data are:

( )
9677 . 1
1 k 1
k
k
378 . 3 65 . 0 5 . 0 65 . 0 5 . 0 k
m
N
41 . 99186648
E
55 . 144 1
I
I
C B
4
h
l
0
e
d
0
d
k
e
2
k
e
k
e
0
2
2
2
k
e
d
y
x
0
0
=

+
=
=
|
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
\
|
+ =
=

=
=
|
|
\
|
=

The unity check for LTB is given by (Art.3,611):
Unity Check : 1 0
W
M k
k
fx e
y
m 0 x , xx d
e
d fx
=

=
LTB check OK

D. Shear Buckling Check (Art.5,212)

To prevent any risk of shear buckling, we have to control the relation Art.5,212-3 where h
a
represents the free height of
the web between the flanges, e
a
the width of the web, the normal stress in the critical section, d the distance between
the stiffeners (here the length of the beam) and r
a
the rounding between web and flange. In this case, we have:

N 80 . 8615 T
m 0062 . 0 e
m 1904 . 0 r 2 t 2 h h
y
a
a f
'
a
=
=
= =

The distance from the shear center to the two extreme fibers is:
'
y f y
v 0952 . 0 r t
2
h
v = = =
The normal stress taking as the maximum of two following values and the shear stress are:

( )
2
'
a a
y
y
2 2 1
2
z
zz '
z
y
yy
'
y 0 x , 2
2
z
zz
z
y
yy
y 0 x , 1
m
N
51 . 7298556
h e
T
m
N
34 . 646437 , max
m
N
34 . 646437
00391 . 0
57 . 2527
I
M
v
I
M
v
A
N
m
N
34 . 646437
00391 . 0
57 . 2527
I
M
v
I
M
v
A
N
=
=
=
=
= + + =
=
= + + =
=
=

Considering that the beam is equipped with web stiffeners to improve the security, we have the following unity check to
control :


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187
Unity Check : 1 10 15 . 3 10
h
e 1000
015 . 0
d 4
h 3
1
7
5 14
4
'
a
a
2
2
2 '
a
y
2
=
|
|
\
|

|
|
|
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|

Shear bucking check OK

E. Combined Moment & Normal Forces (Art.3,731)

Following the Art.3,731, we calculate the unity check for combined moment and normal forces (N=0 in this case),
taking into account that
fx&y

Buckling in the x direction:

k k k k
e
fx d fx fy fy y 1
=
+ +
OK

k k k k
e
fx d fx fy fy x 1
=
+ +
OK

1.17.3 Member 46

Section : x = 0 m
Beam type : T120/120/13
Steel :
e
=235
2
mm
N

Beam length : 1 m

The member is loaded through the shear centre. We must note capital letters are used to indicate ESA-Prima Win axis
and small letter CM 66 axis.



Using the table and the figure 13,212 for H profile and Art.3,212 we have the following plastic factor :

x
=1.23 (figure)
y
=1.20 (table)


The member is subjected to the following internal forces :

X=36858.06N M
X
=-46.07Nm
Y=1.34 N M
Y
=8.26Nm
Z=748.86 N M
T
=7.06-6.74Nm


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188
A
n
= 0.00453 m
2

By converting these internal forces according to the CM66 axis, we have

N=-36858.06 N M
x
=-46.07Nm

T
x
=1.34 N M
y
=8.26Nm
T
y
=748.86 N M
t
=6.74Nm

Normal Stress (Art.1,312) :
2
net
N/m 29 . 12452047
00296 . 0
06 . 36858
A
N
= = =

235000000
29 . 12452047
2
e
= =



The stress due to the simple bending in the critical section x=0 in x&y direction are :
y
y
yy
y
x
x
xx
x
W
M
W
M
=

235000000
49 . 13035581
2
e
fy fx
= =
+ +
Section OK

C. Check Shear Stress (Art.1,3-3,3)

The shear stress due to T
x
=1.34N, T
y
=748.86N and Mt=-46.07Nm is calculate by (Art.3,31):

2 t z y
m
N
05 . 1197693 = + + =
54 . 1
3
e
=



A. Bucking Data (Art.3,401)

The buckling parameters for members 3 subjected to compression are described in Art.3,401 and Art.3,411:

Buckling length: L
x
= 1 m k
xx
=1
L
y
= 5.64 m k
yy
=0.94

Slenderness parameters:
204 . 230
i
L
49 . 28
i
L
y
y
y
x
x
x
= = = =



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189
b

e
a
e
f
Fig. 2
b

e
e
f
Fig. 1

m
N
63 . 39182227
A
N

m
N
47 . 2562762818
A
N
N 39 . 115979
L
I E
N N 94 . 7585777
L
I E
N
2
n
cry
ky 2
n
crx
kx
2
y
2
cry
2
x
2
crx
y x
= = = =
=

= =

=


16 . 1
3 . 1
1
k 1
3 . 1
1
k
146 . 3 81 . 05 2
12 . 11023673
47 . 2562762818
y
y
1y
x
x
x 1
ky
y
kx
x
=

= =

=
=
= = =
=

052 . 8 65 . 0 5 . 0 65 . 0 5 . 0 k
03 . 1 65 . 0 5 . 0 65 . 0 5 . 0 k
ky
e
2
ky
e
ky
e
y
kx
e
2
kx
e
kx
e
x
=
|
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
\
|
+ =
=
|
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
\
|
+ =



to-thickness respected the rules presented in Art.3,441. We
shall verify this rules both for the flanges and the web of the concerned section.

x
= (Art.3,441)

Flange: Outstand Element (Fig. 1): b=0.01135 m
e
f
=0.013 m
We verify 1587 . 15
240
15 73 . 8
e
b
e
=
=

Web: Internal Element (Fig.2): b=0.05349
e
a
=0.013

We verify 15 . 15
240
15 11 . 4
e
b
e
=
=

y
= (Art.3,441)

Flange: Outstand Element (Fig. 1): b=0.0107 m
e
f
=0.013 m

We verify 52 . 46
240
75
15 23 . 8
e
b
e
y
=
=


SCIA Software

190

Web: Internal Element (Fig.2): b=0.05349
e
a
=0.013

We verify 52 . 46
240
75
15 11 . 4
e
b
e
y
=
=

As we can see, we can apply the buckling check for this slender section as a full section. The unity check for
compression is:

Unity Check :
( )
1 426 . 0
k , k max
e
y x
=



M
and M
med

01 . 1
3 . 1
l M
A
1 72 . 1 25 . 0
k
x
2
medx
Mx
x
fx
=

|
|
\
|
+
= with A
Mx
=251.07m
2
and M
medx
=251.07 Nm

84 . 1
3 . 1
l M
A
1 72 . 1 25 . 0
k
y
2
medy
My
y
fy
=

|
|
\
|
+
= with A
Mx
=8.93 m
2
and M
medx
=8.93 Nm

B.3. Combined Moment & Normal Forces (Art.3,731)

Following the Art.3,731, we calculate the unity check for combined moment and normal forces, taking into account that
fx&y

Buckling in the x direction :

k k k k
e
fx d fx fy fy y 1
=
+ +
OK

k k k k
e
fx d fx fy fy x 1
=
+ +
OK


SCIA Software

191

CM66 Check

Macro 2 Member 3 HEA180 Fe 360 Ult. comb 10 0.40

Material data
Yield strength 235.00 MPa
Tensile strength 360.00 MPa
fabrication rolled

Section Check CM66


Axis definition :

Internal forces
N -4.85 kN
Tx -0.02 kN
Ty 24.24 kN
Mt -0.00 kNm
Mx -0.00 kNm
My 0.00 kNm

Normal stress check
according to article (3,1) (3,2)

Table of values
sigma 1.07 MPa
Psix 1.07
Psiy 1.19
unity check 0.00

Shear stress check
according to article (3,3)

Table of values
tau 26.15 MPa
unity check 0.17

Stability check CM66

Length 3.00 3.00 m
Critical Euler stress 3544.46 959.67 MPa
mu 3312.21 896.79
Amplification factor k1 1.00 1.00
Buckling coefficient k 1.02 1.09


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192

Buckling check
according to article 3,411

Table of values
sigma 1.07 MPa
k 1.09
unity check 0.00

LTB parameters
LTB length l0 3.00 m
k 1.00
LTB length l 3.00 m
C 1.65
Beta 3.00
B 1.00
D 1.33


LTB check

Table of values
Sigma f 0.00 MPa
LTB factor kd 1.00
Sigma d 261.54 MPa
unity check 0.00


Table of values
sigma 1.07 MPa
Sigma fx 91.41 MPa
Sigma fy 0.45 MPa
LTB factor kd 1.00
Amplification factor kfx 1.00
Amplification factor kfy 1.00
AMx 62110500.09 kN mm^2
AMy 81800.44 kN mm^2
Mmed x 24.81 kNm
Mmed y 0.03 kNm
My max 28.62 kNm
Mz max 0.05 kNm
unity check 0.40

1.07+91.45+0.45=92.97 MPa
1.07+91.45+0.45=92.97 MPa

in buckling field 1
according to article 5,212-3

Table of values
sigma 0.11 daN/mm^2
tau 3.31 daN/mm^2
h'a 122.00 mm
ea 6.00 mm
d 3000.00 mm
unity check 0.00



SCIA Software

193


Material data
fabrication rolled

Section Check CM66


Axis definition :

Internal forces
N -2.58 kN
Tx 0.00 kN
Ty 8.62 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
Mx -0.00 kNm
My -0.00 kNm

Normal stress check

Table of values
sigma 0.66 MPa
Psix 1.06
Psiy 1.19
unity check 0.00

Shear stress check

Table of values
tau 6.54 MPa
unity check 0.04


Length 6.00 6.00 m
mu 869.62 63.49


Buckling check


SCIA Software

194

Table of values
sigma 0.66 MPa
k 7.56
unity check 0.02

LTB parameters
LTB length l0 6.00 m
k 1.00
LTB length l 6.00 m
C 1.13
Beta 1.00
B 1.00
D 2.33



Table of values
sigma 0.66 MPa
Sigma fx 44.37 MPa
Sigma fy 0.00 MPa
LTB factor kd 1.99
AMx 58040926.24 kN mm^2
AMy 0.00 kN mm^2
Mmed x 15.23 kNm
Mmed y 0.00 kNm
My max 15.23 kNm
Mz max -0.00 kNm
unity check 0.38

0.66+88.50+0.00=89.16 MPa
0.66+88.50+0.00=89.16 MPa

in buckling field 1
according to article 5,212-3

Table of values
sigma 0.07 daN/mm^2
tau 0.73 daN/mm^2
h'a 190.40 mm
ea 6.20 mm
d 6000.00 mm
unity check 0.00



Material data
fabrication rolled

Section Check CM66


SCIA Software

195


Axis definition :

Internal forces
N -36.87 kN
Tx 0.00 kN
Ty 0.75 kN
Mt 0.01 kNm
Mx -0.04 kNm
My 0.01 kNm

Normal stress check

Table of values
sigma 13.03 MPa
Psix 1.23
Psiy 1.20
unity check 0.06

Shear stress check

Table of values
tau 1.19 MPa
unity check 0.01


Length 1.00 6.00 m
mu 205.73 3.15


Buckling check

Table of values
sigma 12.46 MPa
k 8.05
unity check 0.43


Table of values
sigma 12.46 MPa


SCIA Software

196
Table of values
Sigma fx 10.39 MPa
Sigma fy 0.27 MPa
LTB factor kd 1.00
AMx 270071.33 kN mm^2
AMy 8945.17 kN mm^2
Mmed x 0.29 kNm
Mmed y 0.01 kNm
My max 0.55 kNm
Mz max -0.01 kNm
unity check 0.11

14.48+10.47+0.50=25.45 MPa
12.48+10.47+0.50=23.44 MPa


SCIA Software

197
1.18 PST.06.08 - 01 : SIA161 Steel Code Check Tutorial Frame

Description
The unity check according to SIA161 of members 7, 4 of the Tutorial Frame project are calculated manually. The result
is compared with the result of ESA-Prima Win SIA161 Steel code check.

Project data
See input file.

Reference
SIA 161 Norme Edition 1990
Constructions mtalliques
Editeur: Socit suisse
des ingnieurs et des architectes

Eurocode 3: Calcul des structures en acier
Edition 1992

Essentials of Eurocode 3:Design Manual for Steel
Structures in Building First Edition 1991


Result

Member EPW Manually
4 section check 0.253 0.253
LTB 0.559 0.558
Flexion+normal force 0.48 0.48
7 section check 0.023 0.0234
LTB 0.33 0.3316
Flexion + normal force 0.37 0.37


Version

PST060801.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)
SIA161 Steel code check (PST.06.08)

Author
NEM/CVL


SCIA Software

198
Manual calculation

1.18.1 Member 7
1.18.1.1 Classification of the section (Table 3. SIA161)

A. Width-to-thickness ratio for webs

By using Table 16a of SIA161, we can determine the yield strength f
y
:

Normal steel grade: S275


y
=275 N/mm
2

The web of member 7 is subjected both to bending and tension in section x=0.55 m. By using Table 3. of SIA161, we
find:

N A f N
y pl
1075250 = = and 0 0.
N
N
n
R
pl
=
=
( )
( ) 32 66 4 1 1 4 2 09 37
0062 0
23 0
.
f
E
n . . .
.
.
t
t h
t
d
y
w
f
w
= = =
= WEB is CLASSE 1 (PP Method)

B. Width-to-thickness ratio for flanges

By using table 3. for outstand element, we find for section x=0 m

49 10 38 0 12 6
0098 0
12 0
.
f
E
. .
.
.
T
b
y
= = = FLANGES are CLASSE 1 (Method PP)

The section IPE 240 is a plastic section for the stability check, following SIA 161 rules.

1.18.1.2 Check Normal Stress and shear stress (Art. 3.2.11.1 and Art. 4.13.6)

The member 7 is subjected to a normal tension N=262.81N and a small shear forces F
vy
=2250.05N in the critical
section. According to SIA 161, we can verify:

Unity Check:
Normal check:
1 10 44 2
1 1
00391 0 275000000
81 262
4
=
.
.
.
.
f A
F
R
y

Shear area: ( )
2
001427 0 24 0 0062 0 m . . . t b t A
f w wz
= = =
Shear check: 1 10 09 1
1 1
78 226604
05 2250
3
2
= =

.
.
.
.
f A
V
V
V
R
y wz
dz
R
zRd
dz

Section OK for tension and shear


SCIA Software

199
1.18.1.3 Combined bending, axial force (Art. 4.13.4.)

By using Art. 4.13.4 (42), we can determine:

N . A f N
y pl
1075250 00391 0 275000000 = = =
Nm . Z f M
y y ply
100650 000366 0 275000000 = = = and Nm . Z f M
z y plz
20350 10 4 7 275000000
5
= = =

574 1
1
1
1
.
A
A
w
=
= and 2 1 223 1
2
1
1
2 2
. .
A
A
w
= =
=
Nm M M
plz N , plz
20350 = =
( ) Nm . ; min
N
N
M ; M min M
R
pl
d
ply ply N , ply
100650 47 120812 100650 1
2
= =
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
\
|
=
1 1
5
1 1 .
N
N
; . max
R
pl
d
=
|
|
|
|
\
|
=

Unity check: 1 10 34 2
2
2
=
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
\
|
.
M
M
M
M
R
N , plz
dz
R
N , ply
dy

1.18.1.4 Stability Check: Check for bending, compression and L.T.B.
A. Calculation of Lateral Torsional Buckling (Art. 3.254)

Table 3 of SIA161 proposes the calculation of the critical LTB length to check if a LTB is necessary. In this case, we
have:

m l .
f
E
i l
D
y
z cr
6 53 1
3
2
1 2 = < = |
\
|
= where 0 . 1
M
M
max , d
min , d
= = LTB check necessary

Before the calculation of the LTB resistant moment, we must determinate i
rc
. i
rc
is defined as the radius gyration of a
section comprising the compression flange plus 1/3 of the compression web area, taken about an axis in the plane of the
web. Before the calculation of the compression area and the compression inertia, we must calculate distribution and the
height of compression stress due to the moment M
y
:
Level arm: m . a 1102 0 =
Stress:
2
31 39702047
m
N
.
bot top
= =
Height in compression: m .
h
bot top
w top
1102 0 =
+

Reduced area:
2 3
10 4037 1
3
m .
t b
t b A
wc wc
f f r
+ =
Reduced area:
4 6
3 3
10 411 1
36 12
m .
t b b t
I
wc wc f f
rc
=
Reduced radius giration: m .
A
I
i
rc
rc
rc
0317 0 = =


SCIA Software

200
044 0.
M
M
max , d
min , d
= = 13 1 3 0 05 1 75 1
2
. . . . = + =
m .
l
l
D
K
64 5 =
= 83 177.
i
l
rc
K
K
= =
2
2
2
29 65537559
m
N
.
E
K
Dw
=

=
2
923 143952330
m
N
. I E K G
W l
z
y D
Dv
=
=
2
2 2
131 158169049
m
N
.
Dw Dv crD
= + =

401 1.
W
Z f
y crD
y y
D
=

= 461 0
1
1
45 0
5 4
.
.
.
D
=
|
|
\
|
+
=
2
95 127005186
m
N
. f
y D
= =
Nm . Z M
y D D
89 46483 = =

Unity check : 1 3316 0 =
.
M
M
R
D
dy
=> OK LTB check
B. Tension members with moments (Art. 4.142.(48))

The internal forces for the ultimate combination 4 in the critical section x=3 m are N=262.81 N (tension) and
M
y
=14014.607 Nm. As we dont take into account the beneficial effect of tension force (N=0), we find:

N .
l
I E
N
Ky
y
cry
73 2239577
2
2
=

= and N .
l
I E
N
Kz
z
crz
44 163506
2
2
=

=
0 . 1
y
= and 1 4 0 6 0 = + =
max , dz
min , dz
z
M
M
. .
1
2
4 0 =
+ =
b
c
N
N
.
R
pl
d

( ) kNm 7 . 46 M kNm 89 . 41 M M
D y D N , Ry
= < = = Nm M M
plz N , Rz
20350 = =

Unity check: 1 37 . 0
M
M
M
M
R
N , Rz
dz z
R
N , Ry
dy y
=
|
|
|
|
\
|

+
|
|
|
|
\
|

=> Stability check OK

1.18.2 Member 4
1.18.2.1 Classification of the section (Table 3. BS5950)


By using Table 16a of SIA161, we can determine the yield strength f
y
:




SCIA Software

201

y
=275 N/mm
2

The web of member 4 is subjected both to bending and tension in section x=0 m. By using Table 3. of SIA161, we find:

N A f N
y pl
1245750 = = and 0 0.
N
N
n
R
pl
=
=
( )
( ) 32 66 4 1 1 4 2 91 26
006 0
1615 0
.
f
E
n . . .
.
.
t
t h
t
d
y
w
f
w
= = =
= WEB is CLASSE 1 (PP Method)

B. Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges


49 10 38 0 47 9
0095 0
09 0
.
f
E
. .
.
.
T
b
y
= = = FLANGES are CLASSE 1 (Method PP)

The section HEA 180 is a plastic section for the stability check, following SIA 161 rules.

1.18.2.2 Check Normal Stress and shear stress (Art. 3.2.11.1 Art. 4.13.6)

The member 4 is subjected to a normal tension N=2276.208N and shear forces V
vy
=18.6 N V
zz
=-2151.64 N in the
critical section. According to SIA 161, we can verify:

Unity Check:
Normal check:
1 10 2
1 1
00453 0 275000000
2 2276
3
=
.
.
.
f A
F
R
y

Shear area: ( )
2
00342 0 2 m . t b A
f wy
= =
( )
2
000969 0 m . t b t A
f w wz
= =
1 1
92 542997
76 18
3
5
= =

.
.
.
.
f A
V
V
V
R
y wy
dy
R
yRd
dy

1 10 538 1
1 1
41 153849
75 2150
3
2
= =

.
.
.
.
f A
V
V
V
R
y wz
dz
R
zRd
dz


By using Art. 4.13.4 (42), we can determine:

N . A f N
y pl
1245750 00453 0 275000000 = = =
Nm . Z f M
y y ply
89100 000324 0 275000000 = = = and Nm . Z f M
z y plz
42900 000156 0 275000000 = = =
27 1
1
1
1
.
A
A
w
=
= and 2 1 12 1
2
1
1
2 2
. .
A
A
w
= =
=


SCIA Software

202
Nm M M
plz N , plz
42900 = =
Nm M
N
N
M ; M min M
ply
R
pl
d
ply ply N , ply
89100 1
2
= =
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
\
|
=
1 1
5
1 1 .
N
N
; . max
R
pl
d
=
|
|
|
|
\
|
=

Unity check: 1 253 0
2
=
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
\
|
.
M
M
M
M
R
N , plz
dz
R
N , ply
dy


A. Calculation of Lateral torsional Buckling (Art. 3.254)

Table 3 of SIA161 proposes the calculation of the critical LTB length to check if a LTB is necessary. In this case, we
have:

m l .
f
E
i l
D
y
z cr
5 49 2
3
2
1 2 = < = |
\
|
= where 0 = =
max , d
min , d
M
M
LTB check necessary

Before the calculation of the LTB resistant moment, we must determinate i
rc
. i
rc
is defined as the radius gyration of a
section comprising the compression flange plus 1/3 of the compression web area, taken about an axis in the plane of the
web. Before the calculation of the compression area and the compression inertia, we must calculate distribution and the
height of compression stress due to the moment M
y
:

Height in compression: m . b
wc
076 0 =
Reduced area:
2
001862 0
3
m .
t b
t b A
wc wc
f f r
=
+ =
Reduced area:
4 6
3 3
10 617 4
36 12
m .
t b b t
I
wc wc f f
rc
=
Reduced radius gyration: m .
A
I
i
rc
r
rc
04979 0 = =

0 = =
max , d
min , d
M
M
41 1. =
m .
l
l
D
K
2 4 =
= 04979 0.
i
l
rc
K
K
= =
2
2
2
85 290404639
m
N
.
E
K
Dw
=

=
2
16 461562551
m
N
. I E K G
W l
z
y D
Dv
=
=
2
2 2
87 545320862
m
N
.
Dw Dv crD
= + =

745 0.
W
Z f
y crD
y y
D
=

= 9 0
1
1
45 0
5 4
.
.
.
D
=
|
|
\
|
+
=
2
73 247248657
m
N
. f
y D
= =


SCIA Software

203
Nm . Z M
y D D
56 80108 = =

Unity check : 1 558 0 =
.
M
M
R
D
dy
=> OK LTB check

B. Tension members with moments (Art. 4.142. (48))

The internal forces for the ultimate combination 3 in the critical section x=2.22 m are N=2276.208 N (tension) and
M
y
=40699.02Nm M
z
=52.11Nm. As we dont take into account the beneficial effect of tension force (N=0), we find:

N .
l
I E
N
Ky
y
cry
47 812854
2
2
=

= and N .
l
I E
N
Kz
z
crz
93 299557
2
2
=

=
0 . 1
y
= (transversal loading is present) and 1 4 0 6 0 = + =
max , dz
min , dz
z
M
M
. .
51 1
2
4 0 .
b
c
N
N
.
R
pl
d
=
+ =
( ) kNm 1 . 80 M kNm 52 . 72 M M
D y D N , Ry
= < = = Nm M M
plz N , Rz
42900 = =

Unity check: 1 0 . 0 48 . 0
M
M
M
M
R
N , Rz
dz z
R
N , Ry
dy y
+ =
|
|
|
|
\
|

+
|
|
|
|
\
|


Calculation note

SIA161 check

Macro 2 Member 4 HEA180 S 275 Ult. comb 4 0.56

Material data
Gamma_r 1.10
Design strength 275.00 MPa
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK
Width to thickness ratio for webs

ratio
Maximum ratio 1 66.32

==>Class cross-section 1 (PP Method)

Width to thickness ratio for outstand flanges


SCIA Software

204
ratio



Internal forces
Nd 2.28 kN
Vdy 0.02 kN
Vdz -2.15 kN
Mt -0.00 kNm
Mdy 40.70 kNm
Mdz -0.05 kNm

Normal force check
according to 3.2.11.1 and formula (1) && Table 4

Table of values
Nt_Rd 1245.75 kN
Unity check 0.00

Shear check (Vy)
according to 4.13.6 and formula (46)

Table of values
Avy 3420.00 mm^2
Vy_Rd 543.00 kN
Unity check 0.00

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Avz 969.00 mm^2
Vz_Rd 153.85 kN
Unity check 0.02

Combined bending and normal force

Table of values
xi_1 1.27
xi_2 1.12
Npl 1245.75 kN
alfa 1.10
MplyN 89.10 kNm
MplzN 42.90 kNm

Unity check 0.25

STABILITY CHECK

LTB
L ltb 5.00 m
eta 1.41
Lcr 2.50 m
k 1.00
kw 1.00


SCIA Software

205

LTB check
according to 3.254 and formula (19) & 3.254.1

Table of values
psi -0.00
eta 1.41
l_K 4.21 m
A reduced 1862.00 mm^2
I reduced 4617456.40 mm^4
i reduced 49.80 mm
LTB slender. 84.54
sigma_Dw 290.01 MPa
sigma_Dv 460.94 MPa
sigma_crD 544.59 MPa
lamda_D 0.75
zeta 0.90
sigma_D 247.18 MPa
M_D 80.09 kNm
Unity check 0.56


Table of values
My max 40.70 kNm
Mz max 0.09 kNm
N_cry 812.85 kN
N_crz 299.56 kN
N_Kz 236.35 kN
M_D(eta=1) 72.52 kNm
M_D(eta) 80.09 kNm
omega_y 1.00
omega_z 1.00
beta 1.51
M_Ry,N 72.52 kNm
M_Rz,N 42.90 kNm
Unity check 0.48

0.48 +0.00=0.48

No shear buckling check


SIA161 check

Macro 4 Member 7 IPE240 S 275 Ult. comb 5 0.37

Material data
Gamma_r 1.10
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio


SCIA Software

206
ratio



ratio



Internal forces
Nd 0.26 kN
Vdy 0.00 kN
Vdz 2.25 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
Mdy 14.01 kNm
Mdz -0.00 kNm

Normal force check
according to 3.2.11.1 and formula (1) && Table 4

Table of values
Nt_Rd 1075.25 kN
Unity check 0.00

Shear check (Vz)

Table of values
Avz 1427.24 mm^2
Vz_Rd 226.60 kN
Unity check 0.01

Combined bending and normal force

Table of values
xi_1 1.57
xi_2 1.20
Npl 1075.25 kN
alfa 1.10
MplyN 100.65 kNm
MplzN 20.35 kNm

Unity check 0.02

STABILITY CHECK

LTB
L ltb 6.00 m
eta 1.13
Lcr 1.01 m
k 1.00
kw 1.00


SCIA Software

207

LTB check
according to 3.254 and formula (19) & 3.254.1

Table of values
psi 1.00
eta 1.13
l_K 5.64 m
A reduced 1403.75 mm^2
I reduced 1411929.47 mm^4
i reduced 31.71 mm
LTB slender. 177.97
sigma_Dw 65.44 MPa
sigma_Dv 143.95 MPa
sigma_crD 158.13 MPa
lamda_D 1.40
zeta 0.46
sigma_D 126.98 MPa
M_D 46.47 kNm
Unity check 0.33


Table of values
My max 14.01 kNm
Mz max 0.00 kNm
N_cry 2239.58 kN
N_crz 163.51 kN
N_Kz 143.30 kN
M_D(eta=1) 41.89 kNm
M_D(eta) 46.47 kNm
omega_y 1.00
omega_z 1.00
beta 1.00
M_Ry,N 41.89 kNm
M_Rz,N 20.35 kNm
Unity check 0.37

0.37 +0.00=0.37

No shear buckling check



SCIA Software

208
1.19 PST.06.09 01 : BS5950 Steel Code Check Tutorial Frame

Description
The unity check according to BS5950 of members 7, 4 and 46 of the Tutorial Frame project are calculated manually.
The result is compared with the result of ESA-Prima Win BS5950 Steel code check.

Project data
See input file.

Reference
British Standard BS5950 Part 1.: 1990 + Revised text 1992
Structural use of steelwork
in building
Part 1. Code of practice for design in simple
and continuous construction: hot rolled sections

Steelwork Design
Guide to BS5950: Part 1: 1990
Volume 2 Worked examples (Revised edition)

Eurocode 3: Calcul des structures en acier
Edition 1992

Essentials of Eurocode 3:Design Manual for Steel Structures in Building
First Edition 1991


Result

7
0.4298 0.43 0 %
4
0.67 0.67 0 %
46
0.429 0.43 0 %

Version

PST060901.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)
BS5950 Steel code check (PST.06.09)

Author


SCIA Software

209
NEM/CVL

Manual calculation

1.19.1 Member 7


By using Table 7 of BS5950, we can determine the yield strength f
y
:



Nominal value of yield strength: p
y
=275 N/mm
2

1
235
=
|
|
\
|
=
y
f
(Using Note 3. Table 7.)

The web of member 7 is subjected both to bending and tension in section x=0.55 m. By using Table 7. of BS5950,
we find:

( )
96 78
6 0 4 0
79
7 30
2 6
194
.
. .
.
. t
d
w
=
+

= = with 0008 1 1 .
f t d
N
y w
Sd
=
|
|
\
|

+ = WEB is CLASSE 1

B. Width-to-thickness ratio for flanges

5 7 5 7 12 6
0098 0
12 0
. . .
.
.
T
b
= = = FLANGES are CLASSE 1

The section IPE 240 is a plastic section for the stability check, following BS5950 rules.

1.19.1.2 Check Normal Stress and shear stress (Art. 4.6.1. Art. 4.2.3)

The member 7 is subjected to a normal tension F=262.81N and a small shear forces F
vy
section. According to BS5950, we can verify:

Unity Check:
Normal check:
1 10 44 2
00391 0 275000000
81 262
4
=
.
.
.
py A
F

Shear area:
2
001488 0 24 0 0062 0 m . . . D t A
w vy
= = =
245520
05 2250
6 0
3
= =

=

.
.
p A .
F
P
F
y vy
vy
vy
vy


SCIA Software

210

By using Art. 4.8.2. (1), we can determine:

F
vy
0.6P
vy
(LOW SHEAR): ( ) ( ) Nm ; min p Z . ; p S min M
y xx y xx cx
100650 106887 100650 2 1 = = =
( ) ( ) Nm ; min p Z . ; p S min M
y yy y yy cy
15609 15609 20350 2 1 = = =

We verify: 1 13948 0
2
1
=
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
.
M
M
M
M
z
cy
y
z
cx
x
using 4.8.2.
with z
1
=2.0 z
2
=1.0
M
x
=14014.38 Nm
M
y
=0 Nm
A. Calculation of Lateral Torsional Buckling (Art. 4.3.7. Appendix B)

To determined LTB parameters, the rules prescribed by BS5950 are different for section with flange symmetrical about
major or minor axis. As well see, for a double symmetrical section as member 7, this distinction leads to the same
results.
Slenderness: 04 223
0269 0
6
.
.
A
I
L
i
L
y
y
y
= = = =
N=0.5 (symmetrical section)
Limiting equivalent slenderness: 72 34 4 0
2
1
2
.
p
E
.
y
LO
=
|
|
\
|

=
92699 0
10 89 3
10 86 2
1 1
5
6
.
.
.
I
I
x
y
=
= =

Torsional index: 68 22
10 29 1
003912 0
2302 0 566 0 566 0
7
1
.
.
.
. .
J
A
h . x
s
=
= =

73 22
10 29 1 10 84 2
10 776 3 003912 0
132 1 132 1
7 6
8
2
.
. .
. .
.
J I
H A
. x
y
=

=

Buckling parameter: 884 0
4
4
1
2 2
2
1
.
h A
S
u
s
x
=
|
|
\
|

=
883 0
10 775 3 003912 0
92699 0 000366 0 10 84 2
4
1
8 2
2 6
4
1
2
2
2
.
. .
. . .
H A
S I
u
x y
=
|
|
\
|

=
|
|
\
|

Slenderness factor: ( ) 6433 0
20
1
1 4
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
.
x
N N v =
+
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ =

( ) 6439 0
20
1
1 4
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
.
x
N N v =
+
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ =


SCIA Software

211
Equivalent slenderness: 85 126
1 1 1
. v u n
y , LTB
= =
81 126
2 2 2
. v u n
y , LTB
= =

Perry coefficient: ( ) 6449 0 007 0
1 1
. .
LO , LT , LT
= =
( ) 6446 0 007 0
2 2
. .
LO , LT , LT
= =

Plastic moment: Nm S p M
xx y p
100650 = =

Elastic critical moment: Nm .
E S
p
E M
M
, LT
xx
y , LT
p
, E
21 47143
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
=

=

=
Nm .
E S
p
E M
M
, LT
yy
y , LT
p
, E
95 47172
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
=

=

=

Reduced LTB factor:
( )
93 89097
2
1
1 1
1
.
M M
, E , LT P
, b
=
+ +
=
( )
32 89115
2
1
1 1
2
.
M M
, E , LT P
, b
=
+ +
=

Equivalent uniform moment: 607 14014. M m M
A
= =

Buckling resistance moment:
( )
Nm .
M M
M M
M
, p , E , b , b
P , E
, b
06 32587
2
1
1 1
2
1 1
1
1
=
+
=
( )
Nm .
M M
M M
M
, p , E , b , b
P , E
, b
52 32603
2
1
2 2
2
2 1
2
2
=
+
=

Unity check : 1 4298 0
52 32603
607 14014
2 1
= = .
.
.
M
M
) , min( , b
=> OK LTB check
B. Tension members with moments (Art. 4.8.3.3.2.)


F=262.81 N (tension) M
x
=14014.607 Nm

Using the more precise approach described in article 4.8.3.3.2., we find:

Maximum buckling moment around major axis:
Nm .
P
F .
M ;
P
F .
P
F
M min M
cy
b
cx
cx
cx ax
78 32585
5 0
1
5 0
1
1
=
|
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|

|
|
|
|
\
|
=
Maximum buckling moment around minor axis:

Nm M
P
F .
P
F
M M
cy
cy
cx
cy ay
20350
5 0
1
1
= =
|
|
\
|

+
|
|
\
|
=


SCIA Software

212

Unity check: 1 43 0 =
.
M
M m
M
M m
ay
y
ax
x
1.19.2 Member 4


y
:



y
=275 N/mm
2

1
235
=
|
|
\
|
=
y
f

The web of member 7 is subjected both to bending and tension in section x=0.55 m. By using Table 7 of BS5950
and Art. 3.5.4., we find:

( )
054 77
6 1 1
120
33 20
006 0
122 0
.
R .
.
.
.
t
d
w
=
+

= =
where 5 0 10 87 7
3
. .
p
R
y
web , m
=
=

WEB is plastic

B. Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges

By using Table 7 of BS5950, we find for section x=0 m:

5 9 5 9 473 9
0095 0
09 0
. . .
.
.
T
b
= = = FLANGES are compact

The section HEA180 is a compact section for stabilty check, following BS5950 rules.


The member 7 is subjected to a normal compression F=7404.15 N and a shear force F
vy
=2145.32 N in the critical

Unity Check:
Normal check:
1 10 95 5
004525 0 275000000
15 7404
3
=
.
.
.
py A
F

Shear area:
2
001026 0 171 0 006 0 m . . . D t A
w vy
= = =

169290
32 2145
6 0
2
= =

=

.
.
p A .
F
P
F
y vy
vy
vy
vy


SCIA Software

213

1.19.2.3 Combined bending, axial force (Art. 4.8.3.2.)


F
vy
0.6P
vy
(LOW SHEAR): ( ) ( ) Nm ; min p Z . ; p S min M
y xx y xx cx
89100 97020 89100 2 1 = = =
( ) ( ) Nm ; min p Z . ; p S min M
y yy y yy cy
33990 33990 42900 2 1 = = =

We verify: 1 4661 0 =
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
+
.
M
M
M
M
p A
F
cy
z
cx
y
y
(Using 4.8.3.2.)

with: z
1
=2.0 z
2
=1.0
M
x
=14014.38 Nm
M
y
=0 Nm

A. Calculation of Buckling (Art. 4.7.5. Appendix C)

0744 . 0
8
A
I
L
i
L
x
x
x
= = = =
38 177
0451 0
8
.
.
A
I
L
i
L
y
y
y
= = = =
Limiting slenderness: 36 17 2 0
2
1
2
.
p
E
.
y
O
=
|
|
\
|

=
Robertson constant: 5 5. a
x
= 8 =
y
a
Perry coefficient: ( ) 4958 0 001 0 . a .
O x x x
= =
( ) 28016 1 001 0 . a .
LO y y y
= =
Euler strength: N/m .
E
p
x
Ex
34 179283585
2
2
=

=
N/m .
E
p
y
Ey
31 65873348
2
2
=

=
Reduced buckling factor:
( )
82 271593364
2
1
.
p p
Ex x y
x
=
+ +
=
( )
94 21200886
2
1
.
p p
Ey y y
y
=
+ +
=
Compressive strength:
( )
Nm .
p p
p p
p
y Ex x x
y Ex
cx
307 115196530
2
1
2
=
+
=
( )
Nm .
p p
p p
p
y Ey y y
y Ey
cy
57 48028816
2
1
2
=
+
=
Unity Check: 1 10 4 3
39 217330
15 7404
2
= =
.
.
.
p A
N
min c
=> Section OK for buckling


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B. Calculation of Lateral Torsional Buckling (Art. 4.3.7. Appendix B)

To determined LTB parameters, the rules prescribed by BS5950 are different for section with flange symmetrical about
major or minor axis. As weve seen in the benchmark concerning member 7 of TutBS5950.epw, this distinction gives
the same results for double symmetrical section.

Slenderness: 86 110
0451 0
5
.
.
A
I
L
i
L
y
y
y
= = = =
N=0.5 (symmetrical section)
2
1
2
.
p
E
.
y
LO
=
|
|
\
|

=

6314 0
10 51 2
10 25 9
1 1
5
6
.
.
.
I
I
x
y
=
= =

10 49 1
004525 0
1615 0 566 0 566 0
7
.
.
.
. .
J
A
h . x
s
=
= =

4
1
2
2
.
H A
S I
u
x y
=
|
|
\
|

=
20
1
1 4
2
1
2
1
2
2
.
x
N N v =
+
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ =

Equivalent slenderness: 344 68. v u n
y LTB
= =

Perry coefficient: ( ) 2353 0 007 0 . .
LO LT LT
= =

E S
p
E M
M
, LT
yy
y LT
p
E
41 143767
2
2
2
2
2
=

=

=

Reduced LTB factor:
( )
98 133349
2
1
.
M M
E LT P
b
=
+ +
=

A
= =

( )
Nm .
M M
M M
M
p E b b
P E
b
73 62833
2
1
2
=
+
=

Unity check : 1 65 0
73 62833
95 40683
= = .
.
.
M
M
b
=> OK LTB check
1.19.2.5 Tension members with moments (Art. 4.8.3.3.2.)


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The internal forces for the ultimate combination 6 in the critical section x=2.22 m are:

x
=14014.607 Nm



( ) Nm 60702.29 . ; . min
P
F .
M ;
P
F .
P
F
M min M
cy
b
cx
cx
cx ax
= =
|
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|

|
|
|
|
\
|
= 29 60702 18 87248
5 0
1
5 0
1
1

Maximum buckling moment around minor axis: Nm .
P
F .
P
F
M M
cy
cx
cy ay
536 40753
5 0
1
1
=
|
|
\
|

+
|
|
\
|
=

Unity check: 1 6732 0 =
.
M
M m
M
M m
ay
y
ax
x

1.19.3 Member 47
1.19.3.1 Classification of the section (Table 7. BS5950):Stem of T-section

y
:



y
=275 N/mm
2

1
235
=
|
|
\
|
=
y
f

The section of member 47 is subjected both to bending and tension in section x=0 m. By using Table 7. of BS5950, we
find:
5 9 5 9 23 9
013 0
12 0
. . .
.
.
t
d
w
= = = Section is compact

The member 47 is subjected to a normal tension F=37369.5N and a small shear force F
vy

Unity Check: Normal check:
1 10 59 4
00296 0 275000000
5 37369
2
=
.
.
.
py A
F


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216
Shear area:
2
00156 0 m . A A
vy vx
= =
Shear Check:
3
10 71 1
25740
92 441
6 0
= =

= .
.
p A .
F
P
F
y vy
vy
vy
vy



F
vy
0.6P
vy
(LOW SHEAR): Nm p Z M
y xx cx
11550 = =
Nm . p Z M
y yy cy
5 8167 = =
A elastic check of the stress in the critical section gives:

1 10 29 9
275000000
45 25562183
275000000
23 19532 83 12956882 859 12624832
2
= =
+
=
+ +
.
. . . .
p
y
my mx n

=> Section check OK for combined bending and normal force
A. Calculation of Buckling (Art. 4.7.5. Appendix C)

Slenderness: 49 28
0351 0
1
.
.
A
I
L
i
L
x
x
x
= = = =
8979 244
0245 0
1
.
.
A
I
L
i
L
y
y
y
= = = =
Limiting slenderness: 36 17 2 0
2
1
2
.
p
E
.
y
O
=
|
|
\
|

=
Robertson constant: 5 5. a
x
= 5 5. a
y
=
Perry coefficient: ( ) 0612 0 001 0 . a .
O x x x
= =
( ) 2514 1 001 0 . a .
LO y y y
= =
Euler strength: N/m .
E
p
x
Ex
82 2553489883
2
2
=

=
N/m .
E
p
y
Ey
28 34558025
2
2
=

=
Reduced buckling factor:
( )
36 1492381732
2
1
.
p p
Ex x y
x
=
+ +
=
( )
058 176401969
2
1
.
p p
Ey y y
y
=
+ +
=
Compressive strength:
( )
Nm .
p p
p p
p
y Ex x x
y Ex
cx
717 257475453
2
1
2
=
+
=
( )
Nm .
p p
p p
p
y Ey y y
y Ey
cy
748 29384290
2
1
2
=
+
=


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217
Unity Check: 1 429 0
5 86977
5 37369
= =
.
.
.
p A
F
min c
=> Section OK for buckling

B. Calculation of Lateral Torsional Buckling (Art. 4.3.7. Appendix B)

Using the formula of section with flange symmetrical about the minor axis, we find:
Slenderness: 81 41.
A
I
L
i
L
y
y
y
= = =
N=1
2
1
2
.
p
E
.
y
LO
=
|
|
\
|

=
513 0 1 .
I
I
x
y
= =
10 83 1
00296 0
1135 0 566 0 566 0
7
.
.
.
. .
J
A
h . x
s
=
= =

4
4
1
2 2
2
.
h A
S
u
s
x
=
|
|
\
|

=
20
1
1 4
2
1
2
1
2
2
.
x
N N v =
+
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ =

Equivalent slenderness: 59 17. v u n
y LTB
= =
Perry coefficient: ( ) 0 0 007 0 = =
LT LO LT LT
.
E S
p
E M
M
LT
xx
y LT
p
E
75 634678
2
2
2
2
=

=

=
Reduced LTB factor:
( )
375 330374
2
1
.
M M
E LT P
b
=
+ +
=
A
= =
( )
Nm
M M
M M
M
p E b b
P E
b
26070
2
1
2
=
+
=
Unity check : 1 10 12 2
2
=

.
M
M
b
=> OK LTB check
1.19.3.5 Tension members with moments (Art. 4.8.3.3.2.)


x
=553.58 Nm


( ) Nm 10721.08 . ; . min
P
F .
M ;
P
F .
P
F
M min M
cy
b
cx
cx
cx ax
= =
|
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|

|
|
|
|
|
\
|
= 83 14887 08 10721
5 0
1
5 0
1
1


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218
Maximum buckling moment around minor axis: Nm .
P
F .
P
F
M M
cy
cx
cy ay
56 3840
5 0
1
1
=
|
|
\
|

+
|
|
\
|
=
Unity check: 1 10 42 5
2
=
.
ay
M
y
M m
ax
M
x
M m


BS 5950 Check

Macro 2 Member 4 HEA180 Grade 43 Ult. comb 7 0.67

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio

==> Class cross-section Plastic


ratio

==> Class cross-section Compact


Axis definition :

Internal forces
F -7.40 kN
Fvx 0.04 kN
Fvy -2.15 kN
Mt -0.00 kNm
Mx 40.68 kNm
My -0.12 kNm

Compression check
according to article 4.7.4.

Table of values


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219
Table of values
Pc 1245.75 kN
Unity check 0.01

Shear check (Fvx)

Table of values
Avx 3420.00 mm^2
Pvx 564.30 kN
Unity check 0.00

Shear check (Fvy)

Table of values
Avy 1026.00 mm^2
Pvy 169.29 kN
Unity check 0.01

according to article 4.8.3.2.(a)

Table of values
Mcx 89.10 kNm
Mcy 33.99 kNm

Unity check 0.47

STABILITY CHECK

Length 8.00 8.00 m
Euler strength pE 179.44 66.13 MPa
Robertson Constant 5.50 8.00
Perry factor a 0.50 1.28
Reduced buckling factor 271.68 212.80 MPa
Compressive strength pc 115.27 48.18 MPa

Buckling check
according to article 4.7.5. & Appendix C

Table of values
Pc 218.27 kN
Unity check 0.03

LTB
L ltb 5.00 m
k 1.00
m 1.00
n 1.00

Stabilizing load according to Art. 4.3.4. and Table 13.

LTB check
according to article 4.3.7. & Appendix B

Table of values


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220
Table of values
N factor 0.50
Slenderness 110.65
Torsional index x 15.94
Buckling parameter u 0.84
Slender. factor v 0.74
Equivalent slender. 68.31
Limiting equiv. slender. 34.73
Perry factor 0.24
Mcr elastic 143.90 kNm
Red. LTB factor 133.41 kNm
Mb 62.86 kNm
Max. MA 40.68 kNm
Equiv. uniform M 40.68 kNm
Unity check 0.65

according to article 4.8.3.3.2.

Table of values
Max 60.73 kNm
May 40.75 kNm
Unity check 0.67

0.67 +0.00=0.67

NO shear buckling check



Macro 4 Member 7 IPE240 Grade 43 Ult. comb 5 0.43

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio



ratio



Axis definition :


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221

Internal forces
F 0.26 kN
Fvx 0.00 kN
Fvy -2.25 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
Mx 14.01 kNm
My -0.00 kNm

Normal force check

Table of values
Pt 1075.25 kN
Unity check 0.00

Shear check (Fvy)

Table of values
Avy 1488.00 mm^2
Pvy 245.52 kN
Unity check 0.01


Table of values
Mcx 100.65 kNm
Mcy 15.61 kNm

Unity check 0.14

STABILITY CHECK

LTB
L ltb 6.00 m
k 1.00
m 1.00
n 1.00


LTB check

Table of values
N factor 0.50
Slenderness 222.63
Perry factor 0.64
Mb 32.59 kNm
Max. MA 14.01 kNm
Unity check 0.43


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222

according to article 4.8.3.2.

Table of values
Max 32.59 kNm
May 20.35 kNm
Unity check 0.43

0.43 +0.00=0.43




Macro 18 Member 47 T120/120/13 Grade 43 Ult. comb 6 0.43

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio

==> Class cross-section Compact


Axis definition :

Internal forces
F -37.37 kN
Fvx -0.00 kN
Fvy -0.44 kN
Mt -0.01 kNm
Mx 0.55 kNm
My 0.01 kNm

Compression check

Table of values
Pc 814.00 kN
Unity check 0.05

Shear check (Fvx)

Table of values


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223
Table of values
Avx 1560.00 mm^2
Pvx 257.40 kN
Unity check 0.00

Shear check (Fvy)

Table of values
Avy 1391.00 mm^2
Pvy 229.51 kN
Unity check 0.00

according to article 4.8.3.2.(a)

Table of values
sigma n 12.62 MPa
sigma Mx 12.96 MPa
sigma My 0.02 MPa

Unity check 0.09

STABILITY CHECK

Length 1.00 6.00 m
Euler strength pE 2562.76 34.62 MPa
Robertson Constant 5.50 5.50
Perry factor a 0.06 1.25
Reduced buckling factor 1496.94 176.45 MPa
Compressive strength pc 257.56 29.43 MPa


Buckling check
according to article 4.7.5. & Appendix C

Table of values
Pc 87.12 kN
Unity check 0.43

LTB
L ltb 1.00 m
k 1.00
m 1.00
n 1.00


LTB check

Table of values
N factor 1.00
Slenderness 40.78


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224
Table of values
Perry factor 0.00
Mb 22.90 kNm
Max. MA 0.55 kNm
Unity check 0.02

according to article 4.8.3.3.2.

Table of values
Max 10.72 kNm
May 3.84 kNm
Unity check 0.05

0.05 +0.00=0.05




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225
1.20 PST.06.09 02 : BS5950 Steel Code of practice for design

Description
Calculation of m and n factor of BS5950.

Project data
See input file.

Reference
[1] British Standard BS5950 Part 1.: 1990 + Revised text 1992
Structural use of steelwork
in building
Part 1. Code of practice for design in simple
and continuous construction: hot rolled sections

[2] Steelwork Design
Guide to BS5950: Part 1: 1990
Volume 2 Worked examples (Revised edition)

[3] Eurocode 3: Calcul des structures en acier
Edition 1992

[4] Essentials of Eurocode 3:Design Manual for Steel Structures in Building
First Edition 1991


Result

Example in Ref[2]. Ref.[2] EPW % Diff.
Example 2 Mb 397 kNm 397 kNm 0 %
M reduced 381 kNm 379 kNm 0.50 %
m 0.91 0.91 0 %
n 1.00 1.00 0 %
Example 3 Mb 450 kNM 451 kNm 0.20 %
M reduced 419 kNm 418 kNm 0.20 %
m 1.00 1.00 0 %
n 0.94 0.94 0 %
Example 4 Mb 184 kNm 185 kNm 0.50 %
M reduced 126 124 kNm 1.60 %
m 0.80 0.81 1.25 %
n 1.00 1.00 0 %


Version

Input file
example 2 : PST060902a.epw
example 3 : PST060902b.epw
example 4 : PST060902c.epw


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226

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)
BS5950 Steel code check (PST.06.10)

Author
NEM/CVL

Manual calculation

The next 3 examples treat the specific calculation of the equivalent uniform factor m and the equivalent slenderness
factor n. BS5950 makes using of those values in LTB check to determine the LTB design moment resistance. For other
controls following BS5950, we refer to the corresponding benchmarks.

Each beam checked is not laterally fully restrained so that a lateral torsional buckling control must be performed. The
condition to be satisfied in all the cases is that:

b x b A
p S M M m M = =

where p
b
is the bending strength and is related to the equivalent slenderness given by

= v u n
LT
in which n is the equivalent slenderness

For beam without loading between points of lateral restraint, n=1 and m depends on the ratio of the end moments at the
point of restraint. Similarly, for beam loaded between points of lateral restraint, m=1 and n depend both on the ratio of
the end moment at the point of restraint and on the ratio of the larger moment to the mid-span free moment. There are
thus two method to work with lateral buckling: - m approach with m calculated and n=1
- n approach with m=1 and n calculated

Both method are used in the following examples and compare with result found in the second reference Steelwork
Design Guide to BS5950: Part 1: 1990 Volume 2 Worked examples (Revised edition). In any given situation, only one
method is admissible and its always conservative to use m=n=1.

Steelwork Design Guide to BS5950: Part 1: 1990 Volume 2 Worked examples (Revised edition) gives two notes
appield in EPW:

1. if the loading is destabilising both m and n factors must be taken as unity
2. Since the publication of BS5950 Part 1:1990, doubt has been cast on the correctness of using n-factors less than 1
in combination with an effective length L
E
less than L in the calculation of = nuv
LT
. In the future it may be
possible, some correction may occur. However, as a interim measure, pending clarification from BS, it is
recommended that
LT
is taken as the smaller of
LT1
and
LT2
:

y
E
1 LT
r
L
v u = and
y
2 LT
r
L
v u n =

Calculation note - Example 2 : PST060902a.epw

BS 5950 Check

Macro 1 Member 2 UB457/191/82 Grade 43 Loadcase 1 0.95


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227

Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio



ratio



Axis definition :

Internal forces
F 0.00 kN
Fvx 0.00 kN
Fvy -19.03 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
Mx 417.80 kNm
My 0.00 kNm

Shear check (Fvy)

Table of values
Avy 4554.00 mm^2
Pvy 751.41 kN
Unity check 0.03


Table of values
Mcx 504.35 kNm
Mcy 64.68 kNm

Unity check 0.83

STABILITY CHECK

LTB
L ltb 3.00 m
k 1.00


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228
LTB
m 0.91
n 1.00


LTB check

Table of values
N factor 0.50
Slenderness 71.09
Perry factor 0.17
Mb 396.96 kNm
Max. MA 417.80 kNm
Unity check 0.95


Table of values
Max 396.96 kNm
May 83.32 kNm
Unity check 0.95

0.95 +0.00=0.95



Calculation note - Example 3 - PST060902b.epw

BS 5950 Check


Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio




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229

ratio



Axis definition :

Internal forces
F 0.00 kN
Fvx 0.00 kN
Fvy -19.03 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
Mx 417.80 kNm
My 0.00 kNm

Shear check (Fvy)

Table of values
Avy 8085.32 mm^2
Pvy 1285.57 kN
Unity check 0.01


Table of values
Mcx 1097.65 kNm
Mcy 124.34 kNm

Unity check 0.38

STABILITY CHECK

LTB
L ltb 7.65 m
k 1.00
m 1.00
n 0.94


LTB check

Table of values
N factor 0.50
Slenderness 152.06
Perry factor 0.52


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230
Table of values
Mb 451.67 kNm
Max. MA 417.80 kNm
Unity check 0.93


Table of values
Max 451.67 kNm
May 162.03 kNm
Unity check 0.93

0.93 +0.00=0.93



Calculation note - Example 4 : PST060902c.epw

BS 5950 Check


Material data
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

ratio



ratio



Axis definition :

Internal forces
F 0.00 kN
Fvx 0.00 kN


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231
Internal forces
Fvy -13.37 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
Mx 152.80 kNm
My 0.00 kNm

Shear check (Fvy)

Table of values
Avy 3420.00 mm^2
Pvy 564.30 kN
Unity check 0.02


Table of values
Mcx 301.40 kNm
Mcy 27.92 kNm

Unity check 0.51

STABILITY CHECK

LTB
L ltb 3.00 m
k 1.00
m 0.81
n 1.00


LTB check

Table of values
N factor 0.50
Slenderness 96.47
Perry factor 0.31
Mb 184.46 kNm
Max. MA 152.80 kNm
Unity check 0.67


Table of values
Max 184.46 kNm
May 36.48 kNm
Unity check 0.67

0.67 +0.00=0.67



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233
1.21 PST.06.10 01 : GBJ 17-88 Steel Code Check Tutorial Frame

Description
The unity check according to GBJ 17-88 of members 4, 7 and macro 18 of the Tutorial Frame project are calculated
manually. The result is compared with the result of ESA-Prima Win.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

Ref.[1] National standard of the Peoples Republic of China
Code for design of steel structures
GBJ 17-88
Beijing 1995


Result

Member/Macro EPW Manually % Diff.
member 7 0.12
0.72
0.12
0.72
0 %
0 %
member 19 0.66
0.06
0.47
0.68
0.66
0.06
0.47
0.68
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
macro 18 0.09
0.44
0.04
0.09
0.44
0.04
0 %
0 %
0 %


Version

PST061001.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)
GBJ-17 Code Check (PST.06.10)

Author
CVL

Manual calculation - Member 7.


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234
Buckling data


5. System length L: Since there are no intermediate restraints on this member the system length L = the full
member length for all buckling modes. (L=6m)
7. Sway modes: Y-Y: non-sway Z-Z: non-sway. Buckling factor kx=ky=1.0.
8. The load application is on the top flange.

Check of IPE270 section.

Section data
E 210000 N/mm
A 4590 mm
f
y
235 N/mm
W
x
429000 mm
W
y
62200 mm
i
x
112 mm
i
y
30.2 mm
S
x
242000 mm

height h 270 mm
width b 135 mm
flange t
f
10.2 mm
web t
w
6.6 mm
radius r 15 mm

Now, we will discuss the different steps :

Classification of the section

c) Width-to-thickness ratio for webs. (Using art.5.4.2.)

b/t
w
= 219.6 / 6.6 = 33.27

The web is subjected to compression at 0.0 m.
The slenderness in the web plane = 53.4. The maximal ratio for a slender section is

25

+ 0.5 = 51.70

Since 33.27 < 51.7, the web is no slender element.

d) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges (Using art.5.4.1.)


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235

b/t
f
= 67.5/10.2 = 6.61

Max. ratio for flange subject to compression is 20.
Since 6.62 < 15 , the flanges are no slender elements.

Section IPE270 is no slender section.

Since 6.61 < 13 (art.4.1.1.) we can use the plasticity factors :
x
=1.05
y
=1.20

Stability check


Combination 7, member 7 on x =3.0 m:

X = 1.57 kN
Mx = 11.58 kNm
Z = 1.79 kN (Shear)

Stability check for Bending + Compression

Using article 5.2.5., and formula (5.2.5.-1) and (5.2.5.-2) :

f
W
M
N
N
8 . 0 1 W
M
A
N
y by
y ty
EX
x x
x mx
x
+
|
|
\
|

f
N
N
8 . 0 1 W
M
W
M
A
N
EY
y y
y my
x bx
x tx
y
|
|
\
|

E 210000 N/mm
A 4590 mm
f 215 N/mm
N 1.57 kN
M
x
11.58 kNm
W
x
429000 mm
x
1.05
y
1.20
tx
No end moments
1.0


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mx
Sway system
1.0
x
b/h < 0.8 buckling curve a
x
=6000/112
slenderness
x
= 53.40
using Table A3.1
0.906
y
buckling curve b
y
= 6000/30.2
slenderness
y
= 198
using Table A3.2
0.19
bx
Appendix A1.5, formula A1.3
=1.07 -
y
/44000
y
= 6000 / 30.2 = 198
0.18
N
EX
= EA/
x

3333 kN
N
EY
= EA/
y

242 kN

formula 5.2.5-1 :

0.4 + 25.7 + 0.0 = 26.1 N/mm
unity check = 26.1 / 215 = 0.12

formula 5.2.5-2 :

1.8 + 153.5 + 0.0 = 155.3 N/mm
unity check = 155.3 / 215 = 0.72


Buckling data


5. System length L: The beams on a height of 3m provide restraint to the column. Therefore
y
= L
z
= 5 m.
Z-Z: non-sway
8. K factors : Kx = 0.85 / Ky = 0.90

Check of HEB160 section
The critical check is performed on section 0.0 m for combination number 6.
The internal forces are :

N 63.31 kN


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Vy 8.276 kN
Mx 41.33 kNm
My 0.61 kNm

Section data
E 210000 N/mm
A 5430 mm
f
y
235 N/mm
W
x
311000 mm
W
y
111000 mm
i
x
67.8 mm
i
y
40.5 mm
S
x
177000 mm

height h 160 mm
width b 160 mm
flange t
f
13 mm
web t
w
8 mm
radius r 15 mm


a) Width-to-thickness ratio for webs. (Using Art.5.4.2)
b/t
w
= 104 / 8 = 13

For this case, we calculate
0
.

max
max max
0
N
= N/A = 63310/5425 = 11.6 N/mm
M
= Mx h / Ix = 41320000 52 /24920000 = 86.22 N/mm

max
= 11.67 + 86.22 = 98 N/mm
min
= 11.6 86.22 = -74 N/mm

0
= (98+74)/98 = 1.76

The slenderness in the web plane = 62.8. The maximal ratio for a slender section is

48
0
+ 0.5 - 26.2 = 89.44

Since 13 < 89.4 , the web is no slender section element.

c) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges (Using Art.5.4.1.)

b/t
f
= (80-4)/13 = 5.85

Max. ratio for flange subject to compression/bending is 15.


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Section HEB160 is no slender section.

x
=1.05
y
=1.20

Section check

This check is executed at member 19 on position x = 0 m. (start of member 19)
Combination 6 :

Normal stress check

Using article 5.2.1., formula 5.2.1.

f
W
M
W
M
A
N
y y
y
x x
x
<
+

N 63.31 kN
A 5425 mm
M
x
41.3 kNm
x
1.05
W
x
311500 mm
M
y
0.61 kNm
y
1.20
W
y
111200 mm
f 215 N/mm

11.67 + 126 + 4.6 = 142 N/mm < 215 N/mm

Unity check = 142/215 = 0.66

Shear check

Using article 4.1.2., formula 4.1.2.

v
w
f
It
VS
< =

V 8.27 kN
S 177000 mm
I 24920000 mm
4

t
w
8 mm
f
v
125 N/mm

= 7.4 N/mm < 125 N/mm

Unity check = 7.4/125 = 0.06




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f
W
M
N
N
8 . 0 1 W
M
A
N
y by
y ty
EX
x x
x mx
x
+
|
|
\
|

f
N
N
8 . 0 1 W
M
W
M
A
N
EY
y y
y my
x bx
x tx
y
|
|
\
|

N 63.31 kN
M
x
41.33 kNm
M
y
0.61 kNm
W
x
311500 mm
W
y
111200 mm
x
1.05
y
1.20
ty
tx

Non sway system, no transverse loading,
= 0.65 + 0.35 M2/M1 ; M2 = 0.0
0.65
my
mx

= 0.65 + 0.35 M2/M1 ; M2 = 0.0
0.65
x
b/h > 0.8 buckling curve b
x
= 4260/67.8
x
= 62.86
slenderness
x
= 62.86
using Table A3.2
0.795
y
buckling curve b
slenderness
y
= 4510/40.5

slenderness
y
= 111
using Table A3.2
0..487
by
1.0
bx
=1.07 -
y
/44000
y
= 5000 / 40.5 = 123,46
0.72
N
EX
= EA/
x

2833 kN
N
EY
= EA/
y


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902 kN

formula 5.2.5-1 :

14.6 + 84 + 3.5 = 102 N/mm
unity check = 102 / 215 = 0.47

formula 5.2.5-2 :

24 + 120 + 3.1 = 147 N/mm
unity check = 147 / 215 = 0.68


Buckling data


5. System length L:
6. For each member:

L
y
= memberlength = 1m.
L
z
= Macrolength / 2 = 6 m. (Lateral restraint by middle-rafter)
L
ltb
9. K factors : Kx=1.00; Ky=0.94

Check of T120/120/13 section

Section data
E 210000 N/mm
A 2960 mm
f
y
235 N/mm
W
x
42000 mm
W
y
29700 mm
i
x
35.1 mm
i
y
24.5 mm
I
x
3660000 mm
4

I
y
1780000 mm
4

e
x
32.8 mm

height h 120 mm
width b 120 mm
flange t
f
13 mm
web t
w
13 mm
radius r 13 mm


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Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges (Using Art.5.4.1.)

b/t
f
= (60-13/2)/13 = 4.12

Max. ratio for flange subject to compression/bending is 15.

Section is no slender section.

x1
=1.05
x2
=1.20
y
=1.20

Stability check: Compression critical buckling check


N = -34.26 kN (compression)
Mx = 0.51 kNm
My = 0.00941 kNm


f
W
M
N
N
8 . 0 1 W
M
A
N
y by
y ty
EX
x x
x mx
x
+
|
|
\
|

f
N
N
8 . 0 1 W
M
W
M
A
N
EY
y y
y my
x bx
x tx
y
|
|
\
|

N 34.27 kN
M
x
0.51 kNm
M
y
0.00941 kNm
I
x
3660000 mm
4

W
x1
at top , at compression side
= Ix/hx = 3660000/87.2 = 41972 mm


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W
y
29700 mm
At top side (compression side) the influence of the
moment My is 0.0.
x
1.20 (top side)
y
1.20
tx
No linear moment distribution along the LTB part (6 m) of
this element.
1.0
mx
= 0.65 + 0.35 M2/M1 ;
M2 = -0.05 kNm
M1 = 0.57 kNm
0.62
x
buckling curve b
x
= 1000/35.1
slenderness
x
= 28.44
using Table A3.2
0.94
y
buckling curve c
y
= 5640/24.5
slenderness
y
= 230
using Table A3.3
0.138
by
1.0
bx
Flange in tension
1.00
N
EX
= EA/
x

7585 kN
N
EY
= EA/
y

115 kN

formula 5.2.5-1 :

12.3 + 6.1 + 0.0 = 18.4 N/mm
unity check = 18.4 / 215 = 0.09

formula 5.2.5-2 :

83.7 + 11.8 + 0.0 = 95.5 N/mm
unity check = 95.5 / 215 = 0.44

Stability check: Tension critical buckling check


N = -34.27 kN (compression)
Mx = 0.51 kNm
My = 0.01 kNm

Using article 5.2.2., and (extended) formula (5.2.2.-2)


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f
N
N
25 . 1 1 W
M
N
N
25 . 1 1 W
M
A
N
EY
y y
y my
EX
x x
x mx
|
|
\
|

+
|
|
\
|

N 34.26 kN
M
x
0.41 kNm
M
y
0.01 kNm
I
x
3660000 mm
4

W
x1
at bottom , at tension side
= Ix/hx = 3660000/32.8 = 111585 mm
W
y
29700 mm

x
1.05 (bottom side)
y
1.20
mx
= 0.65 + 0.35 M2/M1 ;
M2 = -0.05 kNm
M1 = 0.57 kNm
0.62
my
= 0.65 + 0.35 M2/M1 ;
M2 = 0.0 kNm
0.65
N
EX
= EA/
x

7585 kN
N
EY
= EA/
y

115 kN

formula 5.2.2-2 :

11.6 2.8 0.2 = 8.6 N/mm
unity check = 8.6 / 215 = 0.04


GBJ-17 Code Check

Macro 4 Member 7 IPE270 Grade3 Ult. comb 8 0.72

Material data
f 215.00 MPa
fv 125.00 MPa
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK


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Section classification

Cfr. Chapter 5.4. ratio limit ratio Position
Webs 33.27 51.71 0.00 m
Outstanding flanges 6.29 20.00 0.00 m


Axis definition :

Internal forces
N -1.57 kN
Vx 0.00 kN
Vy 1.79 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
Mx 11.58 kNm
My -0.00 kNm

Normal stress check
according to article 4.1.1./5.2.1. and formula (4.1.1.)(5.2.1.)

Table of values
normal stress 26.07 MPa
f 215.00 MPa
Gamma x 1.05
Gamma y 1.20
unity check 0.12

Shear stress check
according to article 4.1.2. and formula (4.1.2.)

Table of values
shear stress 1.13 MPa
fv 125.00 MPa
unity check 0.01

STABILITY CHECK

type sway non-sway
Buckling curve a b
Alfa 1 0.41 0.65
Alfa 2 0.99 0.96
Alfa 3 0.15 0.30
Fi 0.91 0.19
Length 6.00 6.00 m

LTB
l1 6.00 m



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Distributed loading
No lateral support

Buckling check

Table of values
Fi 0.19
unity check 0.01

1.82 < 215.00 MPa

according to article 5.2.5 and formula (5.2.5-1)

Table of values
Fi x 0.91
Gamma x 1.05
Beta m x 1.00
Beta t y 1.00
Fi b y 1.00
unity check 0.12

0.38 +25.73 +0.00=26.11 < 215.00 MPa


Table of values
Fi y 0.19
Beta t x 1.00
Fi b x 0.18
Beta m y 1.00
Gamma y 1.20
unity check 0.72

1.82 +153.61 +0.00=155.42 < 215.00 MPa

in buckling field 1
according to article A2.1 and formula (A2.1)

Table of values
a 6000.00 mm
ho 219.60 mm
tw 6.60 mm
C1 166.00
l1 6000.00 mm
l2 219.60 mm
Sigma cr 6458.46 MPa
Sigma c cr 1499.45 MPa
Tau cr 1112.16 MPa
Sigma 22.31 MPa
Sigma c 0.00 MPa
Tau 1.23 MPa
unity check 0.00


Macro 11 Member 19 HEB160 Grade3 Ult. comb 7 0.69

Material data
f 215.00 MPa


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Material data
fv 125.00 MPa
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK

Webs 13.00 89.67 0.00 m


Axis definition :

Internal forces
N -63.31 kN
Vx 0.12 kN
Vy -8.27 kN
Mt -0.00 kNm
Mx 41.33 kNm
My -0.61 kNm

Normal stress check

Table of values
f 215.00 MPa
Gamma x 1.05
Gamma y 1.20
unity check 0.66

Shear stress check

Table of values
fv 125.00 MPa
unity check 0.06

STABILITY CHECK

Buckling curve b b
Alfa 1 0.65 0.65
Alfa 2 0.96 0.96
Alfa 3 0.30 0.30
Fi 0.79 0.46
Length 5.00 5.00 m


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LTB
l1 5.00 m

Linear moment distribution
No lateral support

Buckling check

Table of values
Fi 0.46
unity check 0.12

25.42 < 215.00 MPa


Table of values
Fi x 0.79
Gamma x 1.05
Beta m x 0.65
Beta t y 0.65
Fi b y 1.00
unity check 0.47

14.69 +83.70 +3.55=101.95 < 215.00 MPa


Table of values
Fi y 0.46
Beta t x 0.65
Fi b x 0.72
Beta m y 0.65
Gamma y 1.20
unity check 0.69

25.42 +119.39 +3.15=147.96 < 215.00 MPa

in buckling field 1
according to article A2.1 and formula (A2.1)

Table of values
a 5000.00 mm
ho 104.00 mm
tw 8.00 mm
C1 166.00
l1 5000.00 mm
l2 104.00 mm
Sigma cr 42307.70 MPa
Sigma c cr 9822.49 MPa
Tau cr 7280.49 MPa
Sigma 97.97 MPa
Sigma c 0.00 MPa
Tau 9.93 MPa
unity check 0.00


GBJ-17 Code Check


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Macro 18 Member 47 T120/120/13 Grade3 Ult. comb 6 0.44

Material data
f 215.00 MPa
fv 125.00 MPa
fabrication rolled

SECTION CHECK



Axis definition :

Internal forces
N -34.26 kN
Vx -0.00 kN
Vy -0.41 kN
Mt -0.00 kNm
Mx 0.51 kNm
My 0.01 kNm

Normal stress check

Table of values
f 215.00 MPa
Gamma x 1.20
Gamma y 1.20
unity check 0.10

Shear stress check

Table of values
fv 125.00 MPa
unity check 0.01

STABILITY CHECK

Buckling curve b c
Alfa 1 0.65 0.73
Alfa 2 0.96 1.22
Alfa 3 0.30 0.30


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Fi 0.94 0.14
Length 1.00 6.00 m


LTB
l1 6.00 m

Linear moment distribution
No lateral support

Buckling check

Table of values
Fi 0.14
unity check 0.39

83.69 < 215.00 MPa


Table of values
Fi x 0.94
Gamma x 1.20
Beta m x 0.85
Beta t y 0.65
Fi b y 1.00
unity check 0.10

12.29 +8.42 +0.01=20.72 < 215.00 MPa

Compression and bending (tension side)

Table of values
Gamma x 1.05
Beta m x 0.85
Gamma y 1.20
Beta m y 0.65
unity check 0.03

11.57 +-3.87 +-0.23=7.48 < 215.00 MPa


Table of values
Fi y 0.14
Beta t x 0.85
Fi b x 1.00
Beta m y 0.65
Gamma y 1.20
unity check 0.44

83.69 +10.07 +0.01=93.77 < 215.00 MPa


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1.22 PST.06.11 01 : Korean Steel Code Check Tutorial Frame

Description
The unity check according to KS of members 4, 7 and macro 18 of the Tutorial Frame project are calculated manually.
The result is compared with the result of ESA-Prima Win.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

Ref.[1] Korean Standard


Result

Member/Macro EPW Manually % Diff.
member 7 0.30
0.14
0.30
0.14
0 %
0 %
member 19 0.50
0.38
0.50
0.38
0 %
0 %
macro 18 0.53 0.53 0 %


Version

PST061101.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)
Korean Steel Code Check (PST.06.11)

Author
CVL


Buckling data



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251
9. System length L: Since there are no intermediate restraints on this member the system length L = the full
member length for all buckling modes. (L=6m)
11. Sway modes: Y-Y: non-sway Z-Z: non-sway. Buckling factor kx=ky=1.0.
12. The load application is on the top flange.

Check of IPE270 section.

Section data
E 210000 N/mm
A 4590 mm
f
y
240 N/mm
F
y
2.4 t/cm
W
x
429000 mm
W
y
62200 mm
i
x
112 mm
i
y
30.2 mm
S
x
242000 mm

height h 270 mm
width b 135 mm
flange t
f
10.2 mm
web t
w
6.6 mm
radius r 15 mm

Now, we will discuss the different steps :

e) Width-to-thickness ratio for webs. (Using art.4.1.)

b/t
w
= 219.6 / 6.6 = 33.27

Actually, the web is subjected to bending and tension.
But because of the small value of this tensile force (0.15 kN), we consider bending only.
For this case, the maximal ratio for a non-slender section is

110/Fy = 71.0

Since 33.27 < 71 , the web is no slender element.

f) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges (Using art.4.1.)

b/t
f
= 67.5/10.2 = 6.61

Max. ratio for outstanding element is 24/Fy = 15.5.


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Since 6.62 < 15.5 , the flanges are no slender elements.

Section IPE270 is no slender section.

Stability check



X = 0.15 kN (tension)
Mx = 9.72 kNm

Stability check for Bending + Tension

Using article 3.3.2. and formula (3.3.) and (3.4.) :

1
f
t t
1
f
c
f
c
f
t
by bx t
by
by
bx
bx
bx
t
+ +

E 210000 N/mm
A 4590 mm

N 0.15 kN
M
x
9.72 kNm

f
t
160 N/mm
f
by
160 N/mm
f
bx
l
b
= 6000 mm
C
m
= 1.0
A
f
= 270 x 10.2 = 1377 mm
h = 270 mm
1/6 of beam heigth = (270-10.2)/6 = 43.3 mm
A
r
= 270 x 10.2 + 43.3 x 6.6 = 1663 mm
I
r
= 10.2 135 / 12 + 43.3 6.6 / 12 = 2092355 mm
4

i
b
= sqrt(I
r
/A
r
) = 35.5 mm
p
= 120
formula (2.7) f
bx
= 33 N/mm
formula (2.8) f
bx
= 77 N/mm
77 N/mm

t
150/4590 = 0.03 N/mm
c
bx
9720000/429000 = 22.66 N/mm
t
bx
9720000/429000 = 22.66 N/mm
c
by
0 N/mm
t
by
0 N/mm


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formula (3.4) compression side :

-0.03/77 + 22.6/77 = 0.29

formula (3.3) tension side :

+0.03/160 + 22.6/160 = 0.14


Buckling data

9. System length L: The beams on a height of 3m provide restraint to the column. Therefore
y
= L
z
= 5 m.
Z-Z: non-sway
12. K factors : Kx = 0.85 / Ky = 0.90

Check of HEB160 section

The critial check is performed on section 0.0 m for combination number 3.
The internal forces are :

N -33.14 kN
Vy 3.96 kN
Mx 19.79 kNm
My 0.32 kNm

Section data
E 210000 N/mm
A 5430 mm
f
y
240 N/mm
Fy 2.4 t/cm
W
x
311000 mm
W
y
111000 mm
i
x
67.8 mm
i
y
40.5 mm
S
x
177000 mm

height h 160 mm
width b 160 mm
flange t
f
13 mm
web t
w
8 mm
radius r 15 mm


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a) Width-to-thickness ratio for webs. (Using Art.4.1)
b/t
w
= 104 / 8 = 13

For this case, the limit is

f
y
P
P
100
F
110

P = 33.14 kN
Pf = 240 N/mm x A = 1303 kN

limit = 68.46.

Since 13 < 68.46, the web is no slender section element.

d) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges (Using Art.4.1.)

b/t
f
= 80/13 = 6.15

Max. ratio for flange subject to compression/bending is 15.5.

Section HEB160 is no slender section.

Section check

This check is executed at member 19 on position x = 0 m. (start of member 19)
Combination 3 :

s
w
f
It
VS
< =

V 3.96 kN
S 177000 mm
I 24920000 mm
4

t
w
8 mm
f
s
92.4 N/mm

= 3.54 N/mm < 92.4 N/mm

Unity check = 3.54/92.4 = 0.04





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Using article 3.3.1.., and formula (E3.2) and (E3.3.) :

1
f
t t
1
f
c
f
c
f
t
c by bx
by
by
bx
bx
c
c

N 33.14 kN
M
x
19.779 kNm
M
y
0.32 kNm
W
x
311500 mm
W
y
111200 mm

f
c
slenderness
x
= 4260/67.8
slenderness
x
= 62.86
using Table pp.270
f
cx
= 127 N/mm

slenderness
y
= 4510/40.5
slenderness
y
= 111
using Table pp.270
f
cy
= 76 N/mm

f
c
= 76 N/mm
f
t
160 N/mm
f
by
160 N/mm
f
bx
l
b
= 5000 mm
M1=0.0 C
m
= 1.75
A
f
= 160 x 13 = 2080 mm
h = 160 mm
1/6 of beam heigth = (160-13)/6 = 24.5 mm
A
r
= 160 x 13 + 24.5 x 8 = 2276 mm
I
r
= 13 160 / 12 + 24.5 8 / 12 = 4438379 mm
4

i
b
= sqrt(I
r
/A
r
) = 44.16 mm
p
= 120
formula (2.7) f
bx
= 127.44 N/mm
formula (2.8) f
bx
= 234 N/mm
160 N/mm

c
33140/5430 = 6.10 N/mm
c
bx
19790000/311000 = 63.6 N/mm
t
bx
19790000/311000 = 63.6 N/mm
c
by
320000/111000 = 2.8 N/mm
t
by
320000/111000 = 2.8 N/mm

formula (E3.2.):

6.1/76.00 + 63.6/160 + 2.8/160 =
0.08 + 0.40 + 0.02 = 0.50 > 1


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formula (E3.3.):

-6.1/160.00 + 63.6/160 + 2.8/160 =
-0.04 + 0.40 + 0.02 = 0.38 > 1


Buckling data

10. System length L:

For each member:

L
y
= memberlength = 1m.
L
z
L
ltb
13. K factors : Kx =1.0 ; Ky = 0.94

Check of T120/120/13 section

Section data
E 210000 N/mm
A 2960 mm
f
y
240 N/mm
F
y
2.4 t/cm
W
x
42000 mm
W
y
29700 mm
i
x
35.1 mm
i
y
24.5 mm
I
x
3660000 mm
4

I
y
1780000 mm
4

e
x
32.8 mm

height h 120 mm
width b 120 mm
flange t
f
13 mm
web t
w
13 mm
radius r 13 mm


a) Width-to-thickness ratio for webs of T section. (Using Art.4.1)
b/t
w
= (120-13) / 13 = 8.23


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Since 8.23 < 15.5 , the web is no slender section element.

b) Width-to-thickness ratio for outstand flanges (Using Art.4.1.)

b/t
f
= 60/13 = 4.62

Max. ratio for flange subject to compression/bending is 15.5.

Section is no slender section.

Stability check



Using article 3.3.1.., and formula (E3.2) and (E3.3.) :

1
f
t t
1
f
c
f
c
f
t
c by bx
by
by
bx
bx
c
c

N 25.35 kN
M
x
0.39 kNm
M
y
0.02 kNm

f
c
slenderness
x
= 1000/35.1
slenderness
x
= 28.44
using Table pp.270
f
cx
= 153 N/mm

slenderness
y
= 5640/24.5
slenderness
y
= 230
using Table pp.270
f
cy
= 18.1 N/mm

f
c
= 18.1 N/mm
f
t
160 N/mm
f
by
160 N/mm
f
bx
The flange is in tension
160 N/mm

c
25350/2960 = 8.56 N/mm
c
bx
390000/42000 = 9.3 N/mm
t
bx
390000*32.8/3660000 = 3.5 N/mm
c
by
0.00 N/mm
t
by
20000/29700 = 0.67 N/mm


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formula (E3.2.):

8.56/18.10 + 9.3/160 + 0 =
0.47 + 0.06 + 0 = 0.53 < 1

formula (E3.3.):

-8.56/160.00 + 3.5/160 + 0.67/160 =
-0.05 + 0.02 + 0 = 0.03 < 1


KS Check

Macro 4 Member 7 IPE270 SS41 Ult. comb 7 0.30

Material data
fabrication rolled


Cfr. Chapter 4. ratio limit ratio
Webs 33.27 71.00
Outstanding flanges 6.62 15.49


Axis definition :

Internal forces
N 0.15 kN
Vx 0.00 kN
Vy 1.50 kN
Mt 0.00 kNm
Mx 9.72 kNm
My -0.00 kNm

LTB data
Unsupported length lb 6.00 m
cm 1.00

Shear check

Table of values
tau 0.95 MPa
Allow. shear stress fs 92.38 MPa
unity check 0.01

Combined stresses (tension and bending)
Compression side: according to article 3.3.2. and formula (3.4)


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Tension side: according to article 3.3.2. and formula (3.3)

Table of values Article Formula
ft 2.1.1. (2.1)
fbx 2.1.4.a (2.7 / 2.8)
fby 2.1.4.b (2.1)

Table of values
sigma t 0.03 MPa
t sigma b x -22.67 MPa
t sigma b y -0.00 MPa
c sigma b x 22.67 MPa
c sigma b y 0.00 MPa
ft 160.00 MPa
fbx 76.50 MPa
fby 160.00 MPa
Af 1377.00 mm^2
lb/ib 169.14

-0.00+0.30+0.00=0.30 < 1 ((3.4))
0.00+0.14+0.00=0.14 < 1 ((3.3))


Table of values
a 6.00 m
d 0.22 m
t 6.60 mm
alfa 2.00
k1 32.00
C1 0.27
sigma 0 160.00 MPa
sigma 18.47 MPa
k2 5.35
C2 0.67
v0 92.38 MPa
v 1.03 MPa

0.01+0.00=0.01 < 1 ((7.3))



Macro 11 Member 19 HEB160 SS41 Ult. comb 4 0.50

Material data
fabrication rolled


Webs 13.00 68.46


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Axis definition :

Internal forces
N -33.14 kN
Vx 0.06 kN
Vy -3.96 kN
Mt -0.00 kNm
Mx 19.79 kNm
My -0.32 kNm

Length 5.00 5.00 m
Euler stress fe 529.23 154.12 MPa
Allow. compr. stress fc 127.22 70.82 MPa

LTB data
cm 1.75

Shear check

Table of values
tau 3.53 MPa
unity check 0.04

Combined stresses (compression and bending)
Compression side: according to article 3.3.1. and formula (3.1) (E3.2.)
Tension side: according to article 3.3.1. and formula (3.2) (E3.3.)

fc 2.1.3. (2.3)(2.4)
ft 2.1.1. (2.1)
fbx 2.1.4.a (2.7 / 2.8)
fby 2.1.4.b (2.1)

Table of values
sigma c 6.10 MPa
c sigma b y 2.85 MPa
fc 70.82 MPa
ft 160.00 MPa
fbx 160.00 MPa
fby 160.00 MPa
Af 2080.00 mm^2
lb/ib 113.23


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0.09+0.40+0.02=0.50 < 1 ((3.1) (E3.2.))
-0.04+0.40+0.02=0.38 < 1 ((3.2) (E3.3.))


Table of values
a 5.00 m
d 0.10 m
t 8.00 mm
alfa 1.74
k1 23.75
C1 0.32
sigma 0 160.00 MPa
sigma 47.42 MPa
k2 5.34
C2 0.67
v0 92.38 MPa
v 4.76 MPa

0.09+0.00=0.09 < 1 ((7.3))



KS Check

Macro 18 Member 47 T120/120/13 SS41 Ult. comb 7 0.53

Material data
fabrication rolled




Axis definition :

Internal forces
N -25.35 kN
Vx -0.00 kN
Vy -0.31 kN
Mt -0.00 kNm
Mx 0.39 kNm
My 0.02 kNm

Length 1.00 6.00 m


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Euler stress fe 2562.76 39.18 MPa
Allow. compr. stress fc 152.60 18.09 MPa


LTB data

Shear check

Table of values
tau 0.59 MPa
unity check 0.01

Combined stresses (compression and bending)
Compression side: according to article 3.3.1. and formula (3.1) (E3.2.)
Tension side: according to article 3.3.1. and formula (3.2) (E3.3.)

fc 2.1.3. (2.3)(2.4)
ft 2.1.1. (2.1)
fbx 2.1.4.a (2.7 / 2.8)
fby 2.1.4.b (2.1)

Table of values
sigma c 8.56 MPa
c sigma b y -0.03 MPa
fc 18.09 MPa
ft 160.00 MPa
fbx 160.00 MPa
fby 160.00 MPa

0.47+0.06+0.00=0.53 < 1 ((3.1) (E3.2.))
-0.05+0.02+0.00=-0.03 < 1 ((3.2) (E3.3.))



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2. CONNECTIONS

2.1 PST.07.01 01 : Calculation of a base plate

Description
Calculation of a bolted base plate connection. The moment resistance MRd, the normal force resistance NRd and the
shear resistance VRd are calculated manually for node 10 and compared with the result from ESA-Prima Win.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

[2] Eurocode 3
Part 1 - 1 : General rules and rules for buildings
ENV 1993-1-1:1992, 1992

Revised annex J : Joints in building frames
ENV 1993-1-1/pr A2

See the chapter "Manual calculation" for the manual calculation of the connection according to Eurocode 3.

Result

Manual calculation EPW % Diff.
M
Rd
44.99 kNm 44.76 kNm 0.51 %
N
Rd,t
406 kN 406 kN 0 %
N
Rd,c
1633 kN 1644 kN 0.67 %
V
Rd
64.5 kN 64.5 kN 0 %


Version

PST070101.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)
Connect Frame - Rigid (PST.07.01)

Author
CVL


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Manual calculation

CD
HEB280
Section CD
1 5
15

2.1.1 The design compression resistance N
Rd,c
(Ref.[2]-Annex L)

j c , Rd
Af N =

with A the resulting bearing area (The area in compression
under the base plate)
f
j
the bearing strength of the joint

cd j j j
f k f = = 22 N/mm

j
0.66
k
j
2.00
f
cd
25 N/mm

For the determination of the resulting bearing area the additional bearing width c is introduced.
0
M j
y
f 3
f
t c

=

with t the thickness of the steel base plate
= 40 mm
f
y
the yield strength of the steel base plate material
= 235 N/mm

In this case we have :

mm 9 . 71
1 . 1 22 3
235
40 c =

=

For the resulting bearing area we have :


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= 74233 mm

NRd,c = 74233 x 22 = 1633 kN

2.1.2 The design moment resistance

The design compression resistance for concrete under the flange.

j fl Rd , base , c
f A F =

with f
j
the bearing strength of the joint
A
fl
the bearing area under the compression flange.

= 29392

kN 647 22 29392 F
Rd , base , c
= =

Column flange in compression F
c,fb,Rd
(Ref.[3]-J.3.5.4)

The plastic moment of HEB280 = 360 kNm.
M
c,Rd
= 360/1.1 = 327 kN

F
c,fb,Rd
= M
c,Rd
/h = 1249 kN
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 97 . 71 2 18 280 5 . 10 97 . 71 2 280 2 97 . 71 18 15 A + + + + =
( ) 280 97 . 71 18 15 A
fl
+ + =


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Design tension resistance of anchor row

e 60 mm
m 79.85-10.5/2-0.8x6x2 = 67.8 mm
m
2
277-228-0.8x9x2=38.8 mm
1
67.8/(67.8+60)= 0.531
2
38.8/(67.8+60)= 0.304

6.00
p 144 mm
l
eff,cp,i
2m = 426 mm
l
eff,nc,i
m = 406 mm
l
eff,cp,g
m+p = 357 mm
l
eff,nc,g
0.5p+m-(2m+0.625e) = 305 mm

For individual bolt row :

l
eff,1
406 mm
l
eff,2
406 mm
M
pl,1,Rd

(elastic moment is taken M
pl
= l
eff
tf
y
/ 6)
23129696
Nmm
M
pl,2,Rd
23129696
Nmm
F
t,Rd,1
1364 kN
F
t,Rd,2
457 kN
F
t,Rd,3
203 kN

For bolt group :

l
eff,1
610 mm
l
eff,2
610 mm
M
pl,1,Rd

(elastic moment is taken M
pl
= l
eff
tf
y
/ 6)
34466666
Nmm
M
pl,2,Rd
34466666
Nmm
F
t,Rd,1
2033 kN
F
t,Rd,2
729 kN
F
t,Rd,3
406 kN

kN 6 . 101
25 . 1
400 353 9 . 0
f A 9 . 0
Rd , Bt
mb
ub s
=

= =


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At the first anchor row, we have F
t,1
=203 kN (<327<647 kN). Since 203 kN > 1.9 B
t,Rd
, the following bolt row is linear
determined in relation to the compression point.

F
t,2
=60x203/204=59 kN

M
Rd
= 203 x 0.204 + 59 x 0.06 = 44.99 kN

2.1.3 The design tension resistance N
Rd,t

It is the design tension resistance for the group of all bolt-rows (no compression limits).
N
Rd,t
is the resistance against tension due to uplift.

N
Rd,t
= 406 kN

2.1.4 The design shear resistance V
Rd
.

For anchors, this value need to be corrected with 0.85 (Ref.[3] 6.5.5.(6))

Since all bolts are under tension, the V
Rd
is given by

V
Rd
= 0.28 x 67.7 x 0.85 x 4 = 64.5 kN

kN 7 . 67
25 . 1
400 353 6 . 0
f A 6 . 0
F
Mb
ub s
Rd , v
=

= =


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Calculation note

Node 10 : bolted baseplate connection
According to EC3, Annex L & Revised Annex J

1. Input data

Column HEB280
h 280.00 mm
b 280.00 mm
tf 18.00 mm
tw 10.50 mm
r 24.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25
Gamma c 1.50
Gamma fr 2.00

Concrete block
fck_c 25.00 MPa
bond condition poor
Beta_j 0.66
kj 2.00
kfr 0.25

Baseplate
h 311.00 mm
b 281.00 mm
t 40.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

type straight
bar type high bond
grade 4.6
fu 400.00 MPa
As 353.00 mm^2
do 26.00 mm
S 36.00 mm
e 39.60 mm
h head 15.00 mm
h nut 19.00 mm

Anchor position

1 228.00 159.70
2 84.00 159.70

Internal forces

Loadcase number 1


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Loadcase number 1
N -293.31 kN
Vz 1.90 kN
My -3.71 kNm

Tension on left side.

WARNING: NSd > 0.1*Npl,Rd,Column

Projected forces (Reactions)
N' = -293.31 kN
T' = 1.90 kN

2. Design compression resistance NRd,c
According to EC3, Annex L

NRd,c data
fcd 16.67 MPa
fj 22.00 MPa
c 71.97 mm
Resulting bearing area 74725.46 mm^2
NRd,c 1643.96 kN

3.1 Design resistance of basic components

3.1.1. Concrete in compression.

Fc,base,Rd data
Fc,base,Rd 655.08 kN
Area under compression flange. 29776.36 mm^2
h eq 193.48 mm

3.1.2 Column flange and web in compression (J.3.5.4)

Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 1250.83 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 327.72 kNm
hb-tfb 262.00 mm

3.1.3. Design tension resistance of anchor row
Bt,Rd = 101.66 kN

1 0.0+72.0 5.99 60.65 67.81 60.65
2 72.0+ 0.0 5.99 60.65 67.81 60.65

1 426.07 406.52
2 426.07 406.52

1 - - - - 357.04 305.00
2 - - 357.04 305.00 - -

For individual anchor row:

1 406.52 406.52 406.52 203.33 911.91


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2 406.52 406.52 406.52 203.33 911.91

For anchor group:

1- 1 406.52 406.52 406.52 203.33 911.91
1- 2 609.99 609.99 609.99 406.66 1368.32

3.2 Determination of Mj,Rd

row h[mm] Ft[kN]
1 203.00 203.33
2 59.00 59.10

Mj,Rd = 44.76 kNm
Mj,Rd = 44.76 kNm(inclusive normal force)

4. Design tension resistance NRd,t
NRd,t = 406.66 kN


VRd data
VRd 64.52 kN
Fv,Rd 57.61 kN
e1,ep 83.00 mm
p1 144.00 mm
alfa,ep 1.00
Fb,ep,Rd 691.20 kN

6.1 Design rotational stiffness

row k5[mm] k7[mm] keff[mm]
1 53.21 2.29 2.19
2 53.21 2.29 2.19

Sj data
Sj 17.88 MNm/rad
Sj,ini 17.88 MNm/rad
z 170.57 mm
mu 1.00
kc 22.33 mm
keq 3.37 mm

6.2 Stiffness classification
Not applicable.

Not applicable.

t > 0.53 sqrt(fub/fy) d
This results in a non-ductile classification for ductility : class 3.

7. Unity checks

Unity checks
NSd/NRd,c 0.18
MSd/MjRd 0.08
VSd/VRd 0.03


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8. Design Calculations.
8.1 Anchorage length.
Designed for Loadcase number 1

Anchorage data
Ft,anchor,max 101.66 kN
As,req 353.00 mm^2
As,prov 353.00 mm^2
lb 916.59 mm
a 1.00
lb,net 916.59 mm
lb,min 274.98 mm
l,anchor 916.59 mm

8.2. Calculation weldsize
8.2.1. Calculation af

data
MRd 44.76 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 262.00 mm
FRd 239.19 kN
NT,Rd 1076.73 kN
N 821.98 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 5.77 mm
af 9.00 mm

8.2.2. Calculation aw

data
Ft 203.33 kN
Fv 0.95 kN
lw 406.52 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 6.00 mm


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2.2 PST.07.01 02 : Calculation of a bolted connection

Description
Five bolted connections are calculated with ESA-Prima Win. The moment resistance MRd and the stiffness Sj of node
3, 5, 6, 10 and 9 are compared with results from the literature.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

[2] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992, 1992

ENV 1993-1-1/pr A2

[4] Frame Design Including Joint Behaviour
Volume 2
january 1997

Result

Results for MRd (kNm)

Description Node
number
Source
result
Ref[4]
ESA-Prima Win
results
% Diff.
Worked example Chapter 2 3 30.60 32.75 6.6 %
Worked example Chapter 3a 5 20.25 21.37 5.53 %
Worked example Chapter 3b 6 20.25 21.37 5.53 %
Worked example Chapter 4a 10 24.10 29.52 22.49 %
Worked example Chapter 4b 9 24.10 29.52 22.49 %

Result for Sj,ini (kNm)

Description Node
number
Source
result
Ref[4]
ESA-Prima Win
results
% Diff.
Worked example Chapter 2 3 10617 11103 4.58 %
Worked example Chapter 3a 5 5906 5220 11.62 %
Worked example Chapter 3b 6 5977 5313 11.11 %
Worked example Chapter 4a 10 15433 15040 2.55 %
Worked example Chapter 4b 9 15433 15040 2.55 %

Remark : The source results are calculated with a simplified version of the revised ANNEX J.



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Version

PST070102.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
CVL

Calculation note

CD
IPE220
Section CD
HEB140
1
0
7
5
15 15

Figure 35 : node 3


1. Input data

Column HEB140
h 140.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
tf 12.00 mm
tw 7.00 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa



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h 220.00 mm
b 110.00 mm
tf 9.20 mm
tw 5.90 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

End plate
h 305.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
t 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts M-16 (DIN960)
type normal
grade 8.8
fu 800.00 MPa
As 157.00 mm^2
do 18.00 mm
S 24.00 mm
e 26.75 mm
h head 10.00 mm
h nut 13.00 mm

Bolt position

1 271.00 89.50
2 180.00 89.50
3 60.00 89.50

Internal forces

Loadcase number 1
N 1.12 kN
Vz 12.15 kN
My -7.51 kNm

Tension top


Vwp,Rd data
Vwp,Rd 145.64 kN
Beta 1.00
Avc 1312.00 mm^2


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Fc,wc,Rd data
Fc,wc,Rd 172.16 kN
beff 161.27 mm
twc 7.00 mm
ro1 0.71
ro2 0.45
ro 0.71
kwc 1.00
lambda_rel 0.54
dc 92.00 mm

2.1.3. Beam flange and web in compression (J.3.5.4.)

Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 289.85 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 61.10 kNm
hb-tfb 210.80 mm

Bt,Rd = 90.43 kN
kfc = 1.00

1 0.0+45.5 - 25.25 31.65 25.25 -
2 45.5+60.0 - 25.25 31.65 25.25 -
3 60.0+ 0.0 - 25.25 31.65 25.25 -

1 198.86 158.16
2 198.86 158.16
3 198.86 158.16

1 - - - - 190.43 124.58
2 211.00 105.50 190.43 124.58 219.43 139.08
3 - - 219.43 139.08 - -


1 158.16 158.16 158.16 123.02 170.44 0.72
2 158.16 158.16 158.16 123.02 170.44 0.72
3 158.16 158.16 158.16 123.02 170.44 0.72

For bolt group:

1- 1 158.16 158.16 158.16 123.02 170.44 0.72
1- 2 249.16 249.16 249.16 227.88 205.20 0.55
1- 3 369.16 369.16 369.16 340.58 224.57 0.41

2.1.4.2. Endplate

1 0.0+45.5 - 34.00 35.34 34.00
2 45.5+60.0 5.11 25.25 38.41 25.25


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3 60.0+ 0.0 5.11 25.25 38.41 25.25

1 161.53 70.00
2 241.31 196.28
3 241.31 196.28

1 161.53 70.00 - - - -
2 - - - - 240.66 163.69
3 - - 240.66 163.69 - -


1 70.00 70.00 70.00 95.20 -
2 196.28 196.28 196.28 145.85 247.40
3 196.28 196.28 196.28 145.85 247.40

For bolt group:

1- 1 70.00 70.00 70.00 95.20 -
2- 2 196.28 196.28 196.28 145.85 247.40
2- 3 327.37 327.37 327.37 267.09 412.64


row h[mm] Ft[kN]
1 256.40 95.20
2 165.40 50.44
3 45.40 0.00

Mj,Rd = 32.75 kNm


VRd data
VRd 188.10 kN
Fv,Rd 60.29 kN
e1,ep 34.00 mm
p1 91.00 mm
alfa,ep 0.63
alfa,fc 1.00
Fb,ep,Rd 108.80 kN
VRd beam 138.24 kN
VRd beam 196.25 kN


1 5.77 6.64 4.55 6.52 1.43
2 4.89 5.62 8.29 6.52 1.52

Sj data
Sj 11.10 MNm/rad


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Sj data
z 219.41 mm
mu 1.00
k1 2.27 mm
k2 8.59 mm
keq 2.82 mm


Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 27699999.92 mm^4
Lb 2500.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 18.61 MNm/rad
S2 1.16 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID


Stiffness data
Fi y infinity MNm/rad
Sj,app infinity MNm/rad
Sj,lower boundary 18.61 MNm/rad
Sj,upper boundary infinity MNm/rad

Sj,ini is not inside the boundaries.
The actual joint stiffness is not conform with the joint stiffness of the analysis model.

The failure mode is situated in the column shear zone.
This results in a ductile classification for ductility : class 1.

5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.23
VSd/VRd 0.06



data
MRd 32.75 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 210.80 mm
FRd 217.52 kN
NT,Rd 216.20 kN
N 216.20 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 3.86 mm
af 5.00 mm
Minimum th 9.20 mm

6.2. Calculation aw

data
Ft 50.44 kN
Fv 4.05 kN


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data
lw 196.28 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 3.00 mm

CD
IPE220
Section CD
HEB140
7
7
15 15

Figure 36 : node 5


1. Input data

Column HEB140
h 140.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
tf 12.00 mm
tw 7.00 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 220.00 mm
b 110.00 mm
tf 9.20 mm
tw 5.90 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25


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End plate
h 206.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
t 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts M-16 (DIN960)
type normal
grade 8.8
fu 800.00 MPa
As 157.00 mm^2
do 18.00 mm
S 24.00 mm
e 26.75 mm
h head 10.00 mm
h nut 13.00 mm

Bolt position

1 163.00 89.50
2 43.00 89.50

Internal forces

Loadcase number 1
N 1.12 kN
Vz 12.15 kN
My -8.27 kNm

Tension top


Vwp,Rd data
Vwp,Rd 145.64 kN
Beta 1.00
Avc 1312.00 mm^2


Fc,wc,Rd data
Fc,wc,Rd 162.16 kN
beff 144.27 mm
twc 7.00 mm
ro1 0.75
ro2 0.50
ro 0.75
kwc 1.00
lambda_rel 0.51
dc 92.00 mm


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 289.85 kN
section class 1


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280
Fc,fb,Rd data
Mc,Rd 61.10 kNm
hb-tfb 210.80 mm

Bt,Rd = 90.43 kN
kfc = 1.00

1 0.0+60.0 - 25.25 31.65 25.25 -
2 60.0+ 0.0 - 25.25 31.65 25.25 -

1 198.86 158.16
2 198.86 158.16

1 - - - - 219.43 139.08
2 - - 219.43 139.08 - -


1 158.16 158.16 158.16 123.02 170.44 0.72
2 158.16 158.16 158.16 123.02 170.44 0.72

For bolt group:

1- 1 158.16 158.16 158.16 123.02 170.44 0.72
1- 2 278.16 278.16 278.16 235.72 211.64 0.51

2.1.4.2. Endplate

1 0.0+60.0 5.11 25.25 38.41 25.25
2 60.0+ 0.0 5.11 25.25 38.41 25.25

1 241.31 196.28
2 241.31 196.28

1 - - - - 240.66 163.69
2 - - 240.66 163.69 - -


1 196.28 196.28 196.28 145.85 247.40
2 196.28 196.28 196.28 145.85 247.40

For bolt group:


SCIA Software

281
1- 1 196.28 196.28 196.28 145.85 247.40
1- 2 327.37 327.37 327.37 267.09 412.64


row h[mm] Ft[kN]
1 165.40 123.02
2 45.40 22.63

Mj,Rd = 21.37 kNm


VRd data
VRd 67.52 kN
Fv,Rd 60.29 kN
e1,ep 43.00 mm
p1 120.00 mm
alfa,ep 0.80
alfa,fc 1.00
Fb,ep,Rd 137.60 kN
VRd beam 138.24 kN
VRd beam 196.25 kN


1 6.44 7.41 8.29 6.52 1.77
2 6.44 7.41 8.29 6.52 1.77

Sj data
Sj 5.22 MNm/rad
Sj,ini 5.22 MNm/rad
z 139.56 mm
mu 1.00
k1 3.57 mm
k2 7.68 mm
keq 2.68 mm


Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 27699999.92 mm^4
Lb 2500.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 18.61 MNm/rad
S2 1.16 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID


Stiffness data


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5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.39
VSd/VRd 0.18



data
MRd 21.37 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 210.80 mm
FRd 141.95 kN
NT,Rd 216.20 kN
N 141.95 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 2.53 mm
af 5.00 mm
Minimum th 6.04 mm

6.2. Calculation aw

data
Ft 123.02 kN
Fv 6.08 kN
lw 196.28 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 3.00 mm


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283
AB
IPE220
Section AB
HEB140
1
0
1
0
15 15

Figure 37 : node 6


1. Input data

Column HEB140
h 140.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
tf 12.00 mm
tw 7.00 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 220.00 mm
b 110.00 mm
tf 9.20 mm
tw 5.90 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

End plate
h 240.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
t 15.00 mm


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284
End plate
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts M-16 (DIN960)
type normal
grade 8.8
fu 800.00 MPa
As 157.00 mm^2
do 18.00 mm
S 24.00 mm
e 26.75 mm
h head 10.00 mm
h nut 13.00 mm

Bolt position

1 180.00 89.50
2 60.00 89.50

Internal forces

Loadcase number 1
N 1.12 kN
Vz 12.15 kN
My -8.27 kNm

Tension top


Vwp,Rd data
Vwp,Rd 145.64 kN
Beta 1.00
Avc 1312.00 mm^2


Fc,wc,Rd data
Fc,wc,Rd 172.16 kN
beff 161.27 mm
twc 7.00 mm
ro1 0.71
ro2 0.45
ro 0.71
kwc 1.00
lambda_rel 0.54
dc 92.00 mm


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 289.85 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 61.10 kNm
hb-tfb 210.80 mm



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285
Bt,Rd = 90.43 kN
kfc = 1.00

1 0.0+60.0 - 25.25 31.65 25.25 -
2 60.0+ 0.0 - 25.25 31.65 25.25 -

1 198.86 158.16
2 198.86 158.16

1 - - - - 219.43 139.08
2 - - 219.43 139.08 - -


1 158.16 158.16 158.16 123.02 170.44 0.72
2 158.16 158.16 158.16 123.02 170.44 0.72

For bolt group:

1- 1 158.16 158.16 158.16 123.02 170.44 0.72
1- 2 278.16 278.16 278.16 235.72 211.64 0.51

2.1.4.2. Endplate

1 0.0+60.0 5.11 25.25 38.41 25.25
2 60.0+ 0.0 5.11 25.25 38.41 25.25

1 241.31 196.28
2 241.31 196.28

1 - - - - 240.66 163.69
2 - - 240.66 163.69 - -


1 196.28 196.28 196.28 145.85 247.40
2 196.28 196.28 196.28 145.85 247.40

For bolt group:

1- 1 196.28 196.28 196.28 145.85 247.40
1- 2 327.37 327.37 327.37 267.09 412.64



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286
row h[mm] Ft[kN]
1 165.40 123.02
2 45.40 22.63

Mj,Rd = 21.37 kNm


VRd data
VRd 67.52 kN
Fv,Rd 60.29 kN
e1,ep 60.00 mm
p1 120.00 mm
alfa,ep 1.00
alfa,fc 1.00
Fb,ep,Rd 172.80 kN
VRd beam 138.24 kN
VRd beam 196.25 kN


1 6.44 7.41 8.29 6.52 1.77
2 6.44 7.41 8.29 6.52 1.77

Sj data
Sj 5.31 MNm/rad
Sj,ini 5.31 MNm/rad
z 139.56 mm
mu 1.00
k1 3.57 mm
k2 8.59 mm
keq 2.68 mm


Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 27699999.92 mm^4
Lb 2500.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 18.61 MNm/rad
S2 1.16 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID


Stiffness data




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287

5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.39
VSd/VRd 0.18



data
MRd 21.37 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 210.80 mm
FRd 141.95 kN
NT,Rd 216.20 kN
N 141.95 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 2.53 mm
af 5.00 mm
Minimum th 6.04 mm

6.2. Calculation aw

data
Ft 123.02 kN
Fv 6.07 kN
lw 196.28 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 3.00 mm

AB
IPE220
Section AB CD
IPE220
Section CD
7
7
15 15
7
7
15 15

Figure 38 : node 10


SCIA Software

288

1. Input data
Right side

h 220.00 mm
b 110.00 mm
tf 9.20 mm
tw 5.90 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

End plate
h 206.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
t 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts M-16 (DIN960)
type normal
grade 8.8
fu 800.00 MPa
As 157.00 mm^2
do 18.00 mm
S 24.00 mm
e 26.75 mm
h head 10.00 mm
h nut 13.00 mm

Bolt position

row y[mm]
1 163.00 90.00
2 43.00 90.00

Left side

h 220.00 mm
b 110.00 mm
tf 9.20 mm
tw 5.90 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

End plate
h 206.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
t 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25


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289
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Internal forces

Loadcase number 1
N 1.12 kN
Vz -0.00 kN
My 6.53 kNm

Tension bottom


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 289.85 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 61.10 kNm
hb-tfb 210.80 mm


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 289.85 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 61.10 kNm
hb-tfb 210.80 mm

Bt,Rd = 90.43 kN

2 0.0+60.0 5.09 25.00 38.66 25.00
1 60.0+ 0.0 5.09 25.00 38.66 25.00

row leff,cp,i
2 242.88 196.94
1 242.88 196.94

2 - - - - 241.44 164.01
1 - - 241.44 164.01 - -


2 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24
1 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24

For bolt group:

2- 2 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24
2- 1 328.01 328.01 328.01 265.91 413.44


SCIA Software

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2 0.0+60.0 5.09 25.00 38.66 25.00
1 60.0+ 0.0 5.09 25.00 38.66 25.00

row leff,cp,i
2 242.88 196.94
1 242.88 196.94

2 - - - - 241.44 164.01
1 - - 241.44 164.01 - -


2 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24
1 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24

For bolt group:

2- 2 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24
2- 1 328.01 328.01 328.01 265.91 413.44


row h[mm] Ft[kN]
2 165.40 145.39
1 45.40 120.52

Mj,Rd = 29.52 kNm


VRd data
VRd 67.52 kN
Fv,Rd 60.29 kN
data right
e1 43.00 mm
p1 120.00 mm
alfa,ep 0.80
Fb,ep,Rd 137.60 kN
data left
e1 43.00 mm
p1 120.00 mm
alfa,ep 0.80
Fb,ep,Rd 137.60 kN


2 8.15 8.15 6.05 2.43
1 8.15 8.15 6.05 2.43


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291

Sj data
Sj 15.04 MNm/rad
z 139.56 mm
mu 1.00
keq 3.68 mm

Right side

Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 27699999.92 mm^4
Lb 2500.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 18.61 MNm/rad
S2 1.16 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID
Left side

Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 27699999.92 mm^4
Lb 2500.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 18.61 MNm/rad
S2 1.16 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID

Right side

Stiffness data


Left side

Stiffness data

Sj is not inside the boundaries.


5. Unity checks

Unity checks


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292
Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.22
VSd/VRd 0.00



data
MRd 29.52 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 210.80 mm
FRd 196.05 kN
NT,Rd 216.20 kN
N 196.05 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 3.50 mm
af 5.00 mm


data
Ft 265.91 kN
Fv 0.00 kN
lw 328.01 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 3.00 mm


data
MRd 29.52 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 210.80 mm
FRd 196.05 kN
NT,Rd 216.20 kN
N 196.05 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 3.50 mm
af 5.00 mm


data
Ft 265.91 kN
Fv 0.00 kN
lw 328.01 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 3.00 mm


SCIA Software

293
AB
IPE220
Section AB CD
IPE220
Section CD
1
0
1
0
15 15
1
0
1
0
15 15

Figure 39 : node 9

1. Input data
Right side

h 220.00 mm
b 110.00 mm
tf 9.20 mm
tw 5.90 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

End plate
h 240.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
t 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts M-16 (DIN960)
type normal
grade 8.8
fu 800.00 MPa
As 157.00 mm^2
do 18.00 mm
S 24.00 mm
e 26.75 mm
h head 10.00 mm
h nut 13.00 mm

Bolt position

row y[mm]
1 180.00 90.00


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294
row y[mm]
2 60.00 90.00

Left side

h 220.00 mm
b 110.00 mm
tf 9.20 mm
tw 5.90 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

End plate
h 240.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
t 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Internal forces

Loadcase number 1
N -4.03 kN
Vz 0.00 kN
My 8.63 kNm

Tension bottom


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 289.85 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 61.10 kNm
hb-tfb 210.80 mm


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 289.85 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 61.10 kNm
hb-tfb 210.80 mm

Bt,Rd = 90.43 kN


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2 0.0+60.0 5.09 25.00 38.66 25.00
1 60.0+ 0.0 5.09 25.00 38.66 25.00

row leff,cp,i
2 242.88 196.94
1 242.88 196.94

2 - - - - 241.44 164.01
1 - - 241.44 164.01 - -


2 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24
1 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24

For bolt group:

2- 2 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24
2- 1 328.01 328.01 328.01 265.91 413.44


2 0.0+60.0 5.09 25.00 38.66 25.00
1 60.0+ 0.0 5.09 25.00 38.66 25.00

row leff,cp,i
2 242.88 196.94
1 242.88 196.94

2 - - - - 241.44 164.01
1 - - 241.44 164.01 - -


2 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24
1 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24

For bolt group:

2- 2 196.94 196.94 196.94 145.39 248.24
2- 1 328.01 328.01 328.01 265.91 413.44


row h[mm] Ft[kN]
2 165.40 145.39
1 45.40 120.52


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296

Mj,Rd = 29.52 kNm


VRd data
VRd 67.52 kN
Fv,Rd 60.29 kN
data right
e1 60.00 mm
p1 120.00 mm
alfa,ep 1.00
Fb,ep,Rd 172.80 kN
data left
e1 60.00 mm
p1 120.00 mm
alfa,ep 1.00
Fb,ep,Rd 172.80 kN


2 8.15 8.15 6.05 2.43
1 8.15 8.15 6.05 2.43

Sj data
Sj 15.04 MNm/rad
z 139.56 mm
mu 1.00
keq 3.68 mm

Right side

Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 27699999.92 mm^4
Lb 2500.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 18.61 MNm/rad
S2 1.16 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID
Left side

Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 27699999.92 mm^4
Lb 2500.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 18.61 MNm/rad
S2 1.16 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID

Right side

Stiffness data


SCIA Software

297
Stiffness data


Left side

Stiffness data

Sj is not inside the boundaries.


5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.29
VSd/VRd 0.00



data
MRd 29.52 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 210.80 mm
FRd 196.05 kN
NT,Rd 216.20 kN
N 196.05 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 3.50 mm
af 5.00 mm


data
Ft 265.91 kN
Fv 0.00 kN
lw 328.01 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 3.00 mm


data
MRd 29.52 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 210.80 mm
FRd 196.05 kN


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298
data
NT,Rd 216.20 kN
N 196.05 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 3.50 mm
af 5.00 mm


data
Ft 265.91 kN
Fv 0.00 kN
lw 328.01 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 3.00 mm


SCIA Software

299

Description
Calculation of a bolted connection : the moment resistance MRd and the stiffness Sj of node 1 are calculated with ESA-
Prima Win and compared with results from the literature.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

[2] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992, 1992

ENV 1993-1-1/pr A2

[4] Joints in Building Frames
(Revised Annex J)
CEN / TC250/SC3-PT9
September 1993

Result

Source
result
Ref.[4]
ESA-Prima
Win result
% Diff.
MRd 31.75 31.78 0 %
Sj,ini 11760 11592 1.43 %


Version

PST070103.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
CVL


SCIA Software

300
Calculation note

CD
IPE220
Section CD
HEB140
1
5
7
0
15 15


1. Input data

Column HEB140
h 140.00 mm
b 140.00 mm
tf 12.00 mm
tw 7.00 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 220.00 mm
b 110.00 mm
tf 9.20 mm
tw 5.90 mm
r 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

End plate
h 305.00 mm


SCIA Software

301
End plate
b 140.00 mm
t 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts M-16 (DIN960)
type normal
grade 8.8
fu 800.00 MPa
As 157.00 mm^2
do 18.00 mm
S 24.00 mm
e 26.75 mm
h head 10.00 mm
h nut 13.00 mm

Bolt position

1 265.00 80.00
2 195.00 80.00
3 55.00 80.00

Internal forces

Loadcase number 1
N 0.00 kN
Vz 9.65 kN
My -9.34 kNm

Tension top


Vwp,Rd data
Vwp,Rd 145.64 kN
Beta 1.00
Avc 1312.00 mm^2


Fc,wc,Rd data
Fc,wc,Rd 173.24 kN
beff 163.27 mm
twc 7.00 mm
ro1 0.71
ro2 0.45
ro 0.71
kwc 1.00
lambda_rel 0.54
dc 92.00 mm


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 289.85 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 61.10 kNm
hb-tfb 210.80 mm


SCIA Software

302

Bt,Rd = 90.43 kN
kfc = 1.00

1 0.0+35.0 - 30.00 26.90 30.00 -
2 35.0+70.0 - 30.00 26.90 30.00 -
3 70.0+ 0.0 - 30.00 26.90 30.00 -

1 169.02 145.10
2 169.02 145.10
3 169.02 145.10

1 - - - - 154.51 107.55
2 210.00 105.00 154.51 107.55 224.51 142.55
3 - - 224.51 142.55 - -


1 145.10 145.10 145.10 134.58 162.68 0.75
2 145.10 145.10 145.10 134.58 162.68 0.75
3 145.10 145.10 145.10 134.58 162.68 0.75

For bolt group:

1- 1 145.10 145.10 145.10 134.58 162.68 0.75
1- 2 215.10 215.10 215.10 245.99 195.32 0.61
1- 3 355.10 355.10 355.10 382.07 223.09 0.42

2.1.4.2. Endplate

1 0.0+35.0 - 40.00 24.34 30.43
2 35.0+70.0 5.99 30.00 33.66 30.00
3 70.0+ 0.0 5.99 30.00 33.66 30.00

1 136.48 70.00
2 211.47 201.57
3 211.47 201.57

1 136.48 70.00 - - - -
2 - - - - 245.73 185.51
3 - - 245.73 185.51 - -


1 70.00 70.00 70.00 88.46 -


SCIA Software

303
2 201.57 201.57 201.57 133.95 254.07
3 201.57 201.57 201.57 133.95 254.07

For bolt group:

1- 1 70.00 70.00 70.00 88.46 -
2- 2 201.57 201.57 201.57 133.95 254.07
2- 3 371.01 371.01 371.01 260.13 467.64


row h[mm] Ft[kN]
1 245.40 88.46
2 175.40 57.18
3 35.40 0.00

Mj,Rd = 31.74 kNm


VRd data
VRd 188.10 kN
Fv,Rd 60.29 kN
e1,ep 40.00 mm
p1 70.00 mm
alfa,ep 0.74
alfa,fc 1.00
Fb,ep,Rd 102.40 kN
VRd beam 138.24 kN
VRd beam 196.25 kN


1 8.12 5.73 7.13 7.08 1.73
2 7.92 5.59 7.15 7.08 1.71

Sj data
Sj 11.59 MNm/rad
z 216.42 mm
mu 1.00
k1 2.30 mm
k2 8.70 mm
keq 3.34 mm


Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 27699999.92 mm^4
Lb 2000.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 23.27 MNm/rad
S2 1.45 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID


SCIA Software

304

Stiffness data



5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.29
VSd/VRd 0.05



data
MRd 31.74 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 210.80 mm
FRd 210.79 kN
NT,Rd 216.20 kN
N 210.79 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 3.76 mm
af 5.00 mm
Minimum th 8.97 mm

6.2. Calculation aw

data
Ft 57.18 kN
Fv 3.22 kN
lw 201.57 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 3.00 mm


SCIA Software

305

Description
Calculation of a bolted connection : a manual calculation for the moment resistance MRd and the stiffness Sj are
performed for node 3 and compared with the EPW results.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

[2] Eurocode 3
Part 1 1 : General rules and rules for buildings
ENV 1993-1-1:1992, 1992

ENV 1993-1-1/pr A2


Result

Manual calc. ESA-Prima
Win result
% Diff.
MRd 30.9 30.2 2.27 %
VRd 231 231 0 %
Sj,ini 7882 7795 1.10 %


Version

PST070104.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
CVL

Manual calculation

Beam to column.


SCIA Software

306
Bolted flush end-plate.

The references are default made to Ref[3], if not the reference is mentioned.

1. Input data.

Beam & Column :
Column HEA 160
Beam IPE 270
For the properties of the beam and the column, see input file.

Bolts:
M-16, grade 10.9
For the position of the bolts, see the chapter Calculation note.

End-plate:
Flush end-plate with a thickness of 12.0 mm.

CD
IPE270
Section CD
HEA160
1
5
5

2. Design moment resistance M
Rd
.

2.1 Design resistance of the basic components.

2.1.1 Column web panel in shear. (J.3.5.2)

V
wp,Rd
Formula (J.16)
A
vc
(Ref[2], 5.4.6)
= 1324 mm
V
wp,Rd
= 146.98 kN

Transformation parameter : Ref[3].Table J.4
= 1


SCIA Software

307

2.1.2 Column web in compression. (J.3.5.3)

F
c,wc,Rd
Formula (J.18) + Annexed page J39

b
eff,c
: The effective width of the column web in compression Formula (J.19)
= 166.08
: Reduction factor for possible effects of shear in the column web panel. Table J.5
= 1 = 0.76
: Relative slenderness of the column web.
d
c
= the clear depth of the column web.
d
c
= 152 - 2(9 + 15) = 104 mm
= 0.68 > 0.67, so reduction factor for local buckling is necessary.
Reduction factor:
= 0.995
k
wc
: Reduction factor for longitudinal compressive stress in the column.

com,Ed
= 42.4 N/mm < 0.5f
y,wc

k
wc
= 1.0

F
c,wc,Rd
= 160.54 kN

2.1.3. Beam flange and part of web in compression. (J.3.5.4)

F
c,fb,Rd
Formula (J.23)

M
c,Rd
The design moment resistance of the beam cross-section (EC3 5.4.5 & 5.4.7)
The beam is a class-1 section (W
pl
is used)
M
c,Rd
= 103.4 kNm
h
b
- t
fb
= 259.8 mm

F
c,fb,Rd
= 398.0 kN

2.1.4 Design tension resistance of the bolt rows.

B
t,Rd
The design tension resistance of a bolt assembly.
= F
t,,Rd
(Ref[3] J.3.2 (6) & Ref[2] Table 6.5.3)

B
t,Rd
= 113.04 kN

2.1.4.1 The column flange in bending. (J.3.5.5)

The column flange is stiffened. (J.3.5.5.3)
Method of the equivalent T-stub flange. (J.3.2)

Dimensions: (Figure J.25)
m = 30 mm
e = 35 mm
e
min
= 22 mm

2.1.4.1.1. Determination of F
ti,fc,Rd
:

F
ti,fc,Rd
=The design resistance of the column flange in bending for the individual bolt-row i.

Determination of F
t1,fc,Rd
:

Determination of l
eff
: effective lengths for a stiffened column flange
Using Table J.7.


SCIA Software

308
Bolt row 1 is adjacent to a stiffener. (use of )
l
eff,cp1
= 2 m = 188.5 mm
l
eff,nc1
= m = 182.64 mm

Determination of : figure J.27
e = 35 mm
m = (b
col
- t
web,col
)/2 - e - 0.8r
col
= 30 mm
m
2
= (distance from centre-line of bolt-row 1 till edge stiffener) - 0.8 2a
weld

Note: The top of the stiffener == top of the beam
m
2
= (45+5-12) - 0.8 2x6 = 31.21 mm

1
= 0.4615

2
= 0.4802

= 6.09

l
eff
for failure mode 1 = l
eff,1
= l
eff,nc
but l
eff,cp

l
eff,1
= 182.64 mm
l
eff
for failure mode 2 = l
eff,2
= l
eff,nc

l
eff,2
= 182.64 mm

F
t1,fc,Rd,1
: The design tension resistance of the column flange for bolt-row 1 individually,
for mode 1: Complete yielding of the flange.
Formula (J.4)
M
pl1,Rd
= 790 kNmm Formula ( J.7a)

F
t1,fc,Rd,1
= 105.35 kN

F
t1,fc,Rd,2
for mode 2: Bolt failure + yielding of the flange.
Formula (J.5)
M
pl,2,Rd
= 790 kNmm Formula ( J.7b)
n = 22 mm Formula (J.8)
F
t1,fc,Rd,2
= 126.04 kN

F
t1,fc,Rd,3
for mode 3: Bolt Failure.
Formula (J.6)

B
t,Rd
= 226.08 kN (2 bolts in bolt-row 1)
F
t1,fc,Rd,3
= 226.08 kN

F
t1,fc,Rd
= Minimum of ( F
t1,fc,Rd,1
, F
t1,fc,Rd,2
, F
t1,fc,Rd,3
)
F
t1,fc,Rd
= 105.35 kN
Failure mode is mode 1: Complete yielding of the flange.

Determination of F
t2,fc,Rd
:

Determination of l
eff
:
Using Table J.7.
Bolt row 2 is NOT adjacent to a stiffener.
l
eff,1
= 163.75 mm
l
eff,2
= 163.75 mm

The determination of the other F
ti,fc,Rd
is analogue to that of F
t1,fc,Rd
, so well just mention the results:
M
pl,1,Rd
= 708 kNmm
F
t2,fc,Rd,1
= 94.45 kN


SCIA Software

309
M
pl,2,Rd
= 708 kNmm
F
t2,fc,Rd,2
= 122.90 kNmm

F
t2,fc,Rd,3
= 226.08 kN

F
t2,fc,Rd
= 94.45 kN

Determination of F
t3,fc,Rd
:

M
pl,1,Rd
= 708 kNmm
F
t3,fc,Rd,1
= 94.45 kN

M
pl,2,Rd
= 708 kNmm
F
t3,fc,Rd,2
= 122.9 kNmm

F
t3,fc,Rd,3
= 226.08 kN

F
t3,fc,Rd
= 94.45 kN

Determination of F
t4,fc,Rd
:

M
pl,1,Rd
= 708 kNmm
F
t4,fc,Rd,1
= 94.45 kN

M
pl,2,Rd
= 708 kNmm
F
t4,fc,Rd,2
= 122.9 kNmm

F
t4,fc,Rd,3
= 226.08 kN

F
t4,fc,Rd
= 94.45 kN

2.1.4.1.2. Determination of F
t(i+j+),fc,Rd
:

F
(ti+j+),fc,Rd
= The design resistance of the column flange in bending for the group of bolts (i + j + )

Determination of F
t(1+2),fc,Rd
:

Determination of l
eff
: effective lengths for a stiffened column flange
Using Table J.7.

Bolt-row 1 is adjacent to a stiffener.
l
eff1,cp,ge
= m + p = 144.25 mm
l
eff1,nc,ge
= 0.5p + m - (2m + 0.625e) = 125.76 mm

Bolt-row 2 is an end bolt-row for the group (1+2)
l
eff2,cp,ge
= m + p = 144.25 mm
l
eff2,nc,ge
= 2m + 0.625e + 0.5 p = 106.88 mm

Note: p is taken as the pitch for the concerned bolt group, therefore in the output tables the distinction between leff,..,ge1
& leff,..,ge2 is made.
E.g. for the bolt-group (1+2), the pitch for bolt row 2 is taken as p1, the pitch between bolt-row 1 and bolt-row 2; this
results in the use of leff,..,ge1.
(Analogue: for the group of bolt-rows (2+3), leff,..,ge2 is used for bolt-row 2, and leff,..,ge1 for bolt-row 3)

Mode 1:


SCIA Software

310
l
eff(1+2),1
=
l
eff,nc,g
but
l
eff,cp
l
eff(1+2),1
= 125.76 + 106.88 = 232.64 mm
M
pl,Rd,1
= 1006 kNmm
=> F
t(1+2),fc,Rd,1
= 134.19 kN

Mode 2:
l
eff(1+2),2
=
l
eff,nc,g

l
eff(1+2),2
= 232.64
M
pl,Rd,2
= 1006 kNmm
=> F
t(1+2),fc,Rd,2
= 230.0 kN

Mode 3:
=> F
t(1+2),fc,Rd,3
= 452.2 kN

Result:
F
t(1+2),fc,Rd
= 134.19 kN
Failure mode is mode 1
The determination of F
t(i+j+),fc,Rd
for the other bolt groups is completely analogue to that of F
t(1+2),fc,Rd
.

Determination of F
t(1+2+3),fc,Rd
:

Bolt-row 1 is adjacent to a stiffner.
Bolt-row 2 is an inner bolt-row for this group.
Bolt-row 3 is an end bolt-row for this group.
Result:
F
t(1+2+3),fc,Rd
= 163.03 kN

Determination of F
t(1+2+3+4),fc,Rd
:

Bolt-row 1 is adjacent to a stiffner.
Result:
F
t(1+2+3+4),fc,Rd
= 217.83 kN

According to Annex J of EC3, we also have to consider extra groups of bolt-rows.
A group of bolt-rows is an extra group within a bolt-group.

Determination of F
t(2+3)
:

Result:
F
t(2+3),fc,Rd
= 123.3 kN

Other Results:

F
t(3+4),fc,Rd
= 149.25 kN
F
t(2+3+4),fc,Rd
= 178.1 kN

2.1.4.2 The column web in tension. (J.3.5.6)

F
t,wc,Rd
Formula (J.26)


SCIA Software

311
b
eff
: For a bolted connection, the effective width b
eff
of the column web, is always taken as the non-circular effective
length of the equivalent T-stub, representing the column flange.
: Reduction factor for the possible effects of shear in the column web-panel is determined from Table J.5.

But, in this particular case, none of the above is used, because the column web is stiffened.

For stiffened column webs:
F
t,wc,Rd
is taken as equal to F
c,fb,Rd
: the design resistance of the beam flange in compression.
F
t,wc,Rd
= 398.0 kN

This is only allowed, if the stiffeners are designed to resist the applied forces:
Annex J, J.3.3(2) gives us an easy and quick check for this requirement:

1. The steel grade of the stiffeners is not lower than the that of the beam flanges.
=> O.K.
2. The thickness of the stiffeners is not smaller than the flange thickness of the beam.
=> O.K.
3. The outstand of the stiffeners is not less than (b
b
- t
wc
) / 2
where: b
b
= the breadth of the beam flange.
t
wc
= the thickness of the column web
=> O.K.

Note: These 3 checks are executed by the program at the moment of input of the stiffeners.

2.1.4.3 Endplate in bending: (J.3.5.7)

Analogue to the analysis of the column flange, we get the following results:

Note: The flanges of the beam act as stiffeners to the endplate.
Effective lengths: According to Table J.8.

Results:
F
t1,ep,Rd
= 132.49 kN
F
t2,ep,Rd
= 129.85 kN
F
t3,ep,Rd
= 129.85 kN
F
t4,ep,Rd
= 136.15 kN

F
t(1+2),ep,Rd
= 195.58 kN
F
t(1+2+3),ep,Rd
= 236.96 kN
F
t(1+2+3+4),ep,Rd
= 335.61 kN

F
t(2+3),ep,Rd
= 187.2 kN
F
t(3+4),ep,Rd
= 244.47 kN
F
t(2+3+4),ep,Rd
= 285.84kN

2.1.4.4 The beam web in tension. (J.3.5.8)

F
t,wb,Rd
Formula (J.31)

b
eff
: The effective width b
eff
of the beam web, is always taken as the non-circular effective length of the equivalent T-
stub, representing the end-plate. (= l
eff
in the output tables)

Results:
F
t1,wb,Rd
= 262.7 kN
F
t2,wb,Rd
= 248.4 kN
F
t3,wb,Rd
= 248.4 kN
F
t4,wb,Rd
= 282.6 kN

F
t(1+2),wb,Rd
= 333.2 kN


SCIA Software

312
F
t(1+2+3),wb,Rd
= 403.7 kN
F
t(1+2+3+4),wb,Rd
= 571.8 kN

F
t(2+3),wb,Rd
= 318.9 kN / b
eff(2+3)
= l
eff(2+3),nc
= 113.1 + 113.1 = 226.2 mm
F
t(3+4),wb,Rd
= 416.5 kN / b
eff(3+4)
= l
eff(3+4),nc
= 135.6 + 159.8 = 295.4 mm
F
t(2+3+4),wb,Rd
= 487.0 kN / b
eff(2+3+4)
= l
eff(2+3+4),nc
= 113.1 + 72.5 + 159.8 = 345.4 mm

2.1.4.5 Determination of the effective design tension resistance F
tr,Rd
for each bolt-row r :
According to the procedure of J.3.6.2

F
t1,Rd
is the smallest value of:

V
wp,Rd
/ = 147.0 kN
F
c,wc,Rd
= 160.5 kN
F
c,fb,Rd
= 398.0 kN
F
t1,fc,Rd
= 105.4 kN
F
t1,wc,Rd
= 398.0 kN
F
t1,ep,Rd
= 132.5 kN
F
t1,wb,Rd
= 262.7 kN

F
t1,Rd
= 105.4 kN

F
t2,Rd

V
wp,Rd
/ - F
t1,Rd
= 41.6 kN
F
c,wc,Rd
- F
t1,Rd

= 55.1 kN
F
c,fb,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
= 292.6 kN
F
t2,fc,Rd
= 94.5 kN
F
t2,wc,Rd
= 398.0 kN
F
t2,ep,Rd
= 129.9 kN
F
t2,wb,Rd
= 248.4 kN
F
t(1+2),fc,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
= 134.19 - 105.4 = 28.8 kN
F
t(1+2),wc,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
= 398.0 - 105.4 = 292.6 kN
F
t(1+2),ep,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
= 195.6 - 105.4 = 90.2 kN
F
t(1+2),wb,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
= 333.2 - 105.4 = 227.8 kN

F
t2,Rd
= 28.8 kN

F
t3,Rd

V
wp,Rd
/ - F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd

= 12.8 kN
F
c,wc,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
= 26.3 kN
F
c,fb,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
= 263.8 kN
F
t3,fc,Rd
= 94.5 kN
F
t3,wc,Rd
= 398.0 kN
F
t3,ep,Rd
= 129.9 kN
F
t3,wb,Rd
= 248.4 kN
F
t(1+2+3),fc,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
= 163.03 - 105.4 - 28.8 = 28.8 kN
F
t(1+2+3),wc,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
= 398.0 - 105.4 - 28.8 = 263.8 kN
F
t(1+2+3),ep,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
= 237.0 - 105.4 - 28.8 = 102.8 kN
F
t(1+2+3),wb,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
= 335.61 - 105.4 - 28.8 = 201.4 kN
F
t(2+3),fc,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
= 123.3 - 28.8 = 94.5 kN
F
t(2+3),wc,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
= 398.0 - 28.8 = 369.2 kN
F
t(2+3),ep,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
= 187.2 - 28.8 = 158.4 kN
F
t(2+3),wb,Rd
-F
t2,Rd
= 318.9 - 28.8 = 290.1 kN


SCIA Software

313
F
t3,Rd
= 12.8 kN

F
t4,Rd

V
wp,Rd
/ - F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
-F
t3,Rd
= 0.0 KN
Bolt-row 4 is in the compression zone!

F
t4,Rd
= 0.0 kN

For the sake of completeness, the other possible limitations are mentioned:
F
c,wc,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
-F
t3,Rd

F
c,fb,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
-F
t3,Rd

F
t4,fc,Rd

F
t4,wc,Rd

F
t4,ep,Rd

F
t4,wb,Rd

F
t(1+2+3+4),fc,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

F
t(1+2+3+4),wc,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

F
t(1+2+3+4),ep,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

F
t(1+2+3+4),wb,Rd
- F
t1,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

F
t(3+4),fc,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

F
t(2+3+4),fc,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

F
t(3+4),wc,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

F
t(2+3+4),wc,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

F
t(3+4),ep,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

F
t(2+3+4),ep,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

F
t(3+4),wb,Rd
-F
t3,Rd

F
t(2+3+4),wb,Rd
- F
t2,Rd
- F
t3,Rd

2.2 Determination of M
j,Rd
. (J.3.6.2)

M
j,Rd
: The design moment resistance of the joint: Formula (J.32)

None of the bolt-rows has an effective design tension resistance greater than 1.9B
t,Rd
, so
there is no need to reduce any of the bolt-row effective tension resistances. (J.3.6.2 (8))
M
j,Rd
= 30.97 kNm

We can also make allowance for the normal force acting in the beam.

This is done as follows:
N = 13.15 kN (compression)

M
jRd
= 30.97 kNm 13.15/2 x (lever-arm = (h
b
-t
fb
) = 0.2598 m)
M
j,Rd(N)
= 29.22 kNm

Check: M
sd
= 13.7 kNm => Joint is O.K. for Moment & Normal force.

3. Determination of the design shear resistance of the joint.

According to EC3 6.5.5 & J.3.1.2

F
v,Rd
: The design shear resistance of 1 bolt. (EC3 Table 6.5.3)
grade: 10.9
f
ub
= 1000 N/mm


SCIA Software

314
A
s
= 157 mm

Mb
= 1.25
(Most negative case is considered: shear plane passes through the threaded portion of the bolt.)
F
v,Rd
= 62.8 kN

Bearing resistance for the column-flange: F
b,fc,Rd

fc
is the smallest of:
e
1,fc
/ 3d
0
= 38/17x3

= 0.745
e
1
= end-distance between the first bolt-row and the top of the column.
p
1
/ 3d
0
-0.25 = 50/17x3 -0.25 = 0.73
p
1
= pitch between first bolt-rows = 50 mm
f
ub
/f
u
= 1000/360 = 2.78
1.0

fc
= 0.73
F
b,fc,Rd
= 75.73 kN

Bearing resistance for the end-plate: F
b,ep,Rd

Analogue to F
b,fc,Rd

ep
=0.73
F
b,ep,Rd
= 100.97 kN

V
rd
: The design shear resistance of the joint.
For bolts who are already subject to tension, the shear design resistance is reduced to 0.286 F
v,Rd
. (J.3.1.2 (2b))
V
rd1
= 62.8(2+6x0.28) = 231.1 kN
V
rd2
= 8 x 75.73 = 605.84 kN
V
rd3
= 8 x 100.97 = 807.76 kN

V
rd
= min(V
rd1
, V
rd2
, V
rd3
) = 231.1 kN

Check: V
sd
= 8.65 kN => Joint is O.K. for shear.

4. Stiffness calculation.

4.1 Design rotational stiffness. (J.4.1)

Since, the joint exists of an end-plate connection with more than one bolt row in tension , the general method of J.4.2.2
is used.

Determination of k
eq
:
Formula (J.36)
Since this example is a beam-to-column joint with an end-plate connection, k
eq
should be based upon the following
stiffness coefficients:
k
3
: The column flange in bending.
k
4
: The column web in tension.
k
5
: The end-plate in bending.
k
7
: The bolts in tension.

I. Determination of k
eff,r
: the effective stiffness coefficient for bolt row r:
Formula (J.37)

1. k
eff,r
for bolt-row 1: (k
eff,1
)
A. Determination of k
i1
:
k
i1
: The stiffness coefficient representing component i, relative to bolt row 1

k
31
: Formula (J.41)
l
eff,1
: The smallest of the effective lengths given for bolt-row 1.
(considered as an individual bolt-group, or as part of a bolt group.)


SCIA Software

315
l
eff,1
= 117.48 mm
k
31
= 2.70 mm

k
41
: Formula (J.42)
beff,1 is taken as the smallest non-circular effective length for bolt-row 1.
(considered as an individual bolt-group, or as part of a group of bolt rows.)
b
eff,1
= 117.48 mm

d
c
= the clear depth of the column web.
d
c
= 152 - 2(9 + 15) = 104 mm
k
41
= 4.74 mm

k
51
: Formula (J.43)
l
eff,1
: The smallest of the effective lengths given for bolt-row 1 for the endplate.
(considered as an individual bolt-group, or as part of a group of bolt-rows.)
l
eff,1
= 123.24 mm

t
p
= the thickness of the end-plate.
t
p
= 12.0 mm
m = 37.17 mm
k
51
= 3.52 mm

k
71
: Formula (J.45)
A
s
= 157 mm
L
b
: The elongation length of the bolt.
L
b
= t
fc
+ t
ep
+ 0.5(h
bolt,head
+ h
bolt,nut
)
L
b
= 32.5 mm
k
71
= 7.73 mm

B. Determination of k
eff,1
:
k
eff,1
: The effective stiffness coefficient for bolt-row 1.
Formula (J.37)
k
eff,1
= 1.01 mm

2. k
eff,r
for the other Bolt-rows:
This is analogue to the determination of k
eff,1

k
eff,2
= 0.46
k
eff,3
= 0.64
Bolt-row 4 is not in tension.

II. Determination of z: the lever arm. (J.4.3)
Formula (J.38)
z = 197.86 mm

According to Formula (J.36):
k
eq
= 2.01 mm

Determination of k
1
: For an unstiffened column web-panel in shear.
Formula (J.39):
A
vc
= 1324 mm
z = 197.86 mm
= 1.0
k
1
= 2.54 mm

Determination of k
2
: For an Unstiffened column web in compression.
Formula (J.40):
b
eff,c
= 166.1 mm (See 2.1.2 or J.3.5.3)
k
2
= 6.71 mm


SCIA Software

316

Determination of S
j,ini
: The initial rotational stiffness of the joint.
S
j,ini
= S
j
x (Formula (J.34))
S
j,ini
= 7882 x 10
6
Nmm/rad

Determination of : The stiffness ratio.
Formula (J.35)
M
j,Rd
= 32.26 kNm (inclusive normal force N = 13.15 kN (compression))
M
sd
= 13.7 kNm (Tension in the top of the joint)
= 2.7
= 1.0

Determination of S
j
: The rotational stiffness of the joint.
Formula (J.34)
S
j
= 7882 x 10
6
Nmm/rad

4.2. Stiffness classification. (J.2.5.1)

Figure J.8
Frame type: braced.
L
b
= 6325 mm
I
b
=5790 cm
4

Determination of the classification boundaries:
Rigid: S
j,ini
8EI
b
/L
b
= 15380 x 10
6
Nmm/rad
Semi-rigid
Nominally pinned: S
j,ini
0.5EI
b
/L
b
= 961 x 10
6
Nmm/rad

Joint-system is SEMI-RIGID

Calculation note


SCIA Software

317
5.786e-003 1.157e-002 1.736e-002 2.314e-002
rad
10.0
20.0
30.0
kNm

Figure 40 : Moment-rotation diagram


1. Input data

Column HEA160
h 152.00 mm
b 160.00 mm
tf 9.00 mm
tw 6.00 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 270.00 mm
b 135.00 mm
tf 10.20 mm
tw 6.60 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Stiffener


SCIA Software

318

1 276.23 235.00

End plate
h 295.00 mm
b 135.00 mm
t 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

type normal
grade 10.9
fu 1000.00 MPa
As 157.00 mm^2
do 18.00 mm
S 27.00 mm
e 29.60 mm
h head 10.00 mm
h nut 13.00 mm

Bolt position

1 250.00 90.00
2 200.00 90.00
3 150.00 90.00
4 55.00 90.00

Internal forces

ULS Combination number 6
N -13.76 kN
Vz 8.42 kN
My -14.24 kNm

Tension top


Vwp,Rd data
Vwp,Rd 146.98 kN
Beta 1.00
Avc 1324.00 mm^2


Fc,wc,Rd data
Fc,wc,Rd 160.66 kN
beff 166.48 mm
twc 6.00 mm
ro1 0.76
ro2 0.50
ro 0.76
kwc 1.00
lambda_rel 0.68
dc 104.00 mm


SCIA Software

319

Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 398.00 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 103.40 kNm
hb-tfb 259.80 mm

Bt,Rd = 113.04 kN
kfc = 1.00

1 0.0+25.0 5.67 35.00 30.00 22.50 44.40
2 25.0+25.0 - 35.00 30.00 22.50 -
3 25.0+47.5 - 35.00 30.00 22.50 -
4 47.5+ 0.0 - 35.00 30.00 22.50 -

1 188.50 169.97
2 188.50 163.75
3 188.50 163.75
4 188.50 163.75

1 - - - - 144.25 113.10
2 100.00 50.00 144.25 106.87 144.25 106.87
3 145.00 72.50 144.25 106.87 189.25 129.37
4 - - 189.25 129.37 - -


1 169.97 169.97 169.97 98.04 398.00 1.00
2 163.75 163.75 163.75 94.45 398.00 1.00
3 163.75 163.75 163.75 94.45 398.00 1.00
4 163.75 163.75 163.75 94.45 398.00 1.00

For bolt group:

1- 1 169.97 169.97 169.97 98.04 398.00 1.00
1- 2 219.97 219.97 219.97 126.88 398.00 1.00
1- 3 269.97 269.97 269.97 155.72 398.00 1.00
1- 4 364.97 364.97 364.97 210.52 398.00 1.00

2.1.4.2. Endplate

1 0.0+25.0 5.03 22.50 37.17 22.50
2 25.0+25.0 - 22.50 37.17 22.50
3 25.0+47.5 - 22.50 37.17 22.50
4 47.5+ 0.0 5.42 22.50 37.17 22.50

1 233.57 187.09
2 233.57 176.82
3 233.57 176.82


SCIA Software

320
4 233.57 201.44

1 - - - - 166.79 123.68
2 100.00 50.00 166.79 113.41 166.79 113.41
3 145.00 72.50 166.79 113.41 211.79 135.91
4 - - 211.79 160.53 - -


1 187.09 187.09 187.09 133.47 263.80
2 176.82 176.82 176.82 130.82 249.32
3 176.82 176.82 176.82 130.82 249.32
4 201.44 201.44 201.44 137.17 284.04

For bolt group:

1- 1 187.09 187.09 187.09 133.47 263.80
1- 2 237.09 237.09 237.09 196.20 334.30
1- 3 287.09 287.09 287.09 237.58 404.80
1- 4 406.71 406.71 406.71 336.57 573.46


row h[mm] Ft[kN]
1 228.83 98.04
2 178.83 28.84
3 128.83 20.09
4 33.83 0.00

Mj,Rd = 30.18 kNm


VRd data
VRd 231.10 kN
Fv,Rd 62.80 kN
e1,ep 45.00 mm
e1,cf 44.40 mm
p1 50.00 mm
alfa,ep 0.68
alfa,fc 0.68
Fb,ep,Rd 93.44 kN
VRd beam 70.08 kN
VRd beam 272.50 kN


1 2.60 4.57 3.54 7.73 0.98
2 1.15 2.02 1.43 7.73 0.46
3 1.66 2.93 2.07 7.73 0.64

Sj data
Sj 7.79 MNm/rad
Sj,ini 7.79 MNm/rad


SCIA Software

321
Sj data
z 197.09 mm
mu 1.00
k1 2.55 mm
k2 6.72 mm
keq 1.98 mm


Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 57900000.68 mm^4
Lb 6324.56 mm
frame type braced
S1 15.38 MNm/rad
S2 0.96 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID


Stiffness data



5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.47
VSd/VRd 0.04



data
MRd 30.18 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 274.13 mm
FRd 154.14 kN
NT,Rd 294.18 kN
N 154.14 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 2.24 mm
af 6.00 mm
Minimum th 5.34 mm

6.2. Calculation aw

data
Ft 126.88 kN
Fv 2.11 kN
lw 237.09 mm


SCIA Software

322
data
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 4.00 mm


SCIA Software

323
2.5 PST.07.01 05 : Calculation of welded connections

Description
Calculation of welded simple T connection : the moment resistance MRd and its components, and the weld sizes are
calculated for node 10.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

ENV 1993-1-1/pr A2

[3] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992, 1992

See the chapter "Manual calculation" for the manual calculation according to Eurocode 3.

Result

Manual
calculation
EPW % Diff.
V
wp,Rd
652 kN 652 kN 0 %
F
c,wc,Rd
668 kN (*) 643 kN 3.74 %
F
c,fb,Rd
1116 kN 1114 kN 0 %
F
t,fc,Rd
677 kN 677 kN 0 %
F
t,wc,Rd
635 kN (*) 614 kN 3.31 %
M
j,Rd
338 kN 327 kNm 3.25 %
a
f
7.2 mm 7.2 mm 0 %
a
w
3 mm 3 mm 0 %

(*) Remark : the differences between the EPW and the hand calculation, are due to the fact the program starts its
calculation with the minimal weld size. The calculation of af and aw is performed after the calculation of the moment
resistance. It means that the values of EPW are on the safe side.
The program can use some default values for the weld sizes (see Ref.1). In this case, the program starts its calculation
with these default values for the weld sizes.


Version

PST070105.epw

Modules


SCIA Software

324
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
CVL

Manual calculation

CD
IPE550
8
8
3
Section CD
HEB280
9

1. Calculation V
wp,Rd :
Column web panel in shear (Ref.[2] J.3.5.2)

When a web doubler is used :

2. Calculation F
c,wc,Rd
: Column web in compression (Ref.[2] J.3.5.3)

0 M
vc y
Rd , wp
3
' A f 9 . 0
V =
kN 652
1 . 1 3
5879 235 0.9
Rd Vwp,
mm 5879 5 . 10 172 4073 ' A
mm 4073 A
18 ) 24 2 5 . 10 ( 18 280 2 13100 A
t ) r 2 t ( bt 2 A A
t b A ' A
vc
vc
vc
f w f vc
s s vc vc
=

=
= + =
=
+ + =
+ + =
+ =


SCIA Software

325

3. Calculation F
c,fb,Rd
: Beam flange in compression (Ref.[2] J.3.5.4)

4. Calculation F
t,fc,Rd
: Column flange in bending (Ref.[2] J.3.5.5.1)

F
t fc , Bd ,
t
wc
2 r
c
7 ktf
c
t
wc
f
y
M0
.
k =
t
fc
t
fb
f
y fc ,
f
y fb ,
1
F
t fc , Rd ,
10.5 2 24
.
7 1
.
18
.
( )
17.20 235
.
1.1
.
677 kN
.

5. Calculation F
t,wc,Rd
: Column web in tension (Ref.[2] J.3.5.6)

( )
kN 668
1 . 1
235 75 . 15 250 79 . 0
F
79 . 0
' A
t b
3 . 1 1
1

(*) mm 250 ) 24 18 ( 5 8 2 2 2 . 17 b
r t 5 a 2 2 t b
mm 75 . 15 5 . 10 5 . 1 t 5 . 1 t
f t b
F
Rd , wc , c
2
vc
wc eff
1
1
eff
fc fb eff
w wc
0 M
y wc eff
Rd , wc , c
=

=
=
|
|
\
|
+
=
=
= + + + =
+ + + =
= = =
=
kN 1116
2 . 17 550
595
F
kNm 595
1 . 1
655
M
M
t h
M
F
Rd , fb , c
0 M
Rd , pl
Rd , c
fb b
Rd , c
Rd , fb , c
=
=
= = =
=


SCIA Software

326

6. Calculation MRd : Design moment resistance

7. Calculation af

The weld size a
f
is designed according to the resistance of the joint. The design force in the beam flange can be
estimated as:

kN 635
532 . 0
338
F
h
M
F
Rd
Rd
Rd
= =
=

The design resistance of the weld F
w
shall be greater than the flange force F
Rd
, multiplied by a factor . The value of the
factor is (ref[2], J.3.1.3.) :

= 1.7 for sway frames
= 1.4 for non sway frames

However, in no case shall the weld design resistance be required to exceed the design plastic resistance of the beam
flange N
t.Rd
:

kN 771
1 . 1
235 2 . 17 210
N
f t b
N
Rd , t
M
yb fb f
Rd , t
0
=

=

=

kNm 338 635 532 . 0 M
F z M
Rd
Rd Rd
= =
=
F
t wc , Rd ,
b
eff
t
wc
f
y
M0
t
wc
1.4 t
w
1.4 10.5
.
14.7 mm
b
eff
t
fb
2 2 a
.
5 t
fc
r
b
eff
17.2 2 2 8
.
5 18 24 ( ) 250 mm

1
1
1
1 1.3
b
eff
t
wc
A
vc
2
0.81
F
t wc , Rd ,
0.81 250
.
14.7
.
235
.
1.1
635 kN


SCIA Software

327
Fw = min ( Nt.Rd, FRd) = min (771, 1.4 x 635)= 771 kN

The weld size design for af, using Annex M of EC3 (Ref.[3])

mm 23 . 7
2 210 360
8 . 0 25 . 1 771000
a
2 b f
F
a
f
f u
W Mw w
f
=

We take af=8 mm.

Calculation of aw

The section is sollicitated by the moment M, the normal force N and the shear force D.
The moment M is defined by the critical design moment resistance of the connection. The normal force
N is taken as the maximum internal normal force on the node, the shear force D is taken as the
maximum internal shear force on the node.

M = 338 kNm
N = 148 kN
D = 84 kN

To determine the weldsize a
2
in a connection, we use a iterative process with a
2
as parameter until the Von Mises rules
is respected (Ref[3],Annex M/EC3). We start with the minimal weld size a
2
=3 mm.

We can define the following properties :

a1 = 8 mm
a3 = 8 mm
a2 = 3 mm
l1 = 210 mm
l2 = h 3 tfb 2r = 550 3*17.2-2*24= 450 mm
l3 = (bf twb 2r) /2.0 = (210-11.1-2*24)/2.0=75.45 mm

4
3
fb 3 3
3
2 2 1 1
mm 08 e 601 . 4 ) 2 . 17 . 2 550 ( 45 . 75 8
6
450 3
2
550 210 8
I
) t . 2 h ( l a
6
l a
2
h l a
I
+ = +
+

=
+
+

=


SCIA Software

328
mm / N 129
2
1
08 e 601 . 4 2
450 338000000
8474
148000

2
1
I 2
l M
A
N

2 1
2
2 1
= |
\
|
+ = =
|
\
|
+ = =

mm / N 3 . 31
450 3 2
84000
l a 2
D
1
2 2
1
=

=

=

( ) ( )
mm / N 288
25 . 1
360
f
129
N/mm 360
25 . 1 8 . 0
360

f
mm / N 263 129 3 . 31 3 129 3
w
w
2 1 1
M
u
1
M w
u 2 2 2 2 2
= = =
=
= + + = + +

Calculation note

3.239e-003 6.477e-003 9.716e-003 1.295e-002
rad
100.0
200.0
300.0
kNm

Node 3 : welded beam-to-column connection side CD

1. Input data

Column HEB280
h 280.00 mm
b 280.00 mm
tf 18.00 mm
tw 10.50 mm
r 24.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa


SCIA Software

329

h 550.00 mm
b 210.00 mm
tf 17.20 mm
tw 11.10 mm
r 24.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Webdoubler
ls 768.49 mm
bs 172.00 mm
ts 12.00 mm
as 9.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa

Internal forces

Loadcase number 1
N 142.93 kN
Vz 79.99 kN
My -104.61 kNm

Tension top


Vwp,Rd data
Vwp,Rd 652.62 kN
Beta 1.00
Avc 5879.00 mm^2


Fc,wc,Rd data
Fc,wc,Rd 643.59 kN
beff 235.69 mm
twc 15.75 mm
ro1 0.81
ro2 0.57
ro 0.81
kwc 1.00
lambda_rel 0.42
dc 196.00 mm


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 1114.69 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 593.91 kNm


SCIA Software

330
Fc,fb,Rd data
hb-tfb 532.80 mm

2.1.4. Column flange in bending (J.3.5.5.)

Ft,fc,Rd data
Ft,fc,Rd 677.95 kN
k 1.00

2.1.5. Column web in tension (J.3.5.6.)

Ft,wc,Rd data
Ft,wc,Rd 614.36 kN
beff 235.69 mm
twc 14.70 mm
ro1 0.83
ro2 0.60
ro 0.83


Mj,Rd data
F 614.36 kN
h 532.80 mm
Mj,Rd 327.33 kNm
Mj,Rd 327.33 kNm
(inclusive normal force)

VRd =887.15 kN


Sj data
Sj 151.02 MNm/rad
z 532.80 mm
mu 1.00
k1 4.19 mm
k2 13.26 mm
k4 12.37 mm


Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 670999987.05 mm^4
Lb 6000.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 187.88 MNm/rad
S2 11.74 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID


Stiffness data


SCIA Software

331



5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.32
VSd/VRd 0.09



data
MRd 327.33 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 532.80 mm
FRd 860.10 kN
NT,Rd 771.65 kN
N 771.65 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 7.22 mm
af 8.00 mm
Minimum th 17.20 mm

6.2. Calculation aw

data
M 327.33 kNm
N 142.93 kN
V 79.99 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
a1 8.00 mm
a3 8.00 mm
l1 210.00 mm
l2 450.40 mm
l3 75.45 mm
A 6675.20 mm^2
I 429791090.71 mm^4
aw 3.00 mm


SCIA Software

332
2.6 PST.07.01 06 : Calculation of required stiffness

Description
Calculation of a bolted knee connection : the moment resistance MRd, the rotational stiffness and the stiffness
boundaries are calculated and compared with literature results.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

ENV 1993-1-1/pr A2

[2] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992, 1992

[3] Frame Design Including Joint Behaviour
Volume 1
January 1997

Result

The comparison is performed for node nr.7.
The approximate joint stiffness is introduced in the model as Sj,app/2 = 13000 kNm/rad.

Ref.[3],
Chapter 10
Worked
example 1
EPW % Diff.
Mj,Rd 128 kNm 129 kNm 0.78 %
Sj,ini 58000 kNm/rad 60369 kNm/rad 4.08 %
Sj,upper 68000 kNm/rad 62786 kNm/rad 7.67 %
S,app 26000 kNm/rad 26000 kNm/rad 0 %


Version

PST070106.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)


SCIA Software

333

Author
CVL

Calculation note

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
IPE500 IPE500
IPE400 IPE400
H
E
A
2
0
0
H
E
A
2
0
0
H
E
A
3
0
0
H
E
A
3
0
0
H
E
A
2
0
0
H
E
A
2
0
0

Figure 41 : Frame geometry

CD
IPE400
7
7
5
Section CD
HEA200
11
14
5
1
5
1
5

Figure 42 : Connection geometry


SCIA Software

334
Sj,ini
Sj,low
Sj,low = 15008.30 kNm/rad
Sj,upper
Sj,upper = 62786.74 kNm/rad
1.070e-003 2.141e-003 3.211e-003 4.282e-003
rad
50.0
100.0
kNm

Figure 43 : Check required stiffness

3.199e-003 6.398e-003 9.597e-003 1.280e-002
rad
50.0
100.0
kNm

Figure 44 : Moment rotation diagramma


1. Input data

Column HEA200
h 190.00 mm
b 200.00 mm
tf 10.00 mm
tw 6.50 mm
r 18.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 400.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
tf 13.50 mm
tw 8.60 mm
r 21.00 mm


SCIA Software

335
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Haunch under IPE400
hc 360.00 mm
lc 623.25 mm
b 180.00 mm
tf 13.50 mm
tw 8.60 mm
weld ab 14.00 mm
weld ac 11.00 mm

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

End plate
h 790.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
t 20.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts M-20 (DIN960)
type normal
grade 8.8
fu 800.00 MPa
As 245.00 mm^2
do 22.00 mm
S 30.00 mm
e 33.53 mm
h head 13.00 mm
h nut 16.00 mm

Bolt position

1 721.00 90.00
2 640.00 90.00
3 429.00 90.00
4 71.00 90.00

Internal forces

N -22.53 kN
Vz 151.08 kN
My -31.72 kNm

Tension top



SCIA Software

336

Vwp,Rd data
Vwp,Rd 200.37 kN
Beta 1.00
Avc 1805.00 mm^2


Fc,wc,Rd data
Fc,wc,Rd 196.55 kN
beff 198.40 mm
twc 6.50 mm
ro1 0.78
ro2 0.52
ro 0.78
kwc 1.00
lambda_rel 0.78
dc 134.00 mm


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 722.99 kN
section class 1
Mc,Rd 279.44 kNm
hb-tfb 386.50 mm

Bt,Rd = 141.12 kN
kfc = 1.00

1 0.0+40.5 - 55.00 27.35 34.19 69.00
2 40.5+105.5 - 55.00 27.35 34.19 -
3 105.5+179.0 - 55.00 27.35 34.19 -
4 179.0+ 0.0 - 55.00 27.35 34.19 -

1 171.85 158.08
2 171.85 178.15
3 171.85 178.15
4 171.85 178.15

1 - - - - 166.92 129.58
2 292.00 146.00 166.92 129.58 296.92 194.58
3 569.00 284.50 296.92 194.58 443.92 268.08
4 - - 443.92 268.08 - -


1 158.08 158.08 158.08 123.48 184.13 0.84
2 171.85 178.15 178.15 134.23 199.67 0.81
3 171.85 178.15 178.15 134.23 199.67 0.81
4 171.85 178.15 178.15 134.23 199.67 0.81

For bolt group:


SCIA Software

337
1- 1 158.08 158.08 158.08 123.48 184.13 0.84
1- 2 239.08 239.08 239.08 186.75 236.92 0.71
1- 3 450.08 450.08 450.08 351.56 297.45 0.48
1- 4 808.08 808.08 808.08 631.20 323.82 0.29

2.1.4.2. Endplate

1 0.0+40.5 6.26 45.00 35.04 43.80
2 40.5+105.5 - 45.00 35.04 43.80
3 105.5+179.0 6.26 45.00 35.04 43.80
4 179.0+ 0.0 6.26 45.00 35.04 43.80

1 220.18 219.51
2 220.18 196.42
3 220.18 219.51
4 220.18 219.51

1 - - - - 191.09 161.80
2 292.00 146.00 191.09 138.71 321.09 203.71
3 - - 321.09 226.80 - -
4 - - 468.09 300.30 - -


1 219.51 219.51 219.51 275.75 403.30
2 196.42 196.42 196.42 263.24 360.88
3 219.51 219.51 219.51 275.75 403.30
4 219.51 219.51 219.51 275.75 403.30

For bolt group:

1- 1 219.51 219.51 219.51 275.75 403.30
1- 2 300.51 300.51 300.51 476.45 552.12
1- 3 534.60 534.60 534.60 760.10 982.21
4- 4 219.51 219.51 219.51 275.75 403.30


row h[mm] Ft[kN]
1 698.20 123.48
2 617.20 63.27
3 406.20 9.80
4 48.20 0.00

Mj,Rd = 129.24 kNm


VRd data
VRd 346.21 kN
Fv,Rd 94.08 kN
e1,ep 69.00 mm
e1,cf 69.00 mm


SCIA Software

338
VRd data
p1 81.00 mm
alfa,ep 0.98
alfa,fc 0.98
Fb,ep,Rd 281.45 kN
VRd beam 140.73 kN
VRd beam 1147.19 kN


1 4.55 3.72 25.57 8.81 1.56
2 5.38 4.96 21.92 8.81 1.83
3 7.14 6.05 34.69 8.81 2.23

Sj data
Sj 60.37 MNm/rad
z 584.16 mm
mu 1.00
k1 1.17 mm
k2 6.74 mm
keq 5.35 mm


Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 230999998.17 mm^4
Lb 7200.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 53.90 MNm/rad
S2 3.37 MNm/rad

System RIGID


Stiffness data
Fi y 13.00 MNm/rad
Sj,app 26.00 MNm/rad
Sj,upper boundary 62.79 MNm/rad


In the column flange we have the following :
t <= 0.36 sqrt(fub/fy) d

5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.25
VSd/VRd 0.44



SCIA Software

339

data
MRd 129.24 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 745.45 mm
FRd 242.73 kN
NT,Rd 519.14 kN
N 242.73 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 2.65 mm
af 7.00 mm
Minimum th 6.31 mm

6.2. Calculation aw

data
Ft 186.75 kN
Fv 37.77 kN
lw 300.51 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 5.00 mm


SCIA Software

340
2.7 PST.07.01 - 07: Bolted connection with column minor axis

Description
This benchmark consists in a manual verification of a connection by using the minor axis theory combined with Annex
J Revised EC3. Those results are compared with the design calculation of EPW 3.20

Project data
See input file

Reference

[1] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992, 1992

ENV 1993-1-1/pr A2

[3] COST C1
Control of the semi-rigid behaviour of civil engineering structural
connections
Edited by Ren Maquoi, Universit de Lige, Belgium
Application of the component method to steel joints


Result

F
Punching,Rd,l1,tension
247.1 kN 247.05 kN 0.02 %
F
Punching,Rd,l1,compression
192.1kN 192.12 kN 0.01 %
F
Punching,Rd,l2
185.5 kN 185.53 kN 0.02 %
F
Comb,Rd,tension
65.4 kN 65.44 kN 0.06 %
F
Comb,Rd,compression
110.0 kN 110.01 kN 0 %
F
Global,Rd,tension
57.6 kN 56.59 kN 1.75 %
F
Global,Rd,compression
156.2 kN 156.19 kN 0 %


Version

Input file + Calculation note
PST070107.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)


SCIA Software

341

Author
NEM/CVL

Manual calculation
The following connection is composed with a endplate, 1 bolt row above the beam flange, 2 bolt rows between the
beam flange and 1 bolt row under the beam flange. The plate is made of steel with following properties: S235 and is
characterised by properties described in the EPW results document. The present document assumes that all the tensions,
the stresses and the most dangerous combination computed by EPW are right.

The node use for the check is the minor axis column-beam connection number 4 in PST070107.epw. This connection is
composed with a HEA180 column and a IPE240 beam. We assume that the most dangerous combination is the 4
th
. The
verification concerns only the weak axis part. For other controls from Annex J Revised EC3, other benchmarks are
available.

AB
IPE240
5
5
4
Section AB
HEA180
8
0
8
0


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342
End plate
120
4
0
0
Plate 15
30 61
5
0
7
0
1
6
0
7
0
8 x M-12 (DIN601)

Local failure: Punching
Punching Loading case 1

Tension zone
mm 95 . 19
2
19 9 . 20
2
dm e
d
m
=
+
=
+
=
mm 70 c
0
= and mm 955 . 87 d 9 . 0 c c
m 0
= + =
mm 61 pitch x bolt b
0
= = and mm 955 . 78 d 9 . 0 b b
m 0
= + =
( )
kN 05 . 247
3
f t c b 2
F
0 M
y wc
1 L
Rd , Punching
=

+
=

Compression zone:
mm 8 . 9 t c
fbeam
= =
mm 120 b b
beam
= =
( )
kN 11 . 192
3
f t c b 2
F
0 M
y wc
Rd , Punching
1 L
=

+
=


n=4 bolt rows
kN 5 . 185
3
f t d n
F
0 M
y wc m
Rd , Punching
=

=


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343

Combined punching and bending

Tension zone
mm 152 t h d
fc c
= =
mm 5 . 129
4
r 3
2 d L = =
mm 5 . 50 b L a = =

1 k 5 . 0
L
c b
= >
+

0 109.4mm
L t
c
8 . 2 1 1
c
t
82 . 0 1 L b
2
wc
2
2
2
wc
m
> =
|
|
\
|
+ + =

mm 3 . 36
b L
b b
L
t
L
c
23 . 0
L
t
L x
m
m
3
1
wc
3
2
wc
0
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=

b b 0 x
m
=

( )
( )
kN 44 . 65
1
x a t 3
x x c 5 . 1
x a
c 2 x a L
f t k F
0 M
wc
2
y
2
wc Rd , Comb
=
+
+
+
+
+ +
=

Compression zone

mm 152 t h d
fc c
= =
mm 5 . 129
4
r 3
2 d L = =
mm 5 . 9 b L a = =

1 k 5 . 0
L
c b
= >
+

0 . 0 0
L t
c
8 . 2 1 1
c
t
82 . 0 1 L b
2
wc
2
2
2
wc
m
= <
|
|
\
|
+ + =

mm 23 . 16
b L
b b
L
t
L
c
23 . 0
L
t
L x
m
m
3
1
wc
3
2
wc
0
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=

( ) [ ] b b if mm 6 . 23 c 4 x a L
2
t 3
c a 5 .. 1 a a x
m 0
wc 2
> = + +
+ + =
( )
( )
kN 110
1
x a t 3
x x c 5 . 1
x a
c 2 x a L
f t k F
0 M
wc
2
y
2
wc Rd , Comb
=
+
+
+
+
+ +
=

Global failure

Tension zone
4.55
b L
z
=
= with z=230.1mm


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344
kN 92 . 1
f t 25 . 0
m
0 M
y
2
w
pl
=

=

kN 59 . 57
1
2
z
b 2
m
2
F
F
0 M
pl
tension , Rd , Com
Rd , Global
=
\
|
+ +
+ =

Compression zone

4.55
b L
z
=
= with z=230.1mm
kN 19 . 156
1
2
z
b 2
m
2
F
F
0 M
pl
n compressio , Rd , Com
Rd , Global
=
\
|
+ +
+ =

Calculation note

According to COST C1 September 1998 & Revised Annex J EC3

1. Input data

Column HEA180
h 171.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
tf 9.50 mm
tw 6.00 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 240.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
tf 9.80 mm
tw 6.20 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.25
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

End plate
h 400.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
t 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts M-12 (DIN601)


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345
Bolts M-12 (DIN601)
type normal
grade 4.6
fu 400.00 MPa
As 84.50 mm^2
do 14.00 mm
S 19.00 mm
e 20.90 mm
h head 8.00 mm
h nut 10.00 mm

Bolt position

1 350.00 61.00
2 280.00 61.00
3 120.00 61.00
4 50.00 61.00

Internal forces

N 0.29 kN
Vz 21.49 kN
My -0.00 kNm

Tension top

2.1.1. Column web in bending and punching: Local mechanism
2.1.1.1. Punching Loadcase 1

Tension Zone
dm 19.95 mm
b0 61.00 mm
b 78.95 mm
c0 70.00 mm
c 87.95 mm
FRd,punch,LC1,tens 247.05 kN

Compression zone
b0 0.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
c0 0.00 mm
c 9.80 mm
FRd,punch,LC1,comp 192.12 kN


Tension Zone
dm 19.95 mm
n 4
FRdpunch,LC2,tens 185.53 kN

Compression zone
n 4

2.1.1.3. Combined flexural and punching shear local

Tension Zone
L 129.50 mm
bm 109.42 mm
x0 -36.38 mm


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346
Tension Zone
x 0.00 mm
a 50.55 mm
k 1.00
FComb,Rd,tens 65.44 kN

Compression zone
L 129.50 mm
bm 0.00 mm
x0 16.23 mm
x 23.61 mm
a 9.50 mm
k 1.00
FComb,Rd,comp 110.01 kN

FLocal,Rd= 65.44kN

2.1.2. Column in bending and punching: Global mechanism

Tension Zone
mpl 1.92 kN
z 230.10 mm
ro 4.55
FGlobal,Rd,tens 57.59 kN

Compression zone
z 230.10 mm
ro 24.22
FGlobal,Rd,comp 156.19 kN

FGlobal,Rd= 57.59kN


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 339.67 kN
section clas 1
Mc,Rd 78.19 kNm
hb-tfb 230.20 mm

Bt,Rd = 24.34 kN
2.1.4.2. Endplate

1 0.0+35.0 - 50.00 24.34 30.43
2 35.0+80.0 6.27 29.50 22.87 28.59
3 80.0+35.0 6.27 29.50 22.87 28.59
4 35.0+ 0.0 - 50.00 24.34 30.43

1 135.48 60.00
2 143.72 143.47
3 143.72 143.47
4 135.48 60.00

1 135.48 60.00 - - - -
2 - - - - 231.86 159.29
3 - - 231.86 159.29 - -


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347
4 135.48 60.00 - - - -

For individual bolt row :

1 60.00 60.00 60.00 48.67 -
2 143.47 143.47 143.47 48.67 190.04
3 143.47 143.47 143.47 48.67 190.04
4 60.00 60.00 60.00 48.67 -

For bolt group :

1- 1 60.00 60.00 60.00 48.67 -
2- 2 143.47 143.47 143.47 48.67 190.04
2- 3 318.57 318.57 318.57 97.34 421.97
4- 4 60.00 60.00 60.00 48.67 -


row h[mm] Ft[kN]
1 265.10 32.72
2 195.10 24.87
3 35.10 0.00
4 -34.90 0.00

Mj,Rd = 13.53 kNm


VRd data
VRd 83.07 kN
Fv,Rd 16.22 kN
e1,ep 50.00 mm
p1 70.00 mm
alfa,ep 1.00
alfa,fc 1.00
Fb,ep,Rd 129.60 kN
Fb,wc,Rd 51.84 kN
VRd beam 235.93 kN


row k5[mm] k7[mm]
1 11.93 4.04
2 34.39 4.04

Sj data
Sj 1.52 MNm/rad
Sj,ini 7.58 MNm/rad
z 232.31 mm
mu 5.00
k1 1.94 mm
k2 1.21 mm
keq 6.47 mm


Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa


SCIA Software

348
Stiffness data
Ib 38900001.53 mm^4
Lb 6000.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 10.89 MNm/rad
S2 0.68 MNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID


Stiffness data
Fi y 0.00 MNm/rad
Sj,app 0.00 MNm/rad
Sj,upper boundary 0.68 MNm/rad


5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.00
VSd/VRd 0.26


6.1. Calculation weldsize af / Minium thickness th for stiffener in column

data
MRd 13.53 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 230.20 mm
FRd 82.26 kN
NT,Rd 251.24 kN
N 82.26 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 1.35 mm
af 5.00 mm
Minimum th 3.21 mm

6.2. Calculation aw

data
Ft 24.87 kN
Fv 5.37 kN
lw 143.47 mm
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
aw 4.00 mm


SCIA Software

349
2.8 PST.07.01 - 08: Welded connection with column minor axis

Description

Project data
See input file.

Reference

[1] Eurocode 3
ENV 1993-1-1:1992, 1992

ENV 1993-1-1/pr A2

[3] COST C1
Control of the semi-rigid behaviour of civil engineering structural
connections
Edited by Ren Maquoi, Universit de Lige, Belgium
Application of the component method to steel joints


Result

F
Punching,Rd,
192.1 kN 192.12 kN 0 %
F
Comb,Rd
72.5 kN 72.55 kN 0 %
F
Global,Rd
112.4 kN 112.39 kN 0 %


Version

PST070108.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
NEM -CVL


SCIA Software

350

Manual calculation
The following connection is composed only with a column and a beam welded on the web column around the flange
beam. The present document assumes that all the tensions, the stresses and the most dangerous combination computed
by EPW are right.

th
. The
available.


Tension & compression zone

mm 8 . 9 t c
fbeam
= =
mm 120 b b
beam
= =
( )
kN 11 . 192
3
f t c b 2
F
0 M
y wc
1 L
Rd , Punching
=

+
=


Tension & compression zone
mm 152 t h d
fc c
= =
mm 5 . 129
4
r 3
2 d L = =
mm 5 . 9 b L a = =

1 k 5 . 0 0023 . 1
L
c b
= > =
+

0 0 2 . 56 -
L t
c
8 . 2 1 1
c
t
82 . 0 1 L b
2
wc
2
2
2
wc
m
= < =
|
|
\
|
+ + =

mm 2 . 16
b L
b b
L
t
L
c
23 . 0
L
t
L x
m
m
3
1
wc
3
2
wc
0
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=

( ) [ ] b b if mm 6 . 23 c 4 x a L
2
t 3
c a 5 .. 1 a a x
m 0
wc 2
> = + +
+ + =

( )
( )
kN 55 . 72
1
x a t 3
x x c 5 . 1
x a
c 2 x a L
f t k F
0 M
wc
2
y
2
wc Rd , Comb
=
+
+
+
+
+ +
=

Compression zone

mm 152 t h d
fc c
= =
mm 5 . 129
4
r 3
2 d L = =
mm 5 . 9 b L a = =


SCIA Software

351
1 k 5 . 0
L
c b
= >
+

0 . 0 0
L t
c
8 . 2 1 1
c
t
82 . 0 1 L b
2
wc
2
2
2
wc
m
= <
|
|
\
|
+ + =

mm 23 . 16
b L
b b
L
t
L
c
23 . 0
L
t
L x
m
m
3
1
wc
3
2
wc
0
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=

( ) [ ] b b if mm 6 . 23 c 4 x a L
2
t 3
c a 5 .. 1 a a x
m 0
wc 2
> = + +
+ + =
( )
( )
kN
x a t
x x c
x a
c x a L
f t k F
M wc
y wc Rd Comb
5 . 72
1
3
5 . 1 2
0
2
2
,
=
+
+
+
+
+ +
=

Global failure

Tension zone
mm 5 . 7 1
b L
z
=
= with z=166.2mm
kN 92 . 1
f t 25 . 0
m
0 M
y
2
w
pl
=

=

kN 38 . 112
1
2
z
b 2
m
2
F
F
0 M
pl
tension , Rd , Com
Rd , Global
=
\
|
+ +
+ =

Compression zone

mm 5 . 7 1
b L
z
=
= with z=166.2mm
kN 92 . 1
f t 25 . 0
m
0 M
y
2
w
pl
=

=

kN
z
b
m
F
F
M
pl
n compressio Rd Com
Rd Global
38 . 112
1
2
2
2
0
, ,
,
=
|
\
|
+ +
+ =

Calculation note

According to COST C1 September 1998 & Revised Annex J EC3

1. Input data

Column HEA180
h 171.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
tf 9.50 mm
tw 6.00 mm
r 15.00 mm


SCIA Software

352
Column HEA180
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 240.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
tf 9.80 mm
tw 6.20 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.25
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Internal forces

N 0.18 kN
Vz 0.92 kN
My 0.00 kNm

Tension bottom

2.1.1. Column web in bending and punching: Local mechanism

Tension Zone
dm 0.00 mm
b0 0.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
c0 0.00 mm
c 9.80 mm
FRd,punch,LC1,tens 192.12 kN

Compression zone
b0 0.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
c0 0.00 mm
c 9.80 mm

2.1.1.3. Combined flexural and punching shear local

Tension Zone
L 129.50 mm
bm 0.00 mm
x0 16.23 mm


SCIA Software

353
Tension Zone
x 23.61 mm
a 9.50 mm
k 1.00
FComb,Rd,tens 72.55 kN

Compression zone
L 129.50 mm
bm 0.00 mm
x0 16.23 mm
x 23.61 mm
a 9.50 mm
k 1.00
FComb,Rd,comp 72.55 kN

FLocal,Rd= 72.55kN

2.1.2. Column in bending and punching: Global mechanism

Tension Zone
mpl 1.92 kN
z 166.25 mm
ro 17.50
FGlobal,Rd,tens 112.39 kN

Compression zone
z 166.25 mm
ro 17.50
FGlobal,Rd,comp 112.39 kN

FGlobal,Rd= 112.39kN


Fc,fb,Rd data
Fc,fb,Rd 339.67 kN
section clas 1
Mc,Rd 78.19 kNm
hb-tfb 230.20 mm


Mj,Rd data
F 72.55 kN
h 230.20 mm
Mj,Rd 16.70 kNm
Mj,Rd 16.70 kNm
(inclusive normal force)

VRd =235.93 kN


Sj data
Sj 2163.15 kNm/rad


SCIA Software

354
Sj data
z 230.20 mm
mu 5.00
k1 1.94 mm
k2 1.94 mm


Stiffness data
E 210000.00 MPa
Ib 38900001.53 mm^4
Lb 6000.00 mm
frame type braced
S1 10892.00 kNm/rad
S2 680.75 kNm/rad

System SEMI RIGID


Stiffness data
Fi y 0.00 kNm/rad
Sj,app 0.00 kNm/rad
Sj,upper boundary 680.75 kNm/rad


5. Unity checks

Unity checks
MSd/MjRd 0.00
VSd/VRd 0.00


6.1. Calculation weldsize af / Minium thickness th for stiffener in column

data
MRd 16.70 kNm
Gamma 1.40
h 230.20 mm
FRd 101.57 kN
NT,Rd 251.24 kN
N 101.57 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
minimum af 1.66 mm
af 5.00 mm
Minimum th 3.96 mm

6.2. Calculation aw


SCIA Software

355
data
M 16.70 kNm
N 0.18 kN
V 0.92 kN
fu 360.00 MPa
BetaW 0.80
a1 5.00 mm
a3 5.00 mm
l1 120.00 mm
l2 180.60 mm
l3 41.90 mm
A 2399.20 mm^2
I 28438455.99 mm^4
aw 4.00 mm


SCIA Software

356
2.9 PST.07.01 - 09: Bolted connection

Description
This benchmark consists in a verification of bolted beam-to-column connections compared with the table values given
in reference [1], Chapter 5 : "Bemessungshilfen fr nachgiebige Stahlknoten mit Stirnplattenanschlssen", Table 5-25
and 5-26.

Project data

Column data : HEB280 (S235)
Beam data : IPE240, IPE270, IPE300, IPE330, IPE360, IPE400, all made of S235
Bolt grade : 10.9

Reference

[1] Stahlbau Kalender 1999
1. Jahrgang
DSTV -1999

Result

Connection EPW SBK 99 %
MRd [kNm] 58 57 1.7
VRd [kN] 236 236
HEB280/IPE240/M24/20
node 3
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 10566 12060
MRd [kNm] 74 71 4.1
VRd [kN] 237 273
HEB280/IPE270/M24/25
node 5
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 15038 16699
MRd [kNm] 74 80 8.1
VRd [kN] 237 273
HEB280/IPE270/M24/35
node 6
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 15328 16898
MRd [kNm] 92 87 5.4
VRd [kN] 237 317
HEB280/IPE300/M24/25
node 7
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 19428 21159
MRd [kNm] 92 92 0.0
VRd [kN] 237 317
HEB280/IPE300/M24/35
node 8
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 19733 21393
MRd [kNm] 99 98 1.0
VRd [kN] 308 317
HEB280/IPE300/M27/25 (1)
node 9
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 17104 19555
MRd [kNm] 99 98 1.0
VRd [kN] 308 317
HEB280/IPE300/M27/25 (2)
node 10
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 17104 19572
MRd [kNm] 107 103 3.7
VRd [kN] 237 363
HEB280/IPE330/M24/25
node 11
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 24275 25963
MRd [kNm] 107 103 3.7
VRd [kN] 237 363
HEB280/IPE330/M24/35
node 12
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 24581 26229
HEB280/IPE330/M27/25 (1) MRd [kNm] 112 110 1.8


SCIA Software

357
VRd [kN] 308 380 node 13
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 21661 24231
MRd [kNm] 112 111 0.9
VRd [kN] 308 380
HEB280/IPE330/M27/25 (2)
node 14
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 21661 24252
MRd [kNm] 117 113 3.4
VRd [kN] 237 363
HEB280/IPE360/M24/25
node 15
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 28483 30200
MRd [kNm] 123 121 1.6
VRd [kN] 308 433
HEB280/IPE360/M27/25 (1)
node 16
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 25723 28369
MRd [kNm] 123 122 0.8
VRd [kN] 308 433
HEB280/IPE360/M27/25 (2)
node 17
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 25723 28392
MRd [kNm] 123 121 1.6
VRd [kN] 377 433
HEB280/IPE360/M30/20
node 18
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 24556 27258
MRd [kNm] 127 127 0.0
VRd [kN] 377 433
HEB280/IPE360/M30/25 (1)
node 19
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 28610 29199
MRd [kNm] 150 141 6.0
VRd [kN] 377 433
HEB280/IPE360/M30/25 (2)
node 20
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 33905 36971
MRd [kNm] 132 129 2.3
VRd [kN] 237 363
HEB280/IPE400/M24/25
node 21
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 35720 37770
MRd [kNm] 140 138 1.4
VRd [kN] 308 472
HEB280/IPE400/M27/25 (1)
node 22
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 33369 35806
MRd [kNm] 140 139 0.7
VRd [kN] 308 472
HEB280/IPE400/M27/25 (2)
node 23
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 33369 35835
MRd [kNm] 145 145 0.0
VRd [kN] 376 527
HEB280/IPE400/M30/25 (1)
node 24
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 37234 36816
MRd [kNm] 177 168 5.1
VRd [kN] 376 527
HEB280/IPE400/M30/25 (1)
node 25
Sj,ini [kNm/rad] 44240 46882

Version

PST070109.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
CVL


SCIA Software

358
2.10 PST.07.02 01 : Frame pinned connection (plate welded on the web)

Description
A pinned connection with a plate welded on the beam web and the column flange is calculated manually in node 2 of
the Tutorial Frame project. The results are compared with the results of ESA-Prima Win.

Project data
The following connection will be calculated :

h=0.163 m
b=0.164 m
t=0.012 m
Play=0.01m

The connection is composed of two plates welded symmetrically on each side of the beams web and to the columns
flange. The plates are made of Fe 360.

The node use for the check is the column-beam connection number 2 in the Tutorial Frame project. This connection is
composed with a HEA160 column and an IPE 240 Beam. We assume that the most dangerous load combination is the
4
th
. Considering that the moment approaches 0 precision, we can say that we have a pinned connection.

Forces in the connection :

N=262.4939 N T
z
=7990 N M0

Reference

ENV 1993-1-1:1992
Revised Annex J
ENV 19+93-1-1/pr A2


Result


0.038m
Weld
Part
0.164m
0.01m
0.163m
Play
Weldsize


SCIA Software

359

Version

PST070201.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)
Connect Frame Pinned (PST.07.02)

Author
NEM/CVL

Manual calculation

1. Calculation of VRd and NRd

1.1. Calculation Design Shear Resistance VRd for Connection Element

Transversal section of the plate :
2
pl pl pl
m 003912 . 0 t h 2 A = = (2 plates)

Normal stress :
2
pl
N
m
N
667 . 67099
003912 . 0
4939 . 262
A
N
= = =
Flexion module :
3
2
pl
pl
m 000106276 . 0
6
h t
2 W
pl
=
=
Design Shear Resistance : a= 0.082 m is the bolt center

N 66 . 240087
A
3
W
a
2
f
N
a
4
W
a 2
W
a 2
V
2
pl
2
2
2
M
2
y 2
N
2
2
2
pl
N
pl
N
Rd
pl
0
=
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|

+

=

1.2 Calculation Design Shear Resistance VRd for Beam

Shear Area : ( )
2
f w f v
m 00191276 . 0 t r 2 t t b 2 A A = + + =
Shear Resistance : N 57 . 235925
3
f A
VRd
0
M
y v
=

=

1.3 Calculation Design Tension Resistance NRd for Connection Element

Area of the element :
2
pl pl pl
m 003912 . 0 t h 2 A = =

Tension Resistance : N 45 . 835745
f A
N
0
M
y pl
Rd
=
=


SCIA Software

360

1.4 Calculation Design Tension Resistance NRd for Beam

Area of the Beam :
2
m 003910 . 0 A =

Tension Resistance : N 18 . 835318
f A
N
0
M
y
Rd
=
=
1.5 Unity Check

The most critical design shear resistance and design tension resistance is used to calculate the unity check :

Shear Unity Check : 1 10 38 . 3
57 . 235925
7990
V
V
2
Rd
Sd
= =

Connection OK for Shear

Tension Unity Check : 1 10 14 . 3
45 . 835745
4939 . 262
N
N
4
Rd
Sd
= =

Connection OK for Tension

2. Weldsize Calculation for Plate, Beam and Column

To determine the weldsize a for the plate on the beam and on the column, we must use a iterative process with a as
parameter until the Von Mises rules is respected (Annexe M/EC3) :

( )
w w
2 1 1
M
u
1
M w
u 2 2 2
f
and
f
3

+ +

Well only check the weldsize for the final value of a. For the weld between plate and beam we find a=4mm and for
weld between plate and column, the weldsize is a=10mm.

2.1 Weldsize Plate/Beam

We define the play as the effective distance between the end of the beam and the flange of the column. In this case, the
play is 10mm. By using EC3 and the Chapter 11 of the manual, we compute the following parameters :

Weldsize : a=0.004
Weld Length : m 139 . 0 12 . 0 2 163 . 0 t 2 h l
pl pl 1
= = =
m 13 . 0 t 2 Play b l
pl pl 2
= =
m 154 . 0 01 . 0 164 . 0 Play l l
pl
= = =

By EC3 : f
uw
=360000000N/m
2
and
w
=0.8

The order parameters are :

( )
10 . 104
l a 414 . 1 l a 577 . 0
l l a 577 . 0 l a 707 . 0
g
2 1
1 1
=
+
+
=

30377 . 0
l a 414 . 1 l a 577 . 0
l a 577 . 0
2 1
1
=
+

=

15603 . 0
h l a 577 . 0 l a 117 . 0
l a 117 . 0
pl 2
2
1
2
1
=
+

=


SCIA Software

361

3987 . 0
l a 14 . 1 l a 707 . 0
l a 707 . 0
2 1
1
=
+

=

g 10 L + =

Shear force on one plate : N 789 . 117962
2
V
D
Rd
= = (for one plate)
Normal force on one plate : N 24 . 131
2
N
N = =
Moment on the plate : Nm 781 . 13459 L D M = =

Weld Check 1:
2
1
2
1 1
m
N
74 . 115363040
l a 2
N
l a 2
M 6
1
==

+

= =
2
1
2
m
N
72 . 64449431
l a
D
=

=
Unity Check :
( )
1 4 . 0
f
and 1 316 . 0
f
3
w w
2 1 1
M
u
1
M w
u
2 2 2
=
=

+ +

Weld Check 2 :
( )
2
2
1 1
m
N
8731 . 55840293
l a 2 2
D 1
=

= =
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
m
N
161 . 134095932
l a 2
N 1
l a h
M 1
=
|
|
\
|

+

=

Unity Check :
( )
1 193 . 0
f
and 1 715 . 0
f
3
w w
2 1 1
M
u
1
M w
u
2 2 2
=
=

+ +

2.2 Weldsize Plate/Column

Weldsize : a=0.01 m

Normal Force : N=262.4939N

Moment : Nm 89674 . 19345 082 . 0 57 . 235925 L D M = = =

Stress Calculation :

2
2
pl
1 1
m
N
96 . 154518316
6
h
a 2 2
L D
l a 2 2
N
W
M
l a 2 2
N
=

+

= +

= =
2 2
m
N
7485 . 72369806
l a 2
D
=

=

Unity Check :
( )
1 92 . 0
f
3
w
2 1 1
M w
u
2 2 2
=

+ +


SCIA Software

362
1 53 . 0
f
w
M
u
1
=

Calculation note

Node 2 : frame pinned beam-to-column connection side CD

1. Input data

Column HEA160
h 152.00 mm
b 160.00 mm
tf 9.00 mm
tw 6.00 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 240.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
tf 9.80 mm
tw 6.20 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Welded plate
number 2
h 163.00 mm
b 164.00 mm
t 12.00 mm
position (to top of beam) 38.00 mm
play beam/column 10.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Internal forces

N 0.26 kN
Vz 7.99 kN
My -0.00 kNm

2. Design shear resistance
2.1.Design shear resistance VRd for connection element

data
sigmaN 0.07 MPa


SCIA Software

363
data
A 3912.00 mm^2
W 106276.00 mm^3
a 82.00 mm
VRd 240.09 kN

2.2.Design shear resistance VRd for beam

data
Av 1912.76 mm^2
VRd 235.93 kN

2.3.Critical design shear resistance VRd = 235.93 kN

3, Design tension/compression resistance NRd
3.1.Design compression/tension resistance NRd for connection element

data
A 3912.00 mm^2
NRd 835.75 kN

3.2.Design compression/tension resistance NRd for beam

data
A 3910.00 mm^2
NRd 835.32 kN

3.3.Critical design tension/compression NRd = 835.32 kN

4. Unity checks

Unity checks
VSd/VRd 0.03
NSd/NRd 0.00


5. Weldsize calculation
5.1. Weldsize plate/beam

data
fu 360.00 MPa
beta 0.80
a 3.00 mm
l1 139.00 mm
l2 130.00 mm
L 114.10 mm
g 104.10 mm
delta 0.30
mu 0.16
tau 0.40
D 117.96 kN
N 0.13 kN
M 13.46 kNm
for weld check 1:
sigma,1 154.28 MPa
tau,1 154.28 MPa
tau,2 85.93 MPa
for weld check 2:
sigma,1 74.68 MPa
tau,1 74.68 MPa
tau,2 178.79 MPa

5.2. Weldsize pate/column


SCIA Software

364

data
fu 360.00 MPa
beta 0.80
a 10.00 mm
L 82.00 mm
D 235.93 kN
N 0.26 kN
M 19.35 kNm
sigma,1 154.98 MPa
tau,1 154.98 MPa
tau,2 72.37 MPa


SCIA Software

365
2.11 PST.07.02 02 : Frame pinned connection (plate bolted to the web)

Description
A pinned connection with a plate bolted on the beam web and welded on the column flange is calculated manually in
node 2 of the Tutorial Frame project. The results are compared with the results of ESA-Prima Win.
In the first part normal bolts are used. In the second part, we replace these bolts by PRESTRESSED BOLTS and develop the
calculation note only for points that change by using this type of bolts.

Project data
The following connection is calculated :

The connection is composed of two plates bolted symmetrically on each side of the beams web and welded to column.
The plates are made of Fe 360.

The node used for the check is the column-beam connection number 2 in the Tutorial Frame project. This connection is
4
th

The forces in the connection :

N=262.4939 N T
z
=7990 N M0

Reference

ENV 1993-1-1:1992
Revised Annex J
ENV 19+93-1-1/pr A2


Weld
Part
M-16(DIN601)
Normal Bolt
0.189m
0.034m
0.01m
0
.
0
2
4
m

0.188m
Play


SCIA Software

366

Result


Version

PST070202.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
NEM/CVL

Manual calculation

1. Dimensions of the Plate and Position according to EC3

The plate is bolted to the webs beam on each side with M-16(DIN601) normal bolts. The position of the bolts and of
the plate on the webs beam and its dimensions are represented in the figure.

First, we must verify, according to EC3, the positioning of holes for bolts in the plate. The EC3 prescribes a minimum
and maximum end distance, a minimum and maximum edge distance and a minimum and maximum spacing.

the end distance e
1
from the center of a fastener hole to the adjacent end of any part, measured in the direction of the
load transfer must be not be less than 1,5d
0
, where d
0
is the diameter of the hole. We impose e
1
=241.5d
0
.

the edge distance e
2
from the center of a fastener hole to the adjacent edge of any part, measured at right angles to the
direction of the load transfer must be not less than 1,5d
0
. We impose e
2
=241.5d
0
.


2.1. Calculation Design Shear Resistance VRd for Connection Element

Transversal section of the plate :
2
m 004512 . 0 012 . 0 188 . 0 2 t h 2 A = = = (2 plates)

Normal Stress :
2 N
m
N
8395 . 58176
004512 . 0
4939 . 262
A
N
= = =
Flexion Module :
3
2
m 000141376 . 0
6
h t
2 W =
=

Bolt Center : a=0.0995m

Design Shear Resistance :


SCIA Software

367
N 015 . 266422
A
3
W
a
2
f
N
a
4
W
a 2
W
a 2
V
2 2
2
2
M
2
y
2
N
2
2
2
N N
Rd
0
=
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+

=


SCIA Software

368
2.2. Calculation Design Shear Resistance VRd for Beam

Shear Area : ( )
2
f w f v
m 00191276 . 0 t r 2 t t b 2 A A = + + =

Net Area : m 56 . 001689 . 0 d t 2 A A
0 w v net
= =
For the calculation of VRd in the beam, we use A
v
because
2
v
u
y
net
m 00124860 . 0 A
f
f
A =
Shear Resistance: N 57 . 235925
3
f A
VRd
0
M
y v
=

=

2.3. Calculation Design Tension Resistance NRd for Connection Element

Area :
2
m 004512 . 0 h t 2 A = =

Net Area :
2
0 net
m 003648 . 0 d 2 t 2 A A = =

Tension Resistance :
|
|
\
|
=
1
net
0
M
u
M
y
Rd
f A 9 . 0
,
f A
min N ( ) N 27 . 963927 81 . 1074501 , 27 . 963927 min = =

2.4. Calculation Design Tension Resistance NRd for Beam

Area :
2
m 003910 . 0 A =

Net Area :
2
0 net
m 0036868 . 0 d t 2 A A = =

|
|
\
|
=
1
net
0
M
u
M
y
Rd
f A 9 . 0
,
f A
min N ( ) N 18 . 835318 18 . 1085930 , 18 . 835318 min = =

2.5. Calculation Design Shear Resistance VRd for Bolt in Beam

The calculation of the shear resistance for bolt in beam is based on the following equation to be solve :

0 Q
n
N
n I
d N a 2
V
I
d a
I
c a
n
1
V
2
2
2
p
Rd
2
p
2 2
2
p
2 2
2
2
Rd
= +
|
|
\
|

+
|
|
\
|

+
+
m


SCIA Software

369
Where : 0.0995m a = 0.094m b = 0.0655m c = 0.07m d =

2
4
1 i
2 2
i p
m 036761 . 0 66 . 95 r I

= = =
=

( ) ( )
beam , Rd , b plate , Rd , b Rd , v
F ; F min , F 2 min Q = =31740.8256N for two plates, where

N 30144
A f 6 . 0
F
Mb
s ub
V
d R
=

=
N 8256 . 31740
t d f 5 . 2
F
Mb
u p
Beam , Rd , b
=

=

444 . 0 1 ;
f
f
;
4
1
d 3
p
;
d 3
e
min with
u
ub
0
1
0
1
p
=
|
|
\
|
=

N 712 . 122867
t d f 5 . 2
F
Mb
pl u p
plate , Rd , b
=

=
444 . 0 1 ;
f
f
;
4
1
d 3
p
;
d 3
e
min with
u
ub
0
1
0
1
p
=
|
|
\
|
=

By solving the second-degree equation, we find N 89 . 67907 VRd =

2.6. Calculation Design Block Shear Resistance

The design value of the effective resistance to block shear is determined by the following expression :

eff , v eff v,
M
eff , v y
Rd , eff
L t A with
3
A f
V
0
=

=

We determined the effective shear area A
v,eff
as follows :

m 049 . 0 a
1
= m 155 . 0 a
2
= m 051 . 0 a
3
=
m 14 . 0 a a h L
2 1 v
= =

( )
( ) m 24 . 0 2849 . 0 ; 24 . 0 min
f
f
d n a a L ; a a L min L
y
u
0 3 1 v 3 1 v 3
= =
|
|
\
|
+ + + + =

( ) m 049 . 0 d 5 ; a min L
0 1 1
= =

( )
bolt rows 2 for 2.5 k with
m 1685 . 0
f
f
d k a L
y
u
0 2 2
=
= =

( ) m 24 . 0 L ; L L L min L
3 2 1 v eff , v
= + + =

2
eff , v
m 001488 . 0 A =

a
1
L
v
a
3
a
2
d
c
b
a
r
i


SCIA Software

370
N 40 . 183534
3
A f
V
0 M
eff , v y
Rd , eff
=

=

2.7. Unity Check

The most critical design shear resistance and design tension resistance is used to calculate the unity check :

Shear Unity Check: 1 1176 . 0
89 . 67907
7990
V
V
Rd
Sd
= = Connection OK for Shear

Tension Unity Check: 1 10 14 . 3
45 . 835745
4939 . 262
N
N
4
Rd
Sd
= =


3. Weldsize Calculation between Plate and Column

As before, to determine the weldsize a for the plate on the column, we must use a iterative process with a as parameter
until the Von Mises rules is respected:

( )
w
2 1 1
M w
u 2 2 2
f
3

+ + and 1
f
w
M
u
1

Well only check the weldsize for the final value of a. For weld between plate and column, the weldsize is a=0.004m.

The data are :

Weldsize : a=0.004 m

Normal force : D=67907.89N

Moment : Nm 835 . 6756 0995 . 0 89 . 67907 L D M = = =
Flexion module :
3 5
2
m 10 6645 . 6
6
h
a 2 2 W
pl
= =
l : length of the weld l=0.188m

Stress calculation :

2
2
pl
1 1
m
N
087 . 10151858
6
h
a 2 2
L D
l a 2 2
N
W
M
l a 2 2
N
=

+

= +

= =
2 2
m
N
25 . 4515604
l a 2
D
=

=

Unity Check :
( )
1 0352 . 0
f
and 1 0604 . 0
f
3
w w
2 1 1
M
u
1
M w
u
2 2 2
=
=

+ +

4.Plate Bolted to Beam, Weld to Column with Prestressed Bolt

The following calculation is also based on a connection composed with a plate bolt to beam and weld to column. The
difference between this connection and the precedent is that we use prestressed bolt. The settings, meaning the type and
the dimension of the plate, the position of the bolt and of the plate in the webs beam, are exactly the same. Prestressed


SCIA Software

371
d
c
b
a
r
i
bolts use in this connection are M-16(DIN6914) grade 10.9. The results and the calculation of the shear resistance for
connection element, the block shear resistance, the tension/compression resistance for the connection element and for
the beam, and the unity check for tension are identical. This connection involves only the calculation of the design shear
resistance for bolts in beam and the weld size calculation.

4.1. Calculation Design Shear Resistance VRd for Bolts in Beam

The calculation of the shear resistance for bolt in beam is based on the following equation to be solve:

0 Q
n
N
n I
d N a 2
V
I
d a
I n
c a 2
I
c a
n
1
V
2
2
2
p
Rd
2
p
2 2
p
2
p
2 2
2
2
Rd
= +
|
|
\
|

+
|
|
\
|

+
+

Where: 0.0995m a = 0.094m b = 0.0655m c = 0.07m d =

2
4
1 i
2 2
i p
m 036761 . 0 66 . 95 r I

= = =
=

Rd , b
F Q = =26376N for two plates, where

( ) NN 26376 F 8 . 0 F
n k
F
tSd Cd , p
Ms
s
Rd , b
=

=
traction) (no 0 F
hole) the of clearance nominal (standart 1 k
tion) classifica surface (C 0.3
N 109900 A f 7 . 0 F with
Sd t,
s
s ub Cd p,
=
=
=
= =

Assuming that there is no traction in the bolt (N=0), the resolution of the second-degree equation give
N 126 . 56430 VRd = . This value is the most critical value of the design shear resistance and involves a new
calculation of the unity check and of the weldsize between the plate and the column.

4.2. Unity Check

The most critical design shear resistance and design tension resistance is used to calculate the unity check:
Shear Unity Check: 1 141 . 0
126 . 56430
7990
V
V
Rd
Sd
Tension Unity Check: 1 10 14 . 3
45 . 835745
4939 . 262
N
N
4
Rd
Sd
= =


3.3. Weldsize between Plate and Column

As before, to determine the weldsize a for the plate on the beam and on the column, we must use a iterative process
with a as parameter until the Von Mises rules is respected:

( )
1
f
and 1
f
3
w w
2 1 1
M
u
1
M w
u
2 2 2

+ +

Well only check the weldsize for the final value of a. For weld between plate and column, the weldsize is a=0.004m.

The data are :


SCIA Software

372

Weldsize : a=0.004 m

Normal force : D=56430.126N

Moment : Nm 79 . 5614 0995 . 0 126 . 56430 L D M = = =
Flexion module :
3 5
2
m 10 6645 . 6
6
h
a 2 2 W
pl
= =
l: length of the weld l=0.188m


2
2
pl
1 1
m
N
46 . 84624528
6
h
a 2 2
L D
l a 2 2
N
W
M
l a 2 2
N
=

+

= +

= =
2 2
m
N
59 . 37520030
l a 2
D
=

=

Unity Check :
( )
1 293 . 0
f
and 1 503 . 0
f
3
w w
2 1 1
M
u
1
M w
u
2 2 2
=
=

+ +

Calculation note

Normal bolts


1. Input data

Column HEA160
h 152.00 mm
b 160.00 mm
tf 9.00 mm
tw 6.00 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 240.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
tf 9.80 mm
tw 6.20 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolted plate
number 2
h 188.00 mm
b 189.00 mm
t 12.00 mm


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Bolted plate
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts M-16 (DIN601)
type normal
grade 4.6
fu 400.00 MPa
As 157.00 mm^2
do 18.00 mm
S 24.00 mm
e 26.20 mm
h head 10.00 mm
h nut 13.00 mm

Bolt position
number of rows 2
number of columns 2
x1 34.00 mm
x2 24.00 mm
y1 24.00 mm
y2 24.00 mm

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Internal forces

N 0.26 kN
Vz 7.99 kN
My -0.00 kNm


data
sigmaN 0.06 MPa
A 4512.00 mm^2
W 141376.00 mm^3
a 99.50 mm
VRd 266.42 kN


data
Av 1912.76 mm^2
Av,net 1689.56 mm^2
VRd 235.93 kN

2.3.Design shear resistance VRd for bolts in beam

Bolt resistance


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Bolt resistance
e1 24.00 mm
p1 140.00 mm
alfa,el 0.44
alfa,bw 0.44
Fb,el,Rd 122.88 kN
Fb,bw,Rd 31.74 kN
Fv,Rd 30.14 kN

data
a 99.50 mm
b 94.00 mm
d 70.00 mm
c 65.50 mm
Ip 36761.00 mm^2
VRd 67.91 kN

2.4.Design block shear resistance VRd

data
k 1.50
a1 49.00 mm
a2 155.00 mm
a3 51.00 mm
L1 49.00 mm
L2 196.09 mm
L3 240.00 mm
Lv 140.00 mm
Lv,eff 240.00 mm
Av,eff 1488.00 mm^2
VRd 183.53 kN



data
A 4512.00 mm^2
A,net 3648.00 mm^2
NRd 963.93 kN


data
A 3910.00 mm^2
A,net 3686.80 mm^2
NRd 835.32 kN


4. Unity checks

Unity checks
VSd/VRd 0.12
NSd/NRd 0.00


5.1. Weldsize plate/column

data


SCIA Software

375
data
fu 360.00 MPa
beta 0.80
a 4.00 mm
L 99.50 mm
D 67.91 kN
N 0.26 kN
M 6.76 kNm
sigma,1 101.82 MPa
tau,1 101.82 MPa
tau,2 45.16 MPa

Prestressed bolts


1. Input data

Column HEA160
h 152.00 mm
b 160.00 mm
tf 9.00 mm
tw 6.00 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 240.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
tf 9.80 mm
tw 6.20 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolted plate
number 2
h 188.00 mm
b 189.00 mm
t 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts M16-10.9 (DIN6914)
type prestressed
grade 10.9
fu 1000.00 MPa
As 157.00 mm^2
do 18.00 mm
S 27.00 mm
e 29.60 mm
h head 10.00 mm
h nut 13.00 mm

Bolt position
number of rows 2


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376
Bolt position
number of columns 2
x1 34.00 mm
x2 24.00 mm
y1 24.00 mm
y2 24.00 mm

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Internal forces

N 0.26 kN
Vz 7.99 kN
My -0.00 kNm


data
sigmaN 0.06 MPa
A 4512.00 mm^2
W 141376.00 mm^3
a 99.50 mm
VRd 266.42 kN


data
Av 1912.76 mm^2
Av,net 1689.56 mm^2
VRd 235.93 kN


Data for high strength bolts
ks 1.00
n 1.00
slip factor 0.30
Fp,Cd 109.90 kN
Ft,Sd 0.00 kN
Fs,Rd 26.38 kN

data
a 99.50 mm
b 94.00 mm
d 70.00 mm
c 65.50 mm
Ip 36761.00 mm^2
VRd 56.43 kN


data
k 1.50


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377
data
a1 49.00 mm
a2 155.00 mm
a3 51.00 mm
L1 49.00 mm
L2 196.09 mm
L3 240.00 mm
Lv 140.00 mm
Lv,eff 240.00 mm
Av,eff 1488.00 mm^2
VRd 183.53 kN



data
A 4512.00 mm^2
A,net 3648.00 mm^2
NRd 963.93 kN


data
A 3910.00 mm^2
A,net 3686.80 mm^2
NRd 835.32 kN


4. Unity checks

Unity checks
VSd/VRd 0.14
NSd/NRd 0.00


5.1. Weldsize plate/column

data
fu 360.00 MPa
beta 0.80
a 4.00 mm
L 99.50 mm
D 56.43 kN
N 0.26 kN
M 5.61 kNm
sigma,1 84.62 MPa
tau,1 84.62 MPa
tau,2 37.52 MPa


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2.12 PST.07.02 03 : Frame pinned connection (Angles)

Description
A pinned connection with two angles is calculated manually in node 2 of the Tutorial Frame project. The results are
compared with the results of ESA-Prima Win.

Project data

The connection is composed of two angle profiles bolted symmetrically on each side of the beams web and to the
columns flange. The angles are made of Fe 360. The angle used to build this connection is an H60/60/6 profile bolted
to the beam on each side and to the column by using normal bolts M-12(DIN601). The settings necessary to verify this
connection according to EC3 are represented in the figure.

The node use for the check is the column-beam connection number 2 in the Tutorial frame project. This connection is
4
th


N=262.4939 N T
z
=7990 N M0

Reference

ENV 1993-1-1:1992
Revised Annex J
ENV 19+93-1-1/pr A2


0.03
m
0
.
0
1
8
Colum
View A-A
Beam

0.01
Play
M-12(DIN601)
H60/60/6
0.03m
0.059m
0
.
0
1
8
m

0
.
1
8
8
m

0.025m
Column
A
A


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379

Result


Version

PST070203.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
NEM

Manual calculation

1. Bolted Angle in Beam and Column

As we can see, the dimension of the column and the beam allowed only one column of two bolts on the beam and the
column, conforming to the rules in the EC3 concerning the position of holes in the connected members.


2.1 Calculation Design Shear Resistance VRd for Connection Element

Transversal section of the corner :
2
cor cor cor
m 002256 . 0 t h 2 A = = (2 corners)

Normal Stress :
2
cor
N
m
N
67 . 116353
002256 . 0
4939 . 262
A
N
= = =
Flexion Module : MOMENT NO m 000706 . 0
6
h t
2 0 W
3
2
cor
pl
cor
|
|
\
|
=
=
Design Shear Resistance :

N 7939 . 278261 V 0
f
A
3
V
Rd
2
M
2
y
2
N
2
2
Rd
0
= =
+

2.2 Calculation Design Shear Resistance VRd for Beam

Shear Area : ( )
2
f w f v
m 00191276 . 0 t r 2 t t b 2 A A = + + =

Net Area : m 00173916 . 0 d t 2 A A
0 w v net
= =
For the calculation of VRd in the beam, we use A
v
because
2
v
u
y
net
m 00124860 . 0 A
f
f
A =


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380
Shear Resistance : N 57 . 235925
3
f A
VRd
0
M
y v
=

=
2.3. Calculation Design Shear Resistance VRd for Bolt in Beam

The calculation of the shear resistance for bolt in beam is based on the following equation to be solve:

0 Q
n
N
n I
d N a 2
V
I
d a
I n
c a 2
I
c a
n
1
V
2
2
2
p
Rd
2
p
2 2
p
2
p
2 2
2
2
Rd
= +
|
|
\
|

+
|
|
\
|

+
+
m

Where : 0.03m a = 0.094m b = 0m c = 0.076m d =

2
2
i p
m 011552 . 0 r I
= = m 018 . 0 e
1
= m 152 . 0 p
1
=

( ) ( )
beam , Rd , b cor , Rd , b Rd , v
F ; F min , F 2 min Q = =22957.71N for two corners, where

N 16224
A f 6 . 0
F
Mb
s ub
V
d R
=

=

N 71 . 22957
t d f 5 . 2
F
Mb
u p
Beam , Rd , b
=

=

428 . 0 1 ;
f
f
;
4
1
d 3
p
;
d 3
e
min with
u
ub
0
1
0
1
p
=
|
|
\
|
=

N 28 . 44434
t d f 5 . 2
F
Mb
cor u p
cor , Rd , b
=

=
428 . 0 1 ;
f
f
;
4
1
d 3
p
;
d 3
e
min with
u
ub
0
1
0
1
p
=
|
|
\
|
=

By solving the second-degree equation, we find N 41 . 42718 VRd =

2.4. Calculation Design Block Shear Resistance

The design value of the effective resistance to block shear is determined by the following expression :

eff , v eff v,
M
eff , v y
Rd , eff
L t A with
3
A f
V
0
=

=

We determined the effective shear area A
v,eff
as follows :

m 043 . 0 a
1
= m 045 . 0 a
2
= m 02 . 0 a
3
=

m 152 . 0 a a h L
2 1 v
= =
( )
( ) m 24 . 0 324 . 0 ; 24 . 0 min
f
f
d n a a L ; a a L min L
y
u
0 3 1 v 3 1 v 3
= =
|
|
\
|
+ + + + =

d
b
a
r
i
a
1
L
v
a
3
a
2


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381

( ) m 043 . 0 d 5 ; a min L
0 1 1
= =

( )
5 . 0 k with
m 019914 . 0
f
f
d k a L
y
u
0 2 2
=
= =

( ) m 2149 . 0 L ; L L L min L
3 2 1 v eff , v
= + + =

2
eff , v
m 001332 . 0 A =

N 14 . 164351
3
A f
V
0 M
eff , v y
Rd , eff
=

=

2.5. Calculation Design Shear Resistance for Bolts in Column

The profile use in the present connection is a H60/60/6. To determine the design shear resistance for bolts in the flange
of the column, we use a iterative process with h
D
as parameter until we reach a equilibrium :

|
|
\
|

=
0 0
M
cor , y
M
beam , y
D
f
,
f
min

Well only consider the check for the final value of h
D
. As represented in the figure, we
have the following data :

m 008 . 0 r = m 03 . 0 a = m 006 . 0 s =

m 0128436 . 0 s 577 . 1 r 4227 . 0 b = + = m 0028436 . 0 Play b b
s
= =

m 011 . 0 h
D
=
2 2
i pD
m 029194 . 0 r I
D
= =

We compute : 0951 . 1
a n I
a
K
2
p
D
=

=

Corne
Beam
Colum
n
Play

s
b
r
b
s
D
View A-A
h
D
D
d
Web
Beam
Corner
A
A
a
e
p
1
Flange
Column


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382

We define x
j
=0.03m and z
j
=0.165m respectively as the maximum horizontal distance between bolts and d and the
maximum vertical distance between the bolts and d. Its corresponds to the further bolts how is submitted to the higher
force.

( ) 5 . 0 x a K
n
1
A
j
= + = 18069 . 0 z K B
j
= =
N 16224
F n 4 . 1
N
1 F , F min Q
Rd , t
Rd , v Rd , b
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|

= where:

N 16224
A f 6 . 0
F
Mb
s ub
cor , V
d R
=

= and N 24336
A f 9 . 0
F
Mb
s ub
Rd , t
=

=

N 2 . 22187
t d f 5 . 2
F
Mb
cor u p
cor , Rd , b
=

=
N 28 . 33281
t d f 5 . 2
F
Mb
flange u p
flange , Rd , b
=

=
428 . 0 1 ;
f
f
;
4
1
d 3
p
;
d 3
e
min with
u
ub
0
1
0
1
p
=
|
|
\
|
=

With this values, we have :

N 94 . 61032
B A
Q 2
V
2 2
ColFlange , Rd
=
+
=

= = N 64 . 5948 z K V Q
j Rd h

2
D D
h
D
m
N
89 . 209194259
b h
Q
=
=

2.6. Calculation Design Tension Resistance NRd for Connection Element

Area :
2
m 002256 . 0 h t 2 A = =

Net Area :
2
0 net
m 001920 . 0 d 2 t 2 A A = =

Tension Resistance:
|
|
\
|
=
1
net
0
M
u
M
y
Rd
f A 9 . 0
,
f A
min N ( ) N 63 . 481963 277 . 565527 , 63 . 481963 min = =


Area :
2
m 003910 . 0 A =

Net Area :
2
0 net
m 0037364 . 0 d t 2 A A = =



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383
|
|
\
|
=
1
net
0
M
u
M
y
Rd
f A 9 . 0
,
f A
min N ( ) N 175 . 835318 63 . 1100539 , 18 . 835318 min = =

2.8. Calculation Design Tension Resistance NRd

As prescribed in EC3 Annexe J, we can substituted a bolt joint by a equivalent T-stub to model the resistance of the
column flange. The length of the considered T-stub is note l
eff
.

2.8.1. T-Stub Model: Calculation of the equivalent length

First, we have to calculate the length l
eff
in the corner for the equivalent T-Stub model by considering the bolts
individually (note I) or as part of a group of bolt-rows (note g). Each of this case well be calculate for a circular pattern
(note cp) and a non-circular pattern (note nc). We define in the following table p as the pitch of the holes and the
parameters m and e as represented in the figures.

Bolt for Element
Start Bolt for Element End Bolt for Element
2
t
a m
cor
=
0.027m
( )
1 i , cp , eff
e 2 m ; m 2 min l + = l
eff,cp,i,e1
=0.1208 l
eff,cp,i,e2
=0.1208
( )
1 i , nc , eff
e e 625 . 0 m 2 ; e 25 . 1 m 4 min l + + + = l
eff,nc,i,e1
=0.09075 l
eff,nc,i,e2
=0.09075
( )
1 1 g , cp , eff
p e 2 ; p m min l + + = l
eff,cp,g,e1
=0.188 l
eff,cp,g,e2
=0.188
( ) p 5 . 0 e 625 . 0 m 2 ; p 5 . 0 e min l
1 g , nc , eff
+ + + = l
eff,nc,g,e1
=0.094 l
eff,nc,g,e2
=0.094
Bolt for Column-Flange
Start Bolt for Column End Bolt for
Column
r 8 . 0
2
t
2
t
a m
col , w beam , w
+ =
0.0181m
( ) m ; m 2 min l
i , cp , eff
=
l
eff,cp,i,col1
=0.0.1137 l
eff,cp,i,col2
=0.1137
P=0.152
e
1
=0.018
m
Cor

e
Column
=0.022625
m
Col
a=0.03m
e
element
=0.03


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384
( ) e 625 . 0 m 2 ; e 25 . 1 m 4 min l
i , nc , eff
+ + = l
eff,nc,i,col1
=0.14976 l
eff,nc,i,col2
=0.1497
( )
1 g , cp , eff
p ; p m min l + = l
eff,cp,g,col1
=0.20886 l
eff,cp,g,col2
=0.20886
( ) p 5 . 0 e 625 . 0 m 2 ; p 5 . 0 min l
g , nc , eff
+ + = l
eff,cp,g,col1
=0.15088 l
eff,cp,g,col2
=0.15088
ELEMENT COLUMN
Bolt Consider Individually Start Bolt End Bolt Start Bolt End Bolt
MODE1
( )
i , nc , eff i , cp , eff 1 , eff
l , l min l =
0.0907 0.0907 0.1137 0.1137
MODE 2
i , nc , eff 2 , eff
l l =
0.0907 0.0907 0.14977 0.14977
Bolt considered as a part of a group
bolt-rows

MODE 1
(

=
g , nc , eff g , cp , eff 1 , eff
l , l min l

Min(0.376, 0.188)=0.188

Min(0.4177,0.30177)=
0.30177
MODE 2

=
g , nc , eff 2 , eff
l l

0.188

0.30177

2.8.2. Failure Mode

According to EC3, to obtain the design tension resistance of a connection represented by an equivalent T-Stub flange
model, it is necessary to determine the maximum resistance of each bolt-group (element and column) and for each bolt-
row.

Bolt-Group:

ELEMENT

COLUMN
0
r
M
y
2
1 , eff
Rd , 1 , pl
f t l 25 . 0
M

=

361.4727Nm

1305.5196Nm
0
M
y
2
2 , eff
Rd , 2 , pl
f t l 25 . 0
M

=

361.4727Nm

1305.5196Nm
Mb
s bolt , u
Rd , t Rd , t
A f 9 . 0
F B

= =

24336N

24336N
Rd , t bolt Rd , t
B n B =

97344N

97344N
FAILURE MODE 1
m
M 4
F
Rd , 1 , pl
Rd , T
=

53551.51N

288512.634N


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385
FAILURE MODE 2
n m
B n M 2
F
Rd , t Rd , 2 , pl
Rd , T
+
+
=

63916.93N

118193.91N
FAILURE MODE 3
=
Rd , t Rd , T
B F

97344N

97344N

Note: n
Element
=e
min
=0.03
n
Column
=e
min
=0.022625

Each bolt-row considered individually:

ELEMENT

1
ST
ROW

2
ND
ROW
0
M
y
2
cor e , 1 , eff
Rd , 1 , pl
f t l 25 . 0
M

=

174.487Nm

174.487Nm
0
M
y
2
cor e , 2 , eff
Rd , 2 , pl
f t l 25 . 0
M

=

174.487Nm

174.487Nm
FAILURE MODE 1
m
M 4
F
Rd , 1 , pl
Rd , T
=

25850N

25850N
FAILURE MODE 2
n m
B n M 2
F
Rd , t Rd , 2 , pl
Rd , T
+
+
=

31739.21N

31739.21N
FAILURE MODE 3
=
Rd , t Rd , T
B F

48672N

48672N
COLUMN

1
ST
ROW

2
ND
ROW
0
M
y
2
fcol col , 1 , eff
Rd , 1 , pl
f t l 25 . 0
M

=

491.9926Nm
491.9926Nm
0
M
y
2
fcol col , 2 , eff
Rd , 2 , pl
f t l 25 . 0
M

=

647.947Nm

647.947Nm
( ) N 51 . 53551 F min F
Rd , T Group , Element , Rd , T
= =
( ) N 97344 F min F
Rd , T Group , Column , Rd , T
= =


SCIA Software

386
FAILURE MODE 1
m
M 4
F
Rd , 1 , pl
Rd , T
=

108727.65N

108727.65N
FAILURE MODE 2
n m
B n M 2
F
Rd , t Rd , 2 , pl
Rd , T
+
+
=

58860.601N

58860.601N
FAILURE MODE 3
=
Rd , t Rd , T
B F

48672N

48672N

The previous table lead to the determination of the design resistance tension for the column flange, the column web and
the connected element:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
0) (M connection pinned a in 0 because 1 where
6826 . 386820
f t l , l min
N
N 97344 97344 ; 97344 min F , F min N
N 51700 51 . 53551 ; 51700 min F , F min N
0
M
y wb Column , 2 , eff Column , 1 , eff
ColumnWeb , Rd
Group , Column , Rd , T Boltrow , Column , Rd , T BoltColumn , Rd
Group , Element , Rd , T Boltrow , Element , Rd , T t BoltElemen , Rd
= = =
=

=
= = =
= = =

2.9. Unity Check


Shear Unity Check : 1 187 . 0
41 . 42718
7990
V
V
Rd
Sd

51700
4939 . 262
N
N
3
Rd
Sd
= =


( )
( ) = + = =
= + = =
N 97344 48672 48672 F min F
N 51700 25850 25850 F min F
Rd , T Boltrow , Column , Rd , T
Rd , T Boltrow , Element , Rd , T


SCIA Software

387
Calculation note


1. Input data

Column HEA160
h 152.00 mm
b 160.00 mm
tf 9.00 mm
tw 6.00 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 240.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
tf 9.80 mm
tw 6.20 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Angle H60/60/6
number 2
h 188.00 mm
b 59.00 mm
t 6.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bolts in beam M-12 (DIN601)
type normal
grade 4.6
fu 400.00 MPa
As 84.50 mm^2
do 14.00 mm
S 19.00 mm
e 20.90 mm
h head 8.00 mm
h nut 10.00 mm

Bolt position in beam
number of rows 2
number of columns 1
x1 30.00 mm
x2 29.00 mm
y1 18.00 mm
y2 18.00 mm

Bolts in column M-12 (DIN601)
type normal
grade 4.6
fu 400.00 MPa


SCIA Software

388
As 84.50 mm^2
do 14.00 mm
S 19.00 mm
e 20.90 mm
h head 8.00 mm
h nut 10.00 mm

Bolt position in column
number of rows 2
number of columns 1
x1 30.00 mm
x2 30.00 mm
y1 18.00 mm
y2 18.00 mm

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Internal forces

N 0.26 kN
Vz 7.99 kN
My -0.00 kNm


data
sigmaN 0.12 MPa
A 2256.00 mm^2
VRd 278.26 kN


data
Av 1912.76 mm^2
Av,net 1739.16 mm^2
VRd 235.93 kN


Bolt resistance
e1 18.00 mm
p1 152.00 mm
alfa,el 0.43
alfa,bw 0.43
Fb,el,Rd 44.43 kN
Fb,bw,Rd 22.96 kN
Fv,Rd 16.22 kN

data
a 30.00 mm
b 94.00 mm


SCIA Software

389
data
d 76.00 mm
c 0.00 mm
Ip 11552.00 mm^2
VRd 42.71 kN


data
k 0.50
a1 43.00 mm
a2 20.00 mm
a3 45.00 mm
L1 43.00 mm
L2 19.91 mm
L3 240.00 mm
Lv 152.00 mm
Lv,eff 214.91 mm
Av,eff 1332.47 mm^2
VRd 164.35 kN

2.5.Design shear resistance VRd for bolts in column

Bolt resistance
e1 18.00 mm
p1 152.00 mm
alfa,el 0.43
alfa,cf 0.43
Fb,el,Rd 22.22 kN
Fb,cf,Rd 33.33 kN
Fv,Rd 16.22 kN
Ft,Rd 24.34 kN

data
hd 11.00 mm
bd 2.84 mm
sigma,d 209.19 MPa
a 30.00 mm
Ipd 29194.00 mm^2
zk 165.00 mm
xj 30.00 mm
K 1.10e-003 1/mm
A 5.00e-001
B 1.81e-001
VRd 61.03 kN



data
A 2256.00 mm^2
A,net 1920.00 mm^2
NRd 481.96 kN


data
A 3910.00 mm^2
A,net 3736.40 mm^2
NRd 835.32 kN


SCIA Software

390

3.3.Design tension resistance NRd
Bt,Rd = 24.34 kN
3.3.1.Column flange
kfc = 1.00

row p (p1+p2) e m n
1 152.00 61.90 18.10 22.63
2 152.00 61.90 18.10 22.63

row leff,cp,i leff,nc,i leff,cp,g leff,nc,g
1 113.73 149.77 208.86 150.89
2 113.73 149.77 208.86 150.89

NRd data
Som Fti,fc,Rd 97.34 kN
Ftg,fc,Rd 97.34 kN
Ft,wc,Rd 386.82 kN

3.3.2.Connection element

row p (p1+p2) e m n
1 152.00 30.00 27.00 30.00 18.00
2 152.00 30.00 27.00 30.00 18.00

1 120.82 90.75 188.00 94.00
2 120.82 90.75 188.00 94.00

NRd data
Som Fti,el,Rd 51.70 kN
Ftg,el,Rd 53.55 kN


4. Unity checks

Unity checks
VSd/VRd 0.19
NSd/NRd 0.01



SCIA Software

391
2.13 PST.07.02 04 : Frame pinned connections (Short endplate)

Description
A pinned connection with a short endplate is calculated manually in node 2 of the Tutorial Frame project. The results
are compared with the results of ESA-Prima Win.

Project data

The connection is composed of a endplate made in Fe 360. This endplate is bolted to columnflange and welded to
beams web.

The node used for the check is the column-beam connection number 2 in the Tutorial Frame project. This connection is
4
th


N=262.4939 N T
z
=7990 N M0

Reference

Colum
0.03
m
0
.
0
1
8
View A-A
M-12(DIN601)
b
endplate
=0.159
0.86m
Beam
Play
Column
Endplate
Weld Part
25 mm
0.188m
m
A
A


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ENV 1993-1-1:1992
Revised Annex J
ENV 19+93-1-1/pr A2


Result

Version

PST070204.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
NEM/CVL

Manual calculation

1. Dimensions and Position of the Endplate

This type of frame pinned connection is composed by a plate placed between the beam and the column. The plate is
bolted to the flanges column by normal bolts and weld to the webs beam. The following figure specifies the settings.
We must note that the disposition of the bolts does not satisfy the rules imposed by EC3. In spite of this, we continue
the control this connection so that we can use 3 rows of bolts and the specific calculation that implies (intermediate row
of bolts). The solution would be to place 2 rows of bolts in place of three.


2.1. Calculation design local shear resistance VRd for beam

Transversal section of the corner :
2
beamweb Endpl Endpl
m 0011656 . 0 t h A = =

Normal stress :
2
Endpl
N
m
N
669 . 225200
0011656 . 0
4939 . 262
A
N
= = =

Flexion module : MOMENT NO 0 W
pl
=
Design Shear Resistance : 0
f
A
3
V
2
M
2
y
2
N
2
2
Rd
0
=
+

By solving this second degree, we obtain : 548 . 143768 V
Rd
=


SCIA Software

393

2.2. Calculation Design Shear Resistance VRd for Bolt in Column

The calculation of the design shear resistance for bolt in the column is based on the following expression:

N 002 . 97219 F ,
F 4 . 1 n
N
1 F min V
Rd , b
Rd , t
Rd , v Rd
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|

= , where

Where : 0.018m e
1
= 0.152m p
1
= 6 n =

N 16224
A f 6 . 0
F
Mb
s ub
V
d R
=

=

N 24336
A f 9 . 0
F
Mb
s ub
Rd , t
=

=

N 71 . 33325
t d f 5 . 2
F
Mb
u p
Column , Rd , b
=

=

4285 . 0 1 ;
f
f
;
4
1
d 3
p
;
d 3
e
min with
u
ub
0
1
0
1
p
=
|
|
\
|
=

N 285 . 44434
t d f 5 . 2
F
Mb
cor u p
Endpl , Rd , b
=

=
4285 . 0 1 ;
f
f
;
4
1
d 3
p
;
d 3
e
min with
u
ub
0
1
0
1
p
=
|
|
\
|
=


Area of the element:
2
wBeam Endpl
m 0011655 . 0 t h A = =

Tension Resistance: N 18 . 24899318
f A
N
0
M
y
Rd
=
=

2.4. Calculation Design Tension Resistance NRd for Bolt and Column Flange

As prescribed in EC3 Annexe J, we can substituted a bolt joint by a equivalent T-stub to model the resistance of the
column flange. The length of the considered T-stub is note l
eff
.

2.4.1. T-Stub Model: Calculation of the equivalent length

The sheme follows to calculate the length l
eff
for the equivalent T-Stub model is the same that we used in bolted angle
(Chap.4). As weve seen, the computing of the equivalent length is quite complicate by the amount of value to
determine. To simplify the presentation, well only calculate l
eff
for the intermediate bolt considered individually and as
part of a group of bolt-rows. Each of this case well be calculate for a circular pattern (note cp) and a non-circular
pattern (note nc). We define in the following table p as the pitch of the holes and the parameters m and n as represented
in the figures. The other equivalent length are calculated in the same way than in the bolted angle connection.

p
1
=0.076
e
1
=0.018


SCIA Software

394

Bolt for Element and Column Flange
Intermediate Bolt for Element Intermediate Bolt for Column
Flange
m 0.03537m 0.028m
m 2 l
i , cp , eff
= l
eff,cp,i,e1
=0.222 l
eff,cp,i,e2
=0.1759
e 25 . 1 m 4 l
i , nc , eff
+ = l
eff,nc,i,e1
=0.1871 l
eff,nc,i,e2
=0.177
p 2 l
g , cp , eff
= l
eff,cp,g,e1
=0.152 l
eff,cp,g,e2
=0.152
p l
g , nc , eff
= l
eff,nc,g,e1
=0.076 l
eff,nc,g,e2
=0.076

2.4.2. Failure Mode

The maximum resistance of each bolt group (element and column) and for each bolt-row are calculated in the same we
that in the bolted angle. The results are:

Bolt-Group: ( ) N 989 . 114384 F min F
Rd , T Group , Endpl , Rd , T
= =

( ) N 08 . 126304 F min F
Rd , T Group , Column , Rd , T
= =

Bolt-rows individually: ( ) = = N 576 . 145856 F min F
Rd , T Boltrow , Endplt , Rd , T

( ) = = N 146016 F min F
Rd , T Boltrow , Column , Rd , T

The previous results lead to the determination of the design resistance tension for the column flange, the column web
and the connected element:

e
element
=0.0365
e
Column
0.052
m
P=0.076
e
1
=0.018


SCIA Software

395
( )
( )
( )
N 183 . 421718
f t l , l min
N
N 08 . 126304 F , F min N
N 989 . 114384 F , F min N
0
M
y wb Column , 2 , eff Column , 1 , eff
ColumnWeb , Rd
Group , Column , Rd , T Boltrow , Column , Rd , T BoltColumn , Rd
Group , Element , Rd , T Boltrow , Element , Rd , T BoltEndplt , Rd
=

=
= =
= =

2.5. Unity Check


Shear Unity Check : 1 0821 . 0
002 . 97219
7990
V
V
Rd
Sd

989 . 114384
4939 . 262
N
N
3
Rd
Sd
= =


2.6. Weldsize Endplate/Beam

Weldsize : a=0.04 m Moment: M=0 (Pinned Frame) ) f ; min(f f
Column u, Endpl u, uw
=
Normal force : N=262.4939

Shear force : 002 . 97219 V D
Rd
= = N


2 1 1
m
N
524 . 123780 0
l a 2 2
N
W
M
l a 2 2
N
= +

= +

= = where l=0.188m
2 2
m
N
474 . 64640294
l a 2
D
=

=
Unity Check :
( )
1 10 29 . 4
f
and 1 311 . 0
f
3
4
M
u
1
M w
u
2 2 2
w w
2 1 1
=
=

+ +
where
w
=0.8

Calculation note


1. Input data

Column HEA160
h 152.00 mm
b 160.00 mm
tf 9.00 mm
tw 6.00 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa


SCIA Software

396

h 240.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
tf 9.80 mm
tw 6.20 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Endplate
h 188.00 mm
b 159.00 mm
t 12.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

type normal
grade 4.6
fu 400.00 MPa
As 84.50 mm^2
do 14.00 mm
S 19.00 mm
e 20.90 mm
h head 8.00 mm
h nut 10.00 mm

number of rows 3
spacing 86.00 mm
y1 18.00 mm
y2 18.00 mm

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Internal forces

N 0.26 kN
Vz 7.99 kN
My -0.00 kNm

2.1.Design local shear resistance VRd for beam

data
sigmaN 0.23 MPa
A 1165.60 mm^2
VRd 143.77 kN



SCIA Software

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Bolt resistance
e1 18.00 mm
p1 76.00 mm
alfa,el 0.43
alfa,cf 0.43
Fb,el,Rd 44.43 kN
Fb,cf,Rd 33.33 kN
Fv,Rd 16.22 kN
Ft,Rd 24.34 kN

data
n 6
VRd 97.22 kN


3.1.Design tension/compression resistance NRd for beam web

data
A 1165.60 mm^2
NRd 249.01 kN

Bt,Rd = 24.34 kN
3.2.1.Column flange
kfc = 1.00

row p (p1+p2) e m n
1 76.00 52.00 28.00 35.00
2 76.00 52.00 28.00 35.00
3 76.00 52.00 28.00 35.00

1 175.93 177.00 163.96 126.50
2 175.93 177.00 152.00 76.00
3 175.93 177.00 163.96 126.50

NRd data
Som Fti,fc,Rd 146.02 kN
Ftg,fc,Rd 126.30 kN
Ft,wc,Rd 421.72 kN


row p (p1+p2) e m n
1 76.00 36.50 35.37 36.50 18.00
2 76.00 36.50 35.37 36.50 -
3 76.00 36.50 35.37 36.50 18.00

1 147.13 111.56 112.00 56.00
2 222.26 187.12 152.00 76.00
3 147.13 111.56 112.00 56.00


SCIA Software

398
NRd data
Ftg,el,Rd 114.38 kN


4. Unity checks

Unity checks
VSd/VRd 0.08
NSd/NRd 0.00


5.1. Weldsize endplate/column

data
fu 360.00 MPa
beta 0.80
a 4.00 mm
L 0.00 mm
D 97.22 kN
N 0.26 kN
M 0.00 kNm
sigma,1 0.12 MPa
tau,1 0.12 MPa
tau,2 64.64 MPa


SCIA Software

399
2.14 PST.07.02 - 05 : Frame pinned connection (Angles) with column minor axis

Description

Project data
See input file.

Reference

ENV 1993-1-1:1992
Revised Annex J
ENV 19+93-1-1/pr A2


Result

Manual calculation EPW
F
Punching,Rd,l1,ind
331.8 kN 331.87 kN
F
Punching,Rd,l1,group
402.8 kN 402.75 kN
F
Punching,Rd,l2
185.5 kN 185.53 kN
F
Comb,Rd,ind
105.8 kN 105.81 kN
F
Comb,Rd,group
123.6 kN 123.69 kN


Version

PST070205.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
NEM - CVL

Manual calculation
The following connection is composed with a angle attached respectively on the web beam and the web column through
2 bolt rows. The angle, symmetrically bind around the beam flange, is composed of the profile L70/70/5. The angle is
made of steel with following properties: S235 and is characterised by properties described in the EPW results


SCIA Software

400
document. The present document assumes that all the tensions, the stresses and the most dangerous combination
computed by EPW are right.

th
. The
available.

AB
IPE240
Section AB
HEA180
2
5
2
7


SCIA Software

401
70
1
8
8
35
1
4
1
6
0
2 x M-12 (DIN601)
70
1
8
8

188
7
0
14 160
3
5
2 x M-12 (DIN601)
188
7
0



The connection is submitted to tension. The bolt will transmit the forces through the column web.

Individual bolt row
mm 95 . 19
2
19 9 . 20
2
dm e
d
m
=
+
=
+
=
mm 95 . 17 d 9 . 0 c
m
= =
mm 2 . 76 x 2 t mm 70 2 b
2 wbeam 0
= + =
mm 15 . 94 d 9 . 0 b b
m 0 indivi
= + =


SCIA Software

402
( )
kN 8 . 331 n
3
f t c b 2
n F
boltrow
0 M
y wc
boltrow
individual , 1 L
Rd , Punching
=

+
=
Bolt pattern group

mm 2 . 76 d 9 . 0 b b
m 0 group
= + =
mm 160 y y h c
2 1 angle 0
= =
mm 95 . 177 d 9 . 0 c c
m 0 groupe
= + =
( )
kN 75 . 402
3
f t c b 2
F
0 M
y wc
group , Rd , Punching
1 L
=

+
=


n=2 bolts row*n
bolt row
=4
kN 5 . 185
3
f t d n
F
0 M
y wc m
individual , Rd , Punching
=

=
kN 5 . 185
3
f t d n
F
0 M
y wc m
group , Rd , Punching
=

=


Individual bolt row

mm 152 t h d
fc c
= =
mm 5 . 129
4
r 3
2 d L = =
mm 3 . 35 b L a
individual individual
= =

1 k 5 . 0
L
c b
indi
indi indi
= >
+

0 mm 1 . 7 5
L t
c
8 . 2 1 1
c
t
82 . 0 1 L b
2
wc
2
indi
2
indi
2
wc
indi , m
> =
|
|
|
\
|
+ + =

mm 3 . 9
b L
b b
L
t
L
c
23 . 0
L
t
L x
indi , m
indi , m indi
3
1
wc indi
3
2
wc
indi , 0
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=

( ) [ ] b b if mm 3 . 8 c 4 x a L
2
t 3
c a 5 .. 1 a a x
m indi indi , 0 indi
wc
indi indi
2
indi indi indi
> = + +
+ + =

( )
( )
kN 8 . 105 n
1
x a t 3
x x c 5 . 1
x a
c 2 x a L
f t k F
boltrow
0 M
indi indi wc
2
indi indi indi
indi indi
indi indi indi
y
2
wc indi Rd , Comb
=
+
+
+
+
+ +
=

Bolt pattern group

mm 3 . 35 b L a
group
= =

1 k 5 . 0
L
c b
group group
= >
+


SCIA Software

403
112.8mm
L t
c
8 . 2 1 1
c
t
82 . 0 1 L b
2
wc
2
group
2
2
wc
group , m
=
|
|
|
\
|
+ + =

mm 4 . 35
b L
b b
L
t
L
c
23 . 0
L
t
L x
group , m
group , m group
3
1
wc
group
3
2
wc
group , 0
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=

group m, group group
b b 0 x < =
( )
( )
kN
x a t
x x c
x a
c x a L
f t k F
M group group wc
group group group
group group
group group group
y wc group group Rd Comb
6 . 123
1
3
5 . 1 2
0
2
2
, ,
=
+
+
+
+
+ +
=

Calculation note

Node 4 : frame pinned beam-to-column connection side AB

1. Input data

Column HEA180
h 171.00 mm
b 180.00 mm
tf 9.50 mm
tw 6.00 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

h 240.00 mm
b 120.00 mm
tf 9.80 mm
tw 6.20 mm
r 15.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Angle L70/70/5
number 2
h 188.00 mm
b 70.00 mm
t 5.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

type normal
grade 4.6
fu 400.00 MPa
As 84.50 mm^2
do 14.00 mm
S 19.00 mm
e 20.90 mm
h head 8.00 mm
h nut 10.00 mm


SCIA Software

404

Bolt position in beam
number of rows 2
number of columns 1
x1 35.00 mm
x2 35.00 mm
y1 14.00 mm
y2 14.00 mm

type normal
grade 4.6
fu 400.00 MPa
As 84.50 mm^2
do 14.00 mm
S 19.00 mm
e 20.90 mm
h head 8.00 mm
h nut 10.00 mm

number of rows 2
number of columns 1
x1 35.00 mm
x2 35.00 mm
y1 14.00 mm
y2 14.00 mm

Gamma M0 1.10
Gamma M1 1.25
Gamma Mb 1.25
Gamma Ms 1.25
Gamma Mw 1.25

Internal forces

N 0.38 kN
Vz 23.74 kN
My -0.00 kNm

Warning : Bending moment is present !


data
sigmaN 0.20 MPa
A 1880.00 mm^2
VRd 231.88 kN


data
Av 1912.76 mm^2
Av,net 1739.16 mm^2
VRd 235.93 kN


SCIA Software

405

Bolt resistance
e1 14.00 mm
p1 160.00 mm
alfa,el 0.33
alfa,bw 0.33
Fb,el,Rd 28.80 kN
Fb,bw,Rd 17.86 kN
Fv,Rd 16.22 kN

data
a 35.00 mm
b 94.00 mm
d 80.00 mm
c 0.00 mm
Ip 12800.00 mm^2
VRd 32.72 kN


data
k 0.50
a1 39.00 mm
a2 25.00 mm
a3 41.00 mm
L1 39.00 mm
L2 27.57 mm
L3 240.00 mm
Lv 160.00 mm
Lv,eff 226.57 mm
Av,eff 1404.76 mm^2
VRd 173.27 kN


Bolt resistance
e1 14.00 mm
p1 160.00 mm
alfa,el 0.33
alfa,cf 0.33
Fb,el,Rd 14.40 kN
Fb,cf,Rd 17.28 kN
Fv,Rd 16.22 kN
Ft,Rd 24.34 kN

data
hd 18.00 mm
bd 1.69 mm
sigma,d 201.63 MPa
a 35.00 mm
Ipd 29870.50 mm^2
zk 165.50 mm
xj 35.00 mm
K 1.28e-003 1/mm
A 5.00e-001
B 2.11e-001
VRd 53.06 kN




SCIA Software

406

data
A 1880.00 mm^2
A,net 1600.00 mm^2
NRd 401.64 kN


data
A 3910.00 mm^2
A,net 3736.40 mm^2
NRd 835.32 kN

3.3.1. Column web in tension

NRd individual bolt row local punching
# bolt row 2
dm 19.95 mm
b0 76.20 mm
b ind 94.15 mm
c ind 17.95 mm
FPunch,Rd,ind, L1 331.87 kN
FPunch,Rd,ind, L2 185.53 kN
FPunch,Rd,ind 185.53 kN

NRd Bolt group local punching
# bolt row 2
b0 76.20 mm
b gr 94.15 mm
c0 gr 160.00 mm
c gr 177.95 mm
FPunch,Rd,gr,L1 402.75 kN
FPunch,Rd,gr,L2 185.53 kN

FRd,Punch 185.53kN

NRd individual bolt row local combined
L 129.50 mm
bm ind 57.14 mm
x0 ind 9.30 mm
x ind 8.38 mm
a ind 35.35 mm
k ind 1.00
FCombRd,ind 105.81 kN

NRd Bolt group local combined
L 129.50 mm
bm gr 112.89 mm
x0 gr -35.43 mm
x gr 0.00 mm
a gr 35.35 mm
k gr 1.00
FCombRd,gr 123.69 kN

FRd,Punch 105.81kN


row p (p1+p2) e m n
1 160.00 35.00 32.50 35.00 14.00


SCIA Software

407
row p (p1+p2) e m n
2 160.00 35.00 32.50 35.00 14.00

1 130.10 100.88 188.00 94.00
2 130.10 100.88 188.00 94.00

NRd data
Ftg,el,Rd 30.90 kN


4. Unity checks

Unity checks
VSd/VRd 0.73
NSd/NRd 0.01



SCIA Software

408
2.15 PST 07 03 01: Hollow section joint design Annex K

Description
Benchmark for hollow section connection design following EC3 Annex K, Revised Annex KK and CIDECT design
Guide for circular hollow section (CHS) under predominantly static loading.

Project data
The project tested is a Warren truss consisting of circular hollow section. To limit the number of joints, a K-joint
configuration is chosen. The following dimension are assumed:

Span: 36m
Depth: 2,4m
Purlins: 6m
K angle: 38.66

The load P=108kN including the weight of the truss is applied in each node and a pin-jointed analysis is performed.

Reference
CIDECT Design guide for circular hollow section (CHS) joints under predominantly static loading
J. Wardenier, Y. Kurobane, J.A. Packer, D.Dutta, N. Yeomans
Verlag TUV Rheinland
Work example p.46

See the chapter "Manual calculation" for the calculation according to this reference.

Result

CIDECT EPW Manual
Unity Check 1.17 1.12 1.12

Version

PST070301.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)
Truss connections (PST.07.03)
219.1/7.1
139.7/4.5
88.9/3.6
193.7/6.3


SCIA Software

409

Author
NEM/CVL

Manual calculation

Calculation following CIDECT reference

Configuration of the node:

Connection combination: CC
Connection type: K joint
Calculation type: K joint (one bracing in compression and one bracing in tension)
Profile used: Chord: 219.1/7.1 Bracings: 139.7/4.5
88.9/3.6
Partial security factor:
M1
=1.1

Geometrical data:
521 . 0
d 2
d d
0
2 1
=
+
=
429 . 15
t 2
d
0
0
=
=
( )
mm 38 . 91
sin 2
d
sin 2
d
sin sin
sin
2
d
e g
2
2
1
1
2 1
2 1 0
=

+
|
|
\
|
+ = with e=0

Range of validity
1 405 . 0
d
d
2 . 0 and 1 63 . 0
d
d
2 . 0 : 1 Criterion
0
2
0
1
= =
25 34 . 12
t 2
d
and 25 52 . 15
t 2
d
: 2 Criterion
2
2
1
1
= =
= = 90 66 . 38 30 : 3 Criterion
1 1

25 42 . 15
t 2
d
: 4 Criterion
0
0
= =
25 . 0 0
d
e
0.55 - : 5 Criterion
0
=
mm 1 . 8 t t mm 38 . 91 g : 6 Criterion
2 1
= + =
2 2 y2 y1
mm
N
355
mm
N
275 f f : 8 Criterion = =

RANGE OF VALIDITY OK for calculation

Design of the joint

The function f(n) that appear in the chord plastification failure mode incorporates the chord prestress in the joint. The
prestress in the joint designs the load in the chord not necessary for the equilibrium of the bracing load components.

2
2
0
op
op
mm
N
38 . 71
mm 4728
N 337500
A
N
f =
= = pinned joint -> no moment in the connection


SCIA Software

410
201 . 0
mm
N
355
mm
N
38 . 71
f
f
' n
2
2
0 y
op
=
= =
( ) 927 . 0 ' n 3 . 0 ' n 3 . 0 1 ' n f
2
= + =
( ) 735 . 1
1 e
024 . 0
1 ' g , f
33 . 1 ' g 5 . 0
2 . 1
2 . 0
=
|
|
\
|
+

+ =

with 87 . 12
t
g
' g
0
= =
Joint strength:

Chord Plastification
( ) ( ) ( ) N 13 . 382843
1 . 1
' n f ' g , f 2 . 10 8 . 1
sin
t f
N
1
M 1
2
0 yo
Rd , 1
=
=
N 13 . 382843
sin
sin
N N
2
1
Rd , 1 Rd , 2
=
=

13 . 382843
432210
N
N
Rd
max Sd
> = =

Punching shear
N 1329459
1 . 1
sin 2
sin 1
t d
3
f
N
1
M
2
0 1
0 y
Rd , 1
=

+

=
N 846019
1 . 1
sin 2
sin 1
t d
3
f
N
1
M
2
0 2
0 y
Rd , 2
=

+

=
Weldsize calculation

Following EC3 a
1
=a
2
0.87t
1
=4mm

Calculation note

Node 14: Welded truss connection

1. Input data

Chord: Member 12 13 B219.1/7.1
d 219.00 mm
t 7.10 mm
fy 355.00 MPa
fu 510.00 MPa

Bracing: Member 24 B139.7/4.5
d 140.00 mm
t 4.50 mm
teta 38.66 deg
fy 275.00 MPa
fu 430.00 MPa

d 88.90 mm
t 3.60 mm
teta 38.66 deg
fy 275.00 MPa


SCIA Software

411
fu 430.00 MPa

2. General node data

Node characteristics
References CIDECT Design Guide CHS Fig.8&24
Standard configuration K Joint
Standard combination CC Type
Type of calculation K type
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mw 1.00

Geometrical data
beta 0.52
gamma 15.42
e 0.00 mm
gap (g) 90.54 mm

Range of Validity
0.2<di/d0<=1.0 OK
di/2ti<=25 OK
30<=tetai<=90 OK
gamma<=25 OK
-0.55<=e/d0<0.25 OK
g>=t1+t2 OK
fyi<= 355.00 MPa OK

3. Failure mode and results

Chord plastification
Nop -337.50 kN
fop -72.11 MPa
n' -0.20
g' 12.75
f(n') 0.93
f(gamma,g') 1.74
NRd,c Bracing 24 383.32 kN
NRd,t Bracing 25 383.32 kN
NSd,c Bracing 24 -432.21 kN
NSd,t Bracing 25 259.33 kN
Unity Check bracing 24 1.13

Punching shear
NSd bracing 24 -432.21 kN
NRd bracing 24 1332.32 kN
NSd bracing 25 259.33 kN

4. Weldsize CalculationEC3 Annex K.5

Weldsize bracing 24
alfa weld 0.80
a 4.00 mm


SCIA Software

412
Weldsize bracing 25
alfa weld 0.80
a 4.00 mm

Critical loadcase:2
Critical NRd: 383.32 kN
Unity Check 1.13 Chord plastification


SCIA Software

413

Description
Guide for rectangular hollow section (RHS) under predominantly static loading.

Project data
The project tested is a Warren truss consisting of rectangular hollow section. To limit the number of joints, a K-joint
configuration is chosen. The following dimension are assumed:

Span: 36m
Depth: 2,4m
Purlins: 6m
K angle: 38.66

We must note that the chord is composed with a square profile. The load P=108kN including the weight of the truss is
applied in each node between the support and the load P=54kN on each extremity. A pin-jointed analysis is performed.

Reference
CIDECT Design guide for rectangular hollow section (RHS) joints under predominantly static loading
Work example p.46


Result

CIDECT EPW Manual
Unity Check 0.74 0.73 0.73


Version

Input file
PST070302.epw

180/180/8
120/120/4
80/80/3.2
150/150/6.3


SCIA Software

414
Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
NEM - CVL

Manual calculation



Connection combination: RR square
Calculation type: K joint (one bracing in compression and one bracing in tension)
Profile used: Chord: 180/180/8 Bracings: 120/120/4
80/80/3.2
M1
=1.1

Geometrical data:
555 . 0
b 4
h h b b
0
2 1 2 1
=
+ + +
=
25 . 11
t 2
b
0
0
=
=
( )
mm 92 . 64
sin 2
h
sin 2
h
sin sin
sin
2
h
e g
2
2
1
1
2 1
2 1 0
=

+
|
|
\
|
+ = with e=0

Range of validity
3252 . 0
t
b
01 . 0 1 . 0 44 . 0
b
b
and 3252 . 0
t
b
01 . 0 1 . 0 66 . 0
b
b
: 1 Criterion
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
= + = = + =
35 22.5
t
b
5 1 : 2 Criterion
0
0
=
3 . 1 833 . 0
b 2
b b
.6 0 : 3 Criterion
1
2 1
=
+
=

( ) ( ) mm 1 . 7 t t 64.92mm g and 66 . 0 1 5 . 1 36 . 0
b
g
22 . 0 - 1 0.5 : 4 Criterion
2 1
0
= + = = = =
25 . 0 0
d
e
0.55 - : 5 Criterion
0
=
= = 90 66 . 38 30 : 6 Criterion
1 1

8 . 0 696 . 0
f
f
8 . 0 696 . 0
f
f

mm
N
355
mm
N
355 f f : 7 Criterion
u2
y2
u1
y1
2 2 y2 y1
=
=
= =


SCIA Software

415
in tension member 35 25
t
b

n compressio in member 4 . 30
f
E
25 . 1 30
t
b
: 8 Criterion
2
2
1 y 1
1
=
= =


Design of the joint

The function f(n) that appear in the chord yielding face incorporates the effect of the maximum aplied axial stress in the
chord or the maximum stress due to axial force and bending moment.

2
2
0
o
o
mm
N
199 . 162
mm 5410
N 877500
A
N
f =
= = pinned joint -> no moment in the connection

456 . 0
mm
N
355
mm
N
199 . 162
f
f
n
2
2
0 y
o
=
= =
( ) 97 . 0 n
4 . 0
3 . 1 n f =
+ =

Joint strength:

Chord face yielding
( ) N 76 . 585064
1 . 1
n f
b 2
b b
sin
t f 9 . 8
N
1
M
2
1
0
2 1
1
2
0 yo
Rd , 1
=

|
|
\
|

=
N 76 . 585064
sin
sin
N N
2
1
Rd , 1 Rd , 2
=
=

585064
432210
N
N
Rd
max Sd
< = =

Weldsize calculation

Following EC3 a
1
1.01t
1
=5mm
a
2
1.01t
2
=4mm

Calculation note


1. Input data

Chord: Member 12 13 SC180/180/8
h (in plane) 180.00 mm
b (out plane) 180.00 mm
t 8.00 mm
fy 355.00 MPa
fu 510.00 MPa


SCIA Software

416

Bracing: Member 24 SC120/120/4
t 4.00 mm
teta 38.66 deg
fy 355.00 MPa
fu 510.00 MPa

Bracing: Member 25 SC80/80/3.2
t 3.20 mm
teta 38.66 deg
fy 355.00 MPa
fu 510.00 MPa


References Cidect Design Guide RHS Table 2&2a
Standard combination RR Type
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mw 1.00

Geometrical data
beta 0.56
gamma 11.25
e 0.00 mm
gap (g) 64.92 mm

Range of Validity
hi/b0&bi/b0>=0.1+0.01b0/t0 & beta>=0.35 OK
15<=b0/t0<=35 OK
0.6<=b1+b2/2b1<=1.3 OK
0.5(1-Beta)<=g/t0<=1.5(1-Beta) g>=t1+t2 OK
-0.55<=e/h0<=0.25 OK
30<=tetai<=90 OK
fyi<= 355.00 MPa fyi(orfyj)/fui<=0.8 OK
bc/tc&hc/tc<=1.25sqrt(E/fyc) and bc/tc&hc/tc<=35 OK
bt/tt&ht/tt<=35 OK


Chord face plastification
fo -159.55 MPa
n -0.45
f(n) 0.98
gamma 11.25
NRd,c Bracing 24 588.94 kN
NRd,t Bracing 25 588.94 kN
NSd,c Bracing 24 -432.21 kN
NSd,t Bracing 25 259.33 kN



SCIA Software

417
Weldsize bracing 24
alfa weld 0.80
a 4.00 mm

Weldsize bracing 25
alfa weld 0.80
a 4.00 mm

Critical loadcase:1
Unity Check0.73 Chord face plastification


SCIA Software

418

Description

Reference


Result

EPW Manual
Unity Check 0.97 0.97


Version

PST070303.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
NEM - CVL

Manual calculation



Connection type: X joint
Calculation type: X joint
Profile used: Chord: 150/75/5 Bracings: 110/70/3
110/70/3
M1
=1.1

Geometrical data:
933 . 0
b
b
0
1
= =


SCIA Software

419
5 . 7
t 2
b
0
0
=
=
Range of validity
25 . 0 866 . 1
b
h
and 25 . 0 93 . 0
b
b
: 1 Criterion
0
2 , 1
0
2 , 1
= =
2 2
b
h
.5 0 : 2 Criterion
1,2
1,2
=
35 30
t
h
and 35 15
t
b
: 3 Criterion
0
0
0
0
= =

= 90 40 30 : 6 Criterion
1

8 . 0 652 . 0
f
f
8 . 0 652 . 0
f
f

mm
N
355
mm
N
u2
y2
u1
y1
2 2 y2 y1
=
=
= =

in tension member 35 33 , 23
t
b

n compressio in member 35 35 ; 36 . 37
f
E
25 . 1 min 33 , 23
t
b
: 8 Criterion
2
2
1 y 1
1
=
=
|
|
\
|
= =


Design of the joint

The function f(n) that appear in the chord yielding face incorporates the effect of the maximum applied axial stress in
the chord or the maximum stress due to axial force and bending moment.

2
0
0
o
oup
mm
N
19 . 120
W
M
A
N
f = + = in upper fiber and
2
0
0
o
obot
mm
N
19 . 120
W
M
A
N
f = + = in bottom fiber
56 . 0
mm
N
235
mm
N
19 . 120
f
f
n
2
2
0 y
oup
up
=
= = and 51 . 0
mm
N
235
mm
N
19 . 120
f
f
n
2
2
0 y
obot
bot
=
= =
( ) 1 08 . 1 n
4 . 0
3 . 1 n f
up
=
+ = and ( ) 1 n f
bot
=

Joint strength:

Chord face yielding with =0.85 =h
1
/b
0
=1.866
( )
( ) ( ) N 29 . 448
1 . 1
n f 1 4
sin
2
sin 1
t f
N
1
M
5 . 0
1 1
2
0 yo
Rd , 2 & 1
=

|
|
\
|
+
=
Chord Side Wall Failure (=1)
sin
1
2
t
h
46 . 3
5 . 0
1 0
0
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=


SCIA Software

420
Euler slenderness: 91 . 93
f
E
0 y
1
= =
Reduced slenderness: 286 . 1
1
red
=
=
Reduction factor:
( )
478 . 0
1
5 . 0
2 2
=
+
= with
( ) ( ) = + + =
2
2 . 0 1 5 . 0
and 21 . 0 =
Buckling stress: 219 . 102
1
f f
1 M
0 y nk
=
=
Member in compression: connection X for 2.56 5 f sin 8 . 0 f
nk 1 k
= =

N 55 . 198
1 . 1
t 10
sin
h 2
sin
t f
N
1
M
0
1
1
1
0 k
Rd , 2 & 1
=
|
|
\
|
+
=

Interpolation with 1 933 . 0 85 . 0 = between chord face yielding and side wall failure
N 82 . 312 N
erpol ,int Rd
=

55 . 198
280
N
N
Rd
max Sd
< = =

Effective width
( ) 65 . 287
1 . 1
b 2 t 4 h 2 t f N
1 M
e 1 1 1 1 y Rd 2 , 1
=
+ =
with 70 77 . 77 b
t f
t f
t
b
10
b
1
1 1 y
0 0 y
0
0
e
=
=
280
65 . 287
N
N
Rd
max Sd
< = =

Calculation note


1. Input data

Chord: Member 1 2 AC150/75/5
t 5.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

Bracing: Member 3 AC140/70/3
t 3.00 mm
teta 40.00 deg
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa


SCIA Software

421

t 3.00 mm
teta 40.00 deg
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa


Standard configuration X Joint
Type of calculation X type
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mw 0.00

Geometrical data
beta 0.93
gamma 7.50

Range of Validity
bi/b0&hi/b0>=0.25 OK
0.5<=hi/bi<=2 OK
b0/t0&h0/t0<=35 OK
30<=tetai<=90 OK
bc/tc&hc/tc<=1.25sqrt(E/fyc) and bc/tc&hc/tc<=35 Not OK
bt/tt&ht/tt<=35 OK


Interpol. of chord face yielding and side wall failure
eta bracing 3 1.87
fo bracing 3 -120.19 MPa
n bracing 3 -0.51
f(n) bracing 3 1.00
eta bracing 4 1.87
fo bracing 4 -120.19 MPa
n bracing 4 -0.51
f(n) bracing 4 1.00
NRd f.yield (Beta=0.85) bracing 3 448.29 kN
NRd f.yield (Beta=0.85) bracing 4 448.29 kN
slenderness 120.84
reduced slenderness 1.29
imperfection factor 0.21
reduction factor 0.48
fkn 102.09 MPa
fk 52.50 MPa
NRd SideWall bracing 3 198.30 kN
NRd SideWall bracing 4 198.30 kN
NRd interpol bracing 3 309.41 kN
NRd interpol bracing 4 309.41 kN


SCIA Software

422
Effective width
be bracing 3 70.00 mm
be bracing 4 70.00 mm


Weldsize bracing 3
d1 Galvanisation hole out plane 0.00 mm
d3 Galvanisation hole in plane 0.00 mm
Weld factor 1.00
Betaw 0.80
sigma1, weld 0.00 MPa
tau1, weld 0.00 MPa
tau2, weld 0.00 MPa
Unity check (Von Mises) 10.00
Unity Check (sigma1) 10.00
a 0.00 mm

Weldsize bracing 4
Weld factor 1.00
Betaw 0.80
tau1, weld 0.00 MPa
tau2, weld 0.00 MPa
a 0.00 mm

Critical loadcase:1
Unity Check0.97 Effective width


SCIA Software

423

Description

Reference


Result

EPW Manual
Unity Check 0.91 0.908


Version

PST070304.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
NEM - CVL

Manual calculation



Calculation type: K joint
Profile used: Chord: 150/75/5 Bracings: 110/70/3 (40)
110/70/3 (70)
M1
=1.1

Geometrical data:
3 . 1
b 4
h h b b
0
2 1 2 1
=
+ + +
=


SCIA Software

424
5 . 7
t 2
b
0
0
=
=
Range of validity
25 . 0
t
b
01 . 0 1 . 0 46 . 1 / 86 . 1
b
h
25 . 0
t
b
01 . 0 1 . 0 93 . 0
b
b

35 . 0 46 . 1
b
h
and 35 . 0 86 . 1
b
h
35 . 0 93 . 0
b
b
: 1 Criterion
0
0
0
2 , 1
0
0
0
2 , 1
0
2
0
1
0
2 , 1
= + = = + =
= = =

2 57 . 1
b
h
.5 0 2 2
b
h
.5 0 : 2 Criterion
2
2
1
1
= =
35 30
t
h
and 35 15
t
b
: 3 Criterion
0
0
0
0
= =
( ) ( ) OK Not 1 5 . 1
b
g
- 1 0.5
OK Not 6 t t 7 . 3 g : 4 Criterion
0
2 1

= + =

25 . 0 23 . 0
h
e
0.55 : 5 Criterion
0
=
= = 90 70 30 90 40 30 : 6 Criterion
2 1

8 . 0 652 . 0
f
f
8 . 0 652 . 0
f
f

mm
N
355
mm
N
u2
y2
u1
y1
2 2 y2 y1
=
=
= =

in tension member 35 33 , 23
t
b

n compressio in member 35 35 ; 36 . 37
f
E
25 . 1 min 33 , 23
t
b
: 8 Criterion
2
2
1 y 1
1
=
=
|
|
\
|
= =

RANGE OF VALIDITY Not OK

Design of the joint

The function f(n) that appear in the chord yielding face incorporates the effect of the maximum applied axial stress in
the chord or the maximum stress due to axial force and bending moment.

2
0
0
o
o
mm
N
76 . 720
W
M
A
N
f = + =
06 . 3
mm
N
235
mm
N
76 . 720
f
f
n
2
2
0 y
o
= = =
( ) 1 24 . 2 n
4 . 0
3 . 1 n f =
+ =

Joint strength:

Chord face yielding


SCIA Software

425
( )
( )
kN 1 . 198
sin
sin
N N
kN 603 . 289
1 . 1
n f
b 4
h h b b
sin 1
t f
9 . 8 N
2
1
Rd , 1 Rd , 2
M
5 . 0
0
2 1 2 1
1
2
0 yo
Rd , 1
1
=
=
=

|
|
\
|
+ + +
=

Chord Shear
Reduced Area: ( ) 76 . 0
t 3
g 4
1
1
th wi 1785.09mm t b h 2 A
5 . 0
2
0
2
2
0 0 0 v
=
|
|
|
|
|
\
|
+
= = + =
Plastic Shear: kN 2 , 242
3
A f
V
v 0 y
pl
=
=
kN 74 . 257
1 . 1
sin 3
A f
N and kN 796 . 376
1 . 1
sin 3
A f
N
1 1
M
2
v 0 y
Rd 2
M
1
v 0 y
Rd 1
=
= =
=
( ) kN 44 . 369
V
V
1 f A f A A N
5 . 0
2
pl
Sd
0 y v 0 y v 0 ) Gap In ( Rd , 0
=
|
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+ =

Effective width
( )
( )
mm 70 b mm 77 , 70 b
t f
t f
t
b
10
b with
kN 34 . 245 b b t 4 h 2 t f N
kN 64 . 287 b b t 4 h 2 t f N
1 1
1 1 y
0 0 y
0
0
2 & e1
e 2 2 2 2 2 y Rd 1
e 1 1 1 1 1 y Rd 1
= =
=
= + + =
= + + =

1 . 198
180
N
N
ieldingRd ChordFaceY
max Sd
< = =

Effective width
( ) 65 . 287
1 . 1
b 2 t 4 h 2 t f N
1 M
e 1 1 1 1 y Rd 2 , 1
=
+ =
with 70 77 . 77 b
t f
t f
t
b
10
b
1
1 1 y
0 0 y
0
0
e
=
=
280
65 . 287
N
N
Rd
max Sd
< = =

Calculation note


1. Input data

Chord: Member 1 2 AC150/75/5
t 5.00 mm
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa


SCIA Software

426

t 3.00 mm
teta 40.00 deg
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa

t 3.00 mm
teta 70.00 deg
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa


Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mw 0.00

Geometrical data
beta 1.30
gamma 7.50
e 0.00 mm
gap (g) -50.75 mm
p 117.06 mm
q 50.75 mm
overlap Ov(%) 43.35
Overlapping member 7
Overlapped member 3

Range of Validity
bi/b0&hi/h0 >=0.25 OK
0.5<=hi/bi<=2 OK
b0/t0&h0/t0<=40 OK
25%<=Ov<=100% ti/tj<=1.0 & bi/bj>=0.75 OK
-0.55<=e/h0<=0.25 OK
30<=tetai<=90 OK
bc/tc&hc/tc<=1.1sqrt(E/fyc) Not OK
bt/tt&ht/tt<=35 Not OK


Effective width
Overlap Ov(%) 43.35
be1 70.00 mm
be2 70.00 mm
be(Ov) 30.00 mm
NSd bracing 7 180.00 kN


SCIA Software

427
Effective width


Weldsize bracing 3
Weld factor 1.00
Betaw 0.80
tau1, weld 0.00 MPa
tau2, weld 0.00 MPa
a 0.00 mm

Weldsize bracing 7
Weld factor 1.00
Betaw 0.80
tau1, weld 0.00 MPa
tau2, weld 0.00 MPa
a 0.00 mm

Critical loadcase:1
Unity Check0.91 Effective width


SCIA Software

428
2.19 PST.07.03 -5: KLS Truss connection: weldsize calculation

Description
Control of weld size in connection composed with special Voest KLS profiles according to Voest specifications. The
node controlled has the index 2. Only members 1,2 and 32 are activated to form a Y-connection.

Project data
See input file.

Reference
See the chapter "Manual calculation" for the calculation according to the Voest specifications.

Result

Manual calculation EPW
1
61.6 N/mm 61.28 N/mm
1
189.4 N/mm 188.63 N/mm
unity check 0.97 0.97 kN
unity check 0.22 0.21 kN


Version

Input file
PST070305.epw

Modules
2D Frame (PRS.01)

Author
NEM - CVL

Manual calculation
The chord is composed with a K180/100/10 profile and the bracing is composed by a KLS70/70/5 profile. Properties of
those profiles are listed in the results document of EPW. The frame type following CIDECT documentation is a Y-type
RHS-KLS joint. The angle between the chord and the bracing is 26,57.

kN 168 . 196 57 . 26 sin 57 . 438 sin N T
kN 57 . 392 57 . 26 cos 57 . 438 cos N V
= = =
= = =


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429

( ) mm v v B N
mm v
B
D
mm B C
mm
B
E
mm E B N
mm v B B
v
mm RA B B
8 . 225 3 5 . 0 1 2
5 . 87 3
2
1
2
7 . 53 1
2
3
1
13 . 69
2
2
2
4 . 207 2 2 1
26 . 138 * 1 2
23 . 2
sin
1
62 8 70 1
= + + =
= + =
= =
= =
= + =
= =
= =
= = =

To determine the weld size a in the connection, we use a iterative process with a as parameter until the Von Mises rules
is respected (Ref[1],Annex M/EC3). This benchmark controls only the optimal value found by the iterative process. With a
weldsize a=10 mm, we have:


SCIA Software

430
/ 6 . 61
2
1
2
2 1
mm N
a N
T
=
|
\
|
= =
/ 4 . 189
1
1
mm N
a N
V
=
=

( )
1 22 . 0 and 1 97 . 0
3
w
2 1 1
M
1
2 2 2
= =
+ +

u
M w
u
f f
w

with
w
=0.8

Calculation note


1. Input data

Chord: Member 1 2 K180/100/10
t 10.00 mm
fy 355.00 MPa
fu 510.00 MPa

Bracing: Member 32 KLS70/70/5
B 70.00 mm
B1 62.00 mm
RA 8.00 mm
t 5.00 mm
teta 26.57 deg
fy 235.00 MPa
fu 360.00 MPa


Standard configuration Y Joint
Standard combination RHS-KLS Type
Type of calculation Only weld size
Gamma M1 1.10
Gamma Mw 1.25

No range of validity and failure calculation

3. Geometry and internal forces of bracings

N 438.57 kN
V 392.27 kN
T 196.13 kN
v 2.24
B2 138.64 mm
E2 69.32 mm
N1 207.95 mm
C1 53.69 mm
D2 87.68 mm


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N2 226.32 mm

4. Weldsize CalculationEC3 Annex K.5 : Default weldsize and Optimisation

Weldsize bracing 32: a=0.7.t
Weld factor 1.00
Betaw 0.80
tau1, weld 471.58 MPa
a 4.00 mm

Weldsize bracing 32 Optimisation
Weld factor 1.00
Betaw 0.80
a 10.00 mm

Critical Member32
Critical loadcase:1
Unity check2.42


SCIA Software

432
2.20 PST.07.04 01 : Bolted diagonal connections

Description
Bolted diagonal connections are calculated manually. The results are compared with the results of ESA-Prima Win.

Project data

Reference

ENV 1993-1-1:1992
Revised Annex J
ENV 19+93-1-1/pr A2


Result

Manually
[kN]
EPW
[kN]
Node 12 Npl,Rd (diagonal) 479 480
Nu,Rd (diagonal) 282 282
Fv,Rd 60.28 60.28
Fb,Rd (diagonal) 68.8 68.8
Npl,Rd (plate) 320 320
Nu,Rd (plate) 342 342
Fb,Rd (plate) 69.12 69.12
Node 10 Nu,Rd (diagonal) 238.74 239.42
Fb,Rd (diagonal) 67.52 67.52
Fb,Rd (plate) 56.44 56.53
Node 8 Fp,Cd 109.9 109.9
Fs,Rd 26.4 26.4
Node 4 Npl,Rd (diagonal) 725 725
Nu,Rd (diagonal) 629.5 629
Node 2 Nu,Rd (diagonal) 639.7 639


Version
3.20

Input file
PST070401.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)
Bolted Diagonal Connection (PST.07.04)


SCIA Software

433
Author
CVL

Manual calculation

Partial safety factors :
M0
= 1.10
M2
= 1.25
Mb
= 1.25

Node 12

Diagonal element :
H100/100/10
fy = 275 N/mm
fu = 430 N/mm
A = 1915 mm

The design plastic resistance for the angle section is kN 479
1 . 1
275 1915
Af
N
0 M
y
Rd , pl
=
=

Bolts :
M16 - 8.8
d = 16 mm
d0 = 18 mm
fub = 800 N/mm
A = 157 mm
e2 = 50 mm
e1 = 27 mm

The design ultimate resistance of the net section for angle diagonal with 1 bolt :

( ) ( )
kN 282
25 . 1
10 18 5 . 0 50 0 . 2 tf d 5 . 0 e 0 . 2
N
2 M
u o 2
Rd , u
=

=
=

The shear resistance per shear plane and per bolt is

kN 28 . 60
25 . 1
157 800 6 . 0
0 . 1
A f 6 . 0
F
Mb
s ub
Lf Rd . v
=

=
=

The bearing resistance (in the angle section) is


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434
50 . 0
18 3
27
) 0 . 1 ,
f
f
,
4
1
d 3
p
,
d 3
e
min(
kN 8 . 68
25 . 1
10 16 430 50 . 0 5 . 2 dt f 5 . 2
F
u
ub
0
1
0
1
Mb
u
Rd . b
=
= =
=

=
=

For single lap joints with one bolt, Fb,Rd is limited by
kN 56 . 82
25 . 1
10 16 430 5 . 1 dt f 5 . 1
F
Mb
u
Rd . b
=

=
=

Fb,Rd = 68.8 kN

Gusset element :

b= 150 mm
t = 10 mm
e1=40 mm

The design plastic resistance for the plate is kN 320
1 . 1
235 1500
Af
N
0 M
y
Rd , pl
=
=

The design ultimate resistance of the net section is

kN 342
25 . 1
360 ) 10 * 18 1500 ( 9 . 0 f A 9 . 0
N
2 M
u net
Rd , u
=

=
=

The bearing resistance (in the plate) is

741 . 0
18 3
40
) 0 . 1 ,
f
f
,
4
1
d 3
p
,
d 3
e
min(
kN 33 . 85
25 . 1
10 16 360 741 . 0 5 . 2 dt f 5 . 2
F
u
ub
0
1
0
1
Mb
u
Rd . b
=
= =
=

=
=

For single lap joints with one bolt, Fb,Rd is limited by
kN 12 . 69
25 . 1
10 16 360 5 . 1 dt f 5 . 1
F
Mb
u
Rd . b
=

=
=

Fb,Rd = 69.12 kN

Node 10

Identical characteristics as in node 12, but with 2 bolts per row, p=40 mm

The design ultimate resistance of the net section for angle diagonal with 2 bolts :


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435
kN 74 . 238
25 . 1
430 ) 10 * 18 1915 ( 40 . 0 f A
N
2 M
u net 2
Rd , u
=

=
=

There p < 2.5 d0 ( 40 < 45 ), 2 = 0.4

The bearing resistance (in the angle section) is

49 . 0 ) 49 . 0 , 5 . 0 min( ) 25 . 0
18 3
40
,
18 3
27
min( ) 0 . 1 ,
f
f
,
4
1
d 3
p
,
d 3
e
min(
kN 52 . 67
25 . 1
10 16 430 49 . 0 5 . 2 dt f 5 . 2
F
u
ub
0
1
0
1
Mb
u
Rd . b
= =

= =
=

=
=

The bearing resistance (in the plate) is

49 . 0 ) 25 . 0
18 3
40
,
18 3
40
min( ) 0 . 1 ,
f
f
,
4
1
d 3
p
,
d 3
e
min(
kN 448 . 56
25 . 1
10 16 360 49 . 0 5 . 2 dt f 5 . 2
F
u
ub
0
1
0
1
Mb
u
Rd . b
=

= =
=

=
=

Node 8

Identical characteristics as in node 12, but with prestressed bolt M16-10.9

kN 9 . 109 157 1000 7 . 0 A f 7 . 0 F
s ub Cd , p
= = =
kN 37 . 26 9 . 109
25 . 1
3 . 0 1 1
F
n k
F
Cd , p
Ms
s
Rd , s
=

=

=

Node 4

Diagonal element UPE200
fy = 275 N/mm
fu = 430 N/mm
A = 2900 mm

The design plastic resistance for the channel section is kN 725
1 . 1
275 2900
Af
N
0 M
y
Rd , pl
=
=

Bolts :
M16 - 8.8
d = 16 mm
d0 = 18 mm
fub = 800 N/mm
A = 157 mm
e1 = 27 mm
2 bolts in the web of the channel, w=100 mm

The design ultimate resistance of the net section for channel diagonal :


SCIA Software

436
644 . 0
1628 984 3
984 3
A A 3
A 3
mm 2033 1628 644 . 0 984 A A A
kN 5 . 629
25 . 1
430 2033 9 . 0 f A 9 . 0
N
2 1
1
2 1 n
2 M
u n
Rd , u
=
+
=
+
=
= + = + =
=

=
=

A1 = 200 x 6 - 2 x 18 x 6 = 984 mm
A2 = 2 ( 74 x 11) = 1628 mm

Node 2

Identical characteristics as in node 12, but with 2 bolts per row (p=80 mm), staggered position (s=40 mm)

The design ultimate resistance of the net section for channel diagonal :

65 . 0
1628 1008 3
1008 3
A A 3
A 3
mm 2066 1628 65 . 0 1008 A A A
kN 75 . 639
25 . 1
430 2033 9 . 0 f A 9 . 0
N
2 1
1
2 1 n
2 M
u n
Rd , u
=
+
=
+
=
= + = + =
=

=
=

mm 1008
100 4
40
18 18 50 100 50 6
p 4
s
d d e p e t A
2
0 0 2 2 2 1
= |
\
|
+ + + =
|
|
\
|
+ + + =

A2 = 2 ( 74 x 11) = 1628 mm

Calculation note

Bolted connection

Node: 12

Diagonal item: H100/100/10

Equal legs connection
b 100mm
t 10mm
fy 275.000MPa
fu 430.000MPa
Non-Staggered bolt position
w 50mm
e1 27mm
p1 0mm

Gama M0 1.10


SCIA Software

437
Gama M2 1.25
Gama Mb 1.25
Gama Ms 1.25
Gama Mw 1.25

Gusset plate
b 150mm
t 10mm
fy 235.000MPa
fu 360.000MPa
e2 75mm
p2 0mm
e1 40mm

M16-8.8 (DIN960)
Type Normal
Grade 8.8
fu 800.000MPa
As 157mm^2
d0 18mm
S 24mm
e 27mm
h head 10mm
h nut 13mm
Total number of bolts 1
Number of bolt rows 1

Internal forces
Group of load case(s) : 1
N1 100.000kN

Member resistance

Resistance of the gross section of diagonal1
A 1920mm^2
Npl,Rd 480.000kN

Resistance of the net section of diagonal1
Anet 820mm^2
Nu,Rd 282.080kN

Resistance of the gross section of gusset
A 1500mm^2
Npl,Rd 320.455kN


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438

Resistance of the net section of gusset
Anet 1320mm^2
Nu,Rd 342.144kN

Connection resistance

Shear resistance
Lj 0mm
Beta Lf 1.000
Fv,Rd 60.288kN

Bearing resistance for diagonal
Alfa 0.500
Fb,Rd 68.800kN

Bearing resistance for gusset
Alfa 0.741
Fb,Rd 69.120kN

The design shear force per bolt
Fv,Sd,diagonal1 100.000kN

Unity check

Member resistance 0.35
Connection resistance 1.66

The connection satisfies !

Weld size calculation for gusset plate

a 5mm
La 58mm
NRd 60.288kN
Beta W 0.80
Fw,Rd 1039.230kN/m

Node: 10


b 100mm
t 10mm


SCIA Software

439
fy 275.000MPa
fu 430.000MPa
w 50mm
e1 27mm
p1 40mm

Gama M0 1.10
Gama M2 1.25
Gama Mb 1.25
Gama Ms 1.25
Gama Mw 1.25

Gusset plate
b 150mm
t 10mm
fy 235.000MPa
fu 360.000MPa
e2 75mm
p2 0mm
e1 40mm

M16-8.8 (DIN960)
Type Normal
Grade 8.8
fu 800.000MPa
As 157mm^2
d0 18mm
S 24mm
e 27mm
h head 10mm
h nut 13mm

Internal forces
1
N1 100.000kN

Member resistance

A 1920mm^2
Npl,Rd 480.000kN


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440

Anet 1740mm^2
Nu,Rd 239.424kN
Beta2 0.400

A 1500mm^2
Npl,Rd 320.455kN

Anet 1320mm^2
Nu,Rd 342.144kN


Shear resistance
Lj 40mm
Beta Lf 1.000
Fv,Rd 60.288kN

Alfa 0.491
Fb,Rd 67.526kN

Alfa 0.491
Fb,Rd 56.533kN


Unity check




a 5mm
La 109mm
NRd 113.067kN


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441
Beta W 0.80
Fw,Rd 1039.230kN/m

Node: 8


b 100mm
t 10mm
fy 275.000MPa
fu 430.000MPa
w 50mm
e1 27mm
p1 0mm

Gama M0 1.10
Gama M2 1.25
Gama Mb 1.25
Gama Ms 1.25
Gama Mw 1.25

Gusset plate
b 150mm
t 10mm
fy 235.000MPa
fu 360.000MPa
e2 75mm
p2 0mm
e1 40mm

M16-10.9 (DIN6914)
Type PreStressed
Grade 10.9
fu 1000.000MPa
As 157mm^2
d0 18mm
S 27mm
e 30mm
h head 10mm
h nut 13mm

Internal forces


SCIA Software

442
Internal forces
1
1
N1 100.000kN

Member resistance

A 1920mm^2
Npl,Rd 480.000kN

Anet 820mm^2
Nu,Rd 282.080kN

A 1500mm^2
Npl,Rd 320.455kN

Anet 1320mm^2
Nu,Rd 342.144kN


Shear resistance
Fp,Cd 109.900kN
ks 1.00
mi 0.30
n,diagonal1 1
Fs,Rd,diagonal1 26.376kN

Alfa 0.500
Fb,Rd 68.800kN

Alfa 0.741
Fb,Rd 69.120kN


Unity check


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443




a 5mm
La 25mm
NRd 26.376kN
Beta W 0.80
Fw,Rd 1039.230kN/m

Node: 4

Diagonal item: UPE200

Web connection
b 200mm
t 6mm
fy 275.000MPa
fu 430.000MPa
w 100mm
e1 27mm
p1 0mm

Gama M0 1.10
Gama M2 1.25
Gama Mb 1.25
Gama Ms 1.25
Gama Mw 1.25

Gusset plate
b 300mm
t 6mm
fy 235.000MPa
fu 360.000MPa
e2 100mm
p2 100mm
e1 40mm

M16-8.8 (DIN960)
Type Normal
Grade 8.8


SCIA Software

444
M16-8.8 (DIN960)
fu 800.000MPa
As 157mm^2
d0 18mm
S 24mm
e 27mm
h head 10mm
h nut 13mm

Internal forces
1
1
1
N1 100.000kN

Member resistance

A 2900mm^2
Npl,Rd 725.000kN

Anet 2033mm^2
A1 984mm^2
A2 1628mm^2
Zeta 0.645
Nu,Rd 629.514kN

A 1800mm^2
Npl,Rd 384.545kN

Anet 1584mm^2
Nu,Rd 410.573kN


Shear resistance
Lj 0mm
Beta Lf 1.000
Fv,Rd 60.288kN


SCIA Software

445
Alfa 0.500
Fb,Rd 41.280kN

Alfa 0.741
Fb,Rd 51.200kN


Unity check




a 3mm
La 132mm
NRd 82.560kN
Beta W 0.80
Fw,Rd 623.538kN/m

Node: 2

Diagonal item: UPE200

Web connection
b 200mm
t 6mm
fy 275.000MPa
fu 430.000MPa
Staggered bolt position
s 40mm
w 100mm
e1 27mm
p1 80mm

Gama M0 1.10
Gama M2 1.25
Gama Mb 1.25
Gama Ms 1.25
Gama Mw 1.25


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446

Gusset plate
b 160mm
t 6mm
fy 235.000MPa
fu 360.000MPa
e2 30mm
p2 100mm
e1 40mm

M16-8.8 (DIN960)
Type Normal
Grade 8.8
fu 800.000MPa
As 157mm^2
d0 18mm
S 24mm
e 27mm
h head 10mm
h nut 13mm

Internal forces
1
1
1
1
N1 100.000kN

Member resistance

A 2900mm^2
Npl,Rd 725.000kN

Anet 2066mm^2
A1 1008mm^2
A2 1628mm^2
Zeta 0.650
Nu,Rd 639.717kN

A 960mm^2
Npl,Rd 205.091kN


SCIA Software

447

Anet 768mm^2
Nu,Rd 199.066kN


Shear resistance
Lj 120mm
Beta Lf 1.000
Fv,Rd 60.288kN

Alfa 0.500
Fb,Rd 41.280kN

Alfa 0.741
Fb,Rd 51.200kN


Unity check




a 3mm
La 265mm
NRd 165.120kN
Beta W 0.80
Fw,Rd 623.538kN/m

4 x M16-8.8 (DIN960)
Channel: UPE200
80 4027
5
0
1
0
0
5
0


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448
First Diagonal, Node 2

Gusset: th. 6mm
4 x M16-8.8 (DIN960)
80 4040
3
0
1
0
0
3
0

Gusset plate Node 2

Whole connection Node 2


SCIA Software

449
3. TIMBER

3.1 PTR.06.01 01 : EC 5 Timber Code Check

Description
The unity checks in ULS and the deformation in SLS are compared with literature results.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

[1] Eurocode 5
Design of timber structures
ENV 1995-1-1:1993 E

[2] Informationsdienst Holz
Holzbau Handbuch
Reihe 2 - Tragwerksplanung
Eurocode 5 - Holzbauwerke
Bemessungsgrundlagen und Beispiele
1995

Result

Example 1.2.4. is considered.
Ref.[2] EPW
u
net,fin
- member 1 51 mm (1/207) 50.58 mm (1/209)
ULS unity check member 1 1.02 1.02


Version

PTR060101.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)
EC5 Timber code check (PTR.06.01)

Author
CVL

Calculation note


SCIA Software

450

Relative deformation on member(s) with creep. Member extreme
Values of kdef
Permanent : 0.60
Long term : 0.50
Medium term : 0.25
Short term : 0.00

Group of member(s) :1/3
Group of serviceability combi :1/2

memb cr.nr combi dx
[m]
ux
[mm]
uz
[mm]
fiy
[mrad]
1 1 2 5.278 -0.04
1/265242
-50.58
1/209
0.00
1 1 2 2.111 -0.03
1/414441
-30.05
1/351
2.93
1 1 2 8.445 -0.03
1/414441
-30.05
1/351
-2.93
2 1 2 5.278 -0.04
1/265241
-50.58|
1/209
-0.00
2 1 2 2.111 -0.03
1/414440
-30.05
1/351
2.93
2 1 2 8.445 -0.03
1/414442
-30.05
1/351
-2.93
3 2 2 12.209 -0.00 0.00 0.00

EUROCODE 5 - DESIGN OF TIMBER STRUCTURES, ENV 1995-1-1.
Tension paralel to the grain (5.1.2)
Compression paralel to the grain (5.1.4)
Bending (5.1.6a and 5.1.6b)
Shear (5.1.7.1)
Torsion (5.1.8)
Combined bending and axial tension (5.1.9a and 5.1.9b)
Combined bending and axial compression (5.1.10a and 5.1.10b)
Columns and beams (5.2.1e and 5.2.1f)
Detailed output, element extremes.

Macro :1 Member :1 L=10.556m CS : 1 - REC (160,550)
Material: BS14k
Service class : 1
gamma m =1.30 k m =0.70 (rectangle)
section=5.278m ult.combi=4 k mod = 0.90

Section check

N Vy Vz Mx My Mz
Design force -162.5[kN] 0.0[kN] 0.0[kN] 0.0[kNm] 137.8[kNm] 0.0[kNm]
Design stress -1.8[MPa] 0.0[MPa] 0.0[MPa] 0.0[MPa] 17.1[MPa] 0.0[MPa]
Limit stress 19.0[MPa] 1.9[MPa] 1.9[MPa] 1.9[MPa] 19.4[MPa] 19.4[MPa]
Unity check 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.00

Bending : 0.88 (5.1.6a)
Shear : 0.00 (5.1.7.1)
Compression + bending : 0.89 (5.1.10a)

Stability check

L0
m
k L
m
lam sigma krit
MPa
lam_rel beta c k
k crit
kc
Y 10.56 1.00 10.56 66.49 22.3 1.110 0.10 1.146 0.70
Z 10.56 0.33 3.44 74.51 17.8 1.244 0.10 1.311 0.58
LTBy 10.56 0.33 3.44 106.1 0.514 1.00
LTBz 10.56 0.33 3.44 4311.3 0.081 1.00

Compression (5.2.1) : 1.02 (5.2.1f)
Bending (5.2.2) : 1.02


SCIA Software

451
Maximal unity check = 1.02 The member does NOT satisfy the check !


SCIA Software

452

Description
The unity checks in ULS are compared with literature results.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

[1] Eurocode 5
ENV 1995-1-1:1993 E

[2] Informationsdienst Holz
Holzbau Handbuch
Reihe 2 - Tragwerksplanung
Eurocode 5 - Holzbauwerke
Bemessungsgrundlagen und Beispiele
1995

Result

Example 1.3 is considered.

Ref.[2] EPW


Version

PTR060102.epw

Type of calculation
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
CVL

Calculation note



SCIA Software

453
Shear (5.1.7.1)
Torsion (5.1.8)

Material: BS 11
Service class : 1

Section check

N Vy Vz Mx My Mz
Design force -86.4[kN] 0.0[kN] 31.5[kN] 0.0[kNm] -128.4[kNm] 0.0[kNm]
Design stress -0.7[MPa] 0.0[MPa] 0.4[MPa] 0.0[MPa] -12.9[MPa] 0.0[MPa]
Unity check 0.04 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.77 0.00

Bending : 0.77 (5.1.6a)
Shear : 0.20 (5.1.7.1)

Stability check

L0
m
k L
m
lam sigma krit
MPa
lam_rel beta c k
k crit
kc
Y 6.43 2.70 17.36 125.29 5.8 2.037 0.10 2.651 0.23
Z 6.43 1.00 6.43 85.67 12.4 1.393 0.10 1.515 0.47
LTBy 6.43 1.00 6.43 158.4 0.389 1.00
LTBz 6.43 1.00 6.43 996.7 0.155 1.00

Compression (5.2.1) : 0.96 (5.2.1f)
Bending (5.2.2) : 0.96

Maximal unity check = 0.96 - satisfies.

Material: BS 11
Service class : 1

Section check

N Vy Vz Mx My Mz
Unity check 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.00

Bending : 0.31 (5.1.6a)
Shear : 0.00 (5.1.7.1)

Stability check

L0
m
k L
m
lam sigma krit
MPa
lam_rel beta c k
k crit
kc
Y 5.83 1.00 5.83 77.68 15.0 1.263 0.10 1.336 0.56
Z 5.83 1.00 5.83 126.22 5.7 2.052 0.10 2.683 0.23
LTBy 5.83 1.00 5.83 122.1 0.443 1.00
LTBz 5.83 1.00 5.83 524.1 0.214 1.00

Compression (5.2.1) : 0.92 (5.2.1e)


SCIA Software

454
Bending (5.2.2) : 0.92



SCIA Software

455

Description
The unity checks in ULS are compared with literature results.

Project data
See input file.

Reference

[1] Eurocode 5
ENV 1995-1-1:1993 E

[2] Timber Engineering STEP 2
Design - Details ans structural systems
First Edition, Centrum Hout, The Netherlands
1995

Result

Example of a truss made from glulam is considered.
Ref.[2], pp. E7/5 - E7/8

Ref.[2] EPW remarks
ULS unity check macro 2 - top chord 0.70 0.66 In Ref.[2] the value for k
m
is taken as 1.0, in EPW
k
m
=0.7.
ULS unity check macro 1 - bottom chord 0.73 0.63 In EPW the netto section is ignored for tension forces.
In EPW the moment is taken into account.

Version

PTR060103.epw

Modules
3D Frame (PRS.11)

Author
CVL

Calculation note



SCIA Software

456
Shear (5.1.7.1)
Torsion (5.1.8)

Material: GL32h
Service class : 1

Section check

N Vy Vz Mx My Mz
Design force 273.2[kN] 0.0[kN] -0.0[kN] 0.0[kNm] 1.7[kNm] 0.0[kNm]
Design stress 8.5[MPa] 0.0[MPa] -0.0[MPa] 0.0[MPa] 1.6[MPa] 0.0[MPa]
Unity check 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00

Bending : 0.07 (5.1.6a)
Tension + bending : 0.63 (5.1.9a)

Stability check

L0
m
k L
m
lam sigma krit
MPa
lam_rel beta c k
k crit
kc
Y 2.25 2.54 5.73 99.17 10.6 1.693 0.10 1.993 0.33
Z 2.25 1.00 2.25 48.71 44.1 0.832 0.10 0.863 0.92
LTB 2.25 1.00 2.25 473.3 0.260 1.00

Compression (5.2.1) : 0.07 (5.2.1f)
Bending (5.2.2) : 0.07


Material: GL32h
Service class : 1

Section check

N Vy Vz Mx My Mz
Unity check 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00

Bending : 0.24 (5.1.6a)
Shear : 0.00 (5.1.7.1)

Stability check

L0
m
k L
m
lam sigma krit
MPa
lam_rel beta c k
k crit
kc
Y 2.29 1.00 2.29 39.58 66.8 0.676 0.10 0.737 0.97
Z 2.29 1.66 3.79 65.71 24.2 1.122 0.10 1.160 0.69
LTB 2.29 1.00 2.29 728.0 0.210 1.00

Compression (5.2.1) : 0.66 (5.2.1e)
Bending (5.2.2) : 0.24


Steel and Timber Design Benchmarks - Enu

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Steel and Timber Design Benchmarks - Enu

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ESA-Prima Win Steel and timber design benchmarks

= (Using Art. 5.4.5.2. (1) EC3)

= (Using Art. 5.4.5.2. (1) EC3)

= (Annexe F.2. (6) Formula F.26)

= (Using Art. 5.4.5.2. (1) EC3)

= (Using Art. 5.4.5.2. (1) EC3)

= (Annexe F.2. (6) Formula F.26)

Section OK for tension

Section OK for LTB

Section OK for Shear Stress

Section OK for tension

Section OK for LTB

Buckling Check OK in compression

Section OK for simple bending

Buckling Check OK in compression

= WEB is CLASSE 1 (PP Method)

= WEB is CLASSE 1 (PP Method)

= = pinned joint -> no moment in the connection

= = pinned joint -> no moment in the connection

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