Ancient History

Memorization cards Sentences Timeline Images

Compiled by Hannah Wilson March 2007

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Introduction The history memory cards in this file were made to accompany The Story of the World: History for the Classical Child - Volume 1: Ancient Times by Susan Wise Bauer. To put together the cards: Cut both front and back Stick together Laminate and cut with a small edge so that the laminate holds the two parts together How to Memorize Alternative 1: As the child learns about the event or person depicted on the card, it is added to the cards to memorize. Read through the sequence of cards once daily. Say the title and date. Eventually the child will have the sequence memorized. Alternative 2: We came to memorization quite late so started the cards after having completed SOTW1. The unexpected benefit has been the reinforcement and rabbit trails back to material we have already covered and in which my daughter has shown a renewed interest.

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Cuneiform (writing on clay tablets) is the earliest known writing system. The Sumerians wrote on clay tablets. The Egyptians started writing on papyrus in c. 2600 BC. Before that they wrote on stone. Egyptian picture writing is called hieroglyphics.

Sumerian Cuneiform
c. 3200 BC
Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History http://62.244.190.29/int/int_entity_pages/int_select_page.asp?lvl=1&menu=s15&id=598

King Narmer unified Upper and Lower Egypt

c. 3000 BC

The area of Egypt closest to the Mediterranean Sea (the delta region) is called Lower Egypt and the area further from the sea is Upper Egypt. King Narmer was the King of Upper Egypt. He defeated the King of Lower Egypt and ruled the two lands. Narmer wore a double crown of red and white to symbolize the union of the two kingdoms. Red for Upper Egypt and White for Lower Egypt. He created the first Egyptian dynasty.

Image Source: http://www.users.bigpond.com/MSN/gary_fletcher/menes1.html

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Huang Di
The Yellow Emperor 2698 2599 BC

Huang Di was known as the Yellow Emperor. He is said to be the ancestor of all Han Chinese. Legend has it that Huang Dis wife Lei Zu taught the Chinese how to weave the silk from silkworms. Silk was so valuable that for centuries it was used as a form of money. It remained a closely kept secret by the Chinese for about 3000 years.

Image Source: http://cercle.arts.neuf.fr/musique%20chinoise.htm

Great Pyramid of Giza

Built by Pharaoh Cheops
c. 2500 B.C

Kings of the Old and Middle Kingdom of Egypt were buried under huge stone pyramids. The bodies of Egyptian nobles were embalmed to prevent them from decaying. Noblemen were buried under great rectangular stone tombs called mastabas. Poor people were buried in holes in the sand. The Great Pyramid of Giza was built by Pharaoh Cheops. Two other pyramids at Giza were built by his successors, Chepthren and Mengaurea. The Sphinx lies next to the pyramids.

Image Source: http://earthworld.wordpress.com/2007/04/01/the-great-pyramid-videos/

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Sargon of Akkad
The first Sumerian Dictator c. 2360 B.C

Sargon of Akkad conquered and united the quarreling cities of Mesopotamia (the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers) for the first time. He was the first Sumerian dictator. Sargon made the cities he conquered obey his laws and they had to pay him taxes. If they did not, Sargons soldiers punished them. This is called military dictatorship. Sargon built a capital city called Akkad and called his empire Akkadia. His empire lasted 200 years, but was then overthrown.

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History http://62.244.190.29/int/int_entity_pages/int_select_page.asp?lvl=1&menu=s15&id=598

Minoan civilization
c. 2200 BC

Crete is a long, skinny island in the Mediterranean Sea. The Minoans lived there. They were named after their legendary king Minos. The Minoans were known for their shipbuilding and they were traders. The capital, Knossos, had the grandest palace. Legend says that there was a labyrinth beneath the palace that housed a minotaur.

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History http://62.244.190.29/int/int_entity_pages/int_select_page.asp?lvl=1&menu=s15&id=598

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Abraham
c. 2100 B.C

Abraham is a figure of both the Bible and the Koran. He is believed to be the founder of the Hebrews through his son, Isaac, who in turn had a son Jacob. Jacob had 12 sons after whom the 12 tribes of the Jews are named. Abraham is called Ibrahim in Arabic. He is regarded as a profit in Islam. Ishmael, his firstborn son, is considered the Father of the Arabs.

Image Source: http://www.sundayschoollessons.com/pent7les.htm

The city of Mohenjo-daro

c. 2000 B.C
Image Source: http://www.bookrags.com/Sindh

Mohenjo-daro was a city of the Indus Valley civilization in India. The cities in the Indus Valley were built around huge circular mounds named citadels. Each citadel had a stronghold in it a place to go in case enemies attacked. All around the citadel, people built houses out of mud bricks.

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Minoan civilization
c. 2200 BC

Crete is a long, skinny island in the Mediterranean Sea. The Minoans lived there. They were named after their legendary king Minos. The Minoans were known for their shipbuilding and they were traders. The capital, Knossos, had the grandest palace. Legend says that there was a labyrinth beneath the palace that housed a minotaur.

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History http://62.244.190.29/int/int_entity_pages/int_select_page.asp?lvl=1&menu=s15&id=598

Hyksos invasion of Egypt

c. 1640 BC

The Hyksos conquered Egypt about 1640 B.C at a time that the Egyptians were weak. They ruled for over a 100 years, until they were driven out by Thutmose 1. The word Hyksos means ruler of foreign lands in Egyptian. They came from the land of Canaan. The Hyksos taught the Egyptians how to use many new weapons, including various kinds of swords and daggers, a new type of shield, mailed shirts, the metal helmet, special bows and horse-drawn chariots.

Image Source: http://ayzenberg.blogspot.com/2007/01/king-tut-tutankhamen-and-18th-dynasty.html

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

City of Mycenae

Mycenaean civilization
c. 1900 1100 BC

Mycenae was a city in Peloponnesus, the southern peninsula of Greece. The Mycenaeans were great fighters and used bronze weapons and chariots. The Mycenaean king, Agamemnon, led the famous war against Troy. These people didnt keep records, so we call this time the Greek Dark Ages.

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History

Queen Hatshepsut
Reign: 1479BC 1458 BC

Queen Hatshepsut was an early ruler of the New Kingdom of Egypt during the 18th dynasty. Hatshepsut was the eldest daughter of the pharaoh Thutmose 1 and Queen Ahmose. When her father died, Hatshepsuts brother became pharaoh. After he died, Hatshepsut helped her nephew rule Egypt, but when he was old enough, she would not let him rule. Hatshepsut declared herself pharaoh. She wore a false beard and dresses like a man.

Image Source: http://www.antropos.galeon.com/imag/hatshepsut.jpg

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Amenhotep IV
1352 - 1336 BC

Amenhotop IV was a ruler of the 18th dynasty during the New Kingdom in Egypt. Amenhotop was married to queen Nefertiti. He made Aten, the Sun in the sky, the chief god of Egypt. Amenhotop changed his name to Akhenaton which means worshipper of Aten Akhenaton was the first Egyptian monotheist which means he worshipped only one God.

Image Source: home.cfl.rr.com/.../Ancient_Egypt/amenhotep.gif

Tutankhamen became pharaoh of Egypt when he was only 7 years old. Tutankhamen died when he was 18. He was buried in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings surrounded by magnificent treasure and furniture. Tutankhamens tomb was found by archeologist Howard Carter in 1922 AD.

Tutankhamen
1347 1324 BC
Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Moses and the Exodus

C 1270 BC

Moses is a Hebrew leader and prophet of the Bible. He is also an important prophet in Islam and the Bah' faith. According to the Bible, Moses was born to a Hebrew mother who hid him when a pharaoh ordered all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed. He was adopted by an Egyptian princess. Moses was commanded by God to deliver the Hebrews from slavery. After the Ten Plagues were unleashed upon Egypt, he led the Hebrew slaves out of Egypt, through the Red Sea, and into the desert for 40 years.

Image Source: www.christusrex.org/www1/stanzas/L31-Loggia.html

Phoenician civilisation
c. 1000 BC

The Phoenicians were originally from the land of Canaan. Their name comes from the word phoinos (red) because of a reddish-purple dye the Phoenicians produced from murex shells. They made beautiful purple cloth and blown glass ornaments and beads. The Phoenicians were the best sailors in the Ancient world and were famous for their warships. The city-kingdom of Carthage was founded by Dido, a famous Phoenician princess.

Image Source: perso.orange.fr/miltiade/GB/phoenicians.htm

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Homer
c. 800 BC

Homer is said to have been a blind poet who composed the Iliad and the Odyssey. He would have sung or recited to an audience. The Iliad is a story about the Trojan war. The Odyssey is about a Greek hero called Odysseus (or Ulysses) and his long journey home to Ithaca.

Image Source: http://www.malaspina.org/home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=16

The founding of Rome

753 BC

The city of Rome began as a small village on one of seven hills in Italy. There are many ancient legends about the founding of Rome. One is that it was founded by Romulus, one of twin brothers (the grandsons of King Nubitor) who were abandoned as babies and suckled by a she-wolf. Romulus accidentally killed his brother Remus and then built the walls of Rome.

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Ashurbanipal
Reigned c.

Ashurbanipal was the last king of Assyria. King Ashurbanipal hunted lions to show his skill and bravery. He was a great soldier, but also a great patron of the arts. Ashurbanipal created the first library at Nineveh. He gathered all cuneiform literature available by that time.

668-627 BC

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History

Hanging Gardens of Babylon Built by Nebuchadnezzar Reigned 605 - 561BC

Nebuchadnezzar was one of the most famous kings of Babylonia. His story is told in the Bible in the book of Daniel. Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem and forced thousands of its people to live in Babylon as prisoners. Nebuchadnezzar built the hanging gardens of Babylon for his wife, a Persian princess. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

Image Source: http://www.geocities.com/Pipeline/4966/garden.html

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Buddha
563 - 483 BC

The Buddha was first called Siddhartha Gautama. He was a prince. One day he saw the suffering of ordinary people and left his family to search for a better way of life. Under a fig tree he achieved enlightenment and became known as the Buddha meaning the Enlightened One. He taught his followers to respect all living things, to make peace with their enemies, and to avoid violence. The noble eightfold paths of Buddhism are right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration."[

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History

Cyrus the Great

Ruled

Cyrus the Great was the founder of the Persian Empire. Cyrus was a good, fair king. The Assyrians and Babylonians had made the Jewish people leave their home, but when Cyrus became king of Babylon, he let the Jews go back to Palestine. The Jews called him, The Annointed of the Land

559-525 BC

Image Source: http://www.iranchamber.com/history/cyrus/cyrus.php

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Confucius was born in the Zhou period in China. He taught virtue and responsibility and that everyone has a place in society. His teachings were known as Confucianism After his death his followers collected his work into a book called the Analects.

Confucius
551 - 479 BC
Image Source: http://www.nichiren-etudes.net/dico/dicoimages/confucius.htm

The Peloponnesian War was fought between Sparta and Athens.

Peloponnesian War
431 404 BC

Image Source: http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/history/hellenistic.htm

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Image Source: http://www.simplenomics.com/alexander-the-great-as-a-role-model-for-your-salesforce/

Alexander the Great

Ruled 336

323 BC

Alexander the Great was King of Macedonia and the conqueror of the Persian Empire. Alexander was a tough soldier. He built the first lighthouse, the Pharos at Alexandria. Alexander tamed a wild horse called Bucephalus when he was a boy. On his death, Alexanders empire was broken up into a number of kingdoms, each ruled by one of his generals.

The Punic Wars

250 150 BC

The Punic wars were between the empires of Carthage and Rome. The Romans called the Carthaginians Punic, hence the name Punic wars. Hannibal was a Carthaginian general who avoided a sea battle by leading 50 000 men and horses and 38 elephants across the Alps to Rome. In the third Punic war, Carthage was completely destroyed by the Roman army.

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

The Great wall of China

221+ BC

The Great Wall of China was built to keep out nomadic peoples from the north. It was built by the first emperor, Shi Huangdi, during the Qin Dynasty. The Great Wall was 7 metres high. It stretched 2700 km long with all the curves added in, it is 6500km long. Its core consisted of earth or rubble covered with stone, bricks and mortar. The top was paved with stone or bricks.

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History

Julius Caesar
100 - 44 BC

Juilius Ceasar was a Roman military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Crossing the Rubicon is a metaphor for deliberately proceeding past a point of no return. On January 10, 49 BC, Ceasar led his army across the Rubicon river in violation of law, hence making conflict inevitable. Ceasar was murdered by two men called Brutus and Cassius on the Ides (15th) of March 44BC according to a plan of the senate. They thought he wanted to make himself king.

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Caesar Augustus (Octavian)

63 BC 14AD

Octavian was Julius Caesars nephew and the first Roman emperor. He was 19 when Julius Caesar died. He inherited all Julius Caesars money and threw a party for 10 days in Caesars honour. Octavian defeated Marc Antony and Cleopatra at Actium. Octavian was given the title Augustus, which means imposing one soon after becoming emperor. He restored order to the army and made Rome richer.

Image Source: Usborne Internet- Linked Encyclopedia of World History

The birth of Jesus

4 BC
Image Source: http://www.silk.net/RelEd/coloring_clipart1.htm

Jesus was born in Bethlehem in the Roman province of Judea. He grew up in Nazareth and worked as a carpenter. When he was 32 he began teaching and healing. He also performed many miracles. He spoke about the kingdom of God. Due to his popularity he was seen as a threat to the Romans and their leaders put him to death by crucifixion.

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

HISTORY MEMORY SENTENCES Sumerian Cuneiform was the earliest known writing developed around 3200 BC King Narmer unified upper and lower Egypt in 3000BC. Huang Di - The Yellow Emperor reigned in China from 2698 to 2599 BC. Cheops built the Great Pyramids at Giza in 2500BC. Sargon the Great of Akkad began the conquest of Sumer and found the Akkadian empire in 2360BC. The Minoans lived on the island of Crete around 2200 BC. Abraham is considered the founder of the Hebrews and lived in 2100BC. Mohenjo-daro was a city of the Indus Valley civilization in India around 2000BC. Hammurabi became the leader of Babylon and produced a code of laws in 1790BC. The Hyksos conquered Egypt about 1640 BC. The Mycenaeans lived in Peloponnesus, the southern peninsula of Greece, between 1900 1100 BC. Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt reigned during the New Kingdom around 1480BC. Amenhotep IV worshiped the god Atena and abolished the other gods Egyptians worshipped in 1350BC. Tuthankhamen, the boy pharaoh, reigned Egypt during the New Kingdom around 1333BC. The Exodus: Moses and the Israelites left Egypt in 1270BC. The Phoenicians were the best sailors in the Ancient world and were famous for their war-ships. 1000BC. Homers composed his poems the Iliad and the Odyssey in 800BC. Rome was founded in 753 BC. Ashurbanipal was the last king of Assyria and reigned from 668 to 627 BC. King Nebuchadnezzar built the hanging gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World in 580 BC. Prince Siddhartha Gautama of India later became known as the Buddha meaning the Awakened One. He taught meditation & mindfulness as a way to enlightenment. Cyrus the Great was the founder of the Persian Empire and reigned from 559 to 525 BC. Confucius in China was born in 551 BC. He taught his followers to be peaceful, honest and kind. The Peloponnesian Wars were between Sparta and Athens and lasted 60 years. Alexander the Great who lived from 356-323 BC, built an empire from Greece to India. The Punic Wars were fought between Rome and Cartage from 250-150 BC. Shih Huang Ti, known as the First Emperor unified China for the first time. During his Chin Dynasty he began constructing the Great Wall of China in 221 BC. Julius of Caesar, who established the Roman Empire, died in 44BC. Octavian declared himself Emperor Caesar Augustus, marking the birth of Imperial Rome in 30 BC. Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem in 4BC.

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Timeline pictures Sumerian Cuneiform Pharaoh Narmer (Menes)

Emperor Huang Di The Yellow Emperor

c.3200BC

c. 3000 BC

c. 2698 2599 BC

Pyramids of Giza
Built by Pharaoh Cheops

Sargon of Akkad

Minoan Civilization

c. 2500 B.C

c.2360 BC c. 2200

Abraham
Father of the Hebrews

The city of Mohenjo-daro

Hammurabi

C. 2100 BC

c. 2000 B.C

c.1790BC

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Hyksos invasion of Egypt

Mycenaean civilization

Queen Hatshepsut

c. 1640 BC

c. 1900 1100 BC

c.1480 BC

Amenhotep IV

Tutankhamen

Moses and the Exodus

C. 1333BC

c.1400s BC

Phoenician civilization

Homer

Founding of Rome

Statue of wolf with Romulus and Remus

c. 1000 BC

c.800 BC

c. 753 B.C

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Ashurbanipal hunting lions

King Nebuchadnezzar

Hanging gardens of Babylon

685 - 627 BC

605-562 BC

c. 605 BC

Buddha

Cyrus the Great

Confucius

551-479 BC 563-483 BC c. 538 BC

Peloponnesian war

Alexander the Great

The Great wall of China

431-404 BC

356 - 323 BC

221+ BC

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Augustus Ceasar

Julius Ceasar

Birth of Jesus

63 CD14 AD

10044 BC

4 BC

See memory cards above for image sources

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007

Bibliography

www.wikipedia.org The Kingfisher Illustrated History of the World Usborne Internet-linked Eencyclopedia of World History Susan Wise Bauer, The Story of the World: History for the Classical Child - Volume 1: Ancient Times, 2001, Peace Hill Press.

All rights reserved, H Wilson, 2007