Mr. Abhijeet Khandagale et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No.

3, Issue No. 1, 050 - 051

Hybrid Two-Wheelers for Indian Roads

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Mr. Abhijeet Khandagale#1, Mr. Shrikant Sangludkar#2 #2 abhijeetkhan@gmail.com, shrikantlare@gmail.com #1 #2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Operations Engineer, #1 G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, India. #2 Indorama Synthetic India Ltd., Butibori, Nagpur, India stabilization, etc. With the concept presented in this paper, it is possible to get 125% (5%) efficiency in the existing vehicles with bare minimum additions.

Abstract This paper introduces you to the novice concept of Hybrid Two-Wheelers. Using this concept, 2 wheelers can be effectively transformed to hybrids with an increased fuel efficiency of 30%. Seeing the soaring price of petroleum in the world market, I decided to come up with a concept which can be used in the existing vehicles. This hybrid uses an electric hub motor in the front wheel. I. Introduction

The following parts are to be upgraded for the hybrid version of your vehicle 1. Front Hub Motor Wheel, 2. Accelerator Throttle Unit, 3. Motor Controller, 4. Battery and Dynamo Charger.

Electric and hybrid revolution is reaching its full swing now. But it is limited to 4 wheeled vehicles. Why not introduce the concept of Hybrid 2 Wheelers? More than 70% of the vehicular population drives on 2 wheelers. Also the front wheel of these vehicles is always a free wheel which has not more than a very few functions to perform. Why let this go to waste when event this wheel can be put to use! Using a hybrid concept can efficiently reduce the use of petroleum these vehicles consume. As the petroleum prices are soaring high in the global market and even the depletion of natural resources threatens us, this concept can be used in the existing vehicles which will be in use even in the future.

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II. i. Hub Motors Hub Motor Rotor

The research is still in progress and will be presenting a prototype soon.

The basic advantage with a hub motor conversion is that, there is no need for external mounting brackets and drive chains to support a

motor and transmission. Instead all of this is contained inside the wheel which mounts on your bike like any other wheel. There are two basic categories of hub motors: direct drive and geared. The direct drive hub motor is about as simple as things get. Imagine taking an electric motor, but holding the axle and letting the body of the motor spin. Now lace a bicycle rim onto this spinning motor body and there you have it, no moving parts other than the wheel itself. What is being used here are radial-flux Brushless DC (BLDC) machines that have an array of permanent magnets on the inside surface of the hub. The stator windings are attached to the axle, and the hub is made to rotate by alternating currents through

There is much little work done in order to utilize more with the existing 2 wheeler entries in the market. All the pros and cons are deeply thought of before presenting this paper. This is Weight increment, position of various controls for the electric part to work in conjunction with the ICE, steering,

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An Introduction.

Hub Motor Stator

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Mr. Abhijeet Khandagale et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 3, Issue No. 1, 050 - 051

these windings. In a DC hub motor, the magnets are on the axle, and the windings are actually spinning on the inside of the hub. A carbon brush transmits electricity to the spinning windings via a commutator plate. ii. Geared Hub Motors

stationary and moving parts. Although brushless motor technology is more expensive, most are more efficient and longer-lasting than brushed motor systems. As per my findings, the initial phase of driving does not necessarily need high power output. So the use of the electric part during the start, low speed and before and after idling times is the optimum time to save fuel. Using a simple switch to transfer between the electric and fuel part this can be achieved. The IC engine part is undisturbed in this up gradation. The parts added have been discussed earlier too. So during the start of the vehicle, the electric motor gives the initial momentum to the vehicle, after a certain predefined speed is reached, the ICE takes over for higher speeds. Now this transition has to be very safely calibrated. For the riders needs, a manual override is also provided if the rider wants to completely drive on electric or on fuel. Different gauges are to be provided to observe different factors for the electric system. The chronology is as follows The master switch activates the vehicle, which has three modes, namely, Electric, Hybrid and ICE. The extremes are pure inputs. In the hybrid section, the electric motor gets its power from the battery pack, which takes the vehicle to a specified speed. Till this speed a noiseless and fuel saving system drives the vehicle. After this step, when the need of power and speed increases, the main engine takes over. This system is eligible to be applied in scooterettes and even bikes. III. The Final Word

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iii. Mechanism
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*//Although it would be possible to have a geared hub motors with multiple speeds, as far as I know every system currently on the market is still just single speed. There are some people who argue passionately that E-bikes should have multiple transmission ratios so that the same 500 watt motor can both haul you slowly up a 15 degree hill and zip you along on the flat while always operating around the peak efficiency zone. But if the market is any indicator, the increased costs and complexities from multi-speed drives outweigh their advantages.

The geared hub concept takes the weight advantages of a transmission drive and package it into the simple looking and easy to install hub motor. These typically weigh about 50% less than an equivalently powerful direct drive machine, and they often have superior torque outputs. The Germanmade Heinzmann for instance can produce up to 80 Newton-meters (N-m) of torque, compared to about 35 N-m for typical direct drive machines.

Hub motor electromagnetic fields are supplied to the stationary windings of the motor. The outer part of the motor follows, or tries to follow, those fields, turning the wheel to which it is attached. Energy is transferred to a brushed motor through physical contact of brushes to the rotating shaft of the motor. Energy is transferred to a brushless motor electronically, requiring no physical contact between

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IV.

As thought, a geared hub motor has gearing inside it to reduce the high speed of a fast and efficient motor to the low speed of the wheel. From the outside, a geared hub motor is usually smaller in radius but wider than a direct drive hub. On the inside, they can take a variety of different forms although most frequently they have an outrunner motor that drives the center of a planetary gear set linked to the rotor.

The current scenario of the booming prices is getting the population sick. Having a cheaper solution to this problem is the key to the future. I hope my ongoing research proves fruitful. References

http://www.electricrider.com/crystalyte/inde x.htm http://www.electricrider.com/crystalyte/parts .htm http://www.goldenmotor.com/JDbike/ebikep rod.htm http://www.goldenmotor.com/batterypack.ht m http://www.electricmotorsport.com/store/em s_ev_parts.php http://www.ebikes.ca/index.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wheel_hub_motor.htm

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