UNIVERSIDAD CATLICA DE TEMUCO FACULTAD DE EDUCACIN ESCUELA DE EDUCACIN MEDIA PEDAGOGA EN INGLS

Final Application Work

Gleny Hidd Oliveros Text Linguistics Miss Susana Pasten/ Mr. Hector Turra July 6th, 2011

Infamy Speech
(Pearl Harbor address to the Nation)
By Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives: Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian Islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.

Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

1.

Communicative Activity

I decided to analyze the Infamy Speech because it is part of an important event of history in which United States declared war to Japan. Through this speech Franklin Delano Roosevelt informed the nation the attack they have suffered on December 7th, 1941, the night before. This speech is the result of the attack of Pearl Harbor, a naval base situated in Oahu island Hawaii, killing thousands of people and destroying one of the biggest naval bases that United States had. Product of this attack, United States declared war to Japan and entered to the Second World War. In this communicative activity we can clearly identify the interlocutors; the speaker is the president of the United States in presence of Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate and of the House of Representatives and it is addressed to the whole nation. In this speech and given the situation of a great attack, the president uses a rhetoric language to make close an event situated far away from the continent the were; without making any threat or showing signs of anger and just choosing words carefully.

2.

Speech Acts

Representative: As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. It is possible to qualify it as true or false. Directive: The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.

Commisive: No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.

Expressive: With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God. Declarative: As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.

3.

Jakobsons Functions of Language

Referential function: And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Conative function: I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire. Emotive function: I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. Phatic function: Poetic function: With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God. Metalinguistic function: Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. 4. a. Anaphoric and Cataphoric References ANAPHORIC:

i) The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Explanation: The pronoun its refers to the government that belongs specifically to Japan and it is used as a way not to repeat the name of that country. ii) Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Explanation: The word that is referring to Japan even though it was mentioned in the previous paragraph, but also is mentioned with a sense

b.

CATAPHORIC:

i) And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. Explanation: In this case it is used to emphasize the fact of useless diplomatic negotiations, which will be mentioned afterwards. ii) It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. Explanation: It in this sentence is used to catch the attention to remember the big distance between Hawaii and Japan besides to create suspense. 5. ONE THEME AND ONE RHEME

i) The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian Islands has caused severe damage to Theme Rheme American naval and military forces. Rheme Explanation: The attack on the Hawaiian Islands is what the speaker wants to talk about and the consecuense of this is the severe damage that American naval and military forces suffered. 6. THE MACROSTRUCTURE OF THE TEXT

7. APPLY THREE MACRO RULES TO REACH THE MACROSTRUCTURE AND THE ACHIEVED RESULTS 8. THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF THE TEXT:

The superstructure of this text is a speech because the speaker in this case, Franklin Delano Roosevelt president of the United States, has a precise and concise message to transmit to the nation and to the Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives as their listeners. In this specific case the speech has the purpose to inform about all the facts that preceded the attack to Pearl Harbor as well as to declare war to Japan. The speech begins with FDR telling what has occurred, then he makes a backing up of the events and how Japan showed no signs of aggression. Then with all the facts presented he moves out into a call for action where he states the need of declaring state of war by expressing some patriotic feelings that dig into peoples heart.

Finally he asks explicitly the congress to declare war since the attack occurred.