ONLINE MONITORING SYSTEM OF TEMPERATURE OF CONDUCTORS AND FITTINGS BASED ON GSM AND ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGIES.

Dr.S.B.Shivakumar M.Tech.Ph.D Shivashantala@gmail.com Principal SJMIT,Chitradurga

Introduction: With fast development of economy in India, the demand of electricity is higher and higher, and the problem between lag of construction of network and inadequacy of transmission capacity becomes increasingly prominent, which exacerbates the unharmonious contradictions of development between power grids and power generation structure. Some provinces and cities have begun to take power limited policies to alleviate contradiction of the current electricity supply-demand, how to resolve this problem has become imperative responsibility for many power workers. As the electricity requirement, longdistance, large-capacity and high-voltage Transmission line will be more and more. By 2010, the transmission capacity of some main lines of 500 kV will reach or exceed 1GW. As the increased power there is a chance to increase the temperature of the conductor also. At present the allowable temperature in some areas is 80 degree. If the temperature exceeds this limit then again there is a chance to break the conductor and cause some accidents. An efficient and intelligent solution for this problem is to use some temperature monitoring system in different areas on the power line conductor. If the temperature exceeds a particular limit then the power control station can easily control the power transmission according to the monitored temperature.

Because the sensor we use is for High power conductors, we should use wireless connectivity for the sensor part. Nowadays a suitable technology for wireless data transfer with a high data security is ZIG BEE technology. With this ZIG BEE and GSM technology we can design an efficient and intelligent system for monitoring temperature and other parameters. What is ZIG BEE? ZigBee wireless network technology is a new standard launched and made by ZigBee Alliance. The alliance, founded in August 2001, is a fast-growing and non-profit organization, and it aims is to provide consumers with more flexible and easier electronic products. The second half of 2002, four large corporations including the British company Invensys, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Motorola and the Dutch giant Philips Semiconductor Corporation jointed together to announce that they would join the "ZigBee Alliance" to invent the next-generation wireless communication standards named "ZigBee", which became a significant milestone in the development process. In October 2004, the ZigBee Alliance announced a version 1.0 of ZigBee protocol, and in December 2005 version 1.1. This protocol is developed based on IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee uses free frequency bands of 2.4 GHz and 900 MHz, and its transmission rate is 20 kbps to 250 kbps. In this project we are using standard ZigBee wireless network

modules. The Zigbee module and protocol have been successfully applied to power system, medical and some other fields. Zig Bee is a worldwide open standard for wireless radio networks in the monitoring and control fields. The standard was developed by the ZigBee Alliance (an association of international companies) to meet the following principal needs:

Why ZIG BEE?

node locations where cables would be difficult or expensive to install a need to modify the network (add, remove or move nodes) while in service

low cost ultra-low power consumption use of unlicensed radio bands cheap and easy installation flexible and extendable networks integrated intelligence for network set-up and message routing

The following are typical application areas in which Zig Bee provides a low-cost solution Commercial Building and Home Automation: Electronic control within a building or home can be implemented through wireless networks - example applications are HVAC (heating, ventilation and air-conditioning), lighting, curtains/blinds, doors, locks and home entertainment systems. Security: Another important application within commercial buildings and the home is security both intruder and fire detection. Healthcare: This field employs sensors and diagnostic devices that can be networked by means of a wireless network. Applications include monitoring during healthcare programs such as fitness training, in addition to medical applications such as patient monitoring. Vehicle Monitoring: Vehicles usually contain many sensors and diagnostic devices, and provide ideal applications for wireless networks. A prime example is the use of pressure sensors in tyres, which cannot be connected by cables. Agriculture: Wireless networks can help farmers monitor land and environmental conditions in order to optimize their crop yields. Such networks may require wide geographical coverage, but Zig Bee addresses this issue by offering network topologies that allow the relaying of

Some of the above requirements are related for example, the need for extremely low power consumption is motivated by the use of battery-powered nodes which can be installed cheaply and easily, without any power cabling, in difficult locations. In this project we are monitoring the temperature of High Power line conductors (Above 210 Kv). Since it is a high power transmission cable there will be a magnetic field around the conductor. This magnetic field will affect the data transmission and there is a chance to lose or corrupt the data if we use any other protocol other than ZIG BEE. So ZIG BEE is the suitable technology for this kind of application.

Typical Application Areas

Application areas that are suitable for Zig Bee networks are likely to have the following characteristics or requirements:

low data rates (less than 250kbps) nodes which are idle (not transmitting/receiving) for long periods

messages from node to node across the network.

GSM MODEM (900/1800 MHz)

Semens GSM/GPRS Smart Modem is a multi-functional, ready to use, rugged unit that can be embedded or plugged into any application. The Smart Modem can be controlled and customized to various levels by using the standard AT commands. The modem is fully typeapproved, it can speed up the operational time with full range of Voice, Data, Fax and Short Messages (Point to Point and Cell Broadcast), the modem also supports GPRS (Class 2*) for spontaneous data transfer. Description of the interfaces The modem comprises several interfaces: LED Function including operating Status External antenna Serial and control link Power Supply SIM card holder IMPLEMENTATION

LED Status Indicator The LED will indicate different status of the modem: OFF Modem Switched off ON Modem is connecting to the network Flashing Slowly Modem is in idle mode Flashing rapidly Modem is in transmission/communication(GSM only) BLOCK DIAGRAM

Temp. Sensors

XB

XB

GSM

COM. UNIT

TEMP. SENSOR UNIT

BIBLOGRAPHY
01. Gallager I., Ballance J. and Adams J. The application o AMR Technique to the networkBr.Telecom. Technol.J., 7(2), PP. 151-160; 1989. 02. Lin Y.-K.M., Spears D.R. and Yin M. ZigBee based local access network architectures IEEE Comm. Mag. PP. 64-73;October 1989. 03. Gallager I., Ballance J. and Adams J. The application o AMR Technique to

the networkBr.Telecom. Technol.J., 7(2), PP. 151-160; 1989. 04. Xiong F., Transmission through different types of ZigBee Module, IEEE Comm. Mag. PP 84-97; Aug 1994. 05. www.gsmtechnology.org 06. www.microchip.com 07. www.epanorama.com 08. Communication and analysis by Ann Hyde,Prentice-Hall,1988