This document consists of Basic communication engineering solved objective questions.

Question paper :1 modulation and communication Question: What does AM mean? 1) Angelo marconi 2) Anno median 3) Amplitude modulation 4) Amperes

Question: What frequency range is the High Frequency band? 1) 100 kHz 2) 1 GHz 3) 30 to 300 MHz 4) 3 to 30 MHz

Question: What does AM mean? 1) Angelo marconi 2) Anno median 3) Amplitude modulation 4) Amperes

Question: What frequency range is the High Frequency band? 1) 100 kHz 2) 1 GHz 3) 30 to 300 MHz 4) 3 to 30 MHz

Question: What does EPROM stand for? 1) Electric Programmable Read Only Memory 2) Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 3) Evaluable Philotic Random Optic Memory 4) Every Person Requires One Mind Question: What does the term PLC stand for? 1) Programmable Lift Computer 2) Program List Control

3) Programmable Logic Controller 4) Piezo Lamp Connector

Question: Which motor is NOT suitable for use as a DC machine? 1) Permanent magnet motor 2) Series motor 3) Squirrel cage motor 4) Synchronous motor

Question: What does VVVF stand for? 1) Variant Voltage Vile Frequency 2) Variable Velocity Variable Fun 3) Very Very Vicious Frequency 4) Variable Voltage Variable Frequency

Question: The sampling rate, (how many samples per second are stored) for a CD is...? 1) 48.4 kHz 2) 22,050 Hz 3) 44.1 kHz 4) 48 kHz

Question: Compact discs, (according to the original CD specifications) hold how many minutes of music? 1) 74 mins 2) 56 mins 3) 60 mins 4) 90 mins

Question: Sometimes computers and cash registers in a foodmart are connected to a UPS system. What does UPS mean? 1) United Parcel Service 2) Uniform Product Support 3) Under Paneling Storage 4) Uninterruptable Power Supply

Question: What does AC and DC stand for in the electrical field?

1) Alternating Current and Direct Current 2) A Rock Band from Australia 3) Average Current and Discharged Capacitor 4) Atlantic City and District of Columbia

Question: Which consists of two plates separated by a dielectric and can store a charge? 1) Inductor 2) Capacitor 3) Transistor 4) Relay,

Question: Made from a variety of materials, such as carbon, which inhibits the flow of current...? 1) Choke 2) Inductor 3) Resistor 4) Capacitor

Question: The FFT, a mathematical process, is used extensively in digital signal processing (DSP). For what word does the second "F" in FFT stand? 1) Fast 2) Fourier 3) Ford 4) Footed

Question: Which is a type of Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory? 1) Flash 2) Flange 3) Fury 4) FRAM

Question: A given signal's second harmonic is twice the given signal's __________ frequency...? 1) Fourier 2) Foundation 3) Fundamental 4) Field

Question: Voltage is sometimes referred to as EMF, or Electromotive...?

1) Field 2) Factor 3) Flash 4) Force

Question: "FET" is a type of transistor, Its full name is ________ Effect Transistor...? 1) Field 2) Factor 3) Flash 4) Force

Question: When measuring the characteristics of a small-signal amplifier, say for a radio receiver, one might be concerned with its "Noise..."? 1) Fundamental 2) Fall 3) Force 4) Figure

Question: The average power (in watts) used by a 20 to 25 inch home color television is...? 1) 70-100 2) 25-50 3) 500-800 4) Over 1000

Question: The most common format for a home video recorder is VHS. VHS stands for...? 1) Video Home System 2) Very high speed 3) Video horizontal standard 4) Voltage house standard

Question: If the picture is stretched or distorted up and down like a fun house mirror the circuit to adjust or repair is...? 1) Vertical 2) Tuning 3) Horizontal 4) Filament

Question: The electromagnetic coils on the neck of the picture tube or tubes which pull the electron beam from side to side and up and down are called a...? 1) Transformer 2) Yoke 3) Capacitor 4) Diode

Question: The input used by an antenna or cable to a TV set uses frequencies called...? 1) IF 2) RF 3) AF 4) SAP

Question: The transformer that develops the high voltage in a home television is commonly called a...? 1) Tesla coil 2) Flyback 3) Yoke 4) Van de Graaf

Question: Most modern TV's draw power even if turned off. The circuit the power is used in does what function? 1) Sound 2) Remote control 3) Color balance 4) High voltage

Question: In a color television set using a picture tube a high voltage is used to accelerate electron beams to light the screen. That voltage is about...? 1) 500 volts 2) 5 thousand volts 3) 25 thousand volts 4) 100 thousand volts

Question: The NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) is also used in the country of...? 1) Japan 2) France 3) Germany 4) England

Question: In the United States the television broadcast standard is...? 1) PAL 2) NTSC 3) SECAM 4) RGB

Question: Which is NOT an acceptable method of distributing small power outlets throughout an open plan office area? 1) Power Poles 2) Power Skirting 3) Flush Floor Ducting 4) Extension Cords

Question: Which of the following is an international protocol for lighting control? 1) Lite-con 2) DALI 3) IPLC 4) Prolicon

Question: In the UK, what type of installation requires a fireman's switch? 1) Neon Lighting 2) High Pressure Sodium Lighting 3) Water Features 4) Hotel Rooms

Question: What will a UPS be used for in a building? 1) To provide power to essential equipment 2) To monitor building electricity use 3) To carry messages between departments 4) To control lighting and power systems

Question: Larger buildings may be supplied with a medium voltage electricity supply, and will required a substation or mini-sub. What is the main item of equipment contained in these? 1) Transformer 2) Transponder

3) Transducer 4) Converter

Question: What is the relationship between resistivity r and conductivity s? 1) R = s2 2) R = s 3) R > s 4) R = 1/s

Qn paper 2:
Basic communication engineering solved objective questions Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Solved MCQ Quiz solved question papers on electronics and telecommunication engineers Problems and Solutions in Electronics & Communication Engineering 1.Communication is a process of a) b) c) d) transfer of information transfer of energy transfer of channel none of these

Ans:a 2. a) b) c) d) An example of communication service printer television both(a)&(b) none of these

Ans:b 3. Channel is a) b) c) d) medium signal carrier none of these

Ans:a

4. Analog signal varies with a) b) c) d) sampling time time continuously sampling frequency none of these

Ans:b 5. Discrete signal is represented by a) b) c) d) coding modulation demodulation sequence of samples

Ans:d 6. Carrier signal has a) b) c) d) constant magnitude constant frequency variable frequency variable time

Ans:a 7.Modulating signal has a) b) c) d) low frequency low modulation high frequency none of these

Ans:a 8. Modulation index is a) b) c) Vm/Vc Vc/Vm Vm/Ic

d)

None of these

Ans:a 9. a) b) c) d) fc +fm is upper band frequency lower band frequency mid band frequency none of these

Ans:a 10. fc fm is a) b) c) d) upper band frequency lower band frequency mid band frequency none of these

Ans:b 11.In amplitude modulation, frequency is a) b) c) d) constant zero variable one

Ans:a 12. In amplitude modulation, amplitude is a) b) c) d) constant zero variable none of these

Ans:c 13.In frequency modulation, frequency is a. constant

b. zero c. variable d.one Ans:c 14. In frequency modulation, amplitude is a.constant b.zero c.one d.variable Ans:a 15. frequency modulation has a) b) c) d) one carrier one carrier with two side band frequencies one carrier with infinite frequencies none of these

Ans:c 16. a) b) c) d) Amplitude modulation has one carrier one carrier with two side band frequencies one carrier with infinite frequencies none of these

Ans:b 17.FM signal is less affected by a) b) c) d) loss temperature frequency noise

Ans:d

18. FSK is a) b) c) d) frequency shift keying frequency shine keying frequency shine keyboard none of these

Ans:a 19. ASK is a) b) c) d) e) Amplitude shift keying Amplitude shift keyboard Amplitude shine keying none of these Ans:a

20. HPA is a) b) c) d) high power audio high port audio high power amplifier none of these

Ans:c 21. Word SCANNING is used in in a) b) c) d) telecost telephone radio TV

Ans:d 22. The frequency range of 1GHZ to 30GHZ are referred as a) b) c) sound waves micro waves mini waves

d)

none of these

Ans:b 23 . IF is a) b) c) d) interference frequency interconnection frequency intermediate frequency none of these

Ans:c 24. Low pass filter attenuates a) b) c) d) high frequencies low frequencies medium frequencies none of these

Ans:a 25 . high pass filter attenuates a) b) c) d) high frequencies low frequencies medium frequencies none of these

Ans:b 26. Low pass filter allows a) b) c) d) high frequencies medium frequencies zero frequency low frequencies

Ans:d 27. High pass filter allows a) high frequencies

b) c) d)

medium frequencies zero frequency low frequencies

Ans:a 28. Primary component of uplink section of satellite is a) b) c) d) transformer transistor earth station transmitter power station transmitter

Ans:c 29. Micro wave communication is used in a) b) c) d) TNEB telephone networks industries none of these

Ans:b 30. Non electric signal is converted into electrical signal by a) b) c) d) transmitter receiver line none of these

Ans:a 31. In order to reduce interference, the signal should be a) b) c) d) amplified multiplied demodulated modulated

Ans:d

32. An example for an analog signal a) b) c) d) Sine wave impulse signal sample signal None of these

Ans:a 33. Messages travel from transmitter to receiver with help of a) b) c) d) Transmitter Receiver channel antennas

Ans:c 34. Bandwidth of FM signal is than AM signal a) b) c) d) lesser either lesser or larger larger none of these

Ans:c 35. In AM modulation ,when the modulation index increases, transmitted a) b) c) d) constant increased decreased none of these power is

Ans:b 36. In FM modulation ,when the modulation index increases, transmitted a) b) c) constant increased decreased power is

d)

none of these

Ans:a 37. Sound signalsin TV are a) b) c) d) amplitude modulated dc modulated frequency modulated a and c

Ans:c 38. Video signals in TV are a) b) c) d) amplitude modulated de modulated frequency modulated none of these

Ans:a 39. In optical communication, carrier is a) b) c) d) electromagnetic waves in optical frequency electromagnetic waves in maximum frequency electromagnetic waves in minimum frequency none of these

Ans:a 40. Optical detector is a) b) c) d) diode PIN photo diode transistor none of these

Ans:b 41.Optical fibre hasdiameter a.small

b.large c.zero d.none of these Ans:a 42. Optical fibre is fabricated by a) b) c) d) glass copper aluminium none of these

Ans:a 43.An earth station receiver consists of a.RF to IF down converter b. IFto RF converter c.either (a)&(b) d.none of these Ans:a 44. An earth station transmitter consists of a.RF to IF down converter b. IFto RF converter c. either (a)&(b) d.none of these Ans:b 45.VHF is a.very low frequency b.very high frequency c.very hot frequency d.none of these Ans:b

46. TRF is nothing but a.TV radio frequency b.Tuned radio frequency c.Tube radio frequency d.none of these Ans:b 47.which one of the following is the type of superheterodyning a.Radio transmitter b.TV c.radio receiver d.radar Ans:c 48.AFC is nothing but a.Audio frequency control b.Automatic frequency control c.Amplitude frequency control d.none of these Ans:b 49.The maximum power in AM,when modulation index is a.0 b.0.5 c.0.7 d.1 Ans:d 50.Primary colours are a.red,blue.green b.green,white.blue c.blue,red.yellow

d.none of these Ans:a

Qn paper 3:
Communication Quiz Communication Free Online practice Test Objective Solved Questions on Communication 1. Characteristics of all informal and formal communication are (a) same (b) unstructured (c) structured (d) different Ans. (d) 2. The process of media messages to be tailored to its format and technology is known as (a) Perception filter (b) Media relevancy (c) Communication clarity (d) Rhetorics Ans:-B 3. Communicator is the person who (a) Initiates the communication process (b) Completes the communication process (c) Controls the communication process (d) Avoids the communication process. Ans:-A 4.The communication, which transpires inside a person is known as (a) Intra-personal communication (b) Inter-personal communication / (c) Mass communication (d) Group communication Ans:-A 5. Any interruption,which occurs at any point of the communication process is known as (a) Noise (b) Barrier (c) Distortion (d) all of these Ans:-C 6. The basic process of communication comprises (a) Sender Message Channel Receiver (b) Sender Receiver Channel Message (c) Receiver Sender Message channel (d) Message Sender Receiver channel

Ans:-A 7. The layer of atmosphere which enable wireless communication (a) Troposphere (b) Stratosphere (c) Ionosphere (d) Mesosphere Ans. (c) 8. The communication, which transpires inside a person is known as: (a) Intra-personal communication (b) Inter-personal communication (c) Mass communication (d) Group communication Ans:-A 9. Chatting in Internet is (a) Verbal Communication (b) Non Verbal Communication (c) Parallel Communication (d) Grapevine Communication Ans:-D 10. Good Evaluation of written communications should not be based on (a) Linguistic Exp (b) Subject knowledge (c) Paragraph conclusion (d) Logic of representation Ans:-A

Qn paper 4: al types of qn
1. What is hole theory? 2. What is avalanche effect? 3. Difference between CDMA and GSM? 4. What is GPRS? How does it work? 5. Have you heard of 4th generation mobile techlogy? 6. What is S/N ratio? 7. What is transponder? 8. What are the types of soldering?

2. Why is the 1st micro processor named 8085?? 3. "whats the diff between GSM and CDMA"? 4. What are the disadvantage of FM 5. How many states does signal has ?
there are 3 states in a signal: on state, off state, tri state 2.which software is used to design a software IC using VHDL

altera 3.How many type of resistances are there in a diode Two, one when forward biased have zero resistance and the other when reverse biased has infinite resistance 6 What type of architecture is used in 8085 microprocessor? Von-Neumann architecture 7.What are semiconductor devices A semiconductor device is a device which has a pn junction in it.Ex. Diode, transistor. Basically they are different in conduction property. these materials are not conductors by default they become conductors in some cicumstances like, increase in temperature or difference in the charge density, etc. Germanium and silicon are the best examples of semiconductors...

Qn paper 5: digital electronics What is meant by D-FF? * What is the basic difference between Latches and Flip flops? * What is a multiplexer? * How can you convert an SR Flip-flop to a JK Flip-flop? * How can you convert an JK Flip-flop to a D Flip-flop? * What is Race-around problem? How can you rectify it? * Which semiconductor device is used as a voltage regulator and why? * What do you mean by an ideal voltage source? * What do you mean by zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown? * What are the different types of filters? * What is the need of filtering ideal response of filters and actual response of filters? * What is sampling theorem? * What is impulse response? * Explain the advantages and disadvantages of FIR filters compared to IIR counterparts. * What is CMRR? Explain briefly. * What do you mean by half-duplex and full-duplex communication? Explain briefly. * Which range of signals are used for terrestrial transmission? * What is the need for modulation?

* Which type of modulation is used in TV transmission? * Why we use vestigial side band (VSB-C3F) transmission for picture? * When transmitting digital signals is it necessary to transmit some harmonics in addition to fundamental frequency? * For asynchronous transmission, is it necessary to supply some synchronizing pulses additionally or to supply or to supply start and stop bit? * BPFSK is more efficient than BFSK in presence of noise. Why? * What is meant by pre-emphasis and de-emphasis? * What do you mean by 3 dB cutoff frequency? Why is it 3 dB, not 1 dB? * What do you mean by ASCII, EBCDIC?

Qn paper 6: general 1: What is difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller ?

2: Why is Zener Diode always used in Reverse Bias condition ?

3: Difference between FM and AM, which is preferred & its advantages.

4: Questions on different coding techniques ?

5: Questions on signal processing techniques ?

6: What is RS in RS-232 ?

7: What is Lenz law ?

8: What is Transmission Frequency of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX ?

9: What is difference between Piconet and Scatternet ?

10: What is Moore's Law ?

11: How many satellites comprise the GPS and expand it ?

12: What is ZigBee and its specifications ?

13: What is FPGA ?

14: What is MIMO ?

15: What is VOIP ?

16: On what principle do Transformers work ?

17: What is EDFA ?

18: What are different types of antennas ?

Some common theory qns:

Ideal voltage source is a circuit element where the voltage across it is independent of the current through it. It only exists in

athematical models of circuits. If the voltage across an ideal voltage source can be specified independently of any other variable in a circuit, it is called an independent voltage source. Impulse response of a system is its output when presented with a very brief input signal, an impulse. A system in the class known as LTI systems (linear, time-invariant systems) is completely characterized by its impulse response. The Laplace transform of the impulse response function is known as the transfer function. It is usually easier to analyze systems using transfer functions as opposed to impulse response functions. The Laplace transform of a system's output may be determined by the multiplication of the transfer function with the input function in the complex plane, also known as the frequency domain. An inverse Laplace transform of this result will yield the output function in the time domain. To determine an output function directly in the time domain requires the convolution of the input function with the impulse response function. Finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a type of a digital filter. The impulse response, the filter's response to a Kronecker delta input, is 'finite' because it settles to zero in a finite number of sample intervals. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response filters which have internal feedback and may continue to respond indefinitely. A FIR filter has a number of useful properties which sometimes make it preferable to an infinite impulse response filter. FIR filters: * Are inherently stable. This is due to the fact that all the poles are located at the origin and thus are located within the unit circle. * Require no feedback. This means that any rounding errors are not compounded by summed iterations. The same relative error occurs in each calculation. * They can be designed to be linear phase, which means the phase change is proportional to the frequency. Infinite impulse response (IIR) is a property of signal processing systems. They have an impulse response function which is non-zero over an infinite length of time. The simplest analog IIR filter is an RC filter made up of a single resistor (R) feeding into a node shared with a single capacitor (C). This filter has an exponential impulse response characterized by an RC time constant.

Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of a differential amplifier (or other device) measures the tendency of the device to reject input signals common to both input leads. A high CMRR is important in applications where the signal of interest is represented by a small voltage fluctuation superimposed on a (possibly large) voltage offset, or when relevant information is contained in the voltage difference between two signals. Signal-to-noise ratio (often abbreviated SNR or S/N) defined as the ratio of a signal power to the noise power corrupting the signal. In less technical terms, signal-to-noise ratio compares the level of a desired signal (such as music) to the level of background noise. The higher the ratio, the less obtrusive the background noise is. Asynchronous transmission uses start and stop bits to signify the beginning bit ASCII character would actually be transmitted using 10 bits e.g.: A "0100 0001" would become "1 0100 0001 0". The extra one (or zero depending on parity bit) at the start and end of the transmission tells the receiver first that a character is coming and secondly that the character has ended. This method of transmission is used when data is sent intermittently as opposed to in a solid stream. In the previous example the start and stop bits are in bold. The start and stop bits must be of opposite polarity. This allows the receiver to recognize when the second packet of information is being sent. Synchronous transmission uses no start and stop bits but instead synchronizes transmission speeds at both the receiving and sending end of the transmission using clock signals built into each component. A continual stream of data is then sent between the two nodes. Due to there being no start and stop bits the data transfer rate is quicker although more errors will occur, as the clocks will eventually get out of sync, and the receiving device would have the wrong time that had been agreed

in protocol (computing) for sending/receiving data, so some bytes could become corrupted (by losing bits). Ways to get around this problem include re-synchronization of the clocks and use of check digits to ensure the byte is correctly interpreted and received. Difference between real ground and virtual ground Virtual ground (sometimes called virtual earth) is an important concept found in electronic circuit designs. It identifies a point in a circuit as being held close to the circuit's ground or reference level electric potential. It is called virtual since this point does not have any real electrical connection to ground. The reference may or may not be the same as the local utility ground or earth Real ground: Voltage is a differential quantity, which appears between two points. In order to deal only with a voltage (an electrical potential) of a single point, the second point has to be connected to a reference point (ground) having usually zero voltage. This point has to have steady potential, which does not vary when the electrical sources "attack" the ground by "injecting" or "sucking" a current to/from it. Usually, the power supply terminals serve as grounds; when the internal points of compound power sources are accessible, they can also serve as real grounds BUS: In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers. Unlike a point-to-point connection, a bus can logically connect several peripherals over the same set of wires. Each bus defines its set of connectors to physically plug devices, cards or cables together. Early computer buses were literally parallel electrical buses with multiple connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical functionality as a parallel electrical bus. Pull-up resistors are resistors used in the design of electronic logic circuits to ensure that inputs to logic systems settle at expected logic levels if external devices are disconnected. Pull-up resistors may also be used at the interface between two different types of logic devices, possibly operating at different power supply voltages. The idea of a pullup resistor is that it weakly "pulls" the voltage of the wire it's connected to towards 5V (or whatever voltage represents a logic "high"). However, the resistor is intentionally weak (highresistance) enough that, if something else strongly pulls the wire toward 0V, the wire will go to 0V. Transponder: An automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency (see also broadcast translator). Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at extremely low temperatures, characterized by exactly zero electrical resistance and the exclusion of the interior magnetic field. The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as the temperature is lowered. However, in ordinary conductors such as copper and silver, impurities and other defects impose a lower limit. Even near absolute zero a real sample of copper shows a non-zero resistance. The resistance of a superconductor, on the other hand, drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its "critical temperature". An electric current flowing in a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.

Qn paper 7: basics

1. Flip flops and their working. 2. Differentiate between flip-flops and latches. 3. What is totem pole? 4. Mode of transmission of TV signals. 5. Internal circuit of a microprocessor is it analog or digital? 6. Parts of a microprocessor. 7. What is a bit? What is CMOS? 8. What is the bandwidth of FM? 9. As an electronics engineer, how would you distinguish between paper money and digital money? 10. What is modem? Draw its internal diagram. 11. Obtain a square wave from a sine wave form Zener diodes.

12. What is difference between oscillation and multivibrator? 13. What is blue tooth and WAP? 14. What are trappatt arid impatt diodes? 15. What is emitter follower? 16. Electromagnetic equations in the order of discovery. 17. Find the transfer function of a given RLC circuit. 18. What happens when you type user-name and password while logging on to a UNIX system? 19. Draw the circuit for an adder using NAND gates. 20. Explain internal organization of memory chips. 21. What are the different types of control systems? 22. Explain open loop with block diagram examples. 23. What are the advantages of closed loop? 24. How can you design a stable system? 25. Explain different stability criteria. 26. Explain Ruthz-Hervitz rule in one sentence. 27. What are poles and their significance? 28. Is there any control system in this room (interview hall)? 29. What is Karnaugh map? 30. What are the 4 methods to reduce a Boolean? 31. Draw 8086 internal architecture. 32. What are the different types of buses? 33. What are the different registers in CPU? 34. What is the use of segment register? 35. Which is the 1st 32-bit microprocessor? 36. What are the different UPS? 37. Compare 8086 and 80286. 38. Internal architecture of 8086. 39. What do you know about antennas? 40. Define control system. Why are control systems so important? 41. Draw the block diagram of a control system and write its transfer function. 42. What is ROC? 43. Transformation between S and Z plane. 44. What is wave studio? 45. What is bit rate? 46. What is the difference between mp3 and wave formats? 47. What is sampling? 48. How do you damp noises and jerks in recording? 49. What is Winamp? 50. What are plugins? 51. What are skins? 52. What is the difference between input and output plugins? 53. What do you know about CD writing? 54. How do you mix BGM? What is its procedure? 55. What is bus? 56. What do you mean by 20-bit address bus? 57. What is the ideal gain of an opamp? 58. What is a database? 59. What is the database software that is proprietary of IBM?

60. What is the difference between half adder and full adder? 61. Implement a half adder and a full adder. 62. What is packet switching and circuit switching? 63. What is VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)? 64. What types of communications do you know? 65. Types of digital communication. 66. Structure of MOSFET where and why they are preferred. 67. How is amplification possible in a transistor? 68. Classify power amplifiers (A, B, AB). 69. Basics of doping in SC. 70. Describe DMA controllers. 71. What is the protocol used in telephone network? 72. Types of switching. 73. How many microprocessors are there in 8086? 74. What is the most important advantage of blue tooth? 75. Which is the universal flip-flop? 76. What are interrupts? How will you set an interrupt? 77. What is Dynamic Memory Access? 78. What is SRAM, DRAM? Compare the two, relative cost of the two. 79. What will happen in case of a power failure for the above? 80. What is modulation? What are the different modulation techniques? 81. What is FM, PM and AM? Compare the three and what happens in them? 82. Which waves will travel longer distance FM or AM? 83. What is a thyristor? Differentiate between thyristor and diode. 84. Switching action of SCR and triggering. 85. Draw the diagram of thyristor. 86. Advantage of CMOS and TTL. 87. What technology is used in cmos logic? 88. What are VLSI and ULSI? What is the number of components in both? 89. How many components are there in the Pentium processor that we use? 90. Which is the latest Pentium processor? What is its speed? 91. The technology used in the manufacture of Pentium processor. 92. Design a decade counter. 93. Explain asynchronous and synchronous counter. 94. Minimize function using Quine McCluskey: f = xy + xy + yz + x y z. 95. What is a prime implicant? 96. How does a diode look (internally)? Explain working using internal diagram. 97. Explain processes taking place in the depletion junction of a forward biased diode. 98. What is an op amp? 99. What is a buffer? what is the gain of a buffer? 100. What is an oscillator? 101. How do you forward bias a transistor? 102. What are the practical applications of transistors? 103. What is reverse recovery time and how does it affect a diode? 104. What is a compiler? 105. How can you test a compiler with certain boundary conditions? 106. What is VHDL? 107. What is FSF? What do you know about it? Any current relevance?

108. Differentiate between open loop and closed loop control systems?Draw and explain the working of a monostable vibrator using op-amp. 109. State Thevenins theorem and Nortons theorem. What is their application? 110. What is the mathematics used in DSP and from which domain to which domain is converted? 111. Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor. 112. Draw an internal block diagram of a normal voltage stabilizer. 113. What is a reference variable? 114. Volume control in TV is logarithmic. Why? 115. Does MATLAB have an interpreter or a compiler? 116. What do you know about segmentation of memory in 8086? 117. What is virtual memory? 118. Differentiate between macros and functions in C. 119. Significance of electromagnetic interference in PCBs and computer boards. 120. What are the various pin connections to peripherals, memory and interrupts? 121. Draw a rough diagram of a mother board using 8086 with relevant connections. 122. What is the tri-state or high impedance state? 123. What are the differences between open collector output and totem pole output? 124. Find the highest clocking frequency of a digital circuit given the rise time, fall time and propagation delay? 125. Implement Boolean expression using MUX (2 to 4, 3 to 8 etc). 126. Draw the state graphs of a given problem like sequence generator, flip flops etc. 127. Why is the accumulator called so? 128. How can we implement a stack? 129. Construct a D flip flop from a T flip flop. 130. What is virtual ground in an opamp? 131. Why is uplinking frequency higher than down linking frequency? 132. Explain the booting procedure of a computer? 133. Explain the booting procedure of a computer? 134. What is round robin technique of interrupt arbitration? 135. What is avalanche breakdown? When does it occur? 136. Explain the operation of a zener diode.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Semiconductor devices and circuits: