The California ground squirrel must constantly balance the conflicting demands of self-preservation and predator assessment.

Because predator assessment requires a fairly high degree of proximity and sensory contact, the ground squirrel can only safely assess predators from whom there is little to no immediate threat. For example, when avian predators, including the red-tailed hawk and golden eagle, launch sudden, unexpected aerial attacks, self-preservation must take precedence over the acquisition of knowledge. Rattlesnakes, on the other hand, pose relatively little immediate danger, and give the squirrel the greatest opportunity for predator assessment. Predator assessment might normally be hampered by the inherent danger of the rattlesnake's lethal bite. But while squirrels constitute almost 70 percent of the rattlesnake's diet, adult ground squirrels are all but immune to rattlesnakes. Rattlesnakes hunt slowly and stalk their prey, in marked contrast to sudden avian attacks. And even though a rattlesnake's strike is fast, the ground squirrel can move much faster. More important, any danger posed by a snakebite is mitigated by proteins in the squirrel's blood that confer resistance to rattlesnake venom. Adult ground squirrels will generally survive a rattlesnake bite that could prove lethal to a grown human. Indeed, it is the squirrel pups that are most susceptible to rattlesnake bites, because their smaller bodies cannot neutralize a full bite's worth of venom. This innate resistance allows the ground squirrel to change the dynamic of the traditional predator-prey relationship and approach the rattlesnake in an effort to acquire useful information regarding size and body temperature. Larger snakes, which deliver more venom per strike, are naturally more dangerous, as are warmer snakes, which can strike faster, from a greater distance, and with greater accuracy. Visual cues can be helpful, but the squirrel is often hampered by the

surrounding vegetation and darkness of burrows. Auditory cues are generally more reliable. For this reason, the ground squirrel will engage in tail-flagging, sand-kicking, and substrate-throwing in an attempt to put the snake on the defensive, and coax the snake into rattling its tail. The sound of a particular snake's rattle "leaks" information about the snake's size and body temperature. Not only does this information allow the squirrel to accurately assess the surrounding danger to itself and its pups, but it also allows the squirrel to communicate this danger (or lack thereof) to other squirrels by additional tail-flagging. 1. Which of the following can most reasonably be concluded about adult ground squirrels on the basis of the passage? A. They are found exclusively in California. B. They have always been immune to rattlesnake venom. C. They are sometimes vulnerable to a rattlesnake's venom. D. They generally stay away from rattlesnakes in order to protect their young. E. They have only avian and reptilian predators.

2. According to the passage, the adult ground squirrel generally does NOT engage in which of the following? A. The self-application of snake scent B. Acquisition of knowledge regarding a rattlesnake's size C. Biting rattlesnakes D. Large-scale assessment of avian predators E. Communication with other adult ground squirrels

3. The author mentions the hunting method of rattlesnakes in order to A. show how the rattlesnake can sneak up on a ground squirrel engaged in predator assessment. B. give an example of an attack against which the adult ground squirrel must defend itself in order to survive. C. explain why 70 percent of squirrels are eaten by rattlesnakes. D. show how the rattlesnake is different from the red-tailed hawk and golden eagle. E. provide a secondary explanation for the adult California ground squirrel's ability to safely approach the rattlesnake.

4. The passage suggests which of the following about predatorprey relationships? A. They only allow for predator assessment when there is no danger from the predator. B. They often do not allow for a high degree of predator assessment. C. They are fairly traditional in their resistance to evolution. D. They tend to minimize the predator-prey proximity. E. They are the same regardless of the species in question.

Researchers have found that obese children generally come from families in which one or both parents and at least one sibling are also obese. To eliminate childhood obesity, researchers recommend educating such families on the basics of proper diet and exercise. 5. Which of the following is an assumption on which the researchers' recommendation depends? A. The rate of childhood obesity has risen in the last decade. B. Children who are obese do not eat healthy foods or exercise. C. Genetic causes of obesity are not primarily responsible for the incidence of childhood obesity. D. Childhood obesity is very unhealthy and shortens life expectancy. E. All siblings are likely to be obese if both parents are obese.

In 1901, an assortment of artifacts was recovered from a 2,000year-old shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea. Among them were calcified clumps of corroded bronze that proved to be fragments of an ancient astronomical device, a device now referred to as the Antikythera mechanism. When archaeologists removed the corroded material, they uncovered not only gears and dials but also an inscription that allowed them to date the mechanism to the first century B.C. At first this inscription appeared unsurprising, given the historical timeline of Greek navigation as well as the site of the artifact's discovery. Had it not been for the complexity of the artifact's gear system, archaeologists would have had every reason to misjudge the significance of this find. However, there was clear physical indication that a gear tooth was missing from one part of the device and that the mechanism had been mended in another place; the mechanical knowledge required to create and maintain such an instrument far exceeded what had been credited to the Greeks, based on ancient Greek texts, at the time of the shipwreck. Over a century later, archaeologists used X-ray tomography to aid their analysis. This technique enabled them to penetrate the corrosion and expose more of the inscriptions, to create digital images of the device, and ultimately to reconstruct a threedimensional model that showed the position of the gears. The analysis appeared to confirm not only the original hypothesis that the Antikythera mechanism was some sort of astronomical device but also that the ancient Greeks had knowledge of clock-making techniques and had used the mechanism as a rudimentary computer to make eclipse predictions and record an anomaly of the moon's motion. 6. The passage suggests that the Antikythera mechanism is significant because it

A. indicated that scholars may have misinterpreted other information in Greek texts B. confirmed that the dating of other shipwreck artifacts may be imprecise C. suggested that the timeline of ancient Greek technological innovation needed revision D. exposed the sophistication of ancient Greek navigational techniques E. raised the question of whether the artifact was produced by the Greeks or acquired by them

7. The author most likely mentions the mending of the Antikythera mechanism in order to A. accuse archeologists of fabricating evidence B. explain why archeologists were able to deduce the state of ancient Greek technology C. stress the effectiveness of the technology used to reconstruct the artifact D. explain why archaeologists initially failed to recognize the importance of the discovery E. suggest that further analysis of the artifact may yield important results

8. According to the passage, which of the following proved most vital to uncovering the function of the Antikythera mechanism? A. Realizing that the mechanism had been mended B. Reconstructing missing parts C. Making the mechanism operational D. Reinterpreting ancient texts about mechanics E. Interpreting the inscriptions

One strategy for curbing the use of illegal drugs is to combine aggressive interdiction of drug imports with an aggressive prosecution of drug traffickers. Advocates of this strategy argue that reducing the supply of a drug will reduce its use. Our experience with cocaine shows the limits of this argument. As interdiction made cocaine scarcer and more expensive, the property crime and violence associated with the cocaine trade actually increased. Eventually, demand for cocaine did decline, but it was replaced by demand for substitutes such as methamphetamine. If we wish to reduce rather than displace the harms associated with street drugs, we must reduce the demand rather than the supply. 9. The two boldfaced statements serve what roles in the argument above? A. The first is the main point of the argument; the second supports that point. B. The first cites evidence contrary to the main point of the argument; the second refutes that evidence. C. The first cites evidence contrary to the main point of the argument; the second cites evidence in favor of the main point. D. The first refutes an approach; the second describes that approach. E. The first refutes an approach; the second urges an alternative approach.

Although conducted decades ago, two important studies, one grounded in psychology and the other in sociology, have provided valuable and lasting insights into the phenomenon of rumor transmission. The research, performed by psychologists, linked rumors and their distribution to the presence of anxiety, while the study, based in sociology, focused on communication dynamics and rumor patterns in groups. Both of these early studies concluded that rumors are typically created in an attempt to assign meaning to situations that are clouded by uncertainty. In response to feelings of insecurity, each recipient of a rumor may unconsciously alter it to reflect a personal worldview. While the most definitive of the early rumor studies relied on the serial reproduction paradigm, a communication model that presumes a one-way transmission of messages and neglects to consider subtle changes in meaning that arise from face-toface interactions, the fundamental theories of the early research are supported by more recent studies. Current psychologybased theories contend that rumors are inherently negative, heightening the anxiety of the recipients and thus keeping the rumors alive. The longevity of the rumor appears to be directly proportional to the anxiety that accompanies it, and, in the absence of clear facts, recipients often contribute to that anxiety by filling in the absence with assumptions. Newer studies also involve Internet technology, which enables scholars to track the transmission of rumors through online discussions and chat rooms, where the patterns of group communication mimic those in society. This facilitates the study of rumors as a form of communication and will likely provide further sociology-based insights in this field. 10. Proponents of psychology-based theories about rumors would probably consider which of the following examples to be most similar to a rumor?

A. a literary biography that also recounts notable legends surrounding the biography's subject B. an unpublished research study written by multiple authors C. a newspaper article that contains controversial data D. a student term paper that includes citations to unreliable source materials E. a letter of complaint with exaggerated claims and accusations

11. The passage implies which of the following about the use of Internet technology to study rumors? A. Researchers may spread rumors in chat rooms and other online discussions. B. The Internet allows researchers to better coordinate their efforts. C. Use of Internet technology will allow researchers to better understand group communication that is not Webbased D. Internet technology will allow researchers to pioneer the study of rumors from a sociological perspective. E. Rumors spread differently online than they do through face-to-face interaction.

12. The author mentions the serial reproduction paradigm in order to A. contend that early research in this field of study was not comprehensive B. argue that simplified models tend to yield incorrect results C. contrast the value of the model in theory to its ineffectiveness in practice D. point out that the model was used in a study that confirmed long-held theories. E. describe how one-way communication of a message changes its meaning

13. As genetics researchers achieve greater success in their attempt to map the exact locations and functions of human genes, the close connection between genes and birth defects has become increasingly clear. A. close connection between genes and birth defects has become B. closeness of the connection between genes and birth defects has become C. close connection genes have with birth defects has been becoming D. close connection between genes and birth defects has been becoming E. close connection between genes and birth defects becomes

African exploration in the late nineteenth century is almost entirely a story of white males: scientists, traders and missionaries. Mary Henrietta Kingsley stands out as an exception. Ostensibly, Kingsley planned her first trip to Africa so she could conduct research on fetishes and complete the academic treatise her father, an explorer, had begun. Privately, Kingsley told a friend she was traveling to Africa "to die," though she had dreamt of such an adventure since childhood. Nevertheless, she prepared for the trip carefully, interviewing friends, doctors, missionaries, and former explorers, all of whom advised her not to make the trek. Kingsley was undaunted and set off for West Africa carrying only £300, and chemicals and specimen cases designed to collect samples of unknown fish and insects for the British Museum. Kingsley sailed the coast, finally putting in at the mouth of the Congo. Recognizing that the natives were naturally suspicious of Europeans traveling without an obvious purpose, Kingsley purchased cloth and other goods in the port and traveled inland for six months as a trader, exchanging goods for food and shelter along the way. During this and her second trip in 1895, Kingsley demonstrated resourcefulness in dealing with such challenges as rescuing a native from cannibals, defeating a leopard with a bucket of water, learning to pilot a native canoe up the Ogooue River, and becoming the first white woman and third "Englishman" to climb the 14,435 foot Mount Cameroon. Upon her return to London, Kingsley campaigned for an enlightened African policy, published her bookTravels in West Africa and advocated a forum for the serious ethnological study of Africa. Kingsley's third trip was to Cape Town during the 1900 Boer War. There she encountered an epidemic of dysentery, volunteered to nurse prisoners of war, contracted typhoid, and died.

14. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To demonstrate that even the most seasoned African explorers are at risk due to disease. B. To outline the early history of African exploration. C. To establish the need for a more tolerant colonial policy in 19
th

century England.

D. To discuss the achievements of one female explorer. E. To argue that the contributions made by women explorers in Africa were as important as those made by men.

15. The author suggests that Mary Kingsley may have gone to Africa for each of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. to serve as an Anglican missionary B. to complete her father's fetish research C. to fulfill a childhood dream D. to collect specimens of fish and insects for the British Museum E. to die

16. Mary Kingsley's reason for purchasing cloth and other supplies at the mouth of the Congo was: A. to be able to trade for food and shelter along the way B. to earn extra money to finance her trip C. to assuage the natives' concerns over her motives D. to acquire examples of fetish sculptures for her father's research E. to acquaint the natives with European goods

17. Why does the author insert the anecdotes about Kingsley's travels in paragraph three? A. To show that she was not afraid of wild beasts. B. To compare the obstacles faced by female travelers with those faced by male explorers of the day. C. To entice you into reading Kinsley's best-selling book Travels in West Africa. D. To emphasize the dangers Mary faced in her travels. E. To illustrate Kingsley's ability to conquer a variety of challenges.

Mortgage-backed Securities The worldwide macroeconomic recession of 2008-09 is widely believed to have been sparked by the widespread use of mortgage-backed securities. These securities, part of a broader class of investments known as derivatives, consist of groups of home mortgages that have been packaged together and sold in lots. Dividends on the investment come from mortgage repayment (with interest), and the price of the investment reflects the expected rate of forfeiture on those mortgages. In predictable economic times, mortgage-backed securities are often attractive and generally safe as investments. However, by 2008, mortgage-backed securities had become so popular that they destroyed the very mortgage market from which they were derived. Since mortgage lenders started making loans with the explicit intent of bundling and selling them, the lenders no longer had an incentive to minimise the riskiness of the loans. Since early mortgage-backed securities - which had been made to creditworthy borrowers - performed well, demand for the securities increased, and lenders had to close more and more mortgage loans to be able to satisfy the demand for the securities. As a result, large numbers of loans were made to increasingly poor credit risks. In addition, lenders made the loans themselves increasingly risky and exotic, with features like variable interest rates, 'balloon' payments, and negative amortisation, which allowed the average borrower a larger mortgage. In short, the design of the average loan became more risky, at a time when lesscreditworthy borrowers were being given more credit. Finally, the easy mortgage credit drove up the demand for housing, which increased real estate prices beyond natural levels. The predictable outcome came in 2008. As the payments on variable mortgages adjusted upward and 'balloon' payments came due, a growing number of homeowners could no longer

afford their payments, so foreclosures escalated. With higherthan-expected foreclosure rates, returns on mortgage-backed securities plummeted, and many large financial firms that had exposure in this market failed. This drove up unemployment, which in turn drove down consumer spending. In dramatic fashion, the interplay of incentives and their consequences was once again revealed. 18. Increased demand for housing led to an increase in demand for mortgage loans in the early 21 century. A. True B. False C. Can't tell
st

19. Any time demand for a financial product rises relative to its supply, the price of that product increases. A. True B. False C. Can't tell

20. Derivatives are inherently more risky than other types of investments. A. True B. False C. Can't tell

21. Mortgage lenders who make loans with the intent of retaining their ownership are incited to make minimally risky loans. A. True B. False C. Can't tell

When James and Miranda disagree about what movie to see, whoever gets to choose the movie also buys dinner. Last night James and Miranda saw Movie X, James's choice, but he did not buy dinner. Therefore, Miranda must have agreed to see Movie X. 22. Which of the following most closely mimics the reasoning used in the argument above? A. When Carol and Burt sing together, Carol chooses the songs. Last week Burt chose some songs, so he and Carol did not sing together last week. B. If Joe writes songs for a band, that band will play both reggae and punk. The band The Mescaleros play both reggae and punk. Therefore, Joe writes songs for them. C. Students who major in philosophy will take at least two formal logic classes. Dwayne majored in history, so he took at most one formal logic class. D. If Layla enrolls in a class and does not enjoy it, she drops the class. Last semester Layla enrolled in organic chemistry and did not drop it. Therefore, Layla enjoyed organic chemistry. E. If the Daily Planet and the Daily Bugle cooperate on a story, then Clark reports and Peter photographs. For a recent story, Clark reported, but Peter did not photograph. Therefore, only one of the papers covered the story.

23. Of all the possible threats that affect American national security, the possibility of electromagnetic attack is maybe the more difficult for analysis. A. is maybe the more difficult for analysis B. is probably the most difficult to analyze C. is maybe the most difficult for analysis D. is probably the more difficult to analyze E. is, it may be, the analysis that is most difficult

24. One reason some particle physicists are switching to astronomy late in their careers is that they tire of spending years constructing environments in which they can conduct experiments; astronomers have an infinite and ready-made supply of environments at their disposal. A. One reason some particle physicists are switching to astronomy late in their careers is that they tire of spending years constructing environments in which they can conduct experiments; astronomers have an infinite and ready-made supply of environments at their disposal B. Late in their careers, one reason that some particle physicists are switching to astronomy is suggested by the fact that particle physicists must spend years constructing environments in which they can conduct experiments, while astronomers have an infinite and ready-made supply of environments at their disposal C. Late in their careers, one reason that some particle physicists are switching to astronomy is suggested by the fact that particle physicists must spend years constructing environments in which they can conduct experiments, while an infinite and ready-made supply of environments is at the disposal of astronomers D. The fact that particle physicists must spend years constructing environments in which they can conduct experiments while astronomers have an infinite and readymade supply of environments at their disposal is one reason, late in their careers, some particle physicists are switching to astronomy E. The existence of an infinite and ready-made supply of environments at the disposal of astronomers compared with the fact that particle physicists must spend years constructing environments in which they can conduct experiments suggests one reason some particle physicists are switching to astronomy late in their careers

25. Perhaps the most significant medical breakthrough of the twenties, the real story behind the isolation of insulin was not revealed for over fifty years. A. Perhaps the most significant medical breakthrough of the twenties, the real story behind the isolation of insulin was not revealed for over fifty years B. The real story behind the isolation of insulin was not revealed for over fifty years, even though it was perhaps the most significant medical breakthrough of the twenties C. Although the isolation of insulin was perhaps the most significant medical breakthrough of the twenties, the real story behind it was not revealed for over fifty years D. The real story behind the isolation of insulin was not revealed for over fifty years, although insulin was perhaps the most significant medical breakthrough of the twenties E. Although insulin was perhaps the most significant medical breakthrough of the twenties, its isolation was not revealed for over fifty years

Prices paid for advertisements during the Super Bowl have reached new heights and are on track to rise even highershattering previous record highs over the course of the decade. Advertisers have always paid a premium for the annual event's coveted 30-second spots, the price for just one of which has risen from as much as $2.5 million in 2006 to $3 million in 2011. This increase has been constant, even though overall advertising rates are, if anything, on the decline. While many viewers tune in as much for the famously entertaining commercials as for the game itself, the underlying reason for the astounding rise in costs for Super Bowl spots is tied to the cause of TV advertising's industry-wide decline. Digital video recording devices (DVRs) allow viewers to record shows for later viewing. Their increasing use leads to fewer commercials actually being viewed. When viewers do sit down to watch the recorded program, they often either speed through the commercials or edit them out entirely. However, few people are interested in catching a sporting event a day or two after it happens, and the vast majority of viewers watch them live. The result is that the NFL's flagship game may be one of the last events that advertisers can regularly count on getting their products in front of millions of viewers. 26. According to the passage, Super Bowl advertising rates do not mirror the overall decline in advertising rates primarily because A. the effort put into spots that cost millions produces highly effective commercials B. viewers are drawn to the advertisements themselves C. some DVR brands cannot be programmed to edit out commercials from sporting events D. many viewers who would normally record shows watch sporting events live E. millions of people watch the game

27. It can be inferred from this passage that A. as more and more people use DVRs, Super Bowl ad rates will continue to climb B. over the last decade, viewership for the Super Bowl has risen dramatically C. the actual Super Bowl games are never as entertaining as the ads that promote them D. the rates for television advertising during any sporting event have been rising E. as more people ultimately choose to record and watch shows later, Super Bowl ad prices will begin to drop

28. According to the passage, which of the following costs $3 million? A. any form of advertising connected with the Super Bowl B. the total ad revenue for the 2011 Super Bowl C. the right to bid on Super Bowl advertisements D. overall ticket sales for the last Super Bowl E. the 2011 cost of a 30-second ad spot on the Super Bowl

Numerous studies of chemotherapy patients over the last ten years have shown that patients who had regularly attended support groups or received counseling experienced significantly fewer side effects and shorter recovery times from chemotherapy than did patients who had not. Clearly, although the mainstream scientific community has been slow to acknowledge it, psychological support has an effect on the body's ability to heal. 29. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above? A. The survival rates for chemotherapy patients in the study were virtually identical regardless of whether or not they received support. B. The patients who did not attend support groups chose not to do so, even though they were healthy enough to attend. C. Many medical doctors believe that the mind plays a role in the causation and prevention of illness. D. The majority of chemotherapy patients must undergo more than one round of treatment. E. Some hospitals do not conduct support groups on their premises for chemotherapy patients and their families.

Scientists at MIT, in collaboration with invested corporate research and development teams, may have found a way to develop robots for household and other complex tasks. MIT researchers have combined two commonly recognized robotic models-those robots capable of task planning and those capable of geometric planning. Task planners can decide autonomously what task needs to be accomplished but are unable to successfully navigate through a field of obstacles to successfully execute that task. Geometric planners, on the other hand, can negotiate obstacles and maneuver a robot to perform a task but are unable to decide what goals should be pursued. Until recently, executing both of these missions was simply too much for an onboard computer to handle. Now, by innovatively "chunking" information into useful bits and dividing out simple tasks from complex ones, MIT scientists believe they may be able to reduce the computational workload and combine both of these functions into one robot's capabilities, making autonomous household helpers-and the burgeoning industry that the invested corporations hope would follow-a reality. 30. The passage suggests that which of the following describes an obstacle that has prevented the development of robots able to handle complex household tasks? A. a lack of funding from the business community B. limits on how much computation a given computer can perform C. the difficulty of creating devices that can navigate complex spaces D. inability to develop computer programs that map out involved tasks E. insufficient battery life to keep robots in operation

31. It can be inferred from this passage that corporations that have invested in the work of the MIT scientists have done so because A. together they could revolutionize the way in which robots and humans relate B. investment in scientific institutions inevitably leads to new and marketable products C. universities on their own have insufficient funds to achieve significant results D. business is just as interested in the development of pure science as universities are E. a functional household robot would spawn a new and potentially lucrative industry

32. According to the passage, which term describes the ability of a robot to navigate through a field of obstacles? A. geometric planning B. computational overload C. task planning D. autonomy E. onboard computer

33. Popular child psychologists have advocated that parents discipline male children similarly to the fashion in which they discipline daughters. A. similarly to the fashion in which they discipline B. in the same manner that they would use with C. like they would handle D. as they discipline E. as they would

34. Formulas for gross domestic product and trade balance do not apply to small, emergent economies in the same way they apply to established economies, because they are developing and are not in equilibrium. A. Formulas for gross domestic product and trade balance do not apply to small, emergent economies in the same way they apply to established economies, because they are developing and are not in equilibrium B. Because they are developing and are not in equilibrium, formulas for gross domestic product and trade balance do not apply to small, emergent economies in the same way they apply to established economies C. Because they are developing and are not in equilibrium, small, emergent economies are not subject to the same applicability of formulas for gross domestic product and trade balance as established economies D. Because small, emergent economies are developing and are not in equilibrium, formulas for gross domestic product and trade balance do not apply to them in the same way they apply to established economies E. Small, emergent economies are not subject to the applicability of formulas for gross domestic product and trade balance in the same way as established economies, because they are developing and are not in equilibrium

The word shrimp has come to be synonymous with small, but that meaning could hardly be applied to the two-foot-long ocean fossil recently discovered in southeastern Morocco. Known as an anomalocaridid, this prehistoric specimen, which looks like a shrimp or a cuttlefish, was far larger than any previous examples of similar fossils. Another unexpected physical feature was revealed by close examination: the fossil had a circular, sphincter-like mouth surrounded by knife-like blades. But more remarkable than the fossil's unusual size or physical features was its age. Scientists had thought that the anomalocaridid, which once dominated Earth's oceans, became extinct approximately 510 million years ago. The analysis of the Moroccan specimen, however, dates back to the Ordovician period, about 488 to 472 million years ago. That means that the creature lived some 30 million years after the point it was thought to have become extinct. The most likely reason that the previous estimates were mistaken is a lack of evidence. As is often the case with softbodied creatures, anomalocaridids were unlikely to form fossils, as their soft tissue would disintegrate long before fossils could form. Therefore, the fossil record tends to be filled with trilobites and other hard-shelled animals rather than soft-shelled creatures like the anomalocaridid. At some point, however, a sediment cloud must have enveloped this particular anomalocaridid, causing it to fossilize and allowing this brilliant example to survive. 35. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an unusual or unexpected feature of the fossilized anomalocaridid? A. its mouth structure B. its age C. its survival as a fossil D. its resemblance to a cuttlefish

E. its size

36. According to the passage, which of the following factors most likely enabled the anomalocaridid fossil to form? A. exposure on the sea bed allowing access to hardshelled animals B. a cloud of sediment that prevented tissue disintegration C. enormous pressure that squeezed its body flat D. molten lava that encased the animal in a bed of rock E. its hard shell that survived after its soft tissues disintegrated

37. It can be inferred from this passage that A. previous anomalocaridid fossils did not show any signs of a circular mouth with blade-like teeth B. scientists had not previously searched Morocco for traces of prehistoric creatures C. anomalocaridids eventually evolved into what we know as shrimp D. prehistoric seas were populated by more hard-shelled creatures than soft-bodied ones E. the anomalocaridid went extinct far earlier than previously believed