Hawaii 2011 Our Quality of Life

SPECIAL REPORT
OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

Six challenges facing our state and the path forward
HAWAII 2011
HAWAII 2011 | OUR SPONSORS
Aloha,
As we move into 2011, the Hawaiian Electric family of companies is encouraged by the strides we are all making in greening our environment and our economy. As a community, weve recognized the need to break our addiction to imported oil, which threatens our environment, our economy and our energy security. Across Hawaii, we are using energy more efficiently and making major progress in using the sun, wind, biofuels and other sources of clean energy. Hawaii is leading the world in this transformation. All of us in Hawaii should be proud of our accomplishments and confident in our ability to meet the challenges ahead. Thank you, Peter Ho Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer
BANK OF HAWAII
Hawaii has been enriched by generations of forward-thinking businesses and individuals that have worked tirelessly to improve local communities across our state. As we enter a decade of unprecedented change, it is imperative that we continue to build upon opportunities that are sensitive to Hawaiis unique culture and environment. The Island Insurance Foundation is proud to support Hawaii 2011: Our Quality of Life report and its comprehensive discussion of six issues critical to our future. We appreciate the efforts of those involved in this important study as we look to advance our understanding of Hawaiis most pressing concerns and work together for a brighter tomorrow. Sincerely,
Hawaii is a very special place, and we all share responsibility for the wellbeing and vitality of our island state. Bank of Hawaii is proud to sponsor Hawaii Business magazines inaugural report on the health of our communities. Hawaii 2011 presents timely data and information on six critical statewide social issues that affect our quality of life. Most importantly, it includes suggested actions by individuals and organizations to help move our communities forward. We hope youll find this report a useful resource. It challenges us all to become even more involved in helping to build a brighter future for Hawaii. Mahalo,
Congratulations to Hawaii Business, Aloha United Way, and other participants in this state of the community report. As we begin another year, its important that we look forward to building strong, healthy and safe communities for ourselves and future generations. We all have a stake in continuing to make Hawaii a special place. As Hawaiis most experienced health plan, HMSA is proud to support the efforts of this project and to work with our community partners in creating positive change in Hawaii. I encourage you all to take personal responsibility in your lives, families and communities so we can continue to make a difference. Mahalo,
Richard M. Rosenblum President & Chief Executive Officer

HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC CO.
Colbert M. Matsumoto Chairman & Chief Executive Officer

ISLAND INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD.
Robert P. Hiam President and Chief Executive Officer

HMSA
HAWAII 2011: OUR QUALITY OF LIFE
HAWAII 2011 | INTRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING HAWAII, THEN ACTING TO IMPROVE OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

Building a better future for Hawaii begins with a clear understanding of who we are and where we stand our vital strengths and crippling weaknesses. This report provides key parts of that information and offers sensible ways to build on our successes and overcome obstacles. There is much to celebrate both when we compare Hawaii to America as a whole, and when we compare ourselves to our recent past. But these pages do not hide our failures. This report focuses on six crucial challenges for Hawaii: the economy, health, education, the environment, housing and homelessness, and crime and communities. We offer statistics, personal stories and ways forward. This would have been impossible without the energetic help of the Center on the Family at the University of HawaiiManoa. The center collected hundreds of sets of statistics from dozens of sources locally and nationally. We are especially grateful for the hard work of researcher Sarah Yuan. We also collected information from many other sources. Special thanks to Kathleen Baker of the state Department of Health for updating statistics for us. We are equally grateful to our sponsors. Their generous donations made this report possible and ensured that it will reach tens of thousands of key decision-makers and ordinary people, in print and online. We have put all of the data online at hawaiibusiness.com/Hawaii2011 and will add more information as resources permit. The website also offers anyone a chance to contribute their own information and solutions. Please read the report, consider its implications and then take action. Our future depends on you.
OUR OVERALL QUALITY OF LIFE

Using dozens of measures, UHs Center on the Family compared Hawaiis current quality of life to the U.S. average and to our recent past.
COMPARED TO NATION
Hawaii scored better than the U.S. average in four quality of life areas, and worse in another. Education matched the U.S. average:
U.S. AVERAGE Worse Better ECONOMY EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT HEALTH
HOUSING/TRANSPORT.* CRIME/COMMUNITIES
SUMMARY SCORE
-.25 0 .25 .5 .75 1 2009 INDEX
HAWAII: NOW VS. 2000

Hawaii has improved in four areas during the past decade, but our health score has fallen. Housing/transportation was unchanged:
U.S. AVERAGE Worse Better ECONOMY EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT HEALTH
Thank you,
HOUSING/TRANSPORT.* CRIME/COMMUNITIES
Steve Petranik
EDITOR
Beverly Creamer
REPORTER
Jen Tadaki Catanzariti

DESIGNER
-.25 0 .25 .5 .75 1 2009 INDEX * Transportation statistics are part of these indices but not included in the overall Hawaii 2011 report.
SUMMARY SCORE
CONTENTS
OUR SOURCES MORE INFO
Go to hawaii business.com/ hawaii2011 for more information and links on how to take action.
Sources for our information are cited throughout the report. Where no source is give, we received the data from UHs Center on the Family. The center gathered its information from many sources, including the U.S. Census; the American Community Survey; state department reports; the Federal Bureau of Investigations crime statistics; the Hawaii Department of the Attorney Generals report on Crime in Hawaii; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the federal Environmental Protection Agency. In all cases, the data are the most recent available as we went to production.
Population .............................4 Economy ................................6 Education ............................ 12 Health .................................. 18 Housing ............................... 21 Crime & Communities ........ 24 Environment & Energy ....... 28

HAWAII HONOLULU KAUAI MAUI STATE TOTAL
gender male female
HAWAII 2011 | POPULATION

Percentage of state population in different categories
gender male female
HAWAIIS PEOPLE
2000 148,677 876,156 58,463 128,241 1,211,537 2009 177,835 907,574 64,529 145,240 1,295,178
The U.S. Census Bureau estimated Hawaiis population at 1,295,178 in 2009. Here are the bureaus estimates for each countys population:
0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
age years years years years years years years years
ethnicity/race* caucasian hawaiian chinese filipino japanese part hawaiian
10
20
30
40
50
60
Honolulu County's population

gender male female
Hawaii County's population
0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
Kauai Countys population

gender male female gender male female
Maui Countys population
0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey 2005-2009 *All ethnic categories are single race, except for Part Hawaiian, which includes Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders with one or more other races.
HAWAII 2011 | POPULATION

Who's Married and Who's Not Males 15 and over Widowed 2.2% Separated 1.2% Never married 36.1% Separated 1.5% Now married 52.4%
Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey 2005-2009
Females 15 and over Divorced 10.3% Widowed 10.1% Never married 27%
Divorced 8.1%
Now married 51.1%
Household income in Hawaii, 2009 <$10,000 $10,000 - $14,999 $15,000 - $24,999 $25,000 - $34,999 $35,000 - $49,999 $50,000 - $74,999 $75,000 - $99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 $150,000 - $199,999 >$200,000
0
Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey 2005-2009
10
15
20
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE STATE
Household Size Six 3.3% Seven 2% Eight + 1.6%
Type of Households One Adult with Kids 2.1%
Five 7.3%
One 23.5% Four 14%
Adults with Kids 26.1%
One Adult No Kids 23.5%
Three 15.9%
Source: State Dept. of Health, Hawaii Health Survey 2009
Two 32.4%
Adults No Kids 48.3%
HAWAII 2011 | ECONOMY
Louis Smith will soon finish his training as an air-conditioning and refrigeration mechanic at Honolulu Community College.
Hawaiis household income has grown substantially since 2000, but those gains have been more than eaten up by inflation, leaving the average family a little further behind. Fewer children are living in poverty now and our unemployment rate remains much lower than the national average, but the cost of living in Honolulu a barometer for the whole state remains one of Americas highest, topped only by New York City.
HELP WANTED: MORE SKILLED WORKERS

For Hawaiis economy to succeed, it needs more skilled workers like Joseph Doyle. The 31-year-old single father of three boys is halfway through a two-year program at Honolulu Community College that is training him to be a skilled welder. Doyle was squeezing odd jobs like tinting windows between work as a pressure-washer, but realized that didnt create a solid future. I need a trade instead of being a jack-of-all-trades, he says. In good times, Hawaii requires up to 28,000 trained workers a year to fill new openings and retirements in the trades and professions, according to HCC, the states chief trade school. But only 14,000 students a year graduate from the states public and private high schools and many grads arent ready for college or skilled employment because they lack basic skills in math and reading. Workforce expectations have changed, says HCC chancellor Michael Rota. The jobs that have left the economy are the low-education jobs, and theyve been replaced by jobs requiring more education than high school. But the skills our kids have with a high school diploma dont match the skills needed. So if were going to be successful, we have to get a higher percentage of our young people ready for work or further education when they leave high school, Rota says. Louis Smith wishes he had gotten more out of high school. I would have liked a program like this in high school, says Smith, a second-year student in HCCs air-conditioning/refrigeration mechanic program. Hes been chosen for a parttime position at the Naval Facilities Engineering Command at Pearl Harbor and that could mean a solid job after graduation. I feel set for life, he says. People tell me Im lucky I got in.
ACTION NEEDED
In good times, Hawaii needs up to 28,000 trained workers a year to fill new openings and retirements in the trades and professions. To fill that need and prepare people for well-paying jobs, Hawaii needs to teach math, reading and other basic skills more effectively in public schools.
PHOTO: MARK ARBEIT
GAINS AND LOSSES
HAWAII 2011 | ECONOMY
INCOME
Per capita income in 2008
$36,093 $45,205 $37,521 $31,978
INFLATION IS A THIEF
Statewide per capita income increased 48 percent from 2000 to 2008 and stayed well ahead of inflation. But another key measure Hawaiis average household income fell behind inflation. The Census Bureau says average household income in Hawaii was $49,820 in 2000. In 2009, it had risen to $64,661, a gain of almost 30 percent. But Honolulus inflation rate a rough guide to statewide price increases averaged 3.0 percent a year in the same period. That means the average familys buying power declined.
$42,078 ($28,437 in year 2000) $40,166
TWO CRISES FOR RETIREES

Many people have saved too little for their retirement Many make bad-investment decisions with their 401(k) savings Hawaiis workers are not saving enough for retirement, says financial analyst Cris Borden, a professional fiduciary with his own firm, Kobo Wealth Conservancy. We havent seen many people with anything close to adequate savings for retirement, Borden says. But Matthew Bossenmeyer shows theres hope for workers who start late on their savings or have to change careers. At age 49, he entered an apprentice program through the Hawaii Carpenters Union when his printing jobs disappeared as that industry declined. Today, at 55, he just gained journeyman status and is saving money every week while working for Coastal Construction in Ewa Beach. He plans to retire at 62 when his mortgage is paid off. Even if you start as a 40-percent apprentice, in no time youre making almost $20 an hour, with really good benefits. However, Borden points to another area of concern: The growing dependence on 401(k) plans means employees are choosing their own investments for retirement decades away. The guy pushing the broom is making the decisions for which he doesnt have the education and yet were allowing them the largest financial decision they will ever make.
TAXES
State-Local Taxes as a percentage of overall income Total State and Local Taxes Paid, Per Capita
$6,610 $4,920* $2,871 $4,283
Rank
1 5 50
State
New Jersey Hawaii Alaska U.S. average
Rate
11.8% 10.6% 6.4% 9.7%
Source: (National) Tax Foundation * Includes excise taxes paid by visitors
POVERTY
Poverty Rate 2008
Kauai Oahu Maui County Hawaii County State U.S. 0% 5% 10% 15% 42.0% 37.3% 40.8% 37.3% 53.6%
Children receiving free or reducedcost lunches in public schools A key measure of poverty, 2009
EQUALITY / INEQUALITY
Gini Index Ranks Income Inequality America 46.7 Japan 38
0 50 100
At 0, everyones income is equal
Hawaii 42.9 (Income inequality is less

than national average)
At 100, one person earns everything
HAWAII 2011 | ECONOMY: JOBS
NEED SKILLS?
UHs seven community colleges are good places to start if you want to upgrade your skill set. Prospective students can learn more at: www.hawaii.edu/ prospective/ Honolulu Community College carpentry students Aleki Tavake, left, and Malcolm Wasserman are learning to be builders and craftsmen. They have been chosen for the Naval Facilities Engineering Command program at Pearl Harbor, where theyll also get on-the-job training.
Hawaii Industries with Most Job Growth, projected 2008-2018
educational services administrative and support services social assistance ambulatory health care services nursing and residential care facilities food services and drinking places hospitals general merchandise stores personal and laundry services accommodation
7,540 4,240 4,150 3,860 2,470 2,200 2,180 1,940 1,560 1,450 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
Hawaii Industries with Most Job Loss, projected 2008-2018

-540 -310 -270 -190 -150 -110 -80 -70 -40 -10 -10 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0
telecommunications gasoline stations printing and related support activities miscellaneous store retailers apparel manufacturing publishing industries crop production merchant wholesalers, durable goods support activities for agriculture and forestry food manufacturing chemical manufacturing
The 24-yearolds who come back to school, who maybe have a couple of small kids and have decided to do something with their lives, we have to support them. We need them all to be
Source: State Dept. of Labor and Industrial Relations
HAWAII 2011 | ECONOMY: JOBS

Occupations with Most Openings in Hawaii, projected 2008-2018
waiters and waitresses retail salespersons cashiers combined food preparation & serving workers, incl. fast food elementary school teachers, except special education personal and home care aides security guards registered nurses customer service representatives secondary school teachers, except special & vocational educ. office clerks, general food preparation workers general and operations managers laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand janitors & cleaners, exc. maids & housekeeping cleaners counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession & coffee shop stock clerks and order fillers first-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers landscaping and groundskeeping workers first-line supervisors/mgrs. of office & admin. support workers maids and housekeeping cleaners carpenters
PHOTO: MARK ARBEIT
980 940 740 410 350 340 340 330 320 320 310 310 300 290 290 290 250 250 240 220 220 200 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000
Occupations with Most Loss in Hawaii, projected 2008-2018

-360 -250 -250
office and administrative support workers, all other information and record clerks, all other
general and operations managers word processors and typists file clerks
successful. We cant afford to waste any talent in this state. Hawaii has had a shortage in its workforce for 150 years.
Mike Rota Chancellor of Honolulu Community College
-240 -220 -180 -140 -140 -130 -120 -120 -120 -120 -110 -110 -100 -90 -90 -80 -80 -400 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0
order clerks computer programmers secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive switchboard operators, including answering service data entry keyers human resources assts., exc. payroll & timekeeping
shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand postal svc. mail sorters, processors & proc. mach. oper. architectural and civil drafters packers and packagers, hand machine feeders and offbearers photographers travel agents payroll and timekeeping clerks
Source: State Dept. of Labor and Industrial Relations
HAWAII 2011 | ECONOMY: COST OF LIVING
THE PRICE OF PARADISE

The median family income in Honolulu is about $64,000 a year, which buys a modest standard of living. To achieve that same standard of living costs less in each of these major Mainland cities, except New York.
$80,000 $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 Honolulu $64,000 Seattle Los Angeles Las Vegas $38,011 $45,873 $59,433 Denver $41,783 Austin $38,070 Chicago $48,610 Wash, D.C. New York $60,207 $68,604
BOTTOM LINE
It costs more to live in New York than Honolulu, but the same jobs in NYC pay much more on average, so you have more money to spend. Even in cities where you earn less than doing the same work in Honolulu, your cost of living can be a lot lower, so you have more disposable income. Heres the average annual difference in disposable income compared with Honolulu:
LAS VEGAS $24,018 DENVER $20,435 SEATTLE $20,063 AUSTIN $19,454 CHICAGO $15,602
WHAT IF YOU MOVE?

If your Honolulu job(s) pay $64,000 a year, heres what you would earn on average doing the same job(s) elsewhere.
$80,000 $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 Honolulu $64,000 Seattle Los Angeles Las Vegas $65,936 $66,288 $62,029 Denver $62,217 Austin $57,524 Chicago $64,211 Wash, D.C. New York $64,106 $71,168
LOS ANGELES $6,856 WASHINGTON, D.C. $3,899 NEW YORK $2,565
Source: Salary.com, which provides human resource and compensation expertise for companies nationwide.
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HAWAII 2011 | ECONOMY: COST OF LIVING
FOUR FAMILIES, FOUR INCOMES, FOUR CITIES

Consider four different families, whose incomes range from poor to middle class. We took these families average U.S. income and then asked the question: What does it cost for these families to live the same kind of life in these cities? Low-income and single: A single, minimum-wage earner living with friends or parents, contributing partial rent and having no automobile. U.S. average income: $12,168 Low-income, single parent: A single parent of one child in a rented apartment (900 square foot), holding one or more jobs and one automobile. U.S. average income: $24,999 Working-class family: Two adults (filing as married), ages 32, two jobs, one child, two automobiles, and renting a threebedroom home (1,560 square foot). U.S. average income: $48,000 Middle-class family: Two adults (filing as married), age 37, two jobs, two children, two automobiles, and renting a threebedroom residence (2,200 square foot) with two-car garage. U.S. average income: $72,000
ESTIMATED LIVING EXPENSES

$160,000 $140,000 $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 U.S. average New York San Francisco Seattle Honolulu
WORKFORCE SNAPSHOTS
Shorter Workweeks We know many people in Hawaii work two or three jobs to make ends meet. However, this graphic shows how we are well below the national average in the percentage of employed people aged 25-64 who work 41 or more hours a week:
40 PERCENTAGE 30 20 10 0
WHY DOES HONOLULU COST MORE?

Using the same four families as above, we see it costs more to live the same lifestyle in Honolulu than in the average American city. This chart shows the U.S. average at 100 and how much more four Honolulu families pay for essentials. Generally, the poorest people pay the most above the national average:
250 HONOLULU COSTS AS % OF AVERAGE U.S. PRICES 200 150 100 50 0 Total (overall expenses) Rent, utilities Taxes: federal, state, payroll Food and other consumables Transportation Health services Misc. expenses
Source for two charts above: Economic Research Institute, and calculations by state Dept. of Business, Economic Development & Tourism
HONOLULU'S RENTS MORE THAN DOUBLE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE
2000 Hawaii National
2008
Workers and Dependents

U . S . AV E R A G E
95.6
Nation nonworkers* for every 100 workers
Hawaii nonworkers* for every 100 workers
87.5
* Children, seniors, others (2008 figures)
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HAWAII 2011 | EDUCATION
EARLY LEARNING PAYS OFF

quality early education for at-risk children significantly increased areas such as education levels, home ownership and salary while reducing negative behaviors, including substance abuse and crime, says Liz Chun, executive director of Good Beginnings Alliance, a non-profit advocacy group for early childhood learning. Before age five, about 85 percent of brain growth occurs and the foundations of thinking, aptitude and language are built, says Chun. The earliest years for keiki prenatal through age 8 are the most critical development period. The State Legislature has repeatedly supported early learning with a series of actions over the last decade aimed at putting in place a universal early learning system, but, so far, the cost has kept it from happening. When the Early Learning Educational Task Force studied the idea three years ago, their proposed 10-year plan came with an annual price-tag of $145 million, or $11,600 per child. And with birthrates rising, (Census Bureau estimates in July 2009 show 16,758 four-year-olds and 17,174 three-year-olds in the state), costs are only going to keep increasing too. Yet advocates say the state has no choice but to move in this direction. Since children learn to read from pre-kindergarten to third grade, and read to learn from fourth grade on up, says Chun, we must invest in early
Just 7.3 percent of the states public kindergarten classrooms had a majority of their students fully engaged and ready to learn on the first day of school, according to the 2010-2011 Hawaii State School Readiness Assessment. It had nothing to do with the quality of their minds - and everything to do with their preparation. This year, only 59 percent of the children in public kindergarten attended preschool, a discouraging statistic for early education advocates. This rate has dropped two years in a row, and it means that over 9,000 kindergarten students did not attend preschool. One study found that investing in
Billie Takaki Lueder, a business consultant and a former Miss Hawaii, knows how important it is to nurture childrens hunger to learn. After her children were born, Lueder changed her work schedule to maximize her time with them. Theyre sponges, she says. They soak up everything.
12
PHOTO: MARK ARBEIT
PUBLIC SCHOOLS WITH WELL-ESTABLISHED EARLY-CHILDHOOD POLICIES AND PRACTICES

No.
Transition from home/preschool to kindergarten Communication with families Parent involvement School improvement in Early Education Kindergarten classroom practices Met benchmarks in all areas Number of schools responding 64 57 30 37 108 4 178
Percent
36.0% 32.0% 16.9% 20.8% 60.7% 2.2%
KINDERGARTEN CLASSES WHERE AT LEAST 75% OF PUPILS CONSISTENTLY DISPLAY THESE SKILLS
No.
Approaches to learning Academic Literacy concepts & skills Math concepts & skills School behaviors & skills Social-emotional behaviors Physical well-being
PHOTO: ISTOCK
Percent
39.3% 20.5% 23.1% 40.9% 48.1% 50.4% 7.3%
295 154 173 307 361 378 55 750
Met benchmarks in all areas Number of Kindergarten classes responding
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education and the Good Beginnings Alliance
childhood programs for the sake of our children, our future workforce, and our economic sustainability. Despite support from legislative leaders and buy-in from the business community about the importance of early learning for the states future workforce, Good Beginnings Alliance has watched financial support erode. State subsidies have declined for low-income families to send their children to preschools. At the same time, preschool enrollment is dropping especially in low-income areas and the number of children entering kindergarten qualifying for free or reduced lunch is increasing. With cuts in subsidies, families are turning to relatives, for free or less expensive child care, said Chun, instead of enrolling their children in quality early education programs.
Those losses are costing us in test scores. While the latest results of standardized annual testing of grades 3 through 8 and 10 show increases in scores from a year ago, huge numbers of students still arent proficient in basic reading and math. Overall results showed 33 percent not proficient in reading and 51 percent not proficient in math. Even public charter schools, a positive alternative for many families, arent providing the testing results advocates expected. According to Chun, pouring resources into early learning could make the crucial difference going forward. The earlier a child is exposed to a literacy-rich environment, the greater the likelihood the child will develop the necessary pre-literacy skills to succeed in school.
PAYOFFS IN THE FUTURE

Research has shown that quality early education increases high school graduation rates, reduces K-12 grade repetition, reduces the number of children in special education, reduces crime and delinquency, lowers teen pregnancy rates, leads to greater employment and higher wages as adults, and contributes to more stable families.
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ONE EDGE FOR OUR KIDS

Hawaiis children enjoy a huge benefit by sharing the same classrooms with children of many different cultures and races. In fact, the states cosmopolitan heritage persuaded billionaire entrepreneur and philanthropist Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay, to return here to raise his children. Hawaiis ethnic mix represents a vision of the future. Its the kind of environment we want our kids to grow up in, he told business leaders at the First Hawaiian Bank/ Hawaii Business Top 250 luncheon. To respect people different from them. This is a model of how the world ought to work. Voyager charter school students Darius Chaffin and Aiya Bettinger show off their artwork.
PHOTO: DAVID CROXFORD
EXPENDITURE PER PUPIL IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS

$18,000 $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 $16,163
TRUE COST OF PUBLIC EDUCATION?

The Department of Education drastically underestimates the amount spent on public school students each year, says Randy Roth, a University of Hawaii law professor and one of the authors of the landmark Broken Trust essay. The DOEs estimate is $11,060 per public school student per year, but Roth says the DOEs estimate leaves out many costs and that the real figure is almost $16,000. (Both estimates exclude charter schools and their students.) Using the most recent figures available in his calculations, Roth arrives at his figure by including: $1.724 billion in the Department of Education budget; $200 million in annual capital improvement spending on schools; $350 million in debt service; and $450 million in fringe benefits for staff and teachers. The total comes to $2.724 billion spent on 170,500 students in the regular public schools last year. Roth says $16,000 is the true per-pupil cost, and should help the community judge whether charter-school funding is fair, and allows a comparison with the cost of a private school education.
$9,683
$11,060
$5,706
U.S. average
Hawaii (rank: 13th)
New Jersey (1st)
Utah (50th)
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, state Department of Education,
% OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING THAT SUPPORTS PUBLIC EDUCATION (K-12)
30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
National Average
Hawaii
1995-1996
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, state Department of Education
14
36% INCREASE
Delaware
2005-2006
Nebraska
Rhode Island
Wyoming
ISLES SEND FEWER KIDS TO COLLEGE

Of 100 9th Graders, How Many ...
100 80 60 40 20 0 Best Performing State U.S. Average Hawaii
Graduate from high school
Enter college
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
Still enrolled sophomore year in college
Graduate college within 150% of expected time (usually 2 or 4 years)
NO HIGH SCHOOL DEGREE

People aged 25 and older
GOING TO COLLEGE?
Public school seniors who responded to a survey asking if they were accepted into a college or trade school:
HOW MANY 8TH GRADERS PROFICIENT OR BETTER AT 8TH GRADE LEVEL? MATH
40% 20% 0% 40% 20% 0% 40% 20% 0%
Hawaii National Hawaii National Hawaii National
20
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION
15 10 5 0 2000 Hawaii National 2006-08
60 40 20 0
2+2=4
READING
WRITING
2002 Hawaii 2008
abc
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress 2009
MANY FALL BEHIND IN MATH BETWEEN 4TH AND 8TH GRADES

% of Public School 4th Graders, 2007
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
PHOTO: ISTOCK
% of Public School 8th Graders, 2007

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Chinese Filipino Hawaiian Japanese Exceeds Standards
Part Samoan Hawaiian Well Below
White
Chinese Filipino Hawaiian Japanese Exceeds Standards
Part Samoan Hawaiian Well Below
White
Source: The Education Trust, a national advocacy group
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PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS 2009

English as a Second Language 3.3% Section 504 (physical or mental impairment) 0.6%
Special Education 4.8% Multiple Special Needs 13.0%
No Special Needs 47.6%

PHOTO: DAVID CROXFORD
Economically Disadvantaged 30.6%
OUR TEACHERS DO NOT MATCH STUDENTS' ETHNICITY 2010

30% 20% 10% 0 AfricanAmerican Caucasian Students Chinese Filipino Hawaiian or partHawaiian Hispanic Japanese Korean Native American Samoan Other
Teachers
VIOLENCE AND ILLEGAL-SUBSTANCE INCIDENTS AT PUBLIC SCHOOLS

5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Total Enrollment
189,281 19971998
187,395 19981999
185,036 19992000
183,520 20002001
183,629 20012002
183,798 20022003
182,434 20032004
181,897 20042005
181,406 20052006
179,234 20062007
178,369 20072008
177,871 20082009
Violent incidents
Source: State Department of Education
Illicit Substances
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PHOTO: DAVID BEALES, UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII
Honolulu Community College Associate Professor of Welding Jeffery Lane oversees a student suiting up to use HCC's virtual welder.
HIGH-TECH TRAINING FOR HAWAII IS SPELLED P-C-A-T-T

Over the past decade, the Pacific Center for Advanced Technology Training has trained 17,000 Hawaii workers in the advanced technical skills required by cutting-edge projects. We look at what technology is on the leading edge and we adopt it here at PCATT, says director Scott Murakami. Theres a long laundry list of the new technology weve brought into the state. The list includes: Rapid prototyping to allow construction of 3-D computer-assisted design models (CAD); Reverse engineering and 3-D scanning to create digital files to rebuild parts for airplanes and ships; A virtual welding system to speed up training of new workers and retool the skills of existing workers. PCATT a consortium of the University of Hawaiis seven community colleges, based at Honolulu Community College is a partnership of the federal and state governments, and private companies.
SOME MAJOR PCATT PROJECTS:

Partnering with Siemens Corp. on a $327 million softwarelicensing and support project thats providing high-end engineering tools to improve efficiency at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. The new efficiencies could primarily affect maintenance for Virginiaclass submarines, the most advanced in the U.S. fleet. Developing a national curriculum to train technicians in maintaining smart-grid technology using Internet protocol. Developing curriculum for IP version 6 the next generation of Internet protocol so working professionals can take IPv6 courses. Utilizing a $130,000 grant to improve the skills of 50 Hawaii welders from private shipyards so they can earn Navy certification to work on guided-missile-cruiser conversions. Training 180 civilian employees at Pearl Harbor in fiber-optic-cable networks so they can work on Virginia-class submarines.
MORE INFO
Go to pcatt.org 845-9296 pcatt@hawaii.edu
17
HAWAII 2011 | HEALTH
WARNING
Health researcher Dr. David Curb warns that Hawaii is at a crossroads. The Asian population is less prepared genetically to deal with high calories and high-fat diets than are Caucasians. For instance, Asian-Americans are much more likely to get diabetes if they gain weight than are Caucasians. We still have a chance to control it. But we need to really start looking closely at what we eat and how much we eat, and make active decisions about our diet and lifestyle.
Charles Yogi, in his 90s, eats well and exercises a lot, including race walking, a sport hes competed in around the world. Hes also been part of a renowned health research program for almost half his life. The Honolulu Heart Program has called Hawaiis lifestyle the golden mean between East and West, creating longer, healthier lives. Thanks to this healthy blend, life expectancy in Hawaii is 80.8 years, three years longer than the national average.
PHOTO: JOSHUA FLETCHER
ONE MAN SHOWS WHY WE LIVE LONGER

Charles Yogi has spent 45 years helping Honolulu researchers prove that Hawaiis population is one of the nations healthiest and helping them understand why. As a participant in the long-term Honolulu Heart Program, Yogi, now in his 90s, has eaten modestly, exercised regularly, limited the fat in his diet, chosen fish more than red meat, munched on vegetables and generally avoided smoking and drinking. His lifestyle and that of 8,000 other men of Japanese-American ancestry have been studied since the program launched in 1965. I think I grew up with less than a full stomach most of the time, chuckles Yogi from his rural Big Island home. I think that adds to longevity of life. Findings from the study and its offshoots have guided physicians worldwide in treating heart disease and heart attack, warding off stroke, developing smoke-free programs for children and establishing dietary guidelines. These men have a mixture of an Eastern and Western lifestyle, which, as a whole, is better, says Dr. David Curb, the studys scientific director. If you go too far one way or the other you will perhaps be less healthy and probably more so if its more Westernized. So the secret, if there is a secret, is for an active lifestyle but with fewer calories, more fish, more vegetables, but also probably a little more protein. The two lifestyles mixed together are more ideal than either one by itself.
18
PHOTOS: MARK ARBEIT
Island Pacific Academy in Kapolei encourages students to be active. Thats good for the future: Active kids tend to become active adults.
LUCKY YOU LIVE HAWAII, BUT WERE SLIPPING

Better than national average Worse than national average

Better since 2000 Worsened (2001 for binge drinking and physical activity) YEAR U.S. HAWAII OAHU HAWAII
ISLAND
HEALTH INDICATOR MORTALITY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, years INFANT MORTALITY, per 1,000 live births CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DEATH RATE, per 100,000 people CANCER DEATH RATE, per 100,000 people DIABETES DEATH RATE, per 100,000 people DISEASE PREVENTION OBESITY, % of adults SMOKING, % of adults BINGE DRINKING, % of adults IMMUNIZATION RATE, % of children ages 19-35 months PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, moderate or vigorous, % of adults FRUIT & VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION, consume 5 or more daily servings, % of adults ACCESS TO CARE ADULTS WITHOUT HEALTH INSURANCE, % of adults CHILDREN WITHOUT HEALTH INSURANCE, % of children ages 17 and younger
1
KAUAI
MAUI
COUNTY
2005 2008 2008 2008 2008
77.9 6.5 267 1 187 1 24

1
80.8 5.3 241 167 22
80.9 5.3 237 166 21
79.7 4.6 280 184 30
80.7 11.7 251 157 28
80.6 3.3 215 152 19
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
26.9% 17.9% 15.8% 75.7% 51% 23.4%
22.9% 15.4% 17.1% 73.2% 53.2%

23.5%
22.2% 14.3% 15.8% -52.1% 22.2%
24.3% 20.4% 21.4% -55.5% 24.7%
22.4% 14.8% 19.6% -57.9% 29.3%
25.6% 15.8% 18.5% -55.9% 28.4%
2009 2008
14.4% --
7.3%
2.4%
6.9% 1.8%
8.4% 4.6%
9.0% 2.1%
8.1% 4.1%
U.S. data is for 2007
19
Chronic Conditions by Ethnicity
arthritis
ETHNICITY AND DISEASE

We smoke less, eat healthier, exercise more, and live longer in Hawaii than the national average. While we have lower mortality rates for the three major causes of death heart disease, cancer and diabetes we are worse than average on immunizations and binge drinking. Within our communities, there are special pockets of concern. Here is a closer look at eight chronic conditions that are spread unevenly among different ethnic groups:
asthma
diabetes
high blood cholesterol
hypertension
cancer
heart
lung
10
15
20
PERCENTAGE OF ETHNIC GROUP'S POPULATION
Caucasian Japanese
Hawaiian Filipino Others (or Unknown or Refused)
Incidence of Diabetes by Ethnicity and Age

40%
PERCENT OF POPULATION
30%
20%
10%
0% 0-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

PHOTO: ISTOCK
Caucasian
Hawaiian
Filipino
Japanese
Source: State Dept. of Health, Hawaii Health Survey 2009
20
HAWAII 2011 | HOUSING & HOMELESSNESS
FINDING PERMANENT HOMES FOR THE HOMELESS

Terry Brooks, whose cell phone is never turned off. Transitional housing is very stable and effective. Essentially, were retraining people, helping them stabilize and save money for down payments, and then connecting them to permanent housing. Single mom Jamielynn Aana, 25, spent months living with family, friends and co-workers after her mother lost their apartment and she couldnt afford her own. I stayed in about 16 different homes. I was going from place to place, week by week, but I pretty much exhausted all my resources. After three weeks at the Institute for Human Services shelter with her babies, and then a night sleeping on a sidewalk, space opened up at Vancouver House, a transitional shelter. You have your own bathroom, your own bedroom, she says. It was truly like a miracle. Once in a shelter, Aana says, your name gets bumped up the list for help through the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. After six sheltered months, staff counseling and a period of low rent, she found a permanent home in a low-income development the first home of her own. With a HUD subsidy, its affordable $220 a month in rent 30 percent of her income as a part-time tour guide. I cried when they told me I had it, says Aana, who now dreams of one day going to college. I can see the ocean from my house. Its so beautiful.
Even as the economy slowly improved last year in Hawaii, the number of sheltered homeless people on Oahu increased 4 percent to 5,678, according to the annual Homeless Service Utilization Report. The same survey found that another 4,013 homeless were unsheltered. That increase puts extra pressure on a nonprofit called Housing Solutions Inc., which provides transitional housing for the homeless. In the past 10 years, HSI has placed 2,971 people in transitional housing and counseled them in everyday skills like opening a bank account and paying the rent. Somewhere between 90 and 95 percent of all the people we handle end up in permanent housing, says HSI president
LOCAL CRISIS
Hawaii had twice as many homeless per 100,000 people as the national average in 2007. And the problem continues to evolve and will likely worsen. Right now, were seeing a big increase with the Micronesian elderly here for medical reasons, says Keala Souza, director of program services for Housing Solutions Inc. They dont have money to begin with, so theyre on our welfare system.
PHOTO: MARK ARBEIT
Once homeless, Jamielynn Aana now has a home for herself and her three children. Six months in a transitional shelter was a crucial step in getting back on her feet.
21
PHOTO: MARK ARBEIT
TURNING RENTERS INTO OWNERS

Despite the slow economy, Hawaiis already high home prices are creeping up again. Only low interest rates are offering some added hope for those who have never owned a home, like 34-year-old Navy Chief Petty Officer Jon-David Thomas Crawford. Ive been paying rent for 15 years and I get subsidized by the Navy, so when the market dropped I said, This is silly I dont want to rent anymore, says Crawford. And with a 4.25 percent interest rate, thats probably the time to buy. ... Now, I get to cut my own grass. I get to go into my man cave. Im thrilled. Compared to the nation as a whole, Hawaii has a lower percentage of owner-occupied homes and a far higher percentage of people spending 30
After 15 years of renting, Jon-David Thomas Crawford took advantage of lowinterest rates to buy his own home. Im thrilled, he says.
Median Home Prices 1991-2010, single-family homes, Honolulu vs. nation $700,000 $600,000 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Honolulu
Nation
Source: Honolulu Board of Realtors, National Association of Realtors
22
percent or more of their income on living accommodations. In December 2010, the median price of a single-family home on Oahu was $587,000, according to the Honolulu Board of Realtors. The national median price last year was $177,900, the National Association of Realtors reports. People who bought a home 10 years ago in Hawaii are happy with their purchase because theyve made money and its still worth more than they paid for it, says Brian Benton, president of the Honolulu Board of Realtors and a principal broker with Prudential Locations. But Benton acknowledges its tough for a young couple to break into the market. To buy a condo at a mid-range price of $310,000 takes a joint monthly income of at least $3,000, assuming 20 percent down, good credit, a mortgage rate of 4.875 percent and no other debt. First-time buyers we always assume are 26-year-olds, says Benton. But were seeing first-time buyers in their 40s and 50s. Theyve been renting all their lives but with lower interest rates right now they can qualify for properties.
HOUSING: WHERE HAWAII RANKS WORST VS. NATION

HOUSING INDICATOR UNAFFORDABLE HOUSING RENTAL COST BURDEN, % of renters who spend 30% or more of household income on rent OWNERSHIP BURDEN, % of homeowners with a mortgage who spend 30% or more of household income on selected ownership costs HOME OWNERSHIP, % of occupied housing units UNMET HOUSING NEEDS OVERCROWDED DWELLINGS, % of occupied housing units with 1.01 or more occupants per room 20062008 3.0% 8.9% 8.5% 8.6% 8.4% 12.3% 20062008 20062008 45.9% 47.9% 49.7% 41.1% 41.0% 46.8% YEAR U.S. HAWAII OAHU HAWAII
ISLAND
KAUAI
MAUI
COUNTY
37.3%
46.8%
45.6%
44.8%
52.1%
53.7%
20062008
67.1%
58.9%
57.5%
64.8%
63.7%
57.8%
$700,000
2001
2002
2003
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
HONOLULU'S PRICES CLIMBED MUCH FASTER THAN NATION'S
$600,000 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 0
23
HAWAII 2011 | CRIME AND COMMUNITIES
Patricia Sakaguchi credits the rigorous HOPE probation program for giving her strength to turn away from crime. I love my life today, she says.
OUT OF SCHOOL OR WORKAND IN TROUBLE

The service agency Adult Friends for Youth works with about 465 teens each week in four of the states toughest high schools: Farrington, Waipahu, Campbell and Kapolei. It defuses tensions, helps dropouts earn alternative diplomas and offers emotional support. One of the things were facing with kids, especially those preparing to graduate, is a lot of fear, says Adult Friends founder Sid Rosen. Some are even afraid to graduate. Its not a rosy picture in terms of opportunities. Expelling troublemakers may help schools, but teens say it often drives them toward crime. When they expel you, you get lazy. You dont want to go school anymore, says Anthony Fiesta, 17, of Farrington, who has watched that happen to friends. Some people end up stealing if they no more money, adds Mark Aceret, also 17, who started Leeward Community College last fall, but has also seen friends fall into criminal activity when they arent in school. Stopping dropouts or offering learning alternatives can stop the drift toward crime. If someone believes in you, you believe in yourself, says 17-year-old Jaymel Pagaragan of Waipahu High, who did community
CONTROLLING HARDCORE CRIMINALS

One way to fight crime is to prevent hardcore convicts from returning to crime. One big success is the HOPE program Hawaiis Opportunity Probation with Enforcement started in 2004 by Circuit Court Judge Steven S. Alm to deliver swift consequences to criminals who violate probation. Its pretty dramatic, and most of the change occurs right away, says Paul Perrone, chief of research and statistics for the state Attorney Generals Office. Youre looking at a reduction in missed appointments with probation officers by around 80 percent and a reduction in positive drug tests in excess of 90 percent. And there are additional improvements over time. HOPE is about doing probation right, Alm says, and that means focusing
our resources on the most risky. It also means creating and imposing immediate consequences for all those breaking any of the rules of probation. HOPE currently covers 1,813 of Hawaiis toughest and most violent criminals and Alm expects that number to grow soon to 2,000 one in every four felons. HOPE reduces crime and victimization; it helps offenders and their families by keeping them employed and out of prison; and it saves the taxpayers substantial amounts of money. Patricia Sakaguchi is one of HOPEs successes. A former drug dealer, the 51-year-old mother of five says the programs sanctions were what she needed to get her life back on track. It kept me in line and kept me from doing things I shouldnt be doing, she says after 20 months in HOPE. And I love my life today, says Sakaguchi. Ive got my kids back in my life, and Im a Christian woman now. I try to give back to society. I talk to people, telling them its the choices you make in life.
PHOTO: MARK ARBEIT
SUCCESS STORY
Twelve other states have adopted Hawaiis HOPE program and 13 more are piloting similar programs, says Paul Perrone of the state Attorney Generals Office.
24
CRIME INDICATOR PUBLIC SAFETY VIOLENT CRIME RATE, per 100,000 people PROPERTY CRIME RATE, per 100,000 people ACCIDENT, HOMICIDE, AND SUICIDE DEATH RATE per 100,000 people DRUG-RELATED ARRESTS per 100,000 people FAMILY RELATIONSHIP CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT, per 1,000 children aged 17 and younger DOMESTIC ABUSE, per 100,000 people COMMUNITY CONNECTEDNESS IDLE YOUTH, % of people aged 16-24 SOCIAL PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATED IN VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES, % of families with children under 18 years old
1
YEAR
U.S.
HAWAII
OAHU
HAWAII
ISLAND
KAUAI
MAUI
COUNTY
2009 2009 20052007 2009
429 3,036 57 1
3,689 47
542
217
134
374
274
517
2008
10.3
6.3
5.8
8.4
6.7
6.4
2009
--
393
324
681
446
452
20062008
7.9%
9.1%
2006
--
59.3%
U.S. data from 2004-06
Data based on combined sample of Kauai and Maui counties
service all last summer to convince the school to take him back after he was expelled for fighting. But organizations like Adult Friends are hard pressed to get the money they need. We struggled just to get $200,000 out of the state to support our programs, says Debbie Spencer Chun, CEO of Adult Friends. If these kids become more productive economically and financially, then you wont have to worry about a lot of other societal problems. But if you write this group off, it will drain the future.
PHOTO: MARK ARBEIT
MORE INFO
Go to afyhawaii.com
Teens gather at the Adult Friends for Youth office near Honolulu Airport to get help with homework or for other support. The agency eases tensions between teen groups in tough neighborhoods, but struggles to secure funding.
9.5%
6.4%
9.7% 2
9.7% 2
57.1%
60.8%
66%
64.2%
276
280 3,682 45
266 3,269 58
336 4,248 55
233 3,997 42
Better than
national average Worse than national average Better since 2000 Worsened since 2000
25
PEOPLE WHO SAID THEY WERE VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME

BY AGE BY ETHNICITY
Black Korean Hawaiian/ Part-Hawaiian Other White Chinese Filipino 0% 5% 10% 15% Japanese Hispanic Samoan American Indian or Alaskan Native 0% 5% 10% 15% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
% of respondents
19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE
Hawaii continues to have lower rates of violent crime than the national average. The state also has lower rates of death from accident, homicide and suicide.
BY GENDER
Male Female
BY TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME

% OF RESPONDENTS
12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Under $15,000 $15,000$24,999 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,000 $50,000$74,999 $75,000$99,999 $100,000 or more
CRIME VICTIMIZATION BY CRIME TYPE 1997 vs. 2005 vs. 2008

50%
% OF RESPONDENTS % OF RESPONDENTS
CRIME VICTIMIZATION BY COUNTY Fewer victims in 2008 than in 2005

50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2005 2008
Honolulu County
40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1997 2005 Violent Crime Any Crime 2008
2005 2008
Hawaii County
2005
2008
2005
2008
Property Crime
Maui County
Kauai County
Source for all charts: Crime & Justice in Hawaii 2008, Household Survey Report, state Dept. of the Attorney General
Any Crime
Violent Crime
26
OUR ATTITUDES AND FEARS

COMMUNITY AND PERSONAL WELL-BEING
South Kona, Kau West Maui Upcountry Maui Kohala East Honolulu Honolulu PUC-East1 Koloa, South Kauai Windward Oahu South Maui West Oahu West Kauai Honolulu PUC-West1 Oahu North Shore 0
1
SMS Research & Marketing Services Inc. asked how people in these areas feel about these measures of well-being and tracks the answers on a scale of 0 to 4: Community well-being:
Feel safe walking at night Know and trust my neighbors Homes and yards well maintained Respect each other's privacy Location is best on island Respect cultural differences Respect each others religious beliefs
Personal well-being:
Health Finances Education Family life Job, career Environment Social life Relationship with God Spiritual life
.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
Community Well-Being Personal Well-Being
PUC = Primary Urban Corridor
Source: SMS Research & Marketing Services Inc., PowerPoint presentation on Community Well-Being Report
HOW FEARFUL ARE YOU OF BECOMING A VICTIM OF CRIME?

100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Violent Crime Property Crime Terrorism Fearful Not fearful
Source: Crime & Justice in Hawaii 2008, Household Survey Report, state Dept. of the Attorney General
27
HAWAII 2011 | ENVIRONMENT & ENERGY
Olin Lagon is teaching his sons how to grow their own food, and recycle or reuse everything that comes into their home. I try to lead by example. You cant really teach kids by demanding.
MORE INFO
Go to kanuhawaii.org
ONE FAMILY REALLY CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE

Virtually everything Olin Lagons family does is designed to tread more lightly on the Earth: Solar panels power their home and create hot water; All containers are reused or recycled; Every month, Lagons two young sons pick seeds to plant, adding to an expansive garden of a dozen fruits and vegetables. The ripe papaya Lagon ate at breakfast came from a tree that 3-year-old Ryan planted with seeds dug from the family compost heap, which is not far from the worm bin. Every day, we do something that moves them in the direction of sustainability, compassion and selfreliance. Its the boys way of life now, says Lagon, director of social ventures for Kanu Hawaii, an online and real-time community that makes environmentalism both effective and hip. Kanus more than 13,000 members publicly make commitments to help the environment by eating local food or growing their own; driving bikes instead of SUVs; using energy-efficient light bulbs and turning them off when not needed; recycling plastics and newspapers; switching to solar power; composting vegetable trimmings, and in dozens of other ways. Were committed to being the solution and the change, and encouraging other people to join us, says Kanu founder James Koshiba.
GOOD NEWS
The average person in Hawaii consumes less energy than the average American: 257 BTUs a year vs. 337. 50,000 solar-water-heating systems were installed in Hawaii from 1996 through 2009 reducing demand by 169 megawatts, equal to a large, oil-powered power plant.
BAD NEWS
Kilaueas ongoing eruption created 17 unhealthy or very unhealthy air-quality days on the Big Island in 2009, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. The national median is a single day. Oahu had one in 2010: New Years Day. Governments decades-long neglect of aging sewers and treatment plants has caused countless spills of untreated sewage. It will cost billions and take many years to fix the system.
28
PHOTO: MARK ARBEIT
ENVIRONMENT INDICATOR Pollution SURFACE WATER ADVISORY DAYS, number of days SOLID WASTE GENERATED, number of pounds per day per person TOXIC RELEASES, number of pounds per person Conservation ACRES OF PARKS AND HISTORIC SITES, per 1,000 acres of total area RENEWABLE ENERGY, % of total energy consumption Consumption WATER CONSUMPTION, number of gallons per day per person ENERGY CONSUMPTION, number of million BTU per person Recycling SOLID WASTE RECYCLED, % of total solid waste WASTEWATER RECYCLED, % of treated wastewater HI-5 RECYCLERS, % of adults
1
YEAR
HAWAII
CHANGE
SINCE 20001
IMPROVED OR WORSENED1
HONOLULU
HAWAII ISLE 5 8.3 2.2
KAUAI
MAUI
2007 2007
100 6.7%
44% 10%
2007 2007
158 257
1% -3%
2008 2008 2008
32.1% 15.8% 82.0%
8% 17% 13%
Improved
Peter Rosegg, Hawaiian Electric Co.
Then-Gov. Linda Lingle and her administration pushed through the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative to support renewable energy. She also worked with a company called Better Place
on creating an electric-car network in Hawaii. Above, she looks under the hood of an electric vehicle. At left is a Nissan Rogue, one of the cars showcased by Better Place.
PHOTOS: COURTESY OF BETTER PLACE
Nissan told us (Hawaii has) the highest percentage of hand-raisers who have put money down for the new electric Leaf cars than anywhere else. About 300 people signed up and put $99 down.
Benchmark year is 2000, except for 2001: toxic releases; 2003: solid waste generated and solid waste recycled; 2006: for HI-5 recyclers
OR
2007
2.4
-16%
2007
9.8
14%
2008
141
213%
108 10.2 2.6
21 7.5 0.4
7 10.7 2.1
40 3%
132 14.4%
36 10%
55 19.3%
154 262
141 200
151 223
197 312
33.4% 13.1% 78%
29.2% 19.8% 93%
15.8% 52.1% 85%
32.5% 15% 84.2%
Worsened
29
NEED A REASON TO SAVE ENERGY?

Reducing your use of energy saves you money. Not good enough? Then consider this: one-kilowatt hour of electricity that is generated by burning oil or coal creates about a pound of carbon dioxide. Oil generates most of Hawaiis electricity and CO2 is the major greenhouse gas blamed for global warming. Heres some information that will help you measure your carbon footprint and reduce it.
HOW MUCH DOES THAT APPLIANCE REALLY COST YOU?

LARGE APPLIANCES Use (Time)
8 hours/day 8 hours/day 8 hours/day 24 hours/day 24 hours/day 24 hours/day 24 hours/day 2 hours/week 8 hours/day
kWh/Month
443.08 664.62 886.15 40.00-100.00 40.00-43.00 35.00-38.00 400.00 9.60 240.00
Cost/Month
$132.92 $199.38 $265.85 $12.00-30.00 $12.00-12.90 $10.50-11.40 $120.00 $2.88 $72.00
Air Conditioner, Central and Large Split-System 24,000 Btu/H (2 Ton), SEER 13.0 36,000 Btu/H (3 Ton), SEER 13.0 48,000 Btu/H (4 Ton), SEER 13.0 Freezer, Chest Manufactured After 1980, 17-22 cu. ft. Manufactured After 2001, 17-22 cu. ft. ENERGY STAR After 2001, 17-22 cu. ft. Hot Tub/Spa Oven Bake Unit, Self-Cleaning Swimming Pool Pump (1 horsepower) SMALL APPLIANCES DVD Player On mode Standby Hair Blow Dryer Microwave Oven Television 32-inch LCD 42-inch Plasma Video Game Console COMPUTERS Computer Monitor (desktop)
Source: Hawaiian Electric Co., Power to Save conservation guide
2 hours/day 22 hours/day 20 minutes/day 20 minutes/day 7 hours/day 7 hours/day 1 hour/day 4 hours/day
0.78 1.52 18.00 15.00 30.03 57.12 1.08 9.00
$0.23 $0.46 $5.40 $4.50 $9.01 $17.14 $0.32 $2.70
kauai
ENERGY FACTS
The average residential meter in Hawaii uses 615 kilowatt/hours a month at an average cost of about $175. That makes Hawaii the most expensive state for electricity costs. Heres how much all the Islands pay per kilowatt/hour:
Source: Hawaii Energy (state energy conservation program)
37 cents
oahu
24.8 cents
molokai
35.6 cents
maui
29.2 cents
big island
state average
lanai
28.4 cents
national average
37.0 cents
33.7 cents
11.9 cents
30
BURNING A LITTLE LESS OIL

Hawaii burned about 30,700 barrels of oil a day to generate electricity during 2009. But that amount has been slowly decreasing in recent years:
BARRELS OF OIL USED IN HAWAII TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY
OIL DEPENDENT BUT NOT OIL VULNERABLE

Hawaii leads the nation in dependence on oil for its electricity and other energy needs, but its drivers rank low on an index that measures vulnerability to the price of oil. The index, developed in 2008 by the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group, ranked Hawaii 40th in oil vulnerability. The index said Hawaiis average driver spent 4.58 percent of his or her income on gasoline about $1,728.14 a year. By this measurement, the most vulnerable were Mississippis drivers, at 7.87 percent of their income, or $2,268.62 annually. The least vulnerable were Connecticuts drivers, at 3.7 percent of income, or $1,714. These figures reflect average incomes Hawaii ranks above the national average and total driving distance, which is low in the Islands compared with other states. Of course, since so much of Hawaiis electricity is generated by oil, a rise in the price of oil will mean higher electricity prices. The NRDC also measured whether states are moving away from oil dependence by encouraging energyefficient vehicles and clean fuels, sponsoring related research and The annual cost of the development, or supporting smart growth states imported oil, or and transit. In these categories, Hawaii about $4,000 for every ranks in the lower half of the states. man, woman and child. California is first, while oil-rich Alaska is last.
million barrels of oil
13
12
11
10
2006
2007
2008
2009
Source: Hawaii Energy
CLEAN ENERGY
The Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative has set an ambitious goal: meet 70 percent of the states energy needs with clean, renewable sources within 20 years. Weve already surpassed the national 2011 goal of 10 percent to 15 percent. HECO is preparing for electric cars now. It has submitted a set of rates to the Public Utilities Commission for overnight charging of electric vehicles. We want to do everything we can to make Hawaii EV ready, says HECO spokesman Peter Rosegg.
$5.09 BILLION
31
TIPS TO SAVE ON ENERGY GUZZLERS
Annual energy savings of major appliances, based on oil price of $89 a barrel
$960
Turn off your 12,000 Btu/H air-conditioner. It costs that to run for 8 hours a day. Oil savings: 10.78 barrels of oil per year
save
$86.40
Turn just one ceiling fan off for eight hours a day. Oil savings: 0.97 barrels of oil per year
save
$840
Switch from a conventional water heater to a solar system. Oil savings: 9.4 barrels of oil per year
save
$72 $384
save
save
$720
save
Use your dishwasher just once a week. Wash and dry by hand instead. Oil savings: Four-fifths of a barrel of oil per year Get rid of a second refrigerator, especially models made between 1980 and 2001. Oil savings: 8 barrels of oil per year
Hang laundry rather than using the dryer eight times a week. Oil savings: 4.3 barrels of oil a year
$24
save
Switch to compact fluorescent lights (CFLs). Oil savings: A quarter of a barrel of oil each year
Source: Hawaiian Electric Co.
HONOLULU YEARLY RECYCLING RATES (TONS)

500,000 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 1988 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 General Material Recycling
Source: Honolulu Dept. of Environmental Services
Construction and Demolition Recycling
32

Hawaii 2011 Our Quality of Life

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Hawaii 2011 Our Quality of Life

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SPECIAL REPORT

OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

HAWAII 2011 | OUR SPONSORS

Richard M. Rosenblum President & Chief Executive Officer

Colbert M. Matsumoto Chairman & Chief Executive Officer

Robert P. Hiam President and Chief Executive Officer

HAWAII 2011: OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

HAWAII 2011 | INTRODUCTION

UNDERSTANDING HAWAII, THEN ACTING TO IMPROVE OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

OUR OVERALL QUALITY OF LIFE

-.25 0 .25 .5 .75 1 2009 INDEX

HAWAII: NOW VS. 2000

Jen Tadaki Catanzariti

HAWAII 2011: OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

HAWAII 2011 | POPULATION

0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

age years years years years years years years years

ethnicity/race* caucasian hawaiian chinese filipino japanese part hawaiian

Honolulu County's population

Hawaii County's population

0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

age years years years years years years years years

0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

age years years years years years years years years

ethnicity/race* caucasian hawaiian chinese filipino japanese part hawaiian

ethnicity/race* caucasian hawaiian chinese filipino japanese part hawaiian

Kauai Countys population

Maui Countys population

0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

age years years years years years years years years

0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

age years years years years years years years years

ethnicity/race* caucasian hawaiian chinese filipino japanese part hawaiian

ethnicity/race* caucasian hawaiian chinese filipino japanese part hawaiian

HAWAII 2011: OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

HAWAII 2011 | POPULATION

Now married 51.1%

PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE STATE

Household Size Six 3.3% Seven 2% Eight + 1.6%

Type of Households One Adult with Kids 2.1%

One 23.5% Four 14%

Adults with Kids 26.1%

One Adult No Kids 23.5%

Adults No Kids 48.3%

HAWAII 2011: OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

HAWAII 2011 | ECONOMY

HELP WANTED: MORE SKILLED WORKERS

HAWAII 2011: OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

PHOTO: MARK ARBEIT

GAINS AND LOSSES

HAWAII 2011 | ECONOMY

$42,078 ($28,437 in year 2000) $40,166

TWO CRISES FOR RETIREES

Source: (National) Tax Foundation * Includes excise taxes paid by visitors

At 0, everyones income is equal

Hawaii 42.9 (Income inequality is less

At 100, one person earns everything

HAWAII 2011: OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

HAWAII 2011 | ECONOMY: JOBS

Hawaii Industries with Most Job Growth, projected 2008-2018

Hawaii Industries with Most Job Loss, projected 2008-2018

Source: State Dept. of Labor and Industrial Relations

HAWAII 2011: OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

HAWAII 2011 | ECONOMY: JOBS