Flow through Nozzles

1. Find the cross sectional area of a convergent nozzle from the following data: inlet conditions are at 12 bar and 300 C and. Mass flow rate 1.2 kg/s and exit pressure 8 bar. When would the mass flow be the maximum in this nozzle? 2. A nozzle supplied with dry and saturated steam at 4 bar is to discharge 0.2 kg/s against a back pressure of 0.8 bar. Find the throat and mouth areas of the nozzle assuming a friction loss of 10% of the total heat drop to take place in the divergent part. 3. A steam enters a group of nozzles at a pressure of 22 bar and 260C. Expansion continues till an exit pressure of 4 bar. The steam mass flow rate is 11 kg/s. The expansion efficiency of 0.85 and assume that the friction losses occur at the divergent part only. Using steam chart, determine: a. Velocity at the throat and exit sections b. Area of the throat and exit section 4. Steam at initial pressure 7 bar and 320C flows through a convergent-divergent nozzle having a throat area of 3.1 cm2. The pressure at the exit is 1.4 bar and the exit velocity is 780 m/s. The flow from the nozzle entrance to the throat is reversible adiabatic. Determine the exit area and the nozzle efficiency. 5. The throat diameter of a nozzle is 1.23 cm. If dry and saturated steam at 10 bar is supplied to the nozzle, what is the mass flow rate in kg/s? If the back pressure is 1.25 bar and the nozzle velocity coefficient = 0.96, what should be the nozzle diameter at outlet if the friction is in the divergent part only. 6. The following conditions of flow in a nozzle are given as: mass flow rate = 5 kg/s; initial conditions 20 bar & 350C; and back pressure = 4 bar. Assuming isentropic expansion, determine: a. The shape of the nozzle b. The throat and exit areas c. Distance between throat and exit section is the cone angle in the divergent part is 12. d. Assuming a nozzle velocity coefficient of 0.95, find the variation in the dimensions compared with that with isentropic expansion case. 7. Steam expands through a nozzle under unstable equilibrium condition from an initial pressure of 8.5 bar and 250 C to a final pressure of 1.5 bar. If the flow rate is 40 kg/min, determine: a. The final condition of the steam b. Mouth and throat areas c. The degree of undercooling at the exit section 8. A convergent-divergent nozzle expands steam from 18 bar, 250C to 5 bar with a nozzle efficiency of 90% and a nozzle jet angle of 15. Find the deflection of the outlet steam jet if the pressure after the nozzle is reduced to 3 bar.