Maximum allowable operating pressure Maximum allowable operating pressure or MAOP refers to the wall strength of a pressurized cylinder

such as a pipeline or storage tank and how much pressure the walls may safely hold in normal operation. The MAOP is less than the MAWP (maximum allowable working pressure). MAWP being the maximum pressure based on the design codes that the weakest component of a pressure vessel can handle. Commonly standard wall thickness components are used in fabricating pressurized equipment, and hence are able to withstand pressures above their design pressure. Design pressure, is the maximum pressure a pressurized item can be exposed to. Due to the availability of standard wall thickness materials many components will have a MAWP higher than the required design pressure. Relief valves are set at the design pressure of the pressurized item and sized to prevent the pressurized item being over pressured. Depending on the design code that the pressurized item is designed, an overpressure allowance can be used when sizing the relief valve. This is +10% for PD 5500, and ASME Section VIII div 1 & 2 (with an additional +10% allowance in ASME Section VIII for a fire relief case). ASME has different criteria for steam boilers. Maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) Design pressure Maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) ASME "U" stamp The ASME "U" stamp is evidence and certification of an unfired pressure vessel built to Section VIII of the ASME Code. This means that a pressure vessel was specified, designed, fabricated, inspected and tested in accordance with this code. A plate with an ASME vessel number is attached to the component. An independent inspector must certify each and every vessel. Face of Flange A flange has either of the two types of faces: 1. Raised face 2. Flat face The F.O.F is used to know the accurate dimension of the flange in order to avoid the minute errors in measurement in case of vertical or horizontal pipe lines Telltale Hole As per API 650, Manhole Reinforcement Pad where needed telltale hole, shall be 1/4 (6 mm) diameter. (API 650-2003 - 3.7.5.1) For the Pneumatic testing purpose threading is provided. But the NPT specifies 1/4 NPT means OD 0.54 (13.7 mm). (ASME B1.20.1-1983). So please anybody can clarify whether we can go for the hole size 13.7 mm (OD) for reinforcement plates of the shell nozzle or it is mandatory to go for 6 mm diameter hole only. (Tank Constructed as per API 650). Reinforcing plates and saddles of nozzles attached to the outside of a vessel shall be provided with at least one telltale hole (maximum size % in. pipe tap) that may be tapped for a preliminary compressed air and soapsuds test for tightness of welds that seal off the inside of the vessel. These telltale holes may be left open or may be plugged when the vessel is in service. If the holes are plugged, the plugging material used shall not be capable of sustaining pressure between the reinforcing plate and the vessel wall. Difference between Material take off and Bill of Materials

A Material Takeoff is the process of analyzing (this includes list of materials with quantities and types, grades of materials and the weights of such materials) drawings and determining all the materials required to complete the design. A Bill of Materials is a document that shows detailed descriptions of materials used in completing a project, this includes, types of materials, specification of each item, cost of each item used, number and cost of labor used in completing the project. The major difference between the two is: MTO is needed to make a BOM, A BOM aids in the procurement and requisition of materials