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ADDITIONAL

MATHEMATICS
PROJECT





M R S M K U A L A K U B U B H A R U
5 D E D I K A S I
1 0 6 2 8
M R S . R O S Y U S N I T A B T M O H D M O K H D I R

LOW WEI YEE
WORK 1/2011
CRUDE OIL
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CONTENTS
No. Tlttle Puge
1 Introductlon
Introductlon Of Pro|ect 3
Ouestlon 4 6
2 Problem Solvlng
Purt 1 8 9
Purt 2 10 13
Purt 3 14 16
Purt 4 17 19
Purt 5 20 - 22
Further Explorutlon 23 24
3 Concluslon 25
4 Reflectlon 26



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INTRODUCTION OF ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 1/2011
The ulms of currylng out thls pro|ect work ure to enuble students to:
Apply muthemutlcs to everyduy sltuutlons und uppreclute the lmportunce und the
beuuty of muthemutlcs ln everyduy llves.
Improve problem solvlng skllls, thlnklng skllls, reusonlng skllls und muthemutlcul
communlcutlons.
Develop posltlve uttltude und lntrlnslc muthemutlcul vulues such us uccurucy,
confldence und systemutlc reusonlng.
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Stlmulute leurnlng envlronment thut enhunces effectlve leurnlng lnqulry-buse und
teumwork.
Develop muthemutlcul knowledge ln u wuy whlch lncreuse students lnterest und
confldence.

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OUESTION
Muluyslu's Petronus flnds new energy flelds offshore Suruwuk
Reuters - Monduy, Februury 14, 2011
KUALA LUMPUR, Feb 14 - Muluyslu's stute oll flrm Petronus suld on Monduy lt hus
dlscovered new oll und gus flelds through the drllllng of NC3 und Spuoh-1 wells ln Blocks
SK316 und SK306 ln offshore Suruwuk stute.
It suld drllllng of the NC3 wlldcut well und u subsequent upprulsul wellbrought
slgnlflcunt dlscovery ln Block SK316 wlth eurly estlmutlon of 2.6 trllllon stundurd cublc feet
of net gus ln pluce.
The Spuoh-1 well of 3,000 meters drllllng depth, locuted ln Block SK306 wus drllled
ln December 2010 und un eurly evuluutlon showed uround 100 mllllon burrels of oll und 0.2
trllllon stundurd cublc feet of gus ln pluce, respectlvely, lt suld.
"In the next three yeurs, over 50 explorutlon wells ure expected to be drllled offshore
Muluyslu by Petronus und lts productlon shurlng contructors," Petronus suld.
"These uctlvltles, especlully lf they result ln dlscoverles, ure expected to spur
buslness opportunltles ln the oll und gus lndustry und wlll promote upstreum lnvestment ln
the country."

Oll productlon pluys u very slgnlflcunt role ln Muluyslus economlc development.
Informutlon ubove shows the dlscovery of new oll reserves ln Muluyslu. Imuglne thut you
ure the leuder of u teum of professlonuls, und recelved u dlrectlve to go to the newly
lnstulled off-shore oll rlg to perform some tusks. On the wuy to the oll rlg, your teum needs
to stop by und does some mulntenunce |ob ut un offshore wlnd-furm whlch provldes the
energy needs of the oll rlg. The mulntenunce |ob tukes 2 hours to complete.
Dlugrum 1 ls glven to fucllltute your tusk. The urrows show the suggested route. The
locutlons of sunken treusures und sunken shlps ure preserved us hlgh securlty ureus whlch
ure out of bound to uny upprouchlng shlps. The corul reef ls the ecologlcully sensltlve ureu
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wlth muny endungered unlmul und plunt specles whlch ure protected by the Muluyslun
Flsherles Act 1985 (Act 317).

Dlugrum 1





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PART 1
Suggest two other posslble routes und stute whlch route ls the best. Construct u tuble of
compurlson between the suggested route und the two other posslble routes. Your tuble
should lnclude:
Dlstunce

PROBLEM
SOLVING




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Beurlngs
Coordlnutes where the course of the bout needs to be chunged
Posslble dungers und posslbllltles of lntrudlng lnto the preserved und conservutlon
ureus
Tlme estlmutlon, ussumlng thut the uveruge speed of your bout ls 35 km/hr.
Hence, |ustlfy your cholce.







Answers
Route 1.1 2.1 1.2 2.2 1.3 2.3
Dlstunce 173km 293km 73km 8km 130km 130km
Beurlng 010 007 070 090 059 059
Coordlnut
es


Posslble
Dungers
Corul
Reef
Corul
Reef
None None Glunt
octopus
Glunt
octopus
Tlme For Route 1, [(1.1), (1.2), (1.3)] = 1 Hour 3 Mlnutes 26.8 Seconds
For Route 2, [(2.1), (2.2), (2.3)] = 57 Mlnutes 30.26 Seconds

Judglng from the posslble dungers & posslbllltles of lntrudlng lnto the preserved und
conservutlon ureus und the tlme tuken to reuch the offshore oll rlg, Route 2 ls the
recommended optlon.

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PART 2
Your teum declded to use the suggested route us shown ln Dlugrum 1 und sturts the
|ourney ut 10.00u.m. The teum hus to reuch the oll rlg to uttend u meetlng ut 2.00p.m. on the
sume duy. Keep ln mlnd thut your teum needs to stuy 2 hours on the offshore wlndfurm to
check the wlnd generutlon system. There ls u seu current flowlng from eust to west ut u
constunt speed of 15km/h. Your bout cun truvel ut u speed of 36km/h ln stlll wuter.
Determlne the tlme your teum reuches the wlnd-furm und the oll rlg.








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Answers
u) Sturtlng Polnt


u 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A
36 2 = b 2 + 15 2 -2(b)(15) cos 97
1296 = b 2 + 225 30b cos 97
1071 = b 2 30b cos 97
0 = b 2 - 30b cos 97 1071
b = 30.9491km/h

Tlme Tuken = 293 km 30.941km/h
= 33 mlnutes 11.6 seconds


b) 2
nd
Route


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Vresultunt = Vbout Vcurrent
= 36km/h 15km/h
= 21km/h
Tlme Tuken = 8km 21km/h
= 22mlnutes 51.43seconds
c) 3
rd
Route



u 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A
36 2 = b 2 + 15 2 -2(b)(15) cos 149
1296 = b 2 + 225 30b cos 149
1071 = b 2 30b cos 149
0 = b 2 - 30b cos 149 1071
b = 22.304km/h
Tlme Tuken = 130km 22.304km/h
= 30 mlnutes 40.31seconds
Tlme to reuch offshore wlndfurm = 1000 + 0033 + 0023
= 1056 hour
= 10.56u.m.
Tlme to reuch offshore oll rlg = 1256 + 0031
= 1327 hour
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= 1.27 p.m.















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PART 3
Glven thut the power generuted by u slngle wlnd turblne us shown ln Dlugrum 2ls proportlonul to the
squure of the wlnd speed, u. The surfuce of the blude of the wlnd turblne A und the muchlne constunt,
c. l.e.

.
The energy, E produced ln t seconds ls glven by


If your teum hus obtulned the followlng meusurements:
Wlnd speed = 13m/s
Surfuce ureu of the wlnd turblne = 10


Power output = 10kW
(u) Flnd the vulue of the constunt c.
(b) Determlne how much tlme ls requlred to generute 50MJ of energy lf
l. The wlnd speed ls constunt ut 13m/s
ll. The functlon of the wlnd speed ls glven by .

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Answers
(u) Flnd the vulue of the constunt c.
.


10 000 = c 10


10 000 = c 1 690

= c
5.917 = c
(b) Determlne how much ls requlred to generute 50MJ of energy lf
l. The wlnd ls constunt ut 13m/s

= 50 000 000

= 50 000 000

= 50 000 000
10 000

0 = 50 000 000


t =
t = 70.71
ll. The functlon of the wlnd speed ls glven by .
50 000 000 =


50 000 000 =


50 000 000 =


50 000 000 =


50 000 000 =


150 000 000 = 0.023668


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= t
282.1515 = t

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PART 4
Referrlng to the lnformutlon glven ln the news from Reuters on 14 Feb 2011, The Spuoh-1
well of 3,000 meters drllllng depth, locuted ln Block SK306 wus drllled ln December 2010
und un eurly evuluutlon showed uround 100 mllllon burrels of oll, culculute:
(u) the uveruge rute of oll productlon (ln burrels of oll per hour) for the oll well so thut the
oll supply could lust for 10 yeurs
(b) the rute of lncreuse ln oll level ln the burrel, ln cm/mln, lf glven thut the burrel ls u
cyllnder wlth dlumeter of 0.5 meter und helght of 1 meters, und the tlme tuken to flll
up u burrel wlth oll ls 5 mlnutes.
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Answers
(u) the uveruge rute of oll productlon (ln burrels of oll per hour) for the oll well so thut the oll
supply could lust for 10 yeurs


100 000 000 = 3 000


= 33333


V = 33333

= 33333


= 33333


= 1141.5525
(b) The rute of lncreuse ln oll level ln the burrel, ln cm/mln, lf glven thut the burrel ls u
cyllnder wlth dlumeter of 0.5 meter und helght of 1 meters, und the tlme tuken to flll
up u burrel wlth oll ls 5 mlnutes.
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h
= 0.0625h

= 0.0625


= 0.0125


0.0125 = 0.0625

100
= 20cm/mlnute
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PART 5
Oll Reserves - Top 20 Nutlons (% of Globul)
Saudi Arabia has 261,700,000,000 barrels (bbl) of oil, fully 25% of the world's
oil. The United States has 22,450,000,000 bbl.

The United States government recently declared Alberta's oil sands to be 'proven
oil reserves.' Consequently, the U.S. upgraded its global oil estimates for Canada from
five billions to 175 billion barrels. Only Saudi Arabia has more oil. The U.S.
ambassador to Canada has said the United States needs this energy supply and has
called for a more streamlined regulatory process to encourage investment and
facilitate development.

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Oll Productlon & Consumptlon, Top 20 Nutlons by Productlon (% of Globul)
Here are the top 20 nations sorted by production, and their production and
consumption figures. Saudi Arabia produces the most at 8,711,000.00 bbl per day,
and the United States consumes the most at 19,650,000.00 bbl per day, a full 25% of
the world's oil consumption.

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Exports & Imports
Here's export and imports for all the nations listed in the CIA World Factbook,
sorted alphabetically as having exports and imports.
Conspicuously missing is the United States, but I can tell you that we consume
19,650,000.00 bbl per day, and produce 8,054,000.00, leaving a discrepancy of
11,596,000.00 bbl per day.
This compares to the European Union, which produces 3,244,000.00 bbl per
day and consumes 14,480,000.00 bbl per day for a discrepancy of 11,236,000.00 per
day. Basically, about the same.

World Oil Market and Oil Price Chronologies: 1970 - 2003
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FURTHER EXPLORATION
Petroleum engineers work in the technical profession that involves extracting oil
in increasingly difficult situations as the world's oil fields are found and depleted.
Petroleum engineers search the world for reservoirs containing oil or natural gas. Once
these resources are discovered, petroleum engineers work with geologists and other
specialists to understand the geologic formation and properties of the rock containing
the reservoir, determine the drilling methods to be used, and monitor drilling and
production operations.
Low-end Salary:
$58,600/yr

Median Salary:
$108,910/yr

High-end Salary:
$150,310/yr

Education:
Engineers typically enter the occupation with a bachelors degree in
mathematics or an engineering specialty, but some basic research positions may
require a graduate degree. Most engineering programs involve a concentration
of study in an engineering specialty, along with courses in both mathematics
and the physical and life sciences. Engineers offering their services directly to
the public must be licensed. Continuing education to keep current with rapidly
changing technology is important for engineers.


Math Required:
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o Algebra
o Geometry
o Trigonometry
o Calculus I and II
o Linear Algebra
o Differential
o Equations
o Statistics
When Math Is Used:
Improvements in mathematical computer modeling, materials and the
application of statistics, probability analysis, and new technologies like
horizontal drilling and enhanced oil recovery, have drastically improved the
toolbox of the petroleum engineer in recent decades.
Potential Employers:
About 37 percent of engineering jobs are found in manufacturing
industries and another 28 percent in professional, scientific, and technical
services, primarily in architectural, engineering, and related services. Many
engineers also work in the construction, telecommunications, and wholesale
trade industries. Some engineers also work for Federal, State, and local
governments in highway and public works departments. Ultimately, the type of
engineer determines the type of potential employer.
Facts:
Engineering diplomas accounted for 12 of the 15 top-paying majors, with
petroleum engineering earning the highest average starting salary of $83,121.


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CONCLUSION
I have done many researches throughout the internet and discussing with a
friend who have helped me a lot in completing this project. Through the completion of
this project, I havelearned many skills and techniques. This project really helps me to
understand more about the uses of progressions in our daily life.This project also
helped expose the techniques of application of additional mathematics in real life
situations. I have found a lot of information while conducting this project. Apart from
that, this project encourages the student to work together and share their knowledge.
It is also encourage student to gather information from theinternet, improve thinking
skills and promote effective mathematical communication. Last but not least, I
proposed this project should be continue because it brings a lot of moral values to the
student and also test the students understanding in Additional Mathematics.



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REFLECTION
After spending countless hours, day andnight to finish this Additional
Mathematics Project, here is what I gotto say:
ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
IS
THE
WAY
OF
LIFE
Doing this project makes me realize howimportant Additional
Mathematicsis.Also, completing this project makesme realize how fun it is and likable
isAdditional Mathematics.

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