Journal of Adolescent Health Volume 43, Issue 1, July 2008, Pages 79-86

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.005 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI

Cited By in Scopus (17)

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Original article Fast Food Intake: Longitudinal Trends during the Transition to Young Adulthood and Correlates of Intake

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Nicole I. Larson Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D.a, , , Dianne R. Neumark-Sztainer Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D.a, c, Mary T. Story Ph.D., R.D.a, Melanie M. Wall Ph.D.b, Lisa J. Harnack Dr.PH., R.D.a and Marla E. Eisenberg Sc.D., M.P.H.c Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
b a

Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Received 24 August 2007; accepted 6 December 2007. Available online 10 March 2008.

Abstract
Purpose Frequent fast food intake is associated with poorer diet quality and greater weight gain. The aims of this study were to describe changes in fast food intake during the transition from middle adolescence to young adulthood, and to identify baseline correlates of this eating behavior in early young adulthood. Methods

Data were drawn from Project EAT, a population-based, longitudinal study in Minnesota. Surveys were completed by 935 females and 751 males in high school classrooms at baseline (19981999; mean age = 15.9 years) and by mail at follow-up (20032004; mean age = 20.5 years). Results Frequent intake of fast food (3 times/week) was reported by 24% of males and 21% of females during adolescence. At follow-up, in early young adulthood the eating behavior increased among males (33%, p < .001), and there was no further increase among females (23%; p = .16). Baseline snack frequency was positively associated with frequency of fast food intake at followup among both genders. Baseline peer support for healthy eating among males and both concern about health and self-efficacy for healthy eating among females were inversely related to followup fast food intake. Among females, baseline perceptions of time and taste barriers to healthy eating, lunch frequency, television viewing, and unhealthy food availability at home were also positively associated with follow-up fast food intake. Conclusions Interventions are needed to address the high prevalence of frequent fast food intake among adolescents and young adults. Health professionals should help young people identify convenient and healthful food choices for meals and snacks consumed away from home.
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ournal of the American Dietetic Association Volume 103, Issue 10, October 2003, Pages 1332-1338
doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(03)01086-1 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI

Cited By in Scopus (154)

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Research Fast-food consumption among US adults and children: Dietary and nutrient intake profile

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Sahasporn Paeratakul MBBS, PhD , , Daphne P. Ferdinand MN, RN, Catherine M. Champagne RD, PhD, Donna H. Ryan MD and George A. Bray MD [Author vitae]

Available online 8 October 2004.

Abstract
Objective To examine the dietary profile associated with fast-food use. To compare the dietary intake of individuals on the day that they ate fast food with the day that fast food was not eaten. Design Cross-sectional study design. The dietary intake of individuals who reported eating fast food on one or both survey days was compared with those who did not report eating fast food. Among the individuals who reported eating fast food, dietary intake on the day when fast food was eaten was compared with the day when fast food was not eaten. Weighted comparison of mean intakes and pairwise t-test were used in the statistical analysis. Subjects/setting Data from 17,370 adults and children who participated in the 1994-1996 and 1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. Dietary intake data were collected by 2 non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. Results Fast-food use was reported by 37% of the adults and 42% of the children. Adults and children who reported eating fast food had higher intake of energy, fat, saturated fat, sodium, carbonated soft drink, and lower intake of vitamins A and C, milk, fruits and vegetables than those who did not reported eating fast food (P<.001). Similar differences were observed among individuals between the day when fast food was eaten and the day when fast food was not eaten. Conclusions Consumers should be aware that consumption of high-fat fast food may contribute to higher energy and fat intake, and lower intake of healthful nutrients. Economics & Human Biology Volume 9, Issue 3, July 2011, Pages 221-233
doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2011.02.004 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI

Cited By in Scopus (0)

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Exposure to food advertising on television: Associations with children's fast food and soft drink consumption and obesity

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Tatiana Andreyevaa,
a

, Inas Rashad Kellyb,

and Jennifer L. Harrisa,

Yale University, Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity, 309 Edwards Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8369, United States
b

Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, NY 11367, United States Received 23 July 2010; revised 14 February 2011; accepted 24 February 2011. Available online 5 March 2011.

Abstract
There is insufficient research on the direct effects of food advertising on children's diet and dietrelated health, particularly in non-experimental settings. We employ a nationally-representative sample from the Early Childhood Longitudinal SurveyKindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) and the Nielsen Company data on spot television advertising of cereals, fast food restaurants and soft drinks to children across the top 55 designated-market areas to estimate the relation between exposure to food advertising on television and children's food consumption and body weight. Our results suggest that soft drink and fast food television advertising is associated with increased consumption of soft drinks and fast food among elementary school children (Grade 5). Exposure to 100 incremental TV ads for sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drinks during 2002 2004 was associated with a 9.4% rise in children's consumption of soft drinks in 2004. The same increase in exposure to fast food advertising was associated with a 1.1% rise in children's consumption of fast food. There was no detectable link between advertising exposure and average body weight, but fast food advertising was significantly associated with body mass index for overweight and obese children (85th BMI percentile), revealing detectable effects for a vulnerable group of children. Exposure to advertising for calorie-dense nutrient-poor foods may increase overall consumption of unhealthy food categories. Highlights

There is insufficient research on the direct effects of food advertising on child health. Using nationally representative individual-level data, this study analyzes the effect of advertising on consumption. Exposure to 100 incremental TV ads for sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drinks was related to a 9.4% rise in children's consumption of soft drinks. Fast food advertising was significantly related to body mass index for children 85th BMI percentile. Evidence suggests that advertising can increase overall consumption of unhealthy food categories.

Interactive effects of reward sensitivity and residential fast-food restaurant exposure on fast-food consumption1,2,3
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Catherine Paquet, Mark Daniel, Brbel Knuper, Lise Gauvin, Yan Kestens, and Laurette Dub

+ Author Affiliations 1.
1

From the School of Health Sciences University of South Australia Adelaide Australia (CPMD); the Department of Medicine St Vincent's Hospital The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia (MD); the Psychology Department McGill University Montreal Canada (BK); the Dpartement de Medecine Sociale et Prventive Universit de Montral Montreal Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit de Montral Montreal Canada (LGYK); the Direction de Sant Publique de Montral Montreal Canada (YK);the Faculty of Management McGill University Montreal Canada (LD).

+ Author Notes
y

2 Data collection was provided in equal parts through the Canada Research Chairs program and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (grant 201252; MD), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant 200203 MOP 57805; to LG), and Fonds de la Recherche en Sant du Qubec (team grant 8394; to LD). CP was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Fonds de la Recherche en Sant du Qubec; MD was supported by a Canada Research Chair for Biopsychosocial Pathways in Population Health, awarded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; and YK was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. LG holds a Canadian Institutes for Health Research/Centre de Recherche en Prevention de l'Obsit Chair in Applied Public Health Chair on Neighbourhoods, Lifestyle, and Healthy Body Weight. LD holds the James McGill Chair in Consumer and Lifestyle Psychology and Marketing. MD holds a Research Chair for Social Epidemiology at the University of South Australia.

3 Address correspondence to C Paquet, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. E-mail: catherine.paquet@unisa.edu.au.

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Abstract
Background: Local fast-food environments have been increasingly linked to obesity and related outcomes. Individuals who are more sensitive to reward-related cues might be more responsive to such environments. Objective: This study aimed to assess the moderating role of sensitivity to reward on the relation between residential fast-food restaurant exposure and fast-food consumption. Design: Four hundred fifteen individuals (49.6% men; mean age: 34.7 y) were sampled from 7 Montreal census tracts stratified by socioeconomic status and French/English language. The frequency of fast-food restaurant visits in the previous week was self-reported. Sensitivity to reward was self-reported by using the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) scale. Fast-food restaurant exposure within 500 m of the participants' residence was determined by using a Geographic Information System. Main and interactive effects of the BAS and fast-food restaurant exposure on fast-food consumption were tested with logistic regression models that accounted for clustering of observations and participants' age, sex, education, and household income. Results: Regression results showed a significant interaction between BAS and fast-food restaurant exposure (P < 0.001). Analysis of BAS tertiles indicated that the association between neighborhood fast-food restaurant exposure and consumption was positive for the highest tertile (odds ratio: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.84; P < 0.001) but null for the intermediate (odds ratio: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.34; P = 0.81) and lowest (odds ratio: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.51, 1.37; P = 0.49) tertiles. Conclusion: Reward-sensitive individuals may be more responsive to unhealthful cues in their immediate environment. Regular Consumption from Fast Food Establishments Relative to Other Restaurants Is Differentially Associated with Metabolic Outcomes in Young Adults1,2 Kiyah J. Duffey,3 Penny Gordon-Larsen,3,4 Lyn M. Steffen,5 David R. Jacobs, Jr,5,6 and Barry M. Popkin3,4* 3 Department of Nutrition, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, and 4Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27510; 5Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454; and 6Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: popkin@unc.edu. Received April 30, 2009; Revised May 29, 2009; Accepted August 20, 2009.

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

y

Other Sections o Abstract o Introduction o Participants and Methods o Results o Discussion o References

Abstract Although away-from-home eating is adversely associated with weight, other comorbidities have not been examined; therefore, we sought to determine the associations of fast food (e.g. Wendy's, McDonalds) and restaurant (sit-down style) consumption (times per week) with weight and multiple metabolic outcomes, including homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), waist circumference, and plasma triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). We used 3 waves of data (exam y 7, 10, and 20) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, a prospective cohort study of black and white young adults [aged 2542 y in 199293, n = 3643 (men, 1659; women, 1984)]. Individuals in the highest (vs. lowest) quartile of baseline (defined as the mean of y 7 and 10) fast food consumption had higher y 20 weight [adjusted mean (95% CI): 5.6 kg (CI, 2.1, 9.2); P = 0.002], HOMA-IR [0.9 (CI, 0.4, 1.3); P < 0.001], waist circumference [5.3 cm (CI, 2.8, 7.9); P < 0.000], TG concentrations [0.25 mmol/L (CI, 0.10, 0.40), 22.7 mg/dL (CI, 9.1, 36.3); P = 0.001], and lower HDL-C concentrations [0.014 mmol/L (CI, 0.215, 0.067), 5.4 mg/dL (CI, 8.3, 2.6); P < 0.000]. Baseline restaurant consumption was unrelated to y 20 outcomes. Adjusted change in weekly restaurant (P < 0.05) and fast food intake (P < 0.001) was associated with 13-y changes in body weight [0.09 kg (CI, 0.02, 0.17) and 0.15 kg (CI, 0.06, 0.24), respectively] and waist circumference [0.08 cm (CI, 0.02, 0.14) and 0.12 cm (CI, 0.04, 0.20), respectively]. Fast food consumption may be an important target for the prevention of adverse metabolic health outcomes.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 78, No. 6, 1068-1073, December 2003 2003 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

COMMENTARY

Changes in childhood food consumption patterns: a cause for concern in light of increasing body weights1,2,3
Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Kathleen L Keller and Steven B Heymsfield
1

From the Institute of Human Nutrition and the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the Obesity Research Center, St Luke s-Roosevelt Hospital, New York.

Supported by a fellowship from Bristol-Myers Squibb-Mead Johnson (to M-PSt-O).

Reprints not available. Address correspondence to SB Heymsfield, St Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Obesity Research Center, 1090 Amsterdam Avenue, 14th floor, New York, NY 10025. E-mail: sbh2@columbia.edu.

ABSTRACT
Childhood obesity is currently at its highest: recent statistics show that 16% of children between the ages of 6 and 11 y are overweight [ 95th percentile of body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) for age] and that an additional 14.3% are at risk of becoming overweight ( 85th percentile but < 95th percentile of BMI for age). As chidrens body weights have increased, so has their consumption of fast foods and soft drinks. The proportion of foods that children consumed from restaurants and fast food outlets increased by nearly 300% between 1977 and 1996. Childrens soft drink consumption has also increased during those years, and now soft drinks provide soft drink consumers 188 kcal/d beyond the energy intake of nonconsumers. These changes in food intakes among children may partly explain the rise in childhood obesity observed in the past few years. Although the mechanism of appetite regulation will not be explored in this report, it is hypothesized that the greater energy intakes in children who consume large amounts of soft drinks and fast foods are not compensated for by increased physical activity or decreased energy intakes. Furthermore, overweight and obesity in childhood may predispose persons to morbidity in adulthood. Blood pressure and fasting insulin and cholesterol concentrations are higher in overweight children than in normal-weight children. This review focuses on current food patterns and eating habits of children, in an attempt to explain their increasing BMI. In addition, a critical review of food service and political practices regarding food choices for children at school is included.