1.

CDMA2000-1X Link Budget

The CDMA link budget depends on four types of parameter: system parameter, Base Station parameter, terminal parameter, and margin.

1.1.1

Reverse Link Budget The reverse link budget result of different services in urban environment is listed in the table:

Table1 detailed reverse link budget procedure of MS in urban

Voice (kbps) 9.6 Max transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) EiRP of terminal (dBm)

PDS (kbps) 9.6 19.2 38.4 76.8 153.6

CDS(kb ps) 14.4

Formula

21.55

19.17

20.50

21.29

21.91

22.35

21.55

19.55

17.17

18.50

19.29

19.91

20.35

19.55

A, considering antenna gain and connect loss of MS B, use Agisson DX-806-96065-18i-0F for example Average Hb is 40m, C, Considering the loss of 5m 1/2-inch jumper and 0.2 dB loss of connectors. D E G=-174+D+E +10lg(Rb)+F

Antenna gain of BTS (dBi)

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

Feeder cable length in BTS (m) Loss of BS feeder cable and connector (dB) Noise figure of receiver (dB) Eb/No (dB) Receiver sensitivity (dB)

45

45

45

45

45

45

45

1.81

1.81

1.81

1.81

1.81

1.81

1.81

3.7 3.64
-126.84

3.7 3.37
-127.11

3.7 3.04
-124.43

3.7 2.52
-121.93

3.7 2.21
-119.23

3.7 1.99
-116.45

3.7

5.02
-123.70

Max path loss (dB) Body loss (dB) Soft handoff gain (dB) Shadow fading margin (dB) Penetration loss (dB) Interference margin (dB) Allowable propagation loss for required coverage (dB)

161.82

159.70

158.35

156.65

154.57

152.23

158.68

I=A+BC GFH J K

3 3

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

M N, 50% reverse load,

2.44

2.44

2.44

2.44

2.44

2.44 2.44

133.88

131.76

130.41

128.71

126.63

124.29

130.74

PL = I J + K LMN

And then, we can get the reverse link allowable propagation loss of other terminals in various environments by the same calculation method as table 1. The calculation result is listed in the follows table 2: Table 2, reverse link allowable propagation loss for required coverage (dB) Environment Urban (indoor) Terminal type MS Voice 9.6
133.88

PDS (kbps) 9.6

131.76

CDS(kbps) 38.4
128.71

19.2
130.41

76.8
126.63

153.6
124.29

14.4
130.74

Depends on the reverse link budget result which is shown in the table 2, we estimated the coverage radius of voice service and various data service as shown in Table 3 Table 3, coverage radius estimation for urban environment Coverage Radius Estimation (Km) Environmen t Terminal type
Voic e 9.6 PDS (kbps) 9.6 1.756 19.2 1.604 38.4 1.432 76.8 1.246 153.6 1.065 CDS(kbps) 14.4 1.648

Urban /indoor

MS

2.024

1.2
1.2.1

CDMA2000 EVDO Link Budget

Parameters List and Analysis The key to the link budget is the analysis of related parameters. Here is the explanation of these parameters and their value analysis. System parameters:

Carrier Frequency

There are three frequency band can be used in CDMA2000 1x EV-DO: 450MHz, 800MHz and 1900MHz. The link budgets in this document mainly use 800MHz.

Spread Bandwidth

Spectrum spread bandwidth of CDMA1x EVDO is 1.2288MHz

Data Rate

Reverse rate: 9.6kpbs, 19.2kpbs, 38.4kpbs, 76.8kpbs, and 153.6kpbs Forward rate: 38.4kpbs, 76.8kpbs, 153.6kpbs, 307.2kpbs, 614.4kpbs, 921.6kpbs, 1228.8kpbs, 1843.2kpbs, 2457.6kpbs

Process Gain

Its value equals to the ratio of the spectrum spread bandwidth over the data rate.

Thermal Noise

Thermal noise 10LogKTB+Noise figure K=1.38*10-23J/K Boltzman constant T: Absolute temperature, generally 300K B: System bandwidth

Base Station parameters:

Data Rate(kbps)

PER 0.5%

Urban
1.96 1.67 1.35 1.80 1.59 1.27 1.82 1.73 1.41 2.28 2.21 1.80 4.04 3.82 3.54

9.6

1% 3% 0.5%

19.2

1% 3% 0.5%

38.4

1% 3% 0.5%

76.8

1% 3% 0.5%

153.6

1% 3%

Transmitter Power

Maximal transmit power of base stations is 20W (43.01dBm) 18 dBi

Antenna Gain

Feeder loss

Urban Antenna Heightm Feeder Cable Lengthm Feeder Cable Type Feeder Cable LossdB/100m800MHZ 40 45 7/8 4.03

Reverse Link Eb/Nt (800Mhz) Noise Figure of Receiver

The receiver will add noises into the signal when it passes the receiver. And it is the property of the equipment. Different equipment has a different noise factor. The noise figure of the Huawei BTS is 3.7 dB. Subscriber station parameters

Transmitter Power

Maximal transmit power of mobile station is 200mW (23.01dBm)

Gain of Antenna

Generally, it is taken that the MS antenna and the connection loss are 0dB.

Body Loss

In the data service, the mobile terminal is not close to the human body and the human body loss can be ignored in this case.

Forward Link Eb/Nt (800Mhz)

Slots PER 0.5% Urban 6.80 5.57 4.26 7.34 6.15 4.61 7.33 6.14 4.50 7.42 6.23 4.59 7.41 6.32

Data Rate(kbps)

38.4

16

1% 3% 0.5%

76.8

1% 3% 0.5%

153.6

1% 3% 0.5%

307.2

1% 3%

307.2

0.5% 1%

3% 0.5% 614.4 1 1% 3% 0.5% 614.4 2 1% 3% 0.5% 921.6 2 1% 3% 0.5% 1228.8 1 1% 3% 0.5% 1228.8 2 1% 3% 0.5% 1843.2 1 1% 3% 0.5% 2457.6 1 1% 3%

4.78 7.61 6.42 4.88 7.50 6.31 4.77 8.34 7.25 5.71 9.40 8.21 6.62 9.89 8.70 7.26 13.04 11.75 10.21 16.39 15.10 13.46

Noise Figure of Receiver

Generally, the noise figure of the MS is 9 dB. Margin:

Shadow fading margin

Situation Area Coverage Probability Urban 90%

Marginal Coverage Probability Shadow fading Margin (dB) 1.2.2 Reverse link budget table

75% 5.5

Table 1, Detailed reverse link budget procedure of 800 MHz & single antenna terminal & 3 sectors & indoor:

Morphology Data Rate(kbps) Data Rate(dB-Hz) MS Transfer Power(mW) Max Transmit Power per Traffic Channel(dBm) MS Cable & Connector Loss (dB) MS Rx Antenna Gain(dBi) EIRP(dBm) Antenna Gain of BTS(dBi) Feeder Cable Length in BTS(m) Loss of BTS Feeder Cable and Connector(dB) Noise Figure of Receiver(dB) Required Eb/Nt per Antenna @ 0% Loading(dB) Receiver Sensitivity(dB) Actual Environment Sensitivity(dB) Max Path Loss(dB) Body Loss Soft Handoff Gain(dB) Standard Deviation of Shadow Fading(dB) Area Margin Coverage Probability Shadow Fading Margin(dB) Clutter Loss(dB)

Urban

Formula

19.2
42.83 200.00 23.01 0 0 23.01 17 45 3.23 4.0 1.27 -124.89 -124.89 162.67 0 4.1 8.0 90% 5.5 20

B C D E=B-C+D F

G H I J=-174+H+I+A K=J L=E+F-G-K M N

O P

Interference Margin(dB) Reverse System Load Differential Fade Margin(dB) Reverse Noise Floor Correction(dB) Second Environment Correction(dB) Allowable Propagation Loss for Required Coverage(dB) Antenna Height of Terminal(m) Antenna Height of BTS(m) RL Coverage Radius(km)

3.01 50% 2.1 0 0

136.16

R S T U=L-M+N-O-P-QR-S-T

1.5 40 1.526

And then, we can get the reverse link allowable propagation loss in various environments by the same calculation method as table 1. The calculation result is listed in the follows table 2: Table 2, reverse link budget of single Antenna terminal for urban area (800MHz) Data Rate (kbps) 9.6 Allowable Prop. Loss for required coverage (dB) Outdoor Coverage Radius (km)
133.26

19.2
131.9

38.4
130.75

76.8
129.08

153.6
127.02

1.836

1.656

1.526

1.357

1.178