2.

When you think of heart disease, usually people think of coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries leading to the heart), but coronary artery disease is just one type of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease includes a number of conditions affecting the structures or function of the heart. They can include: Coronary Artery Disease Coronary artery disease (CAD) is atherosclerosis, or hardening, of the arteries that provide vital oxygen and nutrients to the heart. Abnormal Heart Rhythms The heart is an amazing organ. It beats in a steady, even rhythm, about 60 to 100 times each minute (that's about 100,000 times each day!). But, sometimes your heart gets out of rhythm. An irregular or abnormal heartbeat is called an arrhythmia. An arrhythmia (also called a dysrhythmia) can involve a change in the rhythm, producing an uneven heartbeat, or a change in the rate, causing a very slow or very fast heartbeat.

Congenital heart disease is a type of defect in one or more structures of the heart or blood vessels that occurs before birth.

Cardiomyopathies Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle itself. People with cardiomyopathies -- sometimes called an enlarged heart -- have hearts that are abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. As a result, the heart's ability to pump blood is weakened. Without treatment, cardiomyopathies worsen over time and often lead to heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms.
Pericarditis Pericarditis is inflammation of the lining that surrounds the heart. It is a rare condition often caused by an infection. Aorta Disease and Marfan syndrome The aorta is the large artery that leaves the heart and provides oxygenrich blood throughout the body. These diseases and conditions can cause the aorta to dilate (widen) or dissect (tear), increasing the risk for future life-threatening events, such as: Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). High blood pressure. Genetic conditions such as Marfan Syndrome. Connective tissue disorders (that affect the strength of the blood vessel walls) such as, scleroderma, osteogenesis imperfecta, polycystic kidney disease, and Turner's syndrome.

Heart Failure The term "heart failure" can be frightening. It does not mean the heart has "failed" or stopped working. It means the heart does not pump as well as it should. This then leads to salt and water retention, causing swelling and shortness of breath. The swelling and shortness of breath are the primary symptoms of heart failure. Heart Valve Disease Your heart valves lie at the exit of each of your four heart chambers and maintain one-way blood-flow through your heart. Congenital Heart Disease

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Injury. People with aorta disease should be treated by an experienced team of cardiovascular specialists and surgeons.

Other Vascular Diseases Your circulatory system is the system of blood vessels that carry blood to every part of your body. Vascular disease includes any condition that affects your circulatory system. These include diseases of the arteries and blood flow to the brain. 3. Well, most of us can feel anxious and with much stress at some point in our lives. This is why we can't say that someone has hypertension if the first reading says, for example, that your blood pressure is between 140-159/90-99 mmHg. Because of this, your doctor can't diagnose hypertension if your reading is between 140-159/90-99 mmHg for the first time. After the first visit to your doctor, it will be necessary to make two or more readings before a diagnosis of hypertension can be done.

612 months 13 years 35 years 610 years 1114 years 14+ years

80-140 80-130 80-120 70-110 60-105 60-100

20-30 20-30 20-30 15-30 12-20 12-20

Blood pressure is defined by different range of values.

Let's see:

if your blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg, then it is considered normal. If your blood pressure is between 120-129/80-89 mmHg, then it is considered as pre-hypertension. At this stage you should monitor it more often. Remember that you can have pre-hypertension, even if you don't feel any specific symptom. if your blood pressure is between 140-159/90-99, then this means that this is classified as primary hypertension, or also called stage 1 hypertension. if your blood pressure is between 160-179/100-109, then this is classified assecondary hypertension, or also called stage 2 hypertension.

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See the chart below to learn the range of values:

STAGES Normal Pre-hypertension Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

SYSTOLIC Less than 120 120 - 139 systolic 140 - 159 systolic 160 - 179 systolic 180 - 209 systolic Greater than 210

DIASTOLIC Less than 80 80 - 89 diastolic 90 - 99 diastolic 100 - 109 diastolic 110 - 119 diastolic Greater than 120

Age Newborn 05 months

Normal heart rate [14] (beats per minute) 100-160

[16]

Normal respiratory rate [15] (breaths per minute) 30-50 25-40

90-150