Viva voice question Propulsion lab

1)

What is free convection?

In case of convection, the fluid motion may occur by density differences caused by temp differences. Such a case is known as free or natural convection.

2)

What is forced convection? When fluid motion is caused by an external agency such as a pump fan or atmospheric winds that case is known as forced convection

3)

Define Cp? Cp is defined as the rate of change of enthalpy with respect to temperature when the pressure is constant.

4)

What is the purpose of Bomb Calorimeter? It is used to determine the calorific value of fuels. A bomb calorimeter is a type of constant-volume calorimeter used in measuring the heat of combustion of a particular reaction.

5) What is cascading? A cascade is a stationary array of blades.The cascade is constructed for measurement of performance of blade similar to that used in axial compressor

6) Define Conduction? It is a microscopic phenomenon. Governing rate eqn for conduction is given by fouriers law. Its state that the rate of flow by conduction in a given direction is proportional to the area normal to the direction of heat flow and to the gradient of temperature in that direction.

7) Define Convection? It is a macroscopic phenomenon. When a fluid flows over a body that is at different temperature than itself, heat transfer occurs by convection. The fluid motion may occur by density differences caused by temperature differences. Such cases is known as convection.

8) Define radiation? All the bodies above the temperature of 0 k emit radiation. Two theory Maxwells wave theory Planks corpuscular theory

9) Define thermal radiation? The radiation emitted over the wave length range of 0.1m to 100m is known as the thermal radiation. 10) What are the different modes of heat transfer? Conduction
Convection Radiation

11) What are the types of inlets?

Subsonic inlet
Supersonic inlet

Modes of inlets operation Low subcritical

High subcritical Critical Supercritical

12) What are the types of compressors? Axial compressors

Centrifugal compressors

13) What are the types of combustion chamber?

Annular Can Tubular Can-Annular

14) Which type of combustion chamber is best suitable for a/c application? Can-Annular 15) What are the types of turbines?
Axial turbine Gas turbine Wind turbine Water turbine

16) Classify the Nozzles?

Convergent nozzle Divergent nozzle C-D nozzle

 Bell& cone shape nozzle Aerospike nozzle Truncated nozzle

17) When to use Convergent nozzle? It is used to subsonic & sonic flow. It is also used to expansion for exhaust gases. 18) When to use divergent nozzle? It is used to diffuser section. Where increase the static pressure rise. 19) When to use C-D nozzle? It is used to supersonic flow. When the velocity of fluid increases with corresponding drop in pressure. 20) What do you mean by supersonic combustion? It is used to Ramjet. The concept of the supersonic combustion ramjet as way to avoid this dissociation loss as well as the stagnation pressure losses associated with deceleration in supersonic to subsonic inlets. 21) What is prandtl number? Pnu= (CP/K) It is in fact of the order of unity for most gases, This similarly is worth examining. 22) Define Reynolds number? Re is a dimensionless number that gives a measure of the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. 23)Define Lift and Drag? Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. The air resists the motion of the aircraft and the resistance force is called drag. Drag is directed along and opposed to the flight direction. 24) Classify piston engine? 1)In-line, upright & inverted 2) v type, upright & inverted 3) Radial type 25) Give some exambles of the aircraft with radial tybe piston engines?

1)Biplane 2)Military 3)commercial 4)U-S bombers 5)Transport aircraft 26) What is the purpose of Bomb calorimeter? It is used to determine the change in temperature of water due to specific heat of fuel. The temperature change in the water is then accurately measured. This change in temperature of water is used to determine the Calorific value of fuels. 27) What is the difference between piston engine and jet engine? Piston engine A piston engine utilizes the linear motion of cylinders/pistons to combust the gasoline that drives the vehicle or appliance. Jet engine A jet engine, however, uses a fluid (air) intake to assist in the compression of fuel. It comprises of many turbines and compression components that synchronize to force the expended fuel out the nozzle of the engine.

28) What is the difference between jet engine and rocket engine? Jet engine Aircraft are propelled by airbreathing jet engines. Mechanical devices are also used. The Jet consists of air plus combustion products. Oxygen is obtained from the surrounding atmosphere for combustion purposes. Rocket engine Rocket are propelled by non airbreathing engines. Mechanical devices are not used. The Jet consists of the exhaust gases only. The propulsion unit consists of its own oxygen supply for combustion purposes.

29) Differentiate between a scramjet and a ramjet engine?

Ramjet In a ramjet, the combustion chamber - where the air is mixed with fuel and ignited only works at subsonic speeds. So the intake slows the air down, releasing some of its energy as a shock wave, but this reduces fuel efficiency.

Scramjet The scramjet is an innovation on the ramjet in which the combustion chamber is specially designed to operate with supersonic airflow. Scramjet is simply an acronym for 'supersonic combustion' ramjet.

30) What is difference between compressor & turbine blade? Compressor blade A compressor blade adds energy to the air by increasing its pressure and density as it moves through the engine. Compressor blades are made of special steel, alloys, or materials that do not usually distort or creep appreciably under high loads at elevated temperatures. Turbine blade turbine blades often use exotic materials like super alloys and many different methods of cooling, such as internal air channels, boundary layer cooling, and thermal barrier coatings.

31) What is difference between centrifugal & axial flow compressor? Centrifugal compressor The centrifugal flow compresor has a single or two stage unit using an impeller to accelerate the air and a diffuser to produce the required pressure rise. Axial flow compressor The axial flow compressor is a multi-stage unit using alternate rows of rotating (rotor) blades and stationary (stator) vanes, to accelerate and diffuse the air until the required pressure rise is reached The centrifugal compressor But the axial compresor is more rugged than the axial consumes more air than a and is also easier to develop centrifugal compressor even with the same frontal area. and manufacture.