USB DEVICES

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a new way of attaching devices to personal computers. The bus architecture features two-way communication and has been developed as a response to devices becoming smarter and requiring more interaction with the host. USB support is included in all current PC chipsets and is therefore available in all recently built PCs. Apple's introduction of the USB-only iMac has been a major incentive for hardware manufacturers to produce USB versions of their devices. The future PC specifications specify that all legacy connectors on PCs should be replaced by one or more USB connectors, providing generic plug and play capabilities. Support for USB hardware was available at a very early stage in NetBSD and was developed by Lennart Augustsson for the NetBSD project. The code has been ported to FreeBSD and we are currently maintaining a shared code base. For the implementation of the USB subsystem a number of features of USB are important.
Devices

connect to ports on the computer directly or on devices called hubs, forming a treelike device structure. The devices can be connected and disconnected at run time. Devices can suspend themselves and trigger resumes of the host system As the devices can be powered from the bus, the host software has to keep track of power budgets for each hub. Different quality of service requirements by the different device types together with the maximum of 126 devices that can be connected to the same bus, require proper scheduling of transfers on the shared bus to take full advantage of the 12Mbps bandwidth available. (over 400Mbps with USB 2.0) Devices are intelligent and contain easily accessible information about themselves

The USB mass storage device class, otherwise known as USB MSC or UMS, is a protocol that allows a Universal Serial Bus (USB) device to become accessible to a host computing device, to enable file transfers between the two. To the host device, the USB device appears similar to an external hard drive, enabling drag-and-drop file transfers. The USB mass storage device class comprises a set of computing communications protocols defined by the USB Implementers Forum that run on the Universal Serial Bus. The standard provides an interface to a variety of storage devices.

An USB flash drive like this one will typically implement the USB mass storage device class. Some of the devices that are connected to computers via this standard include:

external magnetic hard drives external optical drives, including CD and DVD reader and writer drives portable flash memory devices adapters bridging between standard flash memory cards and USB connections digital cameras various digital audio players and portable media players card readers PDAs mobile phones

USB DEVICE 1. PEN DRIVES

USE A Pen Drive is a removable storage device that plugs into a computer's USB port. Small enough to carry on a key ring, Pen Drives are great for transferring photos, music, documents and any other data from one computer to another

INVENTION Pen Drives were invented by IBM in 1988 as a replacement to Floppy Disks

FEATURES USB flash drives offer the capacity of a modest hard drive, the portability of a cigarette lighter, and the plug-andplay simplicity of a modern peripheral.

BRANDS 1.Cruzer Blade(wat erproof) 2.Sandisk

PRICE RANGE Rs. 325(4GB)Rs. 1075(16GB) Rs.300(4GB)Rs.1050(16GB)

FIGURE

3.HP MICRO

Rs.350

2.USB HARD DISKS

A USB flash drive consists of a flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk. Most weigh less than 30 g (1 oz). Storage capacities in 2010 can be as large as 256 GB with steady improvements in size and price per capacity expected. Some allow 1 million write or erase cycles and offer a 10-year shelf storage time

Trek Technology and IBM began selling the first USB flash drives commercially in 2000. The Singaporean Trek Technology sold a model under the brand name "ThumbDrive ", and IBM marketed the first such drives in North America with its product named the "DiskOnKey" which was developed and manufactured by the Israeli company MSystems.

Flash memory combines a number of older technologies, with lower cost, lower power consumption and small size made possible by advances in microprocess or technology.

500 GB (2.0 and 3.0 DRIVE) 1.Seagate 2.Toshiba 3.Western Digital Rs. 2650 Rs.2850 +Rs.1200(wire)

3.DRIVING WHEELS (Gaming wheels)

A driving wheel is the preferred method of control for use in racing video games, racing simulators, and driving simulators. They are usually packaged with a large paddle style d as a steering wheel, along with a set of pedals for gas, brake, and sometimes clutch actuation, as well as various shifter controls. An analog wheel and pedal set such as this allows the user to accurately manipulate steering angle and pedal control that is required to properly manage a simulated car, as opposed to digital control such as a keyboard. The relatively large range of motion further allows the user to more accurately apply the controls. Racing wheels have been developed for use with arcade games, game

A wheel : 270 mm, leather wrapped steering wheel.Range of rotation adjustable up to 900 degrees. 2 force feedback motors. One set of gears between motors and wheel, including an anti-backlash design. 2 paddle shifters. 6 buttons. A set of stainless steel pedals, including: Accelerator. (light spring) Brake (heavy

1.Genius 2.Logitec h 3.Razor

Rs.1750Rs.6000

consoles, personal computers, and also for professional driving simulators for race drivers

spring) Clutch. (medium spring) A carpet grip which keeps the pedals in position while playing. A shifter unit: 8 buttons. 1 D-pad. A gear stick with a six speed 'H' pattern gearbox. Reverse is selected by pressing down and changing to sixth.

A joystick is an

The first

Rs.650-Rs.3000

4. JOYSTICKS

input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks, also known as 'control columns', are the principal control in the cockpit of many civilian and military aircraft, either as a center stick or side-stick. They often have supplementary switches on them to control other aspects of the aircraft's flight. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or more pushbuttons whose state can also be read by the computer.

electrical 2axis joystick was probably invented around 1944 in Germany. Ralph H. Baer, inventor of television video games and the Magnavox Odyssey console, released in 1972, created the first video game joysticks in 1967. They were able to control the horizontal and vertical position of a spot displayed on a screen.

1.Genious 2. Logitech 3.Razor

5.USB MOUSE

The PS/2 interface has disappeared from the new generations of PCs to leave the place to the USB interface. This

Runs with AT90USB Microcontrol lers at 8MHz USB Low Power Bus Powered Device (less then 100mA)

1.Intex 2. Quantum

Rs.100-Rs.300

3.

Rs.1100-

change has to be followed by the designers of pointing devices, who should integrate the USB interface and allow an easy connection to new PCs. The USB mouse application requires the following hardware: AVR USB evaluation board (STK525, AT90USBKey, STK526...or your own board) AVR USB microcontroller USB cable (Standard A to Mini B) PC running on Windows (98SE, ME, 2000, XP), Linux or MAC OS with USB 1.1 or 2.0 host The PS/2 interface is disappearing from the new generation PCs being replaced by

Supported by any PC running Windows (98SE or later), Linux or Mac OS. Less than 3Kbytes of Code Required X, Y Movement, Left Button Supported

Logitech 4.I-Ball

Rs.1350 (wireless)

6.USB KEYBOARD

Supported by Windows 98 or later, Linux and MAC OS No driver

1.Intex 2. Quantum Rs.200-Rs.350

the USB interface, which has become the standard interface between the PCs and peripherals. This change must be followed by keyboard designers, who must integrate the USB interface to connect the keyboard to the PC. The USB keyboard application requires the following hardware: 1. AVR USB evaluation board (STK525, AT90USBKey, STK526...or your own board) 2. AVR USB microcontroller 3. USB cable (Standard A to Mini B) 4. PC running on Windows

installation Display a simple text message Does not support keyboard LEDs management

3. Logitech 4.I-Ball Rs.500

(98SE, ME, 2000, XP, Vista), Linux or MAC OS with USB 1.1 or 2.0 host 3. In system programming and Device Firmware Upgrade