Institute of Chemical Technology Department of Fibres and Textile Processing Technology A.

Preamble The Department of Fibres and Textile Processing Technology (FTPT) of ICT was earlier known as the Textile Chemistry section of the then University Departement of Chemical Technology of University of Mumbai, which was started in 1933. Till 1998 the degree offered was B.Sc. (Tech.), three year course after completion of B.Sc. Later, the course was changed to B.Tech. and the name of the department was also changed to FTPT in tune with modern development in technology encompassing the wide gamut of subject areas such as Technical textiles, Novel technological processes, modern concepts in fibers and processing, etc. The present B.Tech. ( 4 year, 8 semester) course after 12th std. caters mainly to the need of policy makers, managers, entrepreneurs, researchers with better input of mathematics, physics, general engineering and chemical engineering concepts. Textile Processing involves study of chemistry and manufacture of Fibres, their chemical processing such as bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing. It further encompasses the study of chemistry as well as application of various kinds of chemicals, dyes, thickeners, and finishing auxiliaries which are used in chemical processing of textile fabrics and garments. Textile Processing also involves knowledge of green chemistry, biotechnology and nanotechnology with special reference to chemical processing of textiles. After the globalization of the markets with border less trade, textile manufacturing activities are shifted to countries like India which is fast developing economy. Today Textile being one of the fundamental needs of human being, it is a mother industry, next to only agriculture sector, involving over 60 million people. The business is fast growing and will soon touch around US$ 100 Billion. However, in the border less trade many multinational brands are competing and the critical area of chemical processing of textile fabrics and garments requires tremendous amount of consolidation in terms of well trained manpower which can keep pace with latest technological operations and demand of high levels of quality parameters in shortest delivery time giving competitive edge to the manufacturers. There is a huge shortage of textile chemists in the core textile industry as well as in multinational and reputed Indian manufacturers of dyes, chemical and auxiliaries. Thus the scope for Textile Chemists with M.Sc. in Textile Processing degree is enormous. And such a demand with every passing day will only be rising given that consumption of apparels and technical textiles in India is increasing at galloping rate. It is important to know that for such competence the knowledge of chemistry becomes an essential requirement and thus B.Sc. Chemistry students are best suited for this course. After closing down of B.Sc. Tech (Textile Chemistry) in ICT, there was no opportunity for B.Sc. students to peruse their career in such professional field which can assure them highly promising future. This M.Sc. Textile degree course will not only offer that stepping stone for bright and lucrative career in Industry but can also prepare them for Ph.D. degree in this field to have challenging career in Research and Development or in Academics. The assured jobs from the campus and relatively higher pay package as compared to any M.Sc. graduate, coupled with ICT brand with good will and support of alumni of this great Institution all over the globe, will certainly place them ahead of their peers studying elsewhere .

B. Regulations Relating the Degree of Master of Science in Textile Processing (M. Sc. Textile Processing) Degree Course 1) Intake 20 candidates shall be admitted every year. The distribution of seats shall be as per the Institute's norms. 2) Admissions The admissions will be done as follows;
a) The candidate who have taken the post-H.S.C. 3-year degree course of Bachelor of Science with 6

units Chemistry at the third year of the course and physics and mathematics as the two other subjects at the first and second years, of University of Mumbai or of any other recognized University; and passed the qualifying examination with at least 60% of the marks in aggregate or equivalent grade average. [55% for the backward class candidates only from Maharashtra State] are only eligible to apply. b) The candidates shall have cleared the qualifying examination in one seating; i.e. repeaters shall not be eligible for the admission.
c) Advertisement for the admission to the M.Sc. (TP) will be given along with the advertisement of

the Institute for admission to regular courses.

d) The admissions will be given as per the norms prescribed by the Institute from time to time.

3) Conduct of the course

a) The internal faculty members in the Department of Fibres & Textile Processing Technology will shoulder

the responsibility of lectures as well as practicals as per their specialization, provided the work-load does not exceed the prescribed workload of individual teachers. Provided further that if a faculty member opts for additional workload of the M.Sc. (TP) Course, in addition to the prescribed work load, the extra work load of the M.Sc. course will be paid at the rate of that applicable to visiting faculty member.
b) Existing faculty members of the Department along with suitable experts will manage practicals

stipulated for the first three semesters, subject to the condition stipulated in a) above.
c) The projects of the students in the 4th semester will be guided by the faculty members from the Fibres &

Textile Processing Technology Department only.

4) Course structure a) The course is a credit-based 4-semester (2-year) course.

b) There will be two semesters in a year: July to December - semester I, and December to June - semester

II. Each semester will consist of 15-16 weeks of instructions including practicals / seminars / projects/assignments.
c) The candidates will be assessed which include continuous assessment (30%), mid semester (30%) and

end semester (40%) as per the norms of the Institute.

d) Various activities associated with the semesters will be carried out as per the academic calendar of

the Institute.
e) The requirement of attendance of the students shall be as per the norms of the Institute. Vacation

and holidays as per the UG pattern.

f) All the relevant academic regulations of the Institute shall be applicable to the course. e) In case of any difficulty regarding any assessment component of the course, the Departmental

Committee shall take appropriate decision, which will be final. 5) Factory Training (i) At the end of the third semester, the Head of Department in consultation with the Departmental Committee will assign factories/ laboratories (textile and allied industries) for the training to the students. (ii) The students will under go training for 10 weeks. (iii) The students shall submit the training report within 15 days after completion of training (duly signed by the training authorities) along with the attendance certificate from the factory/laboratory. The report shall be submitted with soft binding. (iv) The training report will be examined by the Departmental committee (DC) as per the norms and the committee shall give marks/credits. (v) The students will make presentation on the training to the Departmental Committee in open defense form. The committee will give marks to the presentation. (vi) The suggestion received from the Departmental Committee will be incorporated in the report by the student before doing the hard binding in the given format. The report in the hard copy form will be maintained in Department office.
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6) Project (i) At the beginning of the third semester, the Head of Department in consultation with the Departmental Committee will assign topics for the projects to the students and assign the supervisors. At the end of the third semester, the candidate will make presentation of the plan of present work to DC. (ii) The students will do the experimental work in the semester IV on the topics assigned. (iii) The students shall submit the project report before the prescribed date which will be a date before the last date of the semester IV. The report shall be submitted with soft binding. (iv) The project report will be examined by the supervisor along with one other internal/external referee to be appointed by the Departmental committee. The referees shall give marks to the report as per the norms. (v) The students will make presentation on the work in front of the Project Evaluation Committee (PEC) appointed by the Departmental Committee, in open defense form. The PEC will give marks to the presentation. (vi) The comments received from the referees as well as given by the PEC need to be incorporated in the report in consultation with the supervisor, before doing the hard binding. The report in the hard copy form will be maintained in Department office.

Semester wise pattern of the M.Sc.-Textile Chemistry Course Semester I Course No. TPT 101 TPT 102 TPT 103 TPT 104 TPT 105 TPT 106 TPP 101 TPP 102 TPP 103 Title Polymer Chemistry Chemistry of Natural Fibres Chemistry of Man Made Fibres Chemistry of Textile Auxiliaries Pretreatment of Textiles Manufacture of Yarn and Fabric Total Testing & Analysis of Fibres Analysis of Textile Chemicals Pretreatment Laboratory Total Grand Total Semester II Course No. TPT 201 TPT 202 TPT 203 TPT 204 TPT 205 TPT 206 TPP 201 TPP 202 TPP 203 Title Dyeing of Natural Fibres Dyeing of Manmade Fibres Technology of Wet Processing Machinery Instrumental Methods of Analysis Processing of Garments Computer Applications in Colour Evaluation Total Dyeing of Natural Fibres Dyeing of Manmade Fibres Testing & Application of Auxiliaries Total Grand Total Hr/Week 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 18 Hr/Week 2 2 2 2 2 2 Credits 2 2 2 2 2 2 Marks 50 50 50 50 50 50 300 50 50 50 150 450

Credits 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 18

Marks 50 50 50 50 50 50 300 50 50 50 150 450

Semester III Course No. TPT 301 TPT 302 TPT 303 TPT 304 TPT 305 TPT 306 TPP 301 Title Printing of Textiles Finishing of Textiles Evaluation of Processed Textiles Green Chemistry in Textiles Continuous Processing of Textiles Seminar Total Printing Lab
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Hr/Week 2 2 2 2 2 2 4

Credits 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Marks 50 50 50 50 50 50 300 50

TPP 302 TPP 303

Finishing Lab Fastness Lab Total Grand Total

4 4

2 2 18

50 50 150 450

Semester IV Course No. Title TPP 401 Factory /Laboratory Training TPP 402 Project Grand Total Weeks 10 6 Credits 8 10 18 Marks 200 250 450

Total Credits: 72

Total Marks: 1800

Proposed syllabus Structure for the M. Sc. (Textile Processing) Two Year (4 Semester) Course : Semester I TPT 101: Polymer Chemistry General polymer chemistry; Various synthetic polymers used in textile industry Thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers in textile applications; Mechanism of addition and condensation polymerization, Number average and weight average molecular weights and their measurements Swelling and dissolution for polymeric materials; Chemicals used for it, Introduction to electrical properties such as dielectric properties and static charge generation. Thermal properties, heat-setting. Determination of crystalline, non-crystalline regions and crystalline orientation in fibre structure; Micro structures of fibre and their theories Development and modification of fibre structure through different techniques of spinning, drawing
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and texurising Physical and chemical modifications of fibres and their effect on properties; Graft and block copolymerisation reactions Brief idea about characterisation of polymers by different physical techniques such as DTA, DSC, TGA, IR, X-Ray diffraction, birefringence, and sonic modulus. etc. Text/Reference Books 1. Synthetic Fibres : Machines and Equipment Manufacture Properties, Fourne, Franz, Munich, Hanser Publications, 1998. 2. Natural Polymer man-made Fibres, Carrol and Porczynski C.Z., National Trade Press Ltd., London, 1965. 3. Visco-Elastic Properties of Polymers, Ferry, J.D., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 3rd edition, 1980. 4. Textbook of Polymer Science, Billmeyer F.W., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 3rd edition, 1984. 5. Man-made Fibres, Moncriff, R.W., Newnes Butterworth, London, 6th edition, 1965.

TPT 102: Chemistry of Natural Fibres Classification of fibers ; Occurrence of polymeric materials; Fibre forming characteristics of polymers; Natural fibres of commercial and rural importance such as cotton, Organic Cotton, wool, silk, ramie, jute, linen, pineapple, Natural Bamboo fibers (not by rayon route),etc.; Their occurrence, properties and uses; Morphology and chemical constitution; Action of various chemicals, micro-organisms, heat, radiations, etc. Text/reference books 1. Textile Fibres, Shenai V.A., Vol-1, Sevak Publications, Bombay, 3rd edition, 1991. 2. Josephs Introductory Textile Science, Joseph, M.L., Hudson P.B., Clapp A. C., Fortworth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publication, 6th edition, 1993. 3. Modern Textile Characterization Methods, Raheel, M. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1996.
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4. Microscopy of Textile Fibres, Greaves, P.H., Saville B.P.Oxford : BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd., 1995. 5. Handbook of Fibre Chemistry, Lewin Menachem, Eli M. Pearce, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2nd edition,1998. 6. Textile Fibres-I, Mathews, J.M, 4th edition, 1924. 7. Wool Handbook, Bergon W.V., Interscience Publishers, New York, 3rd edition, 1970. 8. Textile Chemistry, Peters R.H, Vol-1, Elsevier Publishing Company, London, 1963.

TPT 103: Chemistry of Man Made Fibres Regenerated fibres such as viscose, cuprammonium, acetate, Tencel, etc.; Raw materials, manufacture, properties and their uses; Chemical constitution; Synthetic & Semi Synthetic Fibre Spinning techniques; Action of various chemicals, micro-organisms, heat, radiations, etc Synthetic fibres such as polyester, and differentially dyeable polyester, polyamides, acrylic, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, Microfibres, Raw materials, synthesis, manufacture, properties and uses; chemical constitution; Action of various chemicals, micro-organisms, heat, radiations, etc., Various modified forms of Synthetic fibres like antistatic, antipilling, etc Spin Draw Process; Concept of LOY, MOY, POY and FOY, Introduction to setting in thermoplastic fibres. Role of spin finish and fibre crimp in processing drawing and heat

Text/reference books 1. Textile Fibres, Shenai V.A., Vol-1, Sevak Publications, Bombay, 3rd edition, 1991. 2. Josephs Introductory Textile Science, Joseph, M.L., Hudson P.B., Clapp A. C., Fortworth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publication, 6th edition, 1993. 3. Modern Textile Characterization Methods, Raheel, M. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1996. 4. Microscopy of Textile Fibres, Greaves, P.H., Saville B.P.Oxford : BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd., 1995. 5. Handbook of Fibre Chemistry, Lewin Menachem, Eli M. Pearce, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2nd edition, 1998. 6. Textile Fibres-I, Mathews, J.M, 4th edition, 1924.. 7. Man-made Fibres, Moncriff, R.W., Butterworth Science, London, 6th edition, 1975.
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8. Textile Chemistry, Peters R.H, Vol-1, Elsevier Publishing Company, London, 1963. 9. Production of Synthetic Fibres, Vaidya A.A., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1988. 10. Manufactured Fibre Technology by V C Gupta and V K Kothari

TPT 104: Chemistry of Textile Auxiliaries Nomenclature, functions and classification of textile auxiliaries Surfactants and their chemistry and applications. Surface activity Chemistry, Properties & uses of anionic, Cationic, Non-ionic surfactants. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of auxiliaries; Testing of surfactants Biodegradability of surfactants Recent developments in textile auxiliaries Text/reference books 1. Colourants and Auxiliaries: Organic Chemistry and Application Properties, Shore, J., SDC, Bradford, 1990. 2. Laundry Detergents, Smulders, E., Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2002. 3. Chemistry and Textile Auxiliaries, Shenai V.A., Vol. 65, Sevak Publication, Bombay, 2nd edition, 2002. 4. Textile Auxiliaries, Batty, J.W., Dergamon Press, Oxford, 1967. 5. Textile Chemicals and Auxiliaries, Speel H.C., Reinhold Processing Corporation, New York, 1952.

TPT 105: Pretreatment of Textiles Sizing, Sizing Chemicals; Various pretreatment sequences for different varieties of textiles. Shearing and Cropping; Singeing, latest technologies in singeing, Desizing of cotton; different desizing methods Techniques for scouring and bleaching of cotton; Machinery used for these preparatory processes Mercerization, caustic recovery plant and its efficiency, Ammonia mercerization, its significance, additional benefits, technical specifications of machinery for ammonia mercerization; Heat setting Silk degumming and bleaching; Scouring and bleaching of wool; Bioscouring, Carbonization of wool; Scouring and bleaching of synthetics and their blends with natural fibres
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Bleaching and various auxiliaries in bleaching Washing principles and methods used different types of continuous washers for textiles Concept of conservation of chemicals, energy and water, Raw materials like water, chemicals and auxiliaries, Pretreatment of Knit goods; Mercerization of Knits Pretreatment of Yarn and cone dyed yarns Text/reference books 1. Technology of Bleaching and Mercerizing, Shenai V.A., Sevak Publication, Bombay, Vol. - 3, 3rd edition, 2003. 2. 3. Textile Bleaching, Steven A.B., Pitman and Sons, London. Technology of Scouring and Bleaching, Trotman E.R., Griffin, London, 1968. 4. Technology of Bleaching and Dyeing, Chakraverty, R.R., Trivedi S.S., Vol. 1, Mahajan Publishers Private Ltd., Ahmedabad, 1979. 5. 6. 7. 8. Textile Chemistry, Peters R.H, Vol-2, Elsevier Publishing Company, London, 1967. Sizing by D.B.Ajgaonkar, M.K.Talukdar and V.R.Wadekar Mercerizing by J.T.Marsh Chemical Technology in the Pre-treatment Processes of Textiles by S.R.Karmakar

TPT 106: Manufacture of Yarn and Fabric Grading of natural and synthetic fibres; Fibre properties and their measurements Preparatory processes and machinery used for manufacture of yarn from natural and synthetic fibres; Spinning of yarn-ring and rotor spinning, friction spinning, air-jet spinning Natural and Synthetic fibres for blended and fancy yarns Yarn properties and their measurement; Doubling of yarns; Requirement of yarn for weaving/knitting based on end use Warp and weft preparation, Sizing of yarn machinery involved Weaving of fabric loom, use of dobby and jacquard Shuttless looms air jet, rapier, etc. for high speed weaving, Sulzer(Projectile), Water jet

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Fabric construction and their effect on various properties related to end use; Cloth analysis weaves such as plain, twill, satin, etc.; Subjective evaluation of different fabric qualities Fabric defects, causes and remedies Text/reference books 1. Weaving: Machines, mechanisms, management, Talukdar, M.K., Sriramulu P.K., Ajgaonkar D.B., Mahajan Publishers Private Ltd., Ahmedabad, 1998. 2. Textiles Fibre to Fabrics, Corbman B.P., McGraw Hill Book Company Inc., New York, 6th edition, 1983. 3. Manual of Textile Technology, Klein, W., The Textile Institute, Manchester, Vol. 1-6, 1987. 4. The Motivate series Textiles, A.Wynne. 5. Textile Yarns, Technology, Structure and Applications, B.C. Goswami, J.G.Martindale and F.L.Seardino. 6. Weaving Conversion of Yarn to Fabric, P.R.Lord and M.H.A.Mohamed. 7. Knitting Technology, D.B.Ajgaokar. 8. Elements of Spinning,Blow Room, Carding, Comber and Ring Frame, Vol. 1-4, A.R.Khare. 9. Textile Design and Colour, Watson.

TPP 101: Testing & Analysis of Fibres 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Identification of fibres by microscopic method Identification of fibres by chemical methods Identification of fibres from binary blends by chemical methods Identification of fibres from tertiary blends by chemical methods Quantitative analysis of blends Determination of count of yarn Fibre maturity measurements Fibre fineness by Cut-Weight Method Measurement of maturity and fineness by airflow instrument Determination of twist in double and single yarn To measure Yarn Appearance, Hairiness/yarn imperfections(Zwellager) To measure Yarn twist/Count To determine Types of weave (Weave Diagram) To measure Fabric weight (GSM)
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15. 16.

To measure Fabric Count (Ends/pick, Wales/course) Determination of the single yarn strength and elongation at break of the yarns

TPP 102: Analysis of Textile Chemicals 1. Estimation of sodium nitrite and hydrogen peroxide 2. Estimation of bleaching powder and sodium chlorite 3. Estimation of sodium silicate and sodium carbonate 4. Estimation of composition of alkali mixture and barium hydroxide 5. Estimation of Glaubers salt and sodium chloride 6. Estimation of chrome alum and hardness of water 7. Estimation of sodium hydrosulphite and Rangolite C 8. Estimation of formaldehyde and oxalic acid 9. Estimation of sodium alginate 10. Estimation of acid value and Iodine value of fatty acids 11. Estimation of efficiency of Sizing chemicals 12. Estimation of Chelating agents

TPP 103: Pretreatment Laboratory 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Desizing cotton-acid desizing, enzyme desizing, oxidative desizing of cotton Evaluation of desizing efficiency-staining with iodine, loss in weight and estimation of residual starch Scouring of cotton-open boil, pressure boil, pad-steam process Evaluation of scouring efficiency-wetting time, sinking time, loss in weight Bleaching of Cotton by bleaching powder, hydrogen peroxide Bleaching of polyester and nylon with sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide Evaluation of bleaching efficiency -whiteness index and % reflectance Mercerisation of cotton with and without tension
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9.

Evaluation of mercerization-Shrinkage, Barium Activity no., dye uptake, strength and elongation and microscopic observation

10. Scouring and bleaching of wool 11. Degumming and Bleaching of Silk 12. Scouring and bleaching of polyester/cotton blends 13. Assessment of cotton for degradation by Copper Number, Cuprammonium Fluidity or by Methylene Blue Absorption 14. Application of OBA/FBA on natural and synthetic fabrics and evaluation of fabric for whiteness.

Semester II TPT 201: Dyeing of Natural Fibres Classification of colouring matters according to their application to the textile fibres ; Physical and chemical structures of fibres and dyes in relation to dyeing; Interaction between dye molecules and the fibres Dyeing of different dyestuffs onto various natural textile fibres Rapid dyeing concept Dye-fibre bonds and parameters affecting them.

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Thermodynamics of dyeing process; Kinetics of dyeing; Affinity of dyes towards the fibres; Adsorption isotherms; Equilibrium adsorption and factors influencing the same; Saturation value; Diffusion coefficient; Glass transition temperature and its effect on dyeability; Electro-kinetic properties of dye-fibre systems Compatibility of dyes in mixtures; Dyeing of fibre blends and shade matching Text/reference books 1. Reactive Dyes for Textile Fibres, Renfrew A., A. Hunter M., SDC Publ., Bradford, 1999. 2. The Theory and Practice of Wool Dyeing, Bird, C.L., SDC Publ., Bradford, 1972. 3. Theory of Colouration of Textiles, Johnson A.s, SDC Publ., Bradford, 2nd edition, 1989. 4. Chemical Processing of Synthetic Fibres and Blends, K.V. Datye and A.A. Vaidya, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1984. 5. Textile Chemistry, Peters R.H, Vol-3, Elsevier Publishing Company, London, 1975. 6. Chemical Processing of Synthetic Fibres and Blends, Datye K.V., Vaidya A.A., WileyInterscience Publ., New York, 1984.

TPT 202: Dyeing of Manmade Fibres Dyeing of different dyestuffs onto various synthetic textile fibres such as; polyester, nylon, polyacrylic etc. Rapid dyeing concept Theories behind different techniques such as solvent dyeing, mass colouration, heat transfer colouration etc. Dyeing of union and blended fibre fabrics; Dyeing of micro fibre fabrics Compatibility of dyes in mixtures; Dyeing of fibre blends and shade matching Concept of ecofriendliness in dyestuffs and dyeing techniques Text/reference books 1. Theory of Colouration of Textiles, Johnson A.s, SDC Publ., Bradford, 2nd edition, 1989. 2. Chemical Processing of Synthetic Fibres and Blends, K.V. Datye and A.A. Vaidya, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1984. 3. Textile Chemistry, Peters R.H, Vol-3, Elsevier Publishing Company, London, 1975. 4. Chemical Processing of Synthetic Fibres
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TPT 203: Technology of Wet Processing Machineries Earlier developments in processes and machinery for dyeing of textiles in various forms such as loose fibres, yarns as well as woven and knitted fabrics Batch type, semi-continuous and continuous type dyeing machinery for all forms of textiles. Dosing systems for dyeing, automatic colour and chemical dispensing systems, automated inventory management systems for dyes and chemicals Faults in dyed materials and their correction Machinery used for washing and soaping of dyed materials; Application and functions of dyeing assistants. Recent developments in machinery and dyeing techniques. Concept of conservation of chemicals and water in dyeing. Text/Reference Books 1. Handbook of Synthetic Dyes and Pigments, K.M.Shah, Multitech Publishing Company, Bombay, 2nd edition, 1998. 2. Technology of Dyeing, Shenai V.A., Vol. 6, Sevak Publication, Bombay, 2nd edition, 1994.
3. A manual of Dyeing : For use of Practical Dyers, Manufactures, Students and all interested in art

of dyeing, E. Knecht, C. Rawson, R.Loewenthal, Charles Griffin and Company Ltd., London, Vol. 1, 1983.

TPT 204: Instrumental Method of Analysis Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Instrumentation and advantages of FTIR spectrophotometry; Qualitative and quantitative analysis using infrared spectrophotometry. Spectrophotometry: Application in pollution control and chemical industry. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Basic principle of NMR phenomenon, relaxation processes, spin-spin interaction, chemical shifts, interpretation of NMR spectra, correlation-hydrogen bonds to carbon and other nuclei; Instrumentation-Continuous and pulsed NMR, carbon- 13 NMR. Ultraviolet and Visible

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X-ray Diffraction: Crystal geometry and structural determination; Bragg law of X-ray diffraction, powder method; X-ray spectrometers-wide and small angle diffractrometers; Chemical analysis by X-ray diffraction. Particle Size Analysis: Particle size, sampling, conventional techniques of particle size measurement, light scattering, particle size measurement by light scattering techniques; Dynamic light scattering (DLS), fibre optic dynamic light scattering (FDLS). Chromatography: Basic theory of separation, efficiency, resolution: Liquid chromatography, high performances liquid chromatography; Gas chromatography-columns and detectors; Qualitative and quantative analysis. Mass Spectroscopy: Basic principle, ionization of a molecule on electron impact, fragmentation processes in organic compounds, interpretation of mass spectra, molecular weight, molecular formula; Instrumentation-different types of ionization sources and magnetic analyzer.

TPT 205: Processing of Garments Aim and scope of readymade garment field with special reference to textile wet processing. Brief introduction to various departments in a garment export house. General overview of various fabric materials used in garment making. Concept of pre garment stage and garment stage processing. Concept of garment finishing, general precaution to be taken during finishing of cotton, wool, silk, rayon, woven and knitted materials. Fabric and sewing thread selection, Process Sequence, Flow Chart. Garment processing machines- Pedal dyeing machines, winch dyeing machines, soft overflow dyeing machines, tumble dryers, relax dryers, table printing, garment flat bed printing machines with printing stations, transfer printing, digital printing, washing machines. Speciality Finishes on Garments, Wash down effects on Denim, Laundering Stain Removal - general procedure of stain removal, Classification of stains, Principles of stain removing. Classification of stain removers. Application techniques for stain removers, i) Local Application II) Bulk Application, Dry Cleaning - General introduction, objective and principle of the dry cleaning process, dry cleaning chemicals, detailed description of dry cleaning operations (sequential steps), Dyeing in Garment form with pigment / reactive / sulphur Colour Text/reference books
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no. of

1. Chemical after treatments of textile by Marks, Atlas & Wooding. 2. Textile finishing by A.J. Hall. 3. Introduction to textile finishing by J.T. Marsh. 4. Technology of finishing - Vol. X by Dr. V.A. Shenai. 5. Chemical processing of polyester/cellulosic blends by R.M. Mittal and S.S. Trivedi. 6. Silk dyeing, printing and finishing by Prof. M.L. Gulrajani.
7. Garment Finishing & Care Labelling byS.S.Satsangi, Usha Publishers,53-B/AC-IV, Shalimar Bagh,

New Delhi. 8. Stain Removing Techniques by byS.S.Satsangi, Usha Publishers, 53-B/AC-IV, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi. 9. Fabric Care by Noemia D'SOUZA, New Age International Publishers, Daryagang, New Delhi 10. Garment Processing, Mittal, R.M.

TPT 206: Computer Applications in Colour Evaluation Introduction-geometric and chromatic attributes; Radiation and illumination; Sources and illuminants; Need for artificial sources various ways of producing light and different artificial sources; Lamp efficacy and colour rendering properties of sources Interaction of radiation with matter gloss and diffused reflectance, absorption of light in sample; Various transitions in molecule, Beer Lambert law and its verification, deviation from Beer Lambert law, Additivity of absorbance, mixture analysis, absorbance and scattering in the sample Kubelka Munk theory. Perception of colour in eye \ brain, various colour theories Additive substractive mixing, colour specification systems Munsell colour order system, CIE system, colour spaces, colour difference formulae. Single constant Kubelka Munk theory of colourant formulation and recepie prediction; Modern computerised methods of colour matching; Finding the dyeing recipes, shade sorting, etc. using the CCM software CCM and its application in colour matching, global tolerance, E, metamerism; Automatic colour dispensing systems; Use of computers and information technology in the Indian textile industry; Developments in computer colour matching systems.
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Text/Reference Books
1. Color : A Multidisciplinary Approach, Zollinger Heinrich Zurich, Verlag Helvetica Chemica Acta,

1999 2. The color Science of Dyes and Pigments, R. McLaren Bristol, Adam Hilger Ltd., 1983 3. Industrial Color Technology, Johnson R.M., Sartzman M., American Chemical Society Washington D.C., 1971 4. Computer Color Analysis : Textile Apllications, Sule A.D., New Age International Ltd., New Delhi, 1997

TPP 201: Dyeing of Natural Fibres 1. To study the effect of liquor ratio and salt concentration on exhaust dyeing of direct dyes on cotton 2. To study the effect of temperature on exhaust dyeing of direct dyes on cotton 3. To study effect of percentage shade on exhaust dyeing of direct dyes on cotton and determine the absorption of exhausted bath 4. To study various after treatments of direct dye dyeings 5. To study dyeing of different types of reactive dyes on viscose and cotton 6. To study the effect of pretreatments of cotton on dyeing with direct dye 7. To study dyeing of azoic colours on cotton. 8. To study dyeing of solubilised vat dyes on cotton 9. To study dyeing and after treatments of sulphur dyes on cotton 10. To study the dyeing of vat dyes on cotton and viscose 11. To study vat pigmentation and vat acid method dyeing on cotton 12. To study dyeing of acid dyes on wool and silk 13. To study dyeing of cotton, viscose, wool and silk using basic dyes 14. To study dyeing of wool and silk using metal complex dyes 15. To study dyeing of wool and silk using acid mordant dyes

TPP 202: Dyeing of Manmade Fibres

1. To study dyeing of polyesters using different disperse dyes and dyeing techniques and

measurement of absorbance of extracted dye.

2. To study comparative dyeing of PET, CDPET, PBT with disperse dyes at boil and1300C
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3. To study dyeing of Nylon, polypropylene, acrylic with disperse dyes 4. To study dyeing of Nylon with acid, metal complex , reactive and direct dyes 5. To study dyeing of acrylic fabric and CDPET with cationic dyes 6. Dyeing of Polyester on soft flow machine 7. Dyeing of Polyester/cotton blend on soft flow machine 8. Processing of Cotton/Elastane blends in Soft flow. 9. Processing of Polyester/Viscose, Polyester/Wool blends in Jets.

TPP 203: Testing & Application of Auxiliaries 1. Determination of Water Solubility of Direct and Reactive Dyes 2. Determination of Dispensability of Vat and Disperse Dyes 3. To determine the Solid Content of different auxiliaries 4. Determination of Ionic nature of different auxiliaries 5. To determine the efficiency of Wetting Agents 6. To determine the efficiency of Levelling agent and emulsifier 7. BOD and COD determination of various textile auxiliaries 8. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of printing binders 9. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of dye fixing agent
10. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of stabilizer in peroxide bleaching

11. To study the effect of metals on dyeing shade 12. Estimation of efficiency of peroxide stabilizer. 13. Determination of Amylase activity

Semester III TPT 301: Printing of Textiles Preparation of fabrics for printing; Steps in printing of various fabrics; Historical printing techniques Selection of thickening agents, chemicals and dyestuffs for printing; Formulation and rheological properties of printing pastes, (4)
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Printing of textile materials with different dyes; Printing of blended fibre/fabrics Machines used for printing, steaming and other methods of print development; Brief idea about preparation of flat and rotary screens for printing Different methods of printing and styles of printing; Aftertreatment of printed materials; Faults in printing, their prevention and correction Special printing techniques; Printing of velvet, carpets and knits Ecological printing of textiles; Recent developments in printing machinery and techniques; Concept of conservation of water and chemicals in printing Text/reference books 1. Dyeing and Printing, Cockett S.R., Hilton K.A., Leonard Hill Books Ltd., London, 1961. 2. Introduction to Textile Printing, W. Clarke, Newness Butterworths, London, 4th edition, 1977. 3. Guide to Printing Techniques, Naoharu Oyabu, Mahajan Brothers Publish Ltd., Ahmedabad,1978. 4. Technology of Printing, V.A.Shenai, Sevak Publications, Bombay, Vol. 4, 1990.

TPT 302: Finishing of Textiles Technology of Mechanical Finishing Object of Finishing, Classification of finishes Mechanical finishes of cotton and synthetic fabrics like Calendaring, raising, sueding, crabbing, potting, compacting, sanforising, pressing, etc. ,Decatising of wool; Heat setting of synthetic fabrics; Machinery used and their principles involved; Techno mechanical features automation of machinery in textile finishing. Drying equipment; stenters, vertical drying ranges, curing ranges. efficiency of drying , use of process control systems to enhance efficiency of drying Finishes of blended fabrics, types of setting , Heat Setting of Polyester and its blends, structural changes brought about by heat setting, Various methods to determine the degree of heat setting; Antifelting, carbonizing and other finishes for wool and silk; Finishing of knitted and texturised fabrics. Evaluation and durability of finishes Chemical finishing agents like stiffeners, binders, weighting agents, softeners, optical brighteners, etc. Chemistry and technology used for improving wrinkle resistance, wash and wear, and durable press properties of fabrics; Non-formaldehyde finishes Technologies for resin finishing- Pad-dry cure and Moist cross linking ( batch wise and continuous methods)
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Study of various types of finishes such as creeping, softening, stiffening, wetting, antipilling, laminating, etc.; Organdie finish Functional finishes like antibacterial, flame retarding, water/oil repelling, soil release, antistatic finishes, Moisture management, UV Protection, Cellulase Bio Polishing etc. Evaluation and durability of above mentioned finishes Concept of conservation of chemicals, water, energy through different techniques and machineries; Eco-friendliness of various finishes Text/reference books 1. Encyclopedia of Textile Finishing, Rouette, H.K., Springer Verlag, New York, 2001. 2. Handbook of Fibre Finish Technology, Slade, P.E., Marcel, New York, 1998. 3. Textile Finishing, Hall A.J., Heywood book, London, 1966. 4. An Introduction to Textile Finishing, Marsh J.T., B.I. Publication, Bombay, 1979. 5. Technology of Finishing, V.A.Shenai, Vol. 10, Sevak Publication, Bombay, 1990. 6. Low liquor Dyeing and Finishing Textile Institute, Manchester.

TPT 303: Evaluation of Processed Textiles Objects of testing; Introduction to textile testing, Selection of samples for testing, Random and biased samples, Testing of raw materials and finished products. Various test specifications such as BIS, AATCC, ISO, etc. Tensile testing of fibres, yarns and fabrics. Tearing, bursting and abrasion resistance tests for fabrics. Pilling resistance of fabrics. Bending, shear and compressional properties of fabrics. Fabric drape and handle. Crease and wrinkle behaviour. Air, water and water-vapour transmission through fabrics. Thermal resistance of fabrics. Testing of interlaced and textured yarns. Testing in relation to quality control; Ecotesting of textiles Evaluation of colourfastness properties Norms of global standards for textile production and use, e.g. care lables, eco labels, Lab Accredition, ISO 17025, etc. (3) Text/reference books 1. Textile Analysis, Trotman E.R., Trotman S.R., Charles Griffin and Co., London, 1932. 2. Principles of Textile Testing : An introduction to Physical methods and Testing textile fibres, yarn and fabric, Booth J.E., Heywood Books, London, 3rd edition, 1968.
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3. Textile Testing and Analysis, Collier, B.J. and Hellen H., Upper Saddle River: Pentice Hall Inc., 1999. 4. Microscopic and Chemical Testing of Textiles, Koch, P.H., Chapman and Hall, London, 1963. 5. Physical Properties of Textile Fibres, Morton, W.E. and Hearle, J.W.S., Textile Institute, Manchester, 2nd edition, 1975. 6. Society of Dyers and Colourists : standard methods for the determination of the colour fastness of Textiles and Leather. 7. Handbook of Textile Testing and Quality Control, Grover, B. and Hemby, P.S., Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 2nd edition, 1988.

TPT 304: Green Chemistry in Textiles Introduction to Environmental Management - Definitions of environment, ecology, pollution, Types of pollution and effects of stages of textiles on environment, general waste categorization, effective pollution prevention programme, Testing of Effluents for various characteristics such as BOD, COD, Turbidity, TDS, SS, Grease, Oils; Types of textile effluents and their characteristics. Introduction to Eco System - changes of eco system like carton cycle, Nitrogen cycle & phosphorus cycle, current eco system problems, Environmental problems and human health, Risk assessment and risk management, ecology and textiles, Toxicological considerations of textile processing. (5) Effluent Treatments - Methods of Treatment of Textile effluents - preliminary treatment - flocculation & coagulation - oxidation by bio-chemical methods, sedimentation - Filtration - Tertiary Treatment , Membrane separation, concept of Zero discharge, Multiple effect Evaopration,sludge disposal Analysis of effluents - Reuse of water -cost of effluent treatment, design of typical ETP. (5) Current Global Textile Laws for different countries and End uses Tracking through the life cycle of an textile article Water Footprint, Energy Footprint, Chemical Footprint, Carbon Footprint Eco conformance certifications OekoTex (Confidence in Textiles), GOTS, REACh, etc. (5) Text/reference books 1. Economy Energy & Environment in textile Wet Processing - ACT, Edited by S.S. Trivedi.
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2. Environmental Issues - Technology option for Textile Industry Edited by R. B. Chavan, Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Special Issue - March, 2001. 3. Eco-friendly Textiles Challenges to Textile Industry - Textile Committee. 4. Environmental Success - America Textile Industry, AATCC Symposium - 1996. 5. The Textile Industry: Achieving Our Environmental Commitment - AATCC Symposium - 1994. 6. Textile Energy & Waste Seminar-Textile Institute, 1997. 7. The Management Systems - Quality, Environment, Health & Safely ISO 9001 : 2000, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 BY Pranab Kr. Nag, International Certification Services. 8. Water Supplies of the Treatment and Disposal of Effluents by A.H. Little, Textile Institute Monograph series. 9. Handbook of Environments, health & safely by Herman Koren & Michael Biseri 10. Ecology and textiles by Dr. V.A. Shenai 11. Azo dyes - facts & figures by Dr. V.A. Shenai 12. Environmental issues - Technology options for textile industry - book of papers edited by Dr. R.B. Chavan 13. Eco-friendly textiles, challenges to the textile industry - Book of papers by Textile Committee. 14. Guidance for the manufacture of eco-friendly textiles- Book of papers by Textile committee. 15. Eco-friendly textiles - book of papers edited by Prof. M.L. Gulrajani 16. Dyeing & Printing with natural dyes - NCUTE workshop book NT, Delhi. 17. Convention on natural dyes - Book of papers I IT, Delhi 18. Dyeing of wool & silk by Prof. M.L. Gulrajani

TPT 305: Continuous Processing of Textiles Continuous pretreatment of textiles-Processes & Machinery, Combined pretreatment of different textiles, Continuous dyeing of natural & synthetic and blended fabrics-various dyeing processes , different classes of dyes used, dyeing machinery, Recent advances in continuous processing Text / reference books 1. Handbook of Textile Processing Machinery by R.S. Bhagwat TPT 306: Seminar

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Students will be required to prepare critical reviews of selected topics in Wet Processing of textiles and allied subjects and submit in the form of standard typed report. The students will also be required to make an oral presentation of the review. TPP 301: Printing Lab 1. Direct style of printing of Reactive Dyes on cotton 2. Direct style of printing of Vat Dyes cotton 3. Direct style of printing of Azoic colours on cotton
4. Direct style printing on Polyester/nylon with Disperse dyes

5. Direct style printing on Nylon Acid and Direct dyes 6. Direct style printing on Wool with Acid and Direct dyes 7. Direct style of printing of Pigments on cotton and polyester 8. Discharge style of printing white discharge under Reactive dyed ground 9. Discharge style of printing white and yellow discharge under azoic ground 10. Discharge style of printing Vat discharge under direct dyed ground 11. Discharge style of printing pigment under reactive dyed ground 12. Resist style of printing White resist under reactive dyed ground
13. Special print effect Tie and Dye style, Batik, brasso etc.

TPP 302: Finishing Lab 1. Application of cross linking agent and testing of finished fabric for crease recovery angle, tensile and tear strength 2. Application of antistatic agent and testing of finished fabric for static charge 3. Application of flame retarding agent and testing of finished fabric by measurement of char length, rate of burning and Limiting Oxygen Index 4. Application of softeners assessment 5. Application of water repellent/waterproof agent and evaluation of fabric for water repellency by spray/shower test and water penetration test 6. Application of Optical brightening agent and evaluation of fabric for its whiteness 7. Application of stiffening agent and evaluation of fabric for its feel and bending length 8. Application of antibacterial agents and testing of finished fabric for antibacterial property
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and testing of finished fabric for its feel , drapability, effect on

absorbency, yellowing, shade change, sewability testing, Handlometer /surface friction

9. Application of soil release agent and testing of finished fabric for anti-soiling property 10. Application of Water and Oil repellant and its evaluation

TPP 303: Fastness Lab 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11.

Determination of colour fastness to various agencies like washing, light and rubbing Determination of colour fastness to perspiration and bleaching agents Determination of colour fastness to sublimation and hot pressing. Evaluation of colour fastness to Bleach with hypochlorite and peroxide Determination of the Fabric strength and elongation at break. Determination of bursting strength of a fabrics Determination of abrasion resistance of a fabrics Determination of Tear strength of a fabrics Determination of pilling resistance of fabric Determination of Seam strength and Yarn Slippage Determination of Stitch strength Semester IV TPP 401: Factory Training Students will be sent for factory training in the Textile processing industry and allied sector for 10 weeks training. Students are required to submit Certificate of completion of training from relevant authority from the industry where they have been sent along with report of the day to day activities at the training place. The students will also be required to make an oral presentation of the training report. TPP 402: Project Students will be required to prepare project report on of given problem/ topic in Wet Processing of textiles and allied subjects after working in the laboratory under guidance of faculty and submit in the form of standard typed report along with necessary samples if required in the form of sample book. The students will also be required to make an oral presentation of the project report.

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