Information technology (IT) is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information

by a microelectronics-based combination of computing andtelecommunications.[1] The term in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review, in which authors Leavitt and Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)."[2]
Contents
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1 General information 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External links

[edit]General

information

Information and communication technology spending in 2005

IT is the area of managing technology and spans wide variety of areas that include but are not limited to things such as processes, computer software, information systems, computer hardware, programming languages, and data constructs. In short, anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of the IT domain. IT provides businesses with four sets of core services to help

execute the business strategy: business process automation, providing information, connecting with customers, and productivity tools. IT professionals perform a variety of functions (IT Disciplines/Competencies) that ranges from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread further than the conventionalpersonal computer and network technologies, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs. In the recent past, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery have collaborated to form accreditation and curriculum standards[3] for degrees in Information Technology as a distinct field of study as compared[4] to Computer Science and Information Systems today. SIGITE (Special Interest Group for IT Education)[5] is the ACM working group for defining these standards. The Worldwide IT services revenue totaled $763 billion in 2009.[6]
Importance of IT in textile industries
The use of Information Technology in maximum possible ways can enhance the performance of the companies and many big textile units have already adopted IT in their companies in various forms, affirms Arindam Basu.

Some years back the textile and garment industry used to be single most export earner for India, now Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) companies have taken that place pushing textiles to number two. In the world, India is known for both these industries. The combination of these two can create synergy, if properly used. The application of IT in textile and garment industry can help them in improving the overall performance. In country like India it is very important that textile industry remain strong and grow continuously as it is the provider of highest jobs after agriculture. Many big textile units have already adopted IT in their companies in various forms. They use machineries with latest technology available in the world and these machines utilise IT in many areas such as production monitoring, quality monitoring and control, etc. Also, these companies are using Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in various levels. Major reasons for companies opting for ERP are: It integrates financial information. It integrates customer order information. It standardises and speed up manufacturing processes. It standardises Human Resources Information. It helps in increasing productivity and quality levels. In simple terms an ERP system organises all the information of a company into one centralised system. In India a large number of textile and garment companies are small in size and falls under SME sector. Due to their size and facilities available the decentralised and small companies confront five major challenges. These are: *Adapting to changes in the multilateral trading system (price

deterioration and the need to cut cost). *Reviewing internal business processes to confront from market forces. *Understanding and adapting to retailer's business requirements (full package system). *Fast and frequent responses to product orders from retailers (quick response and lean retailing. *Development of strategic alliances with retailers including the exchange and management of information based on a relationship of trust. In order to meet these changes, manufacturers will need to communicate intensively with retailers and implement the necessary communications network, which are usually supplied by retailers. Though some companies are utilising IT in considerable amount the penetration of IT in Indian textiles and garment industries are much below its potential. Recently a study has been conducted by SITRA in which information has been collected from 168 small and medium textile and garment companies (SMEs) regarding the usage of IT. The studies cover spinning units from Coimbatore, Madurai, Weaving units from Coimbatore and its surrounding areas, knitting units from Tirupur,

Chemical processing units from Ahmedabad and Garment units from Delhi (woven) and Tirupur (knitted). The areas where IT is being utilised have been classified into different groups and usages by the small and medium textile and garment factories have been shown in Figures 1 to 5.

It can be seen from the Figures that areas where IT is being popular utilised are costing, raw material, production and quality control. Integration of all the functions is rarely used in these units. In spinning units around 75% use IT packages for costing, financial management and attendance, 66% use IT for production monitoring and control, around 54% for raw material management and around 51% for HRD functions (Figure 1). For weaving units, the percentage of IT usages is less compared to spinning units, as most of the units are smaller in size. In this around 57% units use IT for production monitoring (Figure 2). Chemical process houses show majority use of IT for raw material management. For these units variability and number of raw materials are much higher as compared to other units hence the preference. 62% of these units utilise IT for costing and financial management (Figure 3). In composite units more than 85% utilise IT for costing and financial management and 82% for production monitoring and control (Figure 4). There is a feeling amongst the SMEs that the ERP packages supplied by the international companies are very expensive hence they cannot utilise those. The interactions with the Indian software developers reveal that many companies presently are offering textile industry oriented ERP packages at cheaper rate as compared to multinational ERP packages. Secondly the downward movement of cost of hardware items has made the application more affordable. In order to effectively implement the technology, it is important to understand the potential benefits and the costs. The primary benefit is that buyers are requiring automated order entry and status, and companies that are unable to provide this information will be a significant disadvantage. This phenomenon is sometimes known as the 'Digital divide', a differentiator between those who have access to advance computing and telecommunication technologies and those who do not. When suppliers and vendors can communicate around the world, in real time, then work-in-progress (WIP) times are reduced considerably. A schematic flow diagram of ERP packages for spinning industry is shown in Figure 6, in which most of the functions are linked by the system. A typical spinning ERP system will contain the following modules: Financial Production Material maintenance accounting planning management management

Plant

Quality

Domestic Human

and resources

export

sales management

Inventory - Raw material, stores, finished goods The typical user distribution in a spinning mill is shown in Figure 7. It can be seen from the Figure that all the functions are integrated by the ERP system. Before implementing ERP the unit should consider the following: Have a clear understanding of the functionalities in the business before moving to proposal stage. Involve top management in every stage of ERP implementation. Re-engineer the business process. Plan to go step-by-step approach (modular integration) rather than going in for all at a time - this helps the employees to learn and adopt the new process and practice.

To make the ERP implementation successful the involvement and commitment from top management is essential. It is very important to select a right team, in terms of Steering Committee and Core Committee. IT team should be a part of the core team. Also, proper training has to be provided to users at all levels. Most apparel maker's supply chains now span the globe with many hands touching the garment before it reaches the consumer. But, along the way the complexity of coordinating the product definition and managing the communications, avoiding miscommunications, across multiple companies is an immense challenge. If information is not 100% accurate, products fail to meet customer expectations, or arrive too late for the intended season, this can result in deep markdowns to liquidate the inventory before the next season of products arrive. Case Study 1

Recently, we had the opportunity of seeing the application of IT in a few garment industries in Taiwan and Hong Kong. A company at Taiwan (AB) has a design development centre and a small garment factory at Taiwan. The company has several garment factories at main land China, Vietnam, Lesotho, etc. The sales and financial deals are conducted at Taiwan. When a customer comes in he is being taken to design development centre. The customer is shown the designs for his desired product on computer screen and after short listing the same, he is taken to the fabric bank where 900 - 1000 different varieties of fabrics with product details are stored. Once the customer zero-in to his desired fabric a real sample is produced and given to him within an hour. If the customer finalises the order, by inter-net the message goes to fabric source, yarn source in one direction and allotment of lots is planned for garment manufacturing in other direction. The software developed by the company personnel chooses the factory using linear programme for optimum cost and quality. At any given time the status of a lot can be monitored on the screen by Internet connection. Application of Information Technology has made this Taiwan office a virtual factory where quality details, status of the products and all other related factors can be seen, though they are produced at other parts of the world. Fig 8 and 9 show a typical case of vertical integration and information flow. Thus, they are availing low cost production, still maintaining the quality by strongly monitoring supply chain and product quality sitting at Taiwan. Case Study 2

Company CD is a global clothing manufacturer in Taiwan with factories in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, El Salvador, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. It tackles the following processes electronically: Order management, procurement, manufacturing, shop floor, shipping, finance and human resources. E-business has helped to facilitate the work of efficient collaboration in the competitive global environment; and the company uses both Gerber WebPDM and Oracle ERP to facilitate this work. On the collaborative front, it requires it suppliers to use B2B applications for

processing purchase orders and shipment documentation. Using these systems the company CD is able serve customers such as Carter, Express, Federated, The Gap, JC Penny, Kmart, Kohl's, May, Sears and Target. At CD the process starts with an inquiry from a buyer in the United States or Europe. Salespeople meet with customers for the prototype, and the merchandisers obtain historical information from similar specifications, fabric and accessories. This generates the skeleton of the prototype order. The information is communicated to the CAD room (where patterns are produced using the CAD system) and historical pattern data is retrieved from the database for quick pattern alterations and development. The measurement specifications are then cross-referenced, and the patterns and markers are modified according to the customer fit specifications. The sales samples are then generated.

The system used by CD enables various departments and buyers to share and update information via the Internet at the same time. The entire process takes place in parallel, which improves communication efficiency for all parties, including overseas manufacturing units. The various departments involved include sales, merchandising, purchasing, production, technical design, design, the CAD room and the cutting room. If, for example, the merchandising personnel change the measurement of a sample, then the details of the change are made available to everyone who needs to know. This process saves prototype development costs and improves the success-to-failure ratio for sample development. In other words, the product development cycle and sample turnover are more rapid than that of the competitors using conventional method. The system includes multimedia capability (such as the ability to view and search for image files or video) to enhance the quality of communication. The integration of both systems allows a single input to serve two systems (clothing specification and ERP) along with other business modules. The measurement approval and samplemaking system greatly reduces the product lead-time and procedures in specification approval. Integrated 3D bill of materials overcomes the problems of time-consuming material calculations and complicated BOM structure. This reduces the cycle time for sourcing and purchasing clothing accessories. During implementation of this system this company arranged for vigorous training programme for staff and workmen of all levels. Initially there was some resistance from the workmen such as stitching machine operators, as they had to change their system of working (introduction of bar code for each lot and reading those cards by using bar code readers after completion of each lot). After training programme similar problems could be eliminated. This company became No: 1 in revenue ranking within three years of implementation of this system from No: 20. The above examples can be considered as application of IT at highest level. In India, utilising the strength of Indian software companies, the textile industry can improve their performance considerably. SITRA has developed various products, which mainly help in accumulation of data from the machines; control waste; improve efficiency and reduce power consumption. SITRA Ener Infosys, an Energy information system, collects information on power consumption of individual machines directly and the software analyses the same in a centralised system. SITRA Comber Intelligent Monitor (CIM) provides detail about production, breakages on combers and helps the operator

identify the head where the sliver is broken thereby increases the efficiency. SITRA Draw-frame Auto leveler helps in improving the quality of yarn as well as provides all production and quality details. SITRA Fleximark is the garment pattern making software, which helps in reducing fabric waste. Also, SITRA has developed software for productivity calculation and bench marking namely SITRA MaxProd. Presently it is working on development of costing software for spinning industry. Indian textile and garment companies have a great future provided they equip themselves with latest technology machineries and good communication systems. The use of Information Technology in maximum possible ways can enhance the performance of the companies. A time will come when the companies with poor communication system will find difficult to survive in the highly competitive field.

Important information on the Communication and IT Sector

Ministry

Ministry of Communications and Information Technology

Departments

y y y

Department of Information Technology (DIT) Department of Posts Department of Telecommunications (DOT)

Attached Offices

y y

National Informatics Centre (NIC) Standardisation, Testing and Quality Cerification (STQC)

Autonomous Bodies

y y y y y y y y y

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) Centre for Liquid Crystal Research (CLCR) Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) Education and Research Network (ERNET) Electronics and Computer Software Export Promotion Council (ESC) MIT Accreditation of Computer Courses (DOEACC) Society for Applied Microwave Electronic Engineering and Research (SAMEER) Software Technology Parks of India (STPI)

PSUs and Joint Ventures

y y

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) Indian Telephone Industries Limited (ITI)

y y y y y y

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) Media Lab Asia National Informatics Centre Services Incorporated (NICSI) National Institute for Smart Government (NISG) Semiconductor Complex Limited (SCL) Telecommunications Consultants India Limited (TCIL)

Divisions/Units/Wings/Branches...

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Advanced Level Telecommunication Training Centre (ALTTC) Agriculture Marketing Information System Network (AGMARKNET) Andaman and Nicobar Telecom Circle Andhra Pradesh Telecom Circle Ara Telecom District Assam Telecom Circle Bangalore Telecom District Bhagalpur Telecom District Bharat Ratna Bhim Rao Ambedkar Institute of Telecom Training (BRBRAITT) Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) Portal Bihar Telecom Circle Chandigarh Telecom District Chapra Telecom District Chennai Telephones Chhattisgarh Telecom Circle Civil Wing, BSNL Coimbatore Postal Region Community Information Centre (CIC) Community Information Centre (CIC), Achabal, Anantnag Community Information Centre (CIC), Anini, Dibang Valley Community Information Centre (CIC), Arunachal Pradesh Community Information Centre (CIC), Assam Lingzey, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Bameng, East Kameng Community Information Centre (CIC), Bandipora, Baramulla Community Information Centre (CIC), Baramulla, Baramulla Community Information Centre (CIC), Bordumsa-Diyum, Changlang Community Information Centre (CIC), Budgam, Budgam Community Information Centre (CIC), Chambang, Kurung Kumey

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Community Information Centre (CIC), Chayang-Tajo, East Kameng Community Information Centre (CIC), Damin, Kurung Kumey Community Information Centre (CIC), Duga, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Gangtok, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Hawai, Lohit Community Information Centre (CIC), Hayuliang, Lohit Community Information Centre (CIC), Hunli-Kronli, Dibang Valley Community Information Centre (CIC), Jammu and Kashmir Community Information Centre (CIC), Khag, Budgam Community Information Centre (CIC), Khagam, Changlang Community Information Centre (CIC), Khan Sahib, Budgam Community Information Centre (CIC), Khoveri Pora, Anantnag Community Information Centre (CIC), Koloriang, Kurung Kumey Community Information Centre (CIC), Kulgam, Anantnag Community Information Centre (CIC), Mebo, East Siang Community Information Centre (CIC), Nagam, Budgam Community Information Centre (CIC), Namsai, Lohit Community Information Centre (CIC), Nyapin, Kurung Kumey Community Information Centre (CIC), Pacheykhani, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Pakke Kessang, East Kameng Community Information Centre (CIC), Pakyong, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Palin, Kurung Kumey Community Information Centre (CIC), Pampor, Pulwama Community Information Centre (CIC), Pangin, East Siang Community Information Centre (CIC), Pasighat, East Siang Community Information Centre (CIC), Penlong, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Quamoh, Anantnag Community Information Centre (CIC), Raga, Lower Subansiri Community Information Centre (CIC), Rhenock, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Rohama, Baramulla Community Information Centre (CIC), Roing, Dibang Valley Community Information Centre (CIC), Rongli, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Rumtek, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Samdong, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Sang, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Segalee, Papum Pare

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Community Information Centre (CIC), Seppa, East Kameng Community Information Centre (CIC), Shahabad, Anantnag Community Information Centre (CIC), Shopian, Pulwama Community Information Centre (CIC), Sichey Busty, East Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Sikkim Community Information Centre (CIC), Sopore, Baramulla Community Information Centre (CIC), Tali, Kurung Kumey Community Information Centre (CIC), Tangmarg, Baramulla Community Information Centre (CIC), Tezu, Lohit Community Information Centre (CIC), Tral, Pulwama Community Information Centre (CIC), Uri, Baramulla Community Information Centre (CIC), Wakro, Lohit Community Information Centre (CIC), Yupia, Papum Pare Community Information Centre (CIC), Ziro-1, Lower Subansiri Community Information Centre (CIC), Ziro-2, Lower Subansiri Community Information Centre(CIC), Drishya, North Eastern Sikkim Community Information Centres (CIC), Manipur Community Software Solution Framework (eNRICH) Computer Aided Design (CAD) Services Customer Care Portal, MTNL Delhi Darbhanga Telecom Data Network Circle, BSNL Districts of India Portal Eastern Telecom Project Circle Eastern Telecom Region Electrical Wing, BSNL Electronic Payment Confirmation System (EPCS), MTNL Electronics Test and Development Centre (ETDC), Chennai Electronics Test and Development Centre (ETDC), Goa Gaya Telecom District Geographical Information System (GIS) for Tamil Nadu Goa State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC) Goa Telecom District Government Tenders Portal Gujarat Telecom Circle Gwalior Telecom

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Hajipur Telephones Haryana Telecom Circle Himachal Pradesh Telecom Circle ICT in the Hands of the Poor Indian Customs Electronic Data Interchange System (ICES) Indian Medlars Centre (INDMED) Informatics - NIC Newsletter Internet Data Centres (IDC), National Informatics Centre (NIC) Jammu and Kashmir State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC) Jammu and Kashmir Telecom Circle Jharkhand Telecom Circle Karnataka Telecom Circle Katihar Telecom District Kerala State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC) Kerala Telecom Circle Khagaria Telecom District Kolkata Telephones Lakshadweep UT Unit, National Informatics Centre Madhya Pradesh State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC) Madhya Pradesh Telecom Circle Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL), Delhi Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL), Mumbai Maharashtra Postal Circle Maharashtra Telecom Circle Mathematical Modelling and Simulation Division Mizoram Postal Division Mysore Telecom District National Academy of Telecom Finance and Management (NATFM) NIC Kerala News North East Postal Circle North East-I Telecom Circle North East-II Telecom Circle Northern Telecom Project Circle Northern Telecom Region Online Bill Payment Portal, MTNL Online Indian Trade Resource (TradeNIC)

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Online Recruitment Form, National Informatics Centre (NIC) Orissa Telecom Circle Patent Information Services Postal Training Centre, Madurai Postal Training Centre, Mysore Punjab Telecom Circle Railway Electrification Project Circle (REPC) Rajasthan Telecom Circle Rural Bazar Rural Informatics Portal Salem Telecom District Smart Village Project Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), Chennai South Karnataka Postal Region, Bangalore Southern Telecom Project Circle Southern Telecom Region Srinagar Telecom Tamil Nadu Postal Circle Tamil Nadu State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC) Tamil Nadu Telecom Circle Technical and Development Circle, BSNL Telecom Electrical Wing, BSNL Telecom Factory, Jabalpur, BSNL Telecom Factory, Kolkata, BSNL Telecom Factory, Mumbai, BSNL Telecom Factory, Richhai, BSNL Telecom Quality Assurance Circle Telecom Stores, Kolkata BSNL Training Division, NIC Tripura Postal Services Tripura Telecom Uttar Pradesh (East) Telecom Circle Uttar Pradesh (West) Telecom Circle Uttaranchal State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC) Uttaranchal Telecom Circle Video Conferencing Services

y y y y
Others

Water Resources Informatics Division, NIC Web Services and Multimedia Applications Division, NIC West Bengal Telecom Circle Western Telecom Region

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA) Controller of Communication Accounts, Haryana Controller of Communication Accounts, Jharkhand Controller of Communication Accounts, Madhya Pradesh Circle Controller of Communication Accounts, Maharashtra Circle Controller of Communication Accounts, Orissa Controller of Communication Accounts, Tamil Nadu Circle District Information System of National Informatics Centre (DISNIC) Electronics and Information Technology Exposition (ELITEX), 2007 GOV.IN Domain Registration Process Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) Indian Government Portal Indian Sources Joint Controller of Communication Accounts, Chhattisgarh MCIT Library Consortium National Centre for Electronic Switching (NCES) National Internet eXchange of India (NIXI) Resource Centre for Digital Rights Management Technology Development for Indian Languages (TDIL) Working Group on Information Technology for Masses

There are actually 234 listed IT companies but I chose to publish only the top 200. The combined market cap of the top 200 IT companies is 253499 crores as of APR 23 2009. Infosys topped the list in terms of the market cap though TCS tops the revenues list. Wipro and HCL followed the list. iFlex which is renamed to Oracle FinancialServices is 5th in the list with a market cap of 7566 crores. Tech Mahindra has a market cap of 4049 crores and Satyam has a market cap of 3184 crores. Together they have a market cap of 7233 crores. This is around

300 crores less than Oracle Financial Services. The integrated company of Tech Mahindra + Satyam stands at 6th position. In all probability that will move further up as the financial situation of Satyam looks better than what the papers tell. Of the top 10 Indian IT stocks only Satyam is the most volatile stock and it can gain few percentage points and change the whole equation. (source) Top 200 IT companies in India by Market Cap : S.No Companies Market Cap in Crores 1 Infosys Tech 83024.21 2 Tata Consult 55579.59 3 Wipro 45845.61 4 HCL Techno. 8580.78 5 Oracle Finl. 7566.75 6 Mphasis 4741.76 7 Educomp Solu 4485.72 8 Tech Mahindr 4049.96 9 Sterling Int 3495.03 10 Satyam Comp 3184.18 11 Finan.Techno 3076.69 12 Patni Comp. 1967.62 13 HCL Infosys. 1597.69 14 Tulip Telec. 1393.02 15 Rolta (I) 1334.11 16 Moser-Baer 1084.69 17 Redington 1013.48 18 MindTree 935.18 19 Core Project 900.88 20 Cambridge So 798.52 21 Firstsource 727.92 22 CMC 720.46 23 Geodesic 691.5 24 Polaris Soft 651.65 25 Infotech En. 607.14 26 Cranes Soft. 561.21 27 3i Infotech 547.15 28 ICSA (I) 538.28 29 Tanla Solut. 533 30 Vishal Infor 501.96 31 Allied Digital 484.35 32 Hexaware Technologies 467.42 33 Aptech 447.91 34 NIIT 443.18 35 Mastek 410.49 36 NIIT Tech. 387.91 37 Glodyne Tech 373.96 38 Take Sol. 343.2 39 Tata Elxsi 326.35

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

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319.65 305.01 295.05 283.55 277.39 272.26 246.7 246.15 242.71 231.37 223.02 203.96 199.26 198.91 196.7 159.52 143.51 138.88 133.52 128.76 127.8 117.77 107.02 103.16 102.95 99.76 99.75 98.72 98.07 96.23 94.82 92.1 90.67 88.54 87.72 87.43 87.03 83.8 82.34 81.99 81.84 80.63 79.74 78.11 77.08 67.69 62.3 61.46

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135

Spanco Helios & Mat Softsol (I) Religare TG Blue Star In Sparsh BPO S Spel Semicon IT People Allsec Tech. Tera Softwar Mro-Tek Compucom Sof Kale Consul. FCS Software HOV Services Dhanus Tech Indo Pac.Sof Tutis Tech South. Onlin Ajel Infotec Silverline T Moschip Semi Goldstn.Tech TVS Electron Nagreeka Cap Zenith Comp. Cambridge Tc Edserve Soft Trigyn Tech. Axis IT & T Sanraa Media Cybertech Sy Californ.Sof Maars Soft PCS Tech. Kaashyap Tec Intense Tech Avantel Soft Maestros Med SQL Star Int ABM Knowledg Brels Info. Mindteck Sankhya Info Compuage Inf ASM Tech. Visesh Info Pan (I) Corp

59.58 55.58 54.89 53.78 52.5 49.5 46.75 44.67 44.17 43.91 41.66 40.69 39.93 39.68 39.16 35.61 35.38 34.42 34.31 32.63 31.15 30.28 30.01 29.92 29.59 27.88 27.37 27.26 27.23 25.35 23.92 23.9 23.56 23.48 22.53 22.26 21.47 20.6 20.57 20.21 20 19.26 19.01 17.98 17.3 17.23 17.2 17.14

136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183

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17.06 16.57 16.57 16.33 16.31 16.31 14.96 14.93 14.61 14.15 13.85 13 12.88 12.44 12.43 12.31 12.19 12.12 11.07 10.93 10.91 10.65 10.52 10.41 9.6 9.09 8.63 8.54 8.32 8.2 8.08 7.92 7.61 7.59 7.56 7.55 7.41 7.36 7.26 7.01 6.89 6.67 6.66 6.36 6.13 5.89 5.82 5.79

184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200

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5.78 5.73 5.72 5.61 5.33 4.89 4.88 4.77 4.72 4.55 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.34 4.3 4.05 3.84

Information technology in India

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about IT in India. For an overview of modern science and technology in India, see Science and technology in the Republic of India. Also see Communications in India for further information. The Indian Information Technology industry accounts for a 5.19% of the country's GDP and export earnings as of 2009, while providing employment to a significant number of its tertiary sectorworkforce. More than 2.5 million people are employed in the sector either directly or indirectly, making it one of the biggest job creators in India and a mainstay of the national economy. In 2010-11, annual revenues from IT-BPO sector is estimated to have grown over US$76 billion compared to China with $35.76 billion and Philippines with $8.85 billion.[1] India's outsourcing industry is expected to increase to US$225 billion by 2020. The most prominent IT hub is Bangalore. The other emerging destinations are Chennai, Hyderabad, Coimbatore, Kolkata, Kochi, Pune, Mumbai, Ahmedabad , NCR. Technically proficient immigrants from India sought jobs in the western world from the 1950s onwards as India's education system produced more engineers than its industry

could absorb. India's growing stature in the Information Age enabled it to form close ties with both the United States of America and the European Union. However, the recent global financial crises has deeply impacted the Indian IT companies as well as global companies. As a result hiring has dropped sharply, and employees are looking at different sectors like the financial service, telecommunications, and manufacturing industries, which have been growing phenomenally over the last few years.[2] India's IT Services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of Tata Group in partnership with Burroughs.[3] The first software export zone SEEPZ was set up here way back in 1973, the old avatar of the modern day IT park. More than 80 percent of the country's software exports happened out of SEEPZ, Mumbai in 80s.[4] Each year India produces roughly 500,000 engineers in the country,[5][6] out of them only 25% to 30%[7] possessed both technical competency and English language skills, although 12% of India's population can speak in English.[8] India developed a number of outsourcing companies specializing in customer support via Internet or telephone connections. By 2009, India also has a total of 37,160,000 telephone lines in use,[9] a total of 506,040,000 mobile phone connections,[10] a total of 81,000,000 Internet userscomprising 7.0% of the country's population,[11] and 7,570,000 people in the country have access to broadband Internet making it the 12th largest country in the world in terms of broadband Internet users.[12] Total fixed-line and wireless subscribers reached 543.20 million as of November, 2009.[13]
Contents
[hide]

1 Formative years (till 1991) 2 1991 2001

o o o o o o o

2.1 2001 present 2.2 Health issues among Young labor force 2.3 Top 10 IT Hubs in India 2.4 See also 2.5 References 2.6 Further reading 2.7 External links

[edit]Formative

years (till 1991)

The Indian Government acquired the EVS EM computers from the Soviet Union, which were used in large companies and research laboratories. In 1968 Tata Consultancy Servicesestablished inSEEPZ, Mumbai[3] by the Tata Groupwere the country's largest software producers during the 1960s. As an outcome of the various policies of Jawaharlal Nehru (office: 15 August 1947 27 May 1964) the economically beleaguered country was able to build a large scientific workforce, third in numbers only to that of the United States of America and the Soviet Union. On 18 August 1951 the minister of education Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, inaugurated the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur in West Bengal. Possibly modeled after the Massachusetts Institute of Technology these institutions were conceived by a 22 member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs under the chairmanship of N. R. Sarkar. Relaxed immigration laws in the United States of America (1965) attracted a number of skilled Indian professionals aiming for research. By 1960 as many as 10,000 Indians were estimated to have settled in the US. By the 1980s a number of engineers from India were seeking employment in other countries. In response, the Indian companies realigned wages to retain their experienced staff. In the Encyclopedia of India, Kamdar (2006) reports on the role of Indian immigrants (1980 - early 1990s) in promoting technology-driven growth:
The United States technological lead was driven in no small part by the brain power of brilliant immigrants, many of whom came from India. The inestimable contributions of thousands of highly trained Indian migrants in every area of American scientific and technological achievement culminated with the information technology revolution most associated with California s Silicon Valley in the 1980s and 1990s.[14]

The National Informatics Centre was established in March 1975. The inception of The Computer Maintenance Company (CMC) followed in October 1976. Between 1977-1980 the country's Information Technology companies Tata Infotech, Patni Computer Systems and Wipro had become visible. The 'microchip revolution' of the 1980s had convinced both Indira Gandhi and her successor Rajiv Gandhithat electronics and telecommunications were vital to India's growth and development. MTNL underwent technological improvements. Between 1986-1987, the Indian government embarked upon the creation of three wide-area computer networking schemes: INDONET (intended to serve the IBM mainframes in India), NICNET (the network for India's National Informatics Centre), and the academic research oriented Education and Research Network (ERNET).

[edit]

19912001

Regulated VSAT links became visible in 1985. Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to relax regulations on linking in 1991:
In 1991 the Department of Electronics broke this impasse, creating a corporation called Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) that, being owned by the government, could provide VSAT communications without breaching its monopoly. STPI set up software technology parks in different cities, each of which provided satellite links to be used by firms; the local link was a wireless radio link. In 1993 the government began to allow individual companies their own dedicated links, which allowed work done in India to be transmitted abroad directly. Indian firms soon convinced their American customers that a satellite link was as reliable as a team of programmers working in the clients office.

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in 1991, the 64 kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible scale in 1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centre's NICNET. The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of globalization and international economic integration. Economic growth of over 6% annually was seen between 1993-2002. The economic reforms were driven in part by significant the internet usage in the country. The new administration under Atal Bihari Vajpayeewhich placed the development of Information Technology among its top five priorities formed the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development. Wolcott & Goodman (2003) report on the role of the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development:
Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced an extensive background report on the state of technology in India and an IT Action Plan with 108 recommendations. The Task Force could act quickly because it built upon the experience and frustrations of state governments, central government agencies, universities, and the software industry. Much of what it proposed was also consistent with the thinking and recommendations of international bodies like the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and World Bank. In addition, the Task Force incorporated the experiences of Singapore and other nations, which implemented similar programs. It was less a task of invention than of sparking action on a consensus that had already evolved within the networking community and government.

The New Telecommunications Policy, 1999 (NTP 1999) helped further liberalize India's telecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act 2000 created legal procedures for electronic transactions and e-commerce. Throughout the 1990s, another wave of Indian professionals entered the United States. The number of Indian Americans reached 1.7 million by 2000. This immigration consisted largely

of highly educated technologically proficient workers. Within the United States, Indians fared well in science, engineering, and management. Graduates from the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) became known for their technical skills. Thus GOI planned to established new Institutes specially for Information Technology to enhance this field. In 1998 India got the first IT institute name Indian Institute of Information Technology at Gwalior. The success of Information Technology in India not only had economic repercussions but also had far-reaching political consequences. India's reputation both as a source and a destination for skilled workforce helped it improve its relations with a number of world economies. The relationship between economy and technologyvalued in the western worldfacilitated the growth of an entrepreneurial class of immigrant Indians, which further helped aid in promoting technology-driven growth.
[edit]2001present

Infosys Media Centre in Electronic City, Bangalore.

Cyber Towers at Hitech City inHyderabad

Microsoft India Development Center,Hyderabad

Millenium Tower in Kolkata, Salt Lake Sector-5, a major IT hub in the city.

Tidel Parkone of the largest software parks in Asiawas set up on the July 4, 2000 in Chennai, to aid the growth of Information Technology in Tamil Nadu.

Patni Knowledge Park, Airoli, Navi Mumbai

Cognizant's Delivery Center in Pune

India is now one of the biggest IT capitals in the modern world. The economic effect of the technologically inclined services sector in Indiaaccounting for 40% of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of its workforceis summarized by Sharma (2006):
The share of IT (mainly software) in total exports increased from 1 percent in 1990 to 18 percent in 2001. IT-enabled services such as backoffice operations, remote maintenance, accounting, public call centers, medical transcription, insurance claims, and other bulk processing are rapidly expanding. Indian companies such asHCL, TCS, Wipro, and Infosys may yet become household names around the world.

Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India and contributes 33% of Indian IT Exports. India's second and third largest software companies are head-quartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global SEI-CMM Level 5 Companies. Mumbai too has its share of IT companies that are India's first and largest, like TCS and well established like Reliance[disambiguation needed], Patni, LnT Infotech, i-Flex, WNS, Shine, Naukri, Jobspert etc. are head-quartered in Mumbai. and these IT and dot com companies are ruling the roost of Mumbai's relatively high octane industry of Information Technology. Such is the growth in investment and outsourcing, it was revealed that Cap Gemini will soon have more staff in India than it does in its home market of France with 21,000 personnel+ in India.[15] On 25 June 2002 India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field of science and technology. A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November

2001 to further promote joint research and development. India holds observer status at CERN while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Center is due at Bangalore.
India's IT industry (USD bn)
[16]

Particulars

FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008

IT Services

10.4

13.5

17.8

23.5

31.0

- Exports

7.3

10.0

13.13

18.0

23.1

- Domestic

3.1

3.5

4.5

5.5

7.9

ITES-BPO

3.4

5.2

7.2

9.5

12.5

- Exports

3.1

4.6

6.3

8.4

10.9

- Domestic

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.1

1.6

Engineering services, R&D and Software products 2.9

3.9

5.3

6.5

8.6

- Exports

2.5

3.1

4.0

4.9

6.4

- Domestic

0.4

0.7

1.3

1.6

2.4

Hardware

5.0

5.9

7.0

8.5

12.0

- Exports

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.5

0.5

- Domestic

4.4

5.1

6.5

8.0

11.5

Total IT industry (including hardware) [edit]Health

21.6

28.4

37.4

48.0

64.

issues among Young labor force

Employees in IT / ITES services undergo high stress in their work environment which raises serious concerns about work in this industry.[17] The corporate HR practices are another concern where one survey found TCS employees average age is 29 years and the recruitment practices which contribute to the inexperienced work force in the industry.[18] Corporate critics shortage of human resources but the analyst says 20 year old industry cannot have 6 year experienced labor force.[19] There have been raising concerns on violating employment laws by corporates and there are harassment reported from companies like Wipro.[20]
[edit]Top

10 IT Hubs in India
City Description

Ranking

Bangalore

Popularly known as the capital of the Silicon Valley of India is currently leading in Information Technology Industries in India.

Chennai

It is the Second largest exporter of Software next to Bangalore. It has the largest operations for Indias top software company TCS,Infosys ( has worlds largest development center with 25,000 employers in Mahindra world city at Maraimalainagar, and many centers in IT corridor), and other software companies like Wipro, CTS, Patni, L&T infotech and many companies have major operations in IT corridor, Ambattur and other places in Chennai

Hyderabad

Hyderabad called as Cyberabad, which has good infrastructure and good government support is also a good technology base inIndia.The Government of AP Has built a separate [21] township for IT Industry called the HITEC City.

Pune

Pune, a major industrial point in India.

NCR

The National Capital Region of India comprising Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad are having ambitious projects and are trying to do every possible thing for this purpose.

Mumbai

Popularly known as the commercial, entertainment, financial capital of India, This is one city that has seen tremendous growth in IT and BPO industry, it recorded 63% growth in 2008.[22] TCS, Patni, LnT Infotech, I-Flex WNS and other companies are headquartered here.

Kolkata

Kolkata is a major IT hub in eastern India. All major IT companies are present here. The city has tremendous potential for growth in this sector with upcoming areas like Rajarhat.

Trivandrum

Trivandrum, the capital of kerala is a green metropolis and tier I city. GOK provides a good platform for IT devolopment in the city with India's largest IT park Technopark and dedicated Technocity SEZs.

Bhubaneswar Bhubaneshwar largest city of Orissa exports more than 1500 crores.

10

Jaipur

This rapidly growing industrial hub houses a lot of IT/ITES and BPO giants. Genpact, Connexions IT services, Deutsche Bank and EXL BPO, Infosyss, Tech Mahindra, and Wipro are here. There are plans to build the largest IT SEZ in India by Mahindra under the Mahindra World City.

[edit]

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IMPORTANCE OF IT

Thanks to information technology, you can plug into your company's internal network and work remotely.

Information technology (IT) benefits the business world by allowing organizations to work more efficiently and to maximize productivity. Faster communication, electronic storage and the protection of records are advantages that IT can have on your enterprise. Information technology has to do with computer applications, on which nearly every work environment is dependent. Since computerized systems are so widely used, it is advantageous to incorporate information technology into your organization.

Storing and Protecting Information

Information technology creates electronic storage systems to protect your company's valuable records. According to the Graziadio Business Report, published by Pepperdine University, secure maintenance of customer and patient files is vital to business integrity. Storage systems, such as virtual vaults, keep information safe by only allowing certain users within your company to access, withdraw, add or change the documents. According to an article in Science Daily, IT security engineering systems protect your electronic information from being hacked, or wiped out during a technological disaster. Electronic security engineering means your valuable records will remain untouchable.

Automated Processes
In business, people look for ways to do more work in a shorter amount of time. A November 2000 newsletter published by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco explains that information technology improves your company's efficiency by developing automated processes to take burden off your staff. In turn, your employees are free to work on other things while the computer runs their reports, creates queries, tracks projects and monitors financials.

Work Remotely
IT systems give you remote access to your companys electronic network, so that you can work from home or on the road. This accessibility allows you to increase your productivity because you can still get work done, even when you arent physically in the office.

Communication

Communication is essential to the business world, and information technology gives your company the resources it needs to communicate quickly and effectively. Your IT department can hook your employees up with email, video conferencing equipment and internal chat rooms, so that they always have an efficient way to conduct business and communicate
Sweden and Singapore continue to top the rankings of The Global Information Technology Report 2010-2011, Transformations 2.0, confirming the leadership of the Nordic countries and the Asian Tiger economies in adopting and implementing ICT advances for increased growth and development. Finland jumps to third place, while Switzerland and the United States are steady in fourth and fifth place respectively. The 10th anniversary edition of the report focuses on ICTs power to transform society in the next decade through modernization and innovation. The Nordic countries lead the way in leveraging ICT. With Denmark in 7th and Norway in 9th place, all are in the top 10, except for Iceland, which is ranked in 16th position. Led by Singapore in second place, the other Asian Tiger economies continue to make progress in the ranking, with both Taiwan, China, and Korea improving five places to 6th and 10th respectively, and Hong Kong SAR following closely at 12th.

With a record coverage of 138 economies worldwide, the report remains the worlds most comprehensive and authoritative international assessment of the impact of ICT on the development process and the competitiveness of nations. The Networked Readiness Index (NRI) featured in the report examines how prepared countries are to use ICT effectively on three dimensions: the general business, regulatory and infrastructure environment for ICT; the readiness of the three key societal actors ? individuals, businesses and governments ? to use and benefit from ICT; and their actual usage of available ICT. Under the theme Transformations 2.0, this 10th anniversary edition explores the coming transformations powered by ICT, with a focus on the impact they will have on individuals, businesses and governments over the next few years. Since the beginning of the report, the sheer amount of information generated by todays digital society has increased at an astounding rate. In order to measure impact of ICT and this new data revolution, a new data sharing platform is also launched on the occasion of the reports 10th anniversary to provide users with a set of tools to explore the impact of information and data technology on a range of socio-economic areas. The platform uses DevInfos database system and features a unique data visualization tool developed by public relations agency RuderFinn. The Networked Readiness Index uses a combination of data from publicly available sources, as well as the results of the Executive Opinion Survey, a comprehensive annual survey conducted by the World Economic Forum with its network of partner institutes (leading research institutes and business organizations) in the countries included in the report. This survey of over 15,000 executives provides unique data on many qualitative dimensions important to assess national networked readiness.

Information Technology Services

Information Technology Services or IT Services from Reliance are focused on helping customers realize their business goals by delivering tangible, measurable benefits. For instance, we helped Thames Water, one of the largest utility companies in the UK, reduce Information Technology support costs by 20%.

Service Offerings
Application Development & Maintenance Business Process Management (BPM) Architecture Consulting Enterprise Application Integration E-commerce B2E, B2B, B2C Data Warehousing Networking & Infrastructure Content Management

Methodologies and Tools ( Methodology. OOP, OOAD, RAD,SPP Application Development and Maintenance ( ( ( (
Conceptualization, Analysis, Design Development, Testing and Implementation Project Management

( ( ( ( (

Tools, Industry leading tools Benefits Reusable Frameworks Architecture Frameworks

Database and data management

Project Delivery Frameworks

( Graphics multimedia, Speech recognition ( ( Groupware - productivity Operating systems Mainframe Systems Custom Development in Legacy and Client Server environments Industry Practices ( (
Energy & Utilities Finance

CRM

(
Supply Chain Management

ERP Internet and Enterprise Security Change Management Legacy Transformation & Consolidation e-Testing

Today, outstripping the competition demands that you dedicate your time, talent and money to maximizing value. Instead, your IT team is plagued by the headaches and hassles of maintaining software systems, ten, twenty and possibly even 30 years old. It fuels frustration. Lowers morale. Delights your competitors. Aggravates your customers. And lays waste to the very mission-critical tasks that propel you forward. When do you have the time to develop new applications? Where are the resources to rewrite and re-engineer mainframe and client/server applications onto newer platforms? And how can you maintain productivity gains when software maintenance is eating away at your ROI? Face it, your legacy systems have become liabilities. Or, at least maintaining them has. Our Application Management services are the answer. Designing and developing innovative solutions is our forte. With 15 years of experience in application development, our creative ideas, proven frameworks and experienced professionals deliver ground-up, but state of the art software solutions that address customer needs. We combine best-of-breed technologies with the still-valuable components of legacy systems to help our customers accomplish business goals. Our services in these areas are focused on: Application Development Migration and Customization Application Maintenance Applications Re-Engineering Productivity Enhancements

( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

Government HealthScience Hospitality High Technology Insurance Investment Management Manufacturing Media & Entertainment Retail Securities & Capital Markets Software Products

Telecom & Internet Service Providers

Travel and Transportation

( ( ( ( (

Information Technology Act

y y y y y
Notification under IT(Amendment) Act, 2008 IT (Amendment) Act 2008(2349 KB) This pdf file is non accessible through use of Assistive Technologies (i.e.screen-readers). For user information Document title is "The Gazette of India Part II" Dated February 5,2009. For More information contact DIT webmaster. IT Act 2000 Rules for the Information Technology Act 2000 Report of the Expert Committee on Amendments to IT Act 2000

Madhya Pradesh Telecom Circle covers the entire state of Madhya Pradesh. This state is the site of world's earliest and highly developed civilization. There are over 1800 magnificent monuments bearing the witness to the glory of the land of Malwa. There are some most primitive of aboriginal tribes of India. In this great Central Plateau of rugged mountain ranges, deep ravines and rusting rivers, there are also vast unexplored tracks of thick forest where some of the country's finest big game roam and therefore Madhya Pradesh is rightly called Tiger State. M.P. Telecom Circle, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is the lifeline of Madhya Pradesh State. This State is covering3, 08, 000 Square Kms of geographical area. It is divided into 48 revenue districts, 247 Tehsils, 313 Block Head Quarters and 51,806 villages. In the present scenario, the BSNL is playing an important role for infrastructure. M.P. Telecom Circle was the first Circle in the country to introduce Internet Services in District and Tehsil head quarters at the rate of local calls. Voice Mail Service which is first in the country in BSNL

was inaugurated into service at Indore on 29th May 2002. Total 2791 Telephone Exchanges are functioning in M.P. State with an OFC Network of 27,222.7 Kms length. Almost 100 % of Exchanges are on reliable (OFC /Radio/Satellite) media. Cellular Mobile Service has been launched with effect from 20-10-2002. MP TELECOM CIRCLE AT A GLANCE

No. of Districts No. of SSAs No. of SDCAs No. of THQs No. of BHQs Switching Capacity Working DELs No. of Cellular Mobile Subscribers No. of Exchanges Waiting List for NTC ( Wired, WLL and Moble) Tele-Density TAX Capacity (Circuits) OFC Route Length in KMs Radio Route KMs Exchanges on Reliable Media Stations connected with MCPC Exchanges on STD Total inhabitated Revenue Villages Villages having VPT by BSNL No. of Gramin Sanchar Sewaks (GSS) PCOs - Local PCOs - STD PCOs - Highway Revenue earned from Services (06-07)
Revenue earned Total (06-07)

48 34 249 272 313 26,94,300 ( Wired-16,63,650, WLL 3,23,500 & GSM 7,07,150) 23,57,660 ( Wired-12,03,458, WLL 2,66,212 & GSM 8,87,990) 8,87,990 2791 12,144 3.9 2,47,700 27,222.7 2542.22 2791 ( 100% ) 3 2791 ( 100% Exchanges ) 51806 49,193 154 for 836 villages 23,196 26,528 1386 1082 Crores
1223 Crores

Revenue per Line (06-07) Revenue Expenditure (06-07) No. of Internet Nodes working

Rs. 384 495 Crores 43

Working Internet Connections

Working Broad Band Connections

1,51,999
34,096

Stations having ISDN facility SDCAs having IN facility coverage No. of BHQs having Internet Kiosks No. of Customer Service Centres No. of Teleshoppes Directory on CD made availables since month Computerised Telephone Billing in SSAs FRS computerisation for exchange SDCAs having IVRS Cities having DIAS systems Call Centre working

116 249 ( 100% ) 223 318 16 Last version released in Sep. 2003 34 ( 100% computerised ) 2791 (100%) 249 SDCAs (100%) 2 ( Bhopal and Indore ) Centralized Call Center at Bhopal for all SSAs in M P Telecom Circle

SERVICES
Switching : M P Telecom Circle has Switching Capacity of about 26,94,300 ( wired 16,63,650, WLL 3,23,500, GSM 7,07,150) lines with 23,57,660 ( wired 12,03,458, WLL 2,66,212, GSM 8,87,990 ) working DELs as on date. There are 2791 Telephone Exchanges in the State. Telephones are available on demand in most of the Cities & Towns. Transmission : M P Telecom has got OFC route of 27,222.7 We have covered 100% stations on reliable media. Practically every important exchange is connected with OFC media. Band-width for Information Technology, even in most of the Rural areas, is available on demand. Village Public Telephones : All the 37601 villages meant for VPT coverage by MP Circle, have already provided VPTs during 2003-04 (including four in naxallite areas in Balaghat District). Balance 11,894 villages which could not be earlier covered by Private Operator are now being provided with VPT by BSNL with USO support. We are encouraging provision of STD facility on Village Public Telephones so that majority of rural public are able to make use of Telephone facility.

Internet Connections : Information Technology is the key to Development in the State. To keep pace with the world in the IT field, M P Telecom Circle has taken many steps. We have installed Internet nodes at all District HQs. Total Internet Connections in MP are 1,51,999 which is more than the total Internet Connections provided by all other Private ISPs (Internet Service Providers) in the state. We are providing Sanchar-Net cards which helps user to create his own internet account without any paper formalities. The usage hours of the account thus created can be further charged using recharge vouchers. ISDN Services :

ISDN is a very important service for Data transaction and Video Conferencing. This Service is available on demand in 116 Cities/ Main Towns in M.P. and it can further be made available on demand in any City or Town of the whole of Madhya Pradesh.
Intelligent Network : Each SSP (Service Switching Point) facilitates IN (Intelligent Network) coverage in 6 SDCAs. We have 39 SSPs working in MP Circle as on date. Intelligent network services are available in 249 SDCAs, each covering 12 Exchanges on an average. Among various IN Services, India Telephone Card is the most popular service. Internet Cafe : With a view to promote Information Technology and Computerization in rural areas, BSNL has taken a strong lead. We have provided 248 Internet Cafe in 223 BHQs out of 313 Block HQs in the State. Balance 92 BHQs will have Internet Cafe within one year. Customer Service Centers (CSCs) : Our motto is A Satisfied Customer is our Best Salesman. For giving maximum satisfaction to our valued customers, we have taken several steps in the State for Customer Care. Total 318 Customer Service Centers and 16 Tele-shoppes are functioning. All the services and facilities are available on these Customer Service Centers for the benefit of public. We have upgraded major Customer Service Centers for GSM Mobile. Our efforts are to make all these CSCs function on the Single window Concept. Public Grievances Cell : A monitoring Cell at Circle HQ level has also been opened. Any customer having any grievance related to telephone, in case his problem is not solved within a reasonable time, can dial at TOLL FREE telephone number 12727 at Circle Headquarter from anywhere in MP and can get his grievance redressed. Modernisation of Exchange Network : External Plant is being upgraded in a phased manner to bring down the fault rate to single digit per 100 telephones. In this regard, efforts are being made for fitting of internal DPs/ Wall/ surface DPs and to make the external plant network poleless. Life expired Telephone Instruments are being replaced and Paper Core underground cable is being phased out. All the

Analogue Exchanges have already been phased out and already taken out of the Network. Deposit of Bills in Banks in Rural Areas :

Now customers are able to deposit their telephone bills in the various branches, situated in rural and as well as in urban areas, of State Bank Of India, Central Bank of India & Punjab National Bank. This is an added facility for the customers in addition to the existing one, where the bills are deposited in Post Offices. Efforts are also being made to introduce this facility at other places in the State.
Telephone Directory :

Latest Telephone directories have been printed in 15 SSAs and the work is in progress for remaining SSA. Also corrected telephone directory of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh is available on CD with new numbering introduced this year.
Computerisation of Telecom Services : Directory Enquiry Service (197) has been computerized in all 34 SSAs. Fault Repair Service (198) has been computerized at SDCC HQ. Telephone billing is fully computerized in all the 34 SSAs. IVRS (Interactive Voice Response System) is functioning in all 249 SDCAs. Conversion of 256 P into AN-RAX : To further improve the rural network in the state we have planned to convert 256P exchanges into AN-RAXs (Access network rural exchange) . With this conversion, these 256P exchanges

Implementation of IT in State Govt. of Bihar

March 21st, 2011 Biharprabha Admin

Information Technology The Information Technology (Amendment) Act 2008 has been enforced and rules of important sections notified in October 2009 addressing national cyber security. The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT- 1n) has been designated as the nodal agency for coordinating the matters relating to cyber security and emergency response, which published a crisis management plan for countering cyber attacks and cyber terrorism. Bihar has been catching up fast in the field of IT and related services in recent years. Several initiatives have been made to promote IT and allied projects to facilitate e-governance in the state.To make Bihar one of the top five e-governed, IT enabled and e-literate states by 2012, the state government has formulated its Information Technology Policy in 2008. With a view to making Bihar a preferred destination for IT business and industry, the state government has also decided to offer a special package of incentives to attract them to the state and another Draft Information Technology Policy is under consideration. The

importance of IT may also be gauged from the fact that the total plan outlay for IT department, which was Rs. 5952 lakh in 2009-10 has been increased to more than three times in 2010-11. Sec LAN Under the Secretariat Local Area Scheme, all secretariat offices and Chief Ministers residence are connected in a fiber optic Local Area Network (LAN). An outlay of Rs. 1000 lakh has been planned for the project in 2010-11. All the planned 3300 Data Points have been completed successfully. BSWAN Under this scheme, there are a total of 533 points of presence (PoPs)-I in the state, 37 at the district and 495 at block levels. The total project outlay is Rs. 256.24 crore, with the state share of Rs. 97.17 crore, towards bandwidth cost and site preparation for PoPs and horizontal offices. In 2010-11, an outlay of Rs. 900 lakh has been earmarked for BSWAN. During 2010-11, out of 533 PoPs, 484 have been established till October 2010. The remaining 49 PoPs will be completed during this financial year. Common Service Centre (CSC) The state government has already taken action to create a network of Common Service Centre christened Vasudha in all 8,463 Panchayats of the state as outlets for various services. Of these, 5538 Vasudha Kendras have so far been established E-District The project is wholly sponsored by the central government. A total of 94 Common Facilities Centre (CFC) under e-district plan are to be established, out of which 67 CFCs have been established and the remaining 27 will be established during the financial year 2010-11. E-Governance During the financial year 2010-11, the total outlay for the e-governance is Rs. 1400 lakh. The Department of Information Technology is executing GIS mapping through NIC, Beltron, IWDMS, Regional Institute of e-learning and Information Technology for DOEACC Society. E-Procurement The state government has decided to launch e-Procurement system to purchase goods and services through open tenders so that the value of money is ensured. Initially, e-Procurement project has been started as a pilot project for schemes above Rs. 25 lakh in certain departments like Road Construction, Bridge Construction, PHED, Building Construction and the Department of Information Technology and Beltron. During the financial year 2010-11, a total of 1008 tenders has been put up for disposal, whereas 636 have been disposed. State Data Centre year 2010-11, for IT fairs and conferences and other capacity building measures, an outlay of Rs.

580.00 lakh has been made.

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These days IT is crucial to the majority of businesses. Almost all companies use IT to some extent, making it important for employees to have proficient knowledge in the area. It is not longer just IT jobs where staff need a good knowledge of IT. Almost all office based jobs are now almost entirely based around computers and IT. Having good IT skills gives you a major advantage over those who do not. Even if a role is not an IT job per se, IT knowledge may give you an advantage over other candidates and help you once you are employed. Employees are expected to know the basics of IT in most jobs and there is an assumption that you are able to perform basic computer related tasks. Email is often the main mode of communication, while employees are also expected to be

able to write documents and use spreadsheets. In most cases the Internet is the main research method, so being confident using Google, for example, can be a must. Most admin tasks in any business are now performed through the use of IT and for the large part the traditional numerous filing cabinets are gone. Accounting is usually done with spreadsheets, so accounting staff also need knowledge of IT. Even those working in shops and restaurant will use IT is certain ways, such as the tills. Anyone working in management in any job will need to be able to use computers to either a small or large extend, depending on the nature of their particular job. With IT playing such an important role in business today, good IT training, either in education or once in employment, can make an important difference. IT is there to make life easier, but if you do not have the necessary confidence it can turn into a nightmare. Staff need to understand the processes they are using, and this requires sufficient training. IT can be complex, especially in businesses that use it to a large degree, and as with all technologies there will be things that go wrong. Therefore support staff who can solve any issues are useful. Some companies will have a person, or even a whole team of people, whose sole job it is to run and maintain the IT systems and networks. IT is there to help, not hider, but if things are not managed properly it can cause a whole host of problems. The IT department and processes need to be managed for IT to have the best possible impact on a business. Things need to be in place so the business can make the most of the advantages IT offers. Some will use some kind of IT methodology to keep their IT management on track. The most widely used methodology is ITIL, which stands for Information Technology Infrastructure Library. ITIL is a set of concept and policies for managing the IT within a business. Essentially it is the IT best practice.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3221599 History of it Information technology, while stirring thoughts and visions of networks, the Internet, server rooms, racks of switches and routers, and advanced terms including VoIP, TCP/IP addressing, security and more, the 'technology' doesn't necessarily refer only to computer related issues. Any medium or channel that stores and processes information enters the category of information technology. The brain is an information processor, working to process and manage information that controls our every movement, body functions, and habits. Whichever procedure or attempt to communicate, store and manage information as well as utilize and administer the data will fall under the classification. The backstory of information technology precedes the invention of the computer. The abacus, used by Asians, Egyptians, Romans, and the Greek can be termed a source of information technology. Calculators, the first mechanical one built by German polymath developed in 1622 Wilhelm Schickard, or the slide rule, byWilliam Oughtred, also comes under the heading of information technology.

Another example would be punch card machines, expanded upon by IBM in the early to mid 1900's, qualifies the term information technology. As time progress along with the advances of inventions and applied knowledge, computing took shape and became useful in a variety of ways other than calculations. Computer science became an academic specialty, creating computer science departments and classes. As these classes took shape, separate branches of computer science became distinct areas of study. Today, Information Technology departments use computers, data centers, servers, database management system, specialized software applications and more, managed by system and database administrators, an Information Technology Manager and other department heads, including a Chief Information Officer (CIO). Even though information technology has a long reach into history, only recently has it been associated with the use of computers