Chemistry Main Topic: Light Concepts & Calculations Focus: Students will be able to: 9PS#18,19,20 12ESS#1,3 12PS#12,13

Describe the nature of light, define a photon Calculate the wavelength, frequency, or energy of a photon of light Compare to colors of light in terms of wavelength, frequency, energy Reading: Ch. 11.1 to 11.2 Materials: Light and the Atom Powerpoint, Library computers These materials are usually used, but wont be this time, since students will be working in the library: (Fingerprints of Light and Electromagnetic Spectrum videos from Planetarium) (Visible light spectrum chart) (Spectrum handout Light WS long spring from physics diffraction gratings from planetarium) (Fisher burner flame test loops K, Li, Cu, Na, Sr salts) (Tennis ball, prism, mirror, laser from planetarium) (Propane torch from home) Procedure 1. This time around, all of the following is encompassed in the Light and the Atom Powerpoint... a. http://198.234.204.51/d_smith/Light%20and%20the%20Atom_files/frame.htm 2. A preview: radiation, electronic structure of the atom, how this structure determines the chemical behavior. 3. Electromagnetic Radiation (Light) our probe of the atom. a. Dual Nature of light: waves & particles (photons or quanta). How can students demonstrate this? i. Particles: reflect like a tennis ball hitting the floor. Demo: laser, mirror, chalk dust. ii. Waves: refract like sound going through an open doorway. Demo: prism, laser. b. Parts of a wave (crest, trough, node), wavelength ( in nanometers), frequency ( in Hertz, Hz, waves per second), speed of the wave ( c is 3.00 x 108 m/s) c. c = x . Demo inverse relationship with long spring. What happens to the wavelength if the frequency increases? d. Calculations: What is the frequency of a light wave if its wavelength is 500 nm? (green light) Have S. convert nm to meters first, then calculate frequency: 6.6e14 s-1 (Hz). e. Energy of light: E = h . (h is Plancks constant = 6.6e-34 J/Hz). Demo how energy has a direct relationship with frequency, inverse relationship with wavelength. What is the energy of the light above? 4.0e-19 J/photon. 4. Electromagnetic Spectrum see Fig. 11.4, pg 299. a. Note direction of wavelength, frequency, energy trends. ROYGBIV b. What are the wavelength boundaries for visible light? 400-700 nm. c. Which light has a longer wavelength: radio or red visible? d. Which light has a higher frequency: IR or UV? Yellow or blue? One with a wavelength of 800 nm or one with a wavelength of 400 nm? e. Which light has more energy: red or blue visible? X-rays or microwaves? One with a wavelength of 5e-7 m or one with a wavelength of 650 nm? f. If you increase the wavelength of a beam of light, what happens to its frequency? Its energy? g. Rank these lights from least to most energy: a) = 700 nm b) = 5e14 Hz c) E = 2.5e-19 J 2.8e-19 3.3e-19 CAB 5. Play Electromagnetic Spectrum video 6. HW: Light WS 7. Evaluation: HW, quiz later.

Name Light Concepts & Calculations (Please show your work for all calculations) stands for wavelength, measured in nanometers c stands for the speed of light, 3.00x 108 m/s

/ 16 pts

stands for frequency, measured in Hertz (Hz, waves/second) h is Plancks constant, 6.6 x 10-34 Joules/Hz (4) Energy in Joules = h x

Equations: (1) x = c (2) = c (3) = c (Note: equations 1, 2, and 3 are just the same equation re-arranged.)

1) Wavelengths of light are usually expressed in nanometers. One nanometer = ( 10-6 / 10-9 / 10-10 / 10-12 ) meter. 2) Convert a wavelength of 5.80 x 10-7 meters to nanometers. 3) Convert a wavelength of 340 nm to meters. 4) If light travels 3.00 x 108 meters per second, how far will light travel in 1 year? (This distance is a light-year, used in astronomy.)

5) Calculate the frequency of light that has a wavelength of 2.70 x 10-7 meters.

6) Calculate the frequency of light that has a wavelength of 480 nm.

7) Calculate the wavelength of light that has a frequency of 5.50 x 1014 Hz.

8) Calculate the energy of 1 photon of light that has a frequency of 7.00 x 1014 Hz.

9) Calculate the energy of 1 photon of light that has a wavelength of 540 nm.

Use the spectrum chart (slide 27 in the powerpoint) to answer the following questions. 10) Which has the higher frequency? microwaves or x-rays 11) Which has the shortest wavelength? 12) Which has the most energy? yellow visible light / / violet visible light / / infrared light / ultraviolet light

red visible light

blue visible light

infrared light

13) Some lasers are tunable, that is the color of the light they emit can be adjusted. If you tuned the color of a laser from 380 nm (UV) to 420 nm (violet visible) light a) did the wavelength ( become longer / become shorter ) b) did the frequency ( increase / decrease ) c) did the energy ( increase / decrease ) 14) Rank these different types of light from the lowest to the highest energy: type A has a wavelength of 490 nm type B has a frequency of 5.16 x 1014 Hz type C has an energy of 4.80 x 10-19 Joules

The spacing of these energy levels is what determines the colors of light given off by a particular element.