C)rAhw,-{L Q"^aou"* Q^Un*l &$-rt ntuo 1f2^f'--oL x Section 2 - Rentjerinlg 4ssrstance

.
A distressed aircraft should not be asked to change its heading for direct intercept unless the aircraft:
a

fr
ft
* *
ah

cr

D is l<lst

c requires nrinor ireadirrg clranges to correct for navigation error

n n n n n
is in immirrent danger and cannot reach safet,v. The

headtn direct intercept solution:

plot the sinruitaneous position of SAR and distressed aircraft the SAR aircraft flies a reciprocal track to that being flown lly the
distressed aircraft

ccnlilute the disiance between the simuitaneous position plots and the ratc-. of closure divide ihe distance separating the two aircraft by rate of closure to cietermine the' time of interception

3 ft t

n
G

Or (graphical solution): n plot the relative positions of both the distressed craft (A) and the intercepting SAR facility (B) for that time at which the inrercepring SAR facility is ready to proceed ! join the iwo positiorrs with a line (AB) n lay off a line at 90" to the distressed craft's course made good and project it a reasonable distance (AC) n alcng this line, measure off the distance it will cover in one hour, based on the speed it is making good, and mark the lrosition with anX o lay off a line at 90' to the intercepting SAR facility's course made ' good on the opposite side of AB and project it a reasonable
distance (BD)

c
t

a
(

G G

along this line, measure off the distance the intercepting SAR facility will cover in one hour, based on the speed it can make good along its intended course, and mark the position with a Y D join the positions X and Y with a line. Where it cuts the course line is the intercept position, P

G G G G
; ;

a
)

to find the time for this inlercept, measure the distance fronr the initial position of either craft to the position of intercept and divide this distance by the speed of the clrosen craft.

)-4

e d

Section 2

- RenderingAssis{ance
Speed 12 knots Track 260"
B

0900

\r\r^.r\i^

1015
r\r\ \ '\\,\.\\i_r..

0900

A
Speed 8 knots Track 080'

A and B 25 NM apart at 0900

Head-on method
The overtaking direct interept solution: a plot the simultaneous position of SAR facility and distressed craft tr the SAR facility moves along the same track to that of the distressed craft o compute the distance between the simultaneous position plots and the rate of closure n divide the distance separating the two craft by rate of closure to determine the time of interception

Or (graphical solution):

plot the relative positions of both the distressed craft (A) and tre intercepting craft (B) for that time at which the intercepting SAR ' facility is ready to prOceed join the two positions with a,line and,project it a reasonable distance (BCi. This line is the course made good of both craft lay off a line at 90o to the intercepting SAR facility's course and project it a reasonable distance (BD) along this line, measure off the distance the intercepting SAR facility will cover in one hour, based on the speed it can make good along its intended course, and mark the position with an X lay off a line at 90' to the distressed craft's course and project it a reasonable distance {AE)on the same side as BD

i
t.
5

I'
1

243

Section 2

Rendering Assistance

n along this line, measure off the distance the distressed craft will
cover in one hour, based on the speed it is making good, and mark the position with a Y

t
/
(

tr join the positions

X and Y with a line and project it until it cuts the

course line at F. This is the intercept position

to find the time for the intercept, measure the distance from the initial position of either craft to the position of the intercept, and .divide this disiarrce by the speeci of the chosen craft.
rooo 1

,{
I
(

Overtaking method

t
The offset

or beamon intercept:

t
(
a

.
o o

The offset or beamon intercept is used when the SAR facitity is to one side of the track being made good by the distressed craft.

The SAR facility intercepts the track of the distressed aircraft.

When the distressed craft has the greater ground speed, the SAR facility will have to be closest to the point of intended landing to .
make the offset interception possible. There are three methods for performing offset or beamon intercepts.

{ \.

r{
I
:( "t
a

Method t:

n plot the relative positions of both the distressed craft (A) and the
intercepting SAR facility (B) for that time at which the intercepting SAR facility is ready to proceed

..,
a

join these two positions with a line (AB)

lay off the distressed craft's track in the direction of its heading and' project it a reasonable distance on the chart'(AC)

. {
:

2-44

t
6

Sectron

2-

RendeirngAssrstance

Offset or bearnon intercept rnthod

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:+

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zi'
'iii .::

o along this projected track or course line of the

D

distressed craft, measure off the distance it will cover in one hour, based on its spced through the air (TAl,for aircr.n) o'' *ater (vessers), and mark the position with an X transfer the line joining the two craft through the protted position, x (xY)

:l rlr ii

.;l:

):

., ,jj ;i.:i f; :
iF

o with the centre of dre cinde being tfie point of departure of rhe intercepting sAR facility, and usinf" ;fi;'"qual ro rhe distance ir
line

r
':!

,if .}i

ii

it'ii

will cover in the rime intervarur"o"r* n" an arc and mark the spot (w) udwe ttre

Jrr,l.*J;dlscribp
arc cuts the transferred

Note: tf.the speed

of theintercqpted interceptingyesse/ rs such that the sca/e af the chart ;t unreas onabre to use a furt honr, then it wiil be necessa ,y uru )roportionar interuar of time to .ensure that the radius of the " [rc cuts the transferred

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ti

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r.-l,

line.

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:

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'

'

draw a line from rhe ;rositiqn of the intercepting sAR facility through the spot where the arc cuts the transferred rine - this is the intercept h.eading/course for the i","*"p,ing sAR facility. gy projecting this line until it.cuts the proje.i*a ,ro.k or course line

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2-4lt

'ff

Seclion 2

Rendering Assisfance

the distressed craft, one finds the position where the intercept will take place (D)

f-l to find the time it witl take for the intercept, measure the disranr_e fronl the initial position of the intercepting vessel rrr the Jroipt of intercept and divide this distance (BD) by the speed
intercepting vcsset.

of

rh,

Meti:tod 2 (with wind/current effects): t-l piot the simultaneous positions of the distressed aircraft (A) and the SAR aircrafr (B) tl a ten-minute leacl to the position of the Cistressed aircrafi is allowed fo:" na..,igationa! ei-i,ors iC) arrtl the pnsition of the distressc'd aircraft one rrour later (o1 r, plotted n plot these dead-reckoning (DR) p'sitions based on speed in knots and course rnade gooci over the ground n a line of constant rrearins (LCB) is drawn lretween positions B and C

i i
!
,
1

t-' a second LCB, parallel to BC, is drarvn through point D r a wind vector (BF), drawn downwind frorn the original position of the SAR aircraft, is drar,vrr

ii I

an arc equal to the sAR aircraft TAS is swung through the second LCB, using the end of the wind vector (F) ai the ce-ntre of origin the liearing and distance of the line drawn from the original position of the sAR aircraft (B) to point (c) represent interception true course and ground speed. rf necessary, this line is exterded until it crosses the projected true courru oi the distressed aircraft

aircraft (B) and the point at which th-e interception true course crosses the projected true course of the distressed aircraft (Hi a the en-route time for this distance and closure time for the lead distance are computed and added to determine tcltal time required for collision point intercept with the distressed aircraft r: depencling on the speed differential, the SAR aircraft miry execute a turn to the reciprocal of the track of the distressed aircraft when the c'urse of the distressc,cl aircraft rr., rr**n

lil distance to intercept the r-;";"-," " aircraft is measured between inrended track "a,r" of the the original position
sAR

"

',il;.,r,;;"

Sectrbn

Rende ring

, ssisiance

0+

10 DR

()J

@,

g, (\,
I

oi

aircraft

Ei

Offset or boam-on intercept method 2

interception of the course of the distressed aircraft can be confirmed by DF from the distressed aircraft.

M ethod

(u

si n g d i

rectio n-fi n d i ng equi p me n t) :

executed as shown
bearings.

This procedure requires that the SAR aircraft have DF equiprnent that can receive transmission from the distressed aircraft and is

in the following figure, using magnetk

- ----sgFffis-EffrfrG
\ -I
r-

93?MAG

TNACK OF DISTRESSED
BEARtf-tCl

AIRCRAFT,

POINTOF
INTERCEPITON

Offset orbepmon intercept method 3

247

Section 2

Rendering Assrstahie

rl maintain a rerative bearing of 45" by checking n if the DF check revears thlt the n"rrinf

" ff:::f,lj1"-?:i:g.,:.*h" d,:I,":sed aircraft, turn tr,u sanl aircrafr ro a heagins is" r,o* -"' il;;;;#;"";;"'t;.i:"ffiifr. distressed aircraft
is-flying Df, bearings ;;, rhe sAR aircraft has increascd, the interception course shoJrd be increasecJ -r*o twice the an"cunt of the change between the rast beurings if the check reveats that the bearing from the sAR aircraft has decreased, the interception .or^e shourd be decreased twice amount of change between the the frrt t*o Ul.rings by bracketing thg bearings ,, a"roi;", ;"e, an inrerceprion course is determineci, maintaining vLrL'.'!'rrc(J' rrarntarnrng a rine oilonr,unt bearing. of constant bearing.

I r t

ol*I,iT;fl
c

h,linimum Time to Scene Intercept (h4ffsl)

i:"#;#:f

,;:.:iliil:"J'"0,',"oescorrhigher-speed

because of speed differentiar, it o" necessar y forthe sRU aircraft to tuin short of the intercefiio,i point on rhe distressed aircraft track to minimize the timetoicele (provide maximum rescue avairabirity) over the remaining distanct. to be frown D compute the SRU,s maxin D compute rhe rime ro rrunJlT",:iiliting distance D compute the time at which.the sRU shourd turn around (timete tum or TTT ) and atow the distreir"a o when the sRU reaches the,turn-around "ir.rr, to begin ouertating it point, its timeto*cene from rhere ro the distr"ri"a aircrafti should eoua time a",tin.tioll;lh;

r*

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;;; ;"=ii,1lJl,""o, C
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2-48

"' the interception being performe;.-- of the Vpe and the status of o The MTTSI should be used when all of n the distressed aircraft is not, nor the following conditions exist: expected to be, in immediate danger of ditching, .r"ih trnaing, before ir reaches the SRU,s maximum operating distance n the sRU wit depart and return to the same aerodrome that distressed aircraft,s is the. o the sRU's true air speed is less than that of the distressed aircraft

n keep the distressed aircraft informed

;Ii.iirr,

destination