VLSI IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW VARIABLE STEP SIZE METHOD FOR ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL

Abstract

Fig.1 Active Noise Control In ANC systems, there are two different approaches for online secondary path modeling. The first approach, involving the injection of additional random noise into the ANC system, utilizes a system identification method to model the secondary path. The second approach attempts to model it from the output of the ANC controller, thus avoiding the injection of additional random noise into the ANC system. A detailed comparison of these two online modeling approaches , which concludes that the first approach is superior to the second approach on convergence rate, speed of response to changes of primary noise, updating duration, computational complexities, etc. A Feedforward Active Noise Control (ANC) system using FxLMS algorithm comprises two filters; a noise control filter and a secondary path modeling filter. As shown in Fig. 1, the control filter w(z) is adaptive. It generates signal y(n) , to drive the secondary source to produce the secondary canceling signal y(n) . The objective of the modeling filter is to compensate for the secondary path present between the output of the control filter and that of the error microphone. The FxLMS algorithm is fairly robust to the modeling errors between the secondary path and the modeling filter. Silvias method paper introduces two improvements in the ANC system of [3]. 1) Optimal variable step-size parameters are derived for the adaptation algorithms of the secondary path modeling filter and of the control filter. 2) A self-tuning power scheduling for the auxiliary noise is introduced. LMS AND NLMS ALGORITHM The least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm, which is brought forward by Widrow, is widely used in adaptive signal processing for its simplicity, less computation and ease of implementation in terms of hardware. The standard least mean square (LMS) algorithm is one of the mostly popular adaptive algorithms, which has been widely used for system identification, channel equalization,

This paper presents a comparison between Akthars method and proposed method in terms of power and area using Synopsys DC tool. Akthar et al proposed a new method for online secondary path modeling in active noise control systems. In the Akthars method, the ModifiedFxLMS (MFxLMS) algorithm is used in adapting the noise control filter and a new variable step size (VSS) least mean square (LMS) algorithm is proposed for adaptation of the secondary path modeling filter.Silvias method introduces two improvements in the feedforward active noise control system with online secondary path modeling developed by Akhtar, Abe, and Kawamata: 1) optimal variable step-size parameters are derived for the adaptation algorithms of the secondary path modeling filter and of the control filter and 2) a self-tuning power scheduling for the auxiliary noise is introduced.
Introduction Active control is sound field modification, particularly sound field cancellation, by electro acoustical means. In its simplest form, a control system drives a speaker to produce a sound field that is an exact mirror-image the offending sound (the "disturbance"). The speaker thus "cancels" the disturbance, and the net result is no sound at all. Passive techniques work best at middle and high frequencies, and are important to nearly all products in todays increasingly noise-sensitive world. But passive treatments can be bulky and heavy when used for low frequencies.

linear predication, and noise cancellation due to its simplicity and robustness. Recently, many researches have been carried out to improve the tradeoff between the convergence rate and misadjustment. It is known that a large step size may lead to fast convergence but big misadjustment, and a small step-size may provide small misadjustment but slow convergence Using the least-mean-square (LMS) and the normalized LMS (NLMS) algorithms, the adaptive filter usually results in a trade-off between the convergence speed and adaptation precision. Recently, in order to resolve this problem, several variable step size NLMS (VSSNLMS) algorithms that provide faster convergence than the LMS and NLMS have been proposed. VARIABLE STEP SIZE ALGORITHM The variable step size (VSS) adaptive algorithm can be used to avoid the dilemma between convergence rate and mean square error of fix step size (FSS) least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Satisfying the basic requirement of the VSS adaptive algorithm, with the aim to the noising time-vary system, using the error square and error correlation information, VSS algorithm is proposed. The main objective is to minimize the mean square error and increase the step size using variable step size method. The basic idea of the proposed VSS algorithm stems from the fact that the disturbance signal in the desired response of the modeling filter is decreasing in nature, (ideally) converging to zero. This VSS LMS algorithm is different from the normalized-LMS (NLMS) algorithm, where the step size is varied in accordance with the power of the reference signal. Here, on the other hand, the step size is varied in accordance with the power of the disturbance signal in the desired response of the modeling filter. Hence, a small step size is used initially and later its value is increased accordingly. AKTHARS METHOD FOR ONLINE SECONDARY PATH MODELING Consider the structure of the MFxLMS algorithm in the Akhtars method, as shown by dashed box in Fig.2. In the upper path, the reference signal x(n) is first filtered through w(z) and then through s^(z) . In the lower path this situation is exactly reversed. Thus, the adder generating the error signal g(n),is taking two similar inputs

with opposite signs. The third input being driven from the modeling error signal f(n)=[d(n)-y(n)] +[v(n)-v(n)], both the modeling filter and the control filter are effectively updated by using a same error signal.

Fig.2 Akhtars method for ANC systems with online secondary path modeling.

SILVIAS METHOD FOR ONLINE SECONDARY PATH MODELING

In Proposed method two improvements in the feedforward active noise control system with online secondary path modeling developed by Akhtar, Abe, and Kawamata: 1) optimal variable step-size parameters are derived for the adaptation algorithms of the secondary path modeling filter and of the control filter and 2) a self-tuning power scheduling for the auxiliary noise is introduced. The proposed power scheduling is chosen so that in every operating condition a specific ratio between the powers at the error microphone of the auxiliary noise and of the residual noise is achieved.

Fig .3 Proposed method for online secondary path modeling OUTPUT USING MATLAB SIMULINK The below figures explain about the Akthars method using MATLAB

Fig.8 Error Signal OUTPUT USING SYNOPSYS VCS TOOL The below figure explains about the output of the Akthars method for online secondary path modeling using Synopsys Verilog Compiled Simulation tool.

Fig.4 Input Signal

Fig.5 Desired Signal

Fig.9 Functionality verification of Akthars method using Synopsys VCS tool OUTPUT USING SYNOPSYS DC TOOL The following figure explains about the area and Fig.6 Primary Path Response power occupied by the Akthars method using Synopsys Design Compiler tool

Fig.7 Secondary Path Response

Fig.10 Power of the Akthars method using DC tool

Fig.11 Area of the Akthars method using DC tool CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK