Charles Babbage John Backus

George Boole Nikolay Brusentsov Tim Berners-Lee Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn

Bryan Cantrill Alonzo Church

Wesley A. Clark

Edmund M. Clarke Edgar F. Codd Stephen Cook James Cooley Ole-Johan Dahl Edsger Dijkstra J. Presper Eckert

E. Allen Emerson

Designed the Analytical Engine and built a prototype for a less powerful mechanical calculator. Invented FORTRAN (Formula Translation), the first practical high-level programming language, and he formulated the Backus-Naur form that described the formal language syntax. Formalized Boolean algebra, the basis for digital logic and computer science. Built ternary computer Setun. Invented worldwide web. With Robert Cailliau, sent first HTTP communication between client and server. Designed the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), the primary data communication protocols of the Internet and other computer networks. Created the first implementation of dynamic tracing, DTrace, which was previously thought an impossible problem. Founded contributions to theoretical computer science, specifically for the development of the lambda calculus and the discovery of the undecidability problem within it. Designed LINC, the first functional computer scaled down and priced for the individual user. Put in service in 1963, many of its features are seen as prototypes of what were to be essential elements of personal computers. Developed model checking and formal verification of software and hardware together with E. Allen Emerson. Proposed and formalized the relational model of data management, the theoretical basis of relational databases. Formalized the notion of NP-completeness, inspiring a great deal of research in computational complexity theory. With John W. Tukey, created the Fast Fourier Transform. With Kristen Nygaard, invented the proto-object oriented language SIMULA. Made advances in algorithms, Goto considered harmful, the semaphore (programming), rigor, and pedagogy. With John Mauchly, designed and built the ENIAC, the first modern (all electronic, Turingcomplete) computer, and the UNIVAC I, the first commercially available computer. Developed model checking and formal verification of software and hardware together

Douglas Engelbart

Tommy Flowers

Seymour Ginsburg

Kurt Gdel

Lois Haibt

C.A.R. Hoare Grace Hopper

Cuthbert Hurd Kenneth E. Iverson

Jacek Karpinski

Alan Kay

Stephen Cole Kleene

with Edmund M. Clarke. Best known for inventing the computer mouse (in a joint effort with Bill English); as a pioneer of human-computer interaction whose Augment team developed hypertext, networked computers, and precursors to GUIs. Designed and built the Mark 1 and the ten improved Mark 2 Colossus computers, the worlds first programmable, digital, electronic, computing devices. Proved "don't-care" circuit minimization does not necessarily yield optimal results, proved that the ALGOL programming language is context-free (thus linking formal language theory to the problem of compiler writing), and invented AFL Theory. Proved that Peano axiomatized arithmetic could not be both logically consistent and complete in first-order predicate calculus. Church, Kleene, and Turing developed the foundations of computation theory based on corollaries to Gdel's work. Was a member of the ten person team that invented Fortran and among the first women to play a crucial role in the development of computer science. Developed the formal language Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) and Quicksort. Pioneered work on the necessity for high-level programming languages, which she termed automatic programming, and wrote the A-O compiler, which heavily influenced the COBOL language. Helped the International Business Machines Corporation develop its first general-purpose computer, the IBM 701. Assisted in establishing the first graduate course in computer science (at Harvard) and taught that course; invented the APL programming language and made contribution to interactive computing. Developed the first differential analyzer that used transistors, and developed one of the first machine learning algorithms for character and image recognition. Also was the inventor of one of the first minicomputers, the K-202. Pioneered many of the ideas at the root of object-oriented programming languages, led the team that developed Smalltalk, and made fundamental contributions to personal computing. Pioneered work with Alonzo Church on the Lambda Calculus that first laid down the foundations of computation theory.

Donald Knuth Leslie Lamport

Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev Gottfried Leibniz

Ramon Llull

J. C. R. Licklider

Ada Lovelace

John Mauchly

John McCarthy Marvin Minsky Max Newman

John von Neumann Kristen Nygaard Emil L. Post

Wrote The Art of Computer Programming and created TeX. Formulated algorithms to solve many fundamental problems in distributed systems (e.g. the bakery algorithm). Developed the concept of a logical clock, enabling synchronization between distributed entities based on the events through which they communicate. Independently designed the first electronic computer in the Soviet Union, MESM, in Kiev, Ukraine. Made advances in symbolic logic, such as the Calculus ratiocinator, that were heavily influential on Gottlob Frege. Made developments in first-order predicate calculus that were crucial for the theoretical foundations of computer science. Designed multiple symbolic representations machines, and pioneered notions of symbolic representation and manipulation to produce knowledgeboth of which were major influences on Leibniz. Began the investigation of human-computer interaction, leading to many advances in computer interfaces as well as in cybernetics and artificial intelligence. Began the study of scientific computation, analyzing Babbage's work in her Sketch of the Analytical Engine, and was the namesake for the Ada programming language. With J. Presper Eckert, designed and built the ENIAC, the first modern (all electronic, Turingcomplete) computer, and the UNIVAC I, the first commercially available computer. Invented LISP, a functional programming language. Co-founder of Artificial Intelligence Lab at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , author of several texts on AI and philosophy. Instigated the production of the Colossus computers at Bletchley Park. After the war he established the Computing Machine Laboratory at the University of Manchester where the worlds first Stored-program computer, the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine was invented. Devised the von Neumann architecture upon which most modern computers are based. With Ole-Johan Dahl, invented the proto-object oriented language SIMULA. Developed the Post machine as a model of computation, independently of Turing. Known also for developing truth tables, the Post correspondence problem used in recursion

Gerard Salton Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson Claude Shannon Herbert Simon

Ivan Sutherland

John W. Tukey Alan Turing

Maurice Wilkes

Niklaus Wirth Konrad Zuse John Atanasoff

theory as well as proving what is known as Post's theorem. A pioneer of automatic information retrieval, who proposed the vector space model and the inverted index. Pioneered the C programming language and the UNIX computer operating system at Bell Labs. Founded information theory and practical digital circuit design. A political scientist and economist who pioneered artificial intelligence. Co-creator of the Logic Theory Machine and the General Problem Solver programs. Author of Sketchpad, the ancestor of modern computer-aided drafting (CAD) programs and one of the early examples of object-oriented programming. With James Cooley, created the Fast Fourier Transform. Made several founding contributions to computer science, including the Turing machine computational model, and ACE design. Built the first practical stored program computer (EDSAC) to be completed and for being credited with the ideas of several highlevel programming language constructs. Designed the Pascal, Modula-2 and Oberon programming languages. Built the first functional tape-stored-programcontrolled computer, the Z3. The Z3 was proven to be Turing-complete in 1998. Built the first electronic digital computer, the AtanasoffBerry Computer, though it was neither programmable nor Turing-complete.