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+L
Austenita
912
1147 C
Eutectico
+Fe3C
+
Eutectoide
723 C
+Fe3C
0
0,18
1
0,8
2
2,11
4
4,3
6,67 wt % C Fe3C
31/05/2010
Perlita 650 x
TRATAMIENTO TERMICO
Es un ciclo de calentamiento, mantenimiento y enfriamiento controlados para modificar las estructuras y en consecuencia las propiedades asociadas, en los materiales metlicos
TC
mantenimiento
Temple y revenido
T r a t a m i e n t o s Temple superficial Cementacin T r m i c o s
Endurecimiento
Nitrurado Carbonitrurado Solucin y Precipitacin
CURVAS TTT
Possible Transformations
Martensite T Martensite bainite fine pearlite coarse pearlite spheroidite General Trends
Strength
Ductility
Coarse
Martensite
800
Austenite (stable)
T(C)
600
TE
Cementite Ferrite
P
100% pearlite
400
100% bainite B
time (s)
Bainite Microstructure
Bainite consists of acicular (needle-like) ferrite with very small cementite particles dispersed throughout. The carbon content is typically greater than 0.1%. Bainite transforms to iron and cementite with sufficient time and temperature (considered semi-stable below 150C).
10
Martensite Formation
Isothermal Transformation Diagram
800
Austenite (stable)
T(C)
600
TE
400
B
0% 50% 90%
200 10-1
10
103
105
time (s)
single phase body centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal structure BCT if C0 > 0.15 wt% C Diffusionless transformation BCT few slip planes hard, brittle % transformation depends only on T of rapid cooling
An micrograph of austenite that was polished flat and then allowed to transform into martensite. The different colors indicate the displacements caused when martensite forms.
TC 723
ENFRIAMIENTO CONTINUO
Perlita
Austenita
Perlita + Bainita
Ms
Bainita
Mf Martensita
Perlita
t
TC 723
TEMPLE Y REVENIDO
Perlita
Austenita
Perlita + Bainita
Ms
Mf Temple
MARTENSITA
TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS
Precipitation Hardening
The strength and hardness of some metal alloys may be improved by the formation of extremely small, uniformly dispersed particles (precipitates) of a second phase within the original phase matrix. Other alloys that can be precipitation hardened or age hardened:
Copper-beryllium (Cu-Be) Copper-tin (Cu-Sn) Magnesium-aluminum (Mg-Al) Aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) High-strength aluminum alloys
The supersaturated a solid solution is usually heated to an intermediate temperature T2 within the a+b region (diffusion rates increase). The b precipitates (PPT) begin to form as finely dispersed particles. This process is referred to as aging. After aging at T2, the alloy is cooled to room temperature. Strength and hardness of the alloy depend on the ppt temperature (T2) and the aging time at this temperature.
Precipitation Hardening
Particles impede dislocation motion. Ex: Al-Cu system Procedure: -- Pt A: solution heat treat (get a solid solution) -- Pt B: quench to room temp. (retain a solid solution) -- Pt C: reheat to nucleate small q particles within a phase.
Temp. Pt A (solution heat treat)
700
T(C)
600 a A C
a+L
L
q+L a+q
CuAl2
q
500 400
(Al)
300 0 B 10
20
30
40
50
wt% Cu
Pt C (precipitate q) Time
At room temperature the stable state of an aluminum-copper alloy is an aluminum-rich solid solution () and an intermetallic phase with a tetragonal crystal structure having nominal composition CuAl2 ().
Pt B
PPT behavior is represented in the diagram: With increasing time, the hardness increases, reaching a maximum (peak), then decreasing in strength. The reduction in strength and hardness after long periods is overaging (continued particle growth).
Small solute-enriched regions in a solid solution where the lattice is identical or somewhat perturbed from that of the solid solution are called Guinier-Preston zones.