Spectral Gamma Ray Tools

Spectral gamma ray tools provide insight into the mineral composition of formations. The total gamma ray spectra measured is resolved into the three most common components of naturally occurring radiation in sands and shalespotassium, thorium, and uranium (K, Th, and U, respectively). These data are used to distinguish important features of the clay or sand around the wellbore. The clay type can be determined, and sand can be identified as radioactive. The deposition of radioactive salts behind the casing by the movement of water can also be identified.

Applications

Cation exchange capacity studies Reservoir delineation Detailed well-to-well correlation Definition of facies and depositional environment Igneous rock recognition Recognition of other radioactive materials Estimated uranium and potassium potentials Lithologic analysis log input

NGS Natural Gamma Ray Spectrometry tool

The NGS* Natural Gamma Ray Spectrometry tool uses five-window spectroscopy to resolve the total gamma ray spectra into K, Th, and U curves. The standard gamma ray and the gamma ray minus the uranium component are also presented. The computed gamma ray or Th curve can be used to evaluate the clay content where radioactive minerals are present.

Hostile Environment Natural Gamma Ray Sonde

The increased sensitivity of the Hostile Environment Natural Gamma Ray Sonde (HNGS) set of detectors improves the tools statistical response to the formation gamma rays to produce a better spectral analysis than that of previous tools. The improvement in measurement also results from the use of two detectors instead of one. The HNGS can log at a faster speed than other tools that measure the formation natural gamma ray emissions. Its 500C [260C] temperature rating makes it suitable for operations in hot borehole environments.

HNGS

Measurement Specifications NGS Tool Output Logging speed Range of measurement Vertical resolution Accuracy HNGS

Depth of investigation Mud type or weight limitations Combinability

Gamma ray; corrected gamma ray for uranium; potassium, thorium, and uranium curves 1,800 ft/hr [549 m/h] 1,800 ft/hr [549 m/h] 0 to 2,000 gAPI 0 to 2,000 gAPI 8 to 12 in. [20.32 to 30.48 cm] 8 to 12 in. [20.32 to 30.48 cm] K: 0.4% (accuracy), 0.25% (repeatability) K: 0.5% (accuracy), 0.14% (repeatability) Th: 3.2 ppm (accuracy), 1.5 ppm (repeatability) Th: 2% (accuracy), 0.9 ppm (repeatability) U: 2.3 ppm (accuracy), 0.9 ppm (repeatability) U: 2% (accuracy), 0.4 ppm (repeatability) 9.5 in. [24.13 cm] 9.5 in. [24.13 cm] In KCl muds, KCl content must be known In KCl muds, KCl content must be known Combinable with most tools Combinable with most tools

Mechanical Specifications NGS Tool Temperature rating Pressure rating Borehole sizemin. Borehole sizemax. Outer diameter Length Weight Tension Compression 302F [150C] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 412 in. [11.43 cm] No limit NGT-C: 3.625 in. [9.21 cm] NGT-D: 3.875 in. [9.84 cm] 8.6 ft [2.62 m] NGT-C: 165 lbm [75 kg] NGT-D: 189 lbm [86 kg] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] HNGS 500F [260C] 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 434 in. [12.07 cm] No limit 3.75 in. [9.53 cm] 11.7 ft [3.57 m] 276 lbm [125 kg] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 23,000 lbf [102,310 N]

www.slb.com/oilfield
FE_04_039_0 August 2004 Schlumberger *Mark of Schlumberger

Produced by Marketing Communications, Houston.