Major events of 1905 January

January 1 The Trans-Siberian Railway officially opens after its completion on July 21, 1904. January 2 Russo-Japanese War: The Russian Army surrenders at Port Arthur, China. January 5 The play The Scarlet Pimpernel opens at the New Theatre in London and begins a run of 122 performances and numerous revivals. January 22 (January 9 O.S.) The Bloody Sunday massacre of Russian demonstrators, at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, helps trigger the abortive Russian Revolution of 1905. January 26 The Cullinan Diamond is found near Pretoria, South Africa at the Premier Mine.

February

February 12 In Christchurch, New Zealand, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament is opened. February 16 At Haulbowline Base in Ireland, 2 explosions onboard the HM Submarine A5, due to petrol fumes after refueling, kill 6 of 11 crew. February 17 At Fremantle, Western Australia, the R.M.S. Orizaba wrecks, but all 160 passengers and the mail are saved. February 19 Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Mukden begins in Manchuria. February 23 Rotary International is founded.

March

March 3: Nicholas II creates the Duma. March 1 Australian Conservative leader Richard Butler takes office as Premier of South Australia. March 3 Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma). March 4 U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt begins a full term. March 5 Russo-Japanese War: Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden after losing 100,000 troops in 3 days. March 10 o Russo-Japanese War: The Japanese capture of Mukden (now Shenyang) completes the rout of Russian armies in Manchuria. o Cassie Chadwick is sentenced for 14 years in Cleveland, Ohio for fraud. March 12 Yin Shun, Chinese Buddhist master (d. 2005) March 14 Chelsea FC is founded. March 17 Albert Einstein publishes his paper On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light, in which he explains the photoelectric effect using the notion of light quanta. March 20 Grover Shoe Factory disaster: A boiler explosion, building collapse and fire in Brockton, Massachusetts kills 58.

March 31 German Emperor William II asserts German equality with France in Morocco, triggering the Tangier or First Moroccan Crisis.

April

April Albert Einstein works on the special theory of relativity as well as the theory of Brownian motion. April 2 The Simplon Tunnel is officially opened through the Alps. April 4 In India, the 1905 Kangra earthquake hits the Kangra valley, kills 20,000, and destroys most buildings in Kangra, Mcleodganj and Dharamshala. April 6 Lochner v. New York: The Supreme Court of the United States invalidates New York's 8-hour-day law.

May

May 15: Las Vegas, Nevada is founded with auction of 110 acres. May 11 Albert Einstein submits his doctoral dissertation On the Motion of Small Particles..., in which he explains Brownian motion. In the course of the year, Einstein publishes 4 papers, formulates the theory of special relativity and explains the photoelectric effect by quantization. 1905 is regarded as his "miracle year". May 13 Mata Hari debuts in Paris. May 15 The Russian minelayer Amur laid a minefield about 15 miles off Port Arthur and sank Japan's battleship Hatsuse, 15,000 tons, with 496 crew. May 15 Las Vegas, Nevada is founded when 110 acres (0.4 km), in what later becomes downtown, are auctioned off. May 2728 Russo-Japanese War Battle of Tsushima: The Japanese fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo destroys the Russian fleet under Admiral Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski in a 2-day battle. May 11: Einstein submits his dissertation.

June

June 7 The Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved, and Norway achieves full independence. June 9 The Charlton Athletic F.C. is founded. June 15 Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Skne (Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden). June 27 (June 14 according to the Julian calendar): Mutiny breaks out on the Russian ironclad Potemkin. June 29 The Automobile Association was founded in United Kingdom. June 30 Albert Einstein publishes the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies where he reveals his theory of special relativity.

July

July 22 Taft-Katsura Agreement. July 23 Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.

September

September 1 The Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan are established from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories. September 5 Russo-Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth: In New Hampshire, a treaty mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is signed by victor Japan and Russia. Russia cedes the island of Sakhalin and port and rail rights in Manchuria to Japan.

October
October 2: HMS Dreadnought.

October 2 HMS Dreadnought is laid down, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race. October 5 The Wright Brothers' third aeroplane (Wright Flyer III) stays in the air for 39 minutes with Wilbur piloting. This is the first aeroplane flight lasting over 1/2 an hour. October 16 Russian Revolution of 1905: The Russian army opens fire in a meeting on a street market in Estonia, killing 94 and injuring over 200. October 26 Sweden agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway. October 30 Tsar Nicholas II is forced to grant Russia's first constitution, conceding a national assembly (Duma) with limited powers.

November

November 9 The Province of Alberta, Canada holds its first general election. November 18 Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway. November 28 Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Fin in Dublin, as a political party whose goal is independence for all of Ireland.

December

December 30 A bomb kills Frank Steunenberg, ex-governor of Idaho; the case leads to a trial against leaders of the Western Federation of Miners.

Duma
A Duma is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. The State Duma in the Russian Empire and Russian Federation corresponds to the lower house of the parliament. Simply it is a form of Russian governmental institution, which was formed during the reign of the last Tzar, Nicholas II. It is also the term for a council to early Russian rulers 'Boyar Duma', as well as for city councils in Imperial Russia 'Municipal dumas', and city and regional legislative bodies in the Russian Federation.

October manifesto
The October Manifesto, was issued on October 17, 1905 by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia under the influence of Count Sergei Witte as a response to the Russian Revolution of 1905. The official name of the document is The Manifesto on the Improvement of the State Order. The manifesto addressed the unrest in Russia and pledged to grant civil liberties to the people: including personal immunity, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of association; a broad participation in the Duma; introduction of universal male suffrage; and a decree that no law should come into force without the consent of the state Duma. The manifesto was a precursor of the first ever Russian Constitution. The manifesto and the constitution resulted in insignificant democratization as the Tsar continued to exercise veto power over the Duma, which he dissolved and reformed several times.

Fundamental laws may refer to:

Organic law, in particular, o Constitution, in particular, The Russian Constitution of 1906. The German Grundgesetz, more commonly translated as "Basic Law". The four individual laws that together make up the Constitution of Sweden. The Fundamental Laws of England. o The Basic Laws of a country which does not use the term "constitution", or has an uncodified constitution. The fundamental physical laws of the universe