Chapter One What is Psychology

August 30, 2011

1. A theoretical perspective that emphasizes human strengths focusing on such topics as hope, optimism, happiness, and gratitude is called positive psychology. Pg. 8 2. A participant in an experiment is asked to bite into an orange and record all of the conscious feelings they are experiencing. This is typical of the structuralist approach. Pg. 9 3. The method of study known as introspection was central to the school of psychological thought first conceived of by William Wundt. Pg. 9 4. Functionalism probed the function and purpose of the mind and behavior in the individuals adaptation to the environment. Pg. 9 5. A psychologist who studies the impact of the brain and nervous systems on depression is most likely to be associated with the biological approach in psychology. Pg. 11 6. A psychologist interested in studying the impact of for salespeople on the number of sales they made. This kind of psychologist is likely to be associated with the behavioral approach. Pg. 12 7. The approach in psychology that places the strongest emphasis on unconscious conflicts and needs is the psychodynamic approach. Pg. 12 8. The theories of B.F. Skinner are central to behavioral psychology. Pg. 12 9. The humanistic approach is characterized by an emphasis on freedom and the capacity for positive growth. Pg. 12 10. A cognitive psychologist studies memory, attention, and problem solving. Pg. 12 11. A developmental psychologist is interested in studying how people become who they are, from conception to death: particularly concentration on the biological and environmental factors. Pg. 13 12. An industrial/organizational psychologist centers on the workplace both workers and the organization that employs them. Pg. 16 13. The term psychopathology is best described as the study of psychological disorders within clinical psychology. Pg. 16 14. The prevention of mental health problems would be a topic of greatest interest to a community psychologist. Pg. 17 15. A school psychologists primary responsibilitys included the testing of elementary and secondary school students and making recommendations about placement. Pg. 19 16. A researcher who studies how the design of a dormitory building affects interactions between residents is most likely to be an environmental psychologist. Pg. 19 17. People from individualistic cultures are more likely to emphasize their strengths compared to people in collectivistic cultures who take a more self-critical view. Pg. 20 INTERSECTION

Chapter One What is Psychology

August 30, 2011

18. Cultures such as East Asia, Chile, Native American, and Inuit are collectivistic cultures because they emphasize the social group and the roles the individual plays in that larger group and that persons are embedded in the social network and have an interdependent sense of self. Pg. 20 INTERSECTION 19. The United States and Western Europe nations are known as individualistic cultures; as the focus is on individual strengths and people achieve self-esteem from individual success. Pg. 20 INTERSECTION 20. The Science of Psychology and Health and Wellness recognizes that the mind and body intricately related. Pg. 21