SECURE DATA COMMUNICATION

RASHMI RANJAN ROUT

Abstract:

Objective : The idea behind this project is to develop a two way wireless data communication system which will use method of encryption and decryption to secure the data communicated between to PC.

Working: Microcontroller 1 is connected to the PC which sends text data to the microcontroller through UART and in the microcontroller the incoming text data is encrypted using some private algorithm.

At the other side of the encrypted message will be received by the receiver and decrypted using the microcontroller 2 and data is shown on the LCD.

BLOCK DIAGRAM :

Modules in Block Diagram:

1. 2.

ARM LPC2129 Lcd

3. 4. 5.

Keypad Power Supply Rs232

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Block Diagram Explanation: 1. ARM LPC2129:

The LPC2119/2129/2194/2292/2294 is based on a 16/32 bit ARM7TDMI-STM CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, together with 128/256 kilobytes (kB) of embedded high speed flash memory. A 128-bit wide internal memory interface and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb Mode reduces code by more than 30% with minimal performance penalty.

With their compact 64 and 144 pin packages, low power consumption, various 32-bit timers, combination of 4-channel 10-bit ADC and 2/4 advanced CAN channels or 8-channel 10-bit ADC and 2/4 advanced CAN channels (64 and 144 pin packages respectively), and up to 9 external interrupt pins these microcontrollers are particularly suitable for industrial control, medical systems, access control and point-of-sale. Number of available GPIOs goes up to 46 in 64 pin package. In 144 pin packages number of available GPIOs tops 76 (with external memory in use) through 112 (single-chip application). Being equipped wide range of serial communications interfaces, they are also very well suited for communication gateways, protocol converters and embedded soft modems as well as many other general-purpose applications.

FEATURES:
16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a 64 or 144 pin package. 16 kB on-chip Static RAM 128/256 kB on-chip Flash Program Memory (at least 10,000 erate/write cycles

over the whole temperature range). 128-bit wide interface/accelerator enables high speed 60 MHz operation. External 8, 16 or 32-bit bus (144 pin package only) In-System Programming (ISP) and In-Application Programming (IAP) via onchip boot-loader software. Flash programming takes 1 ms per 512 byte line. Single sector or full chip erase takes 400 ms. EmbeddedICE-RT interface enables breakpoints and watch points. Interrupt service routines can continue to execute whilst the foreground task is debugged with the on-chip RealMonitor software. Embedded Trace Macrocell enables non-intrusive high speed real- time tracing of instruction execution. Two/four interconnected CAN interfaces with advanced acceptance filters. Four/eight channel (64/144 pin package) 10-bit A/D converter with conversion time as low as 2.44 ms. Two 32-bit timers (with 4 capture and 4 compare channels), PWM unit (6 outputs), Real Time Clock and Watchdog. Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), Fast I2C (400 kbits/ s) and two SPIs. 60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PhaseLocked Loop. Vectored Interrupt Controller with configurable priorities and vector addresses. Up to forty-six (64 pin) and hundred-twelve (144 pin package) 5 V tolerant general purpose I/O pins. Up to 12 independent external interrupt pins available (EIN and CAP functions). On-chip crystal oscillator with an operating range of 1 MHz to 30 MHz. Two low power modes, Idle and Power-down.

 Processor wake-up from Power-down mode via external interrupt. Individual enable/disable of peripheral functions for power optimization. Dual power supply.

- CPU operating voltage range of 1.65V to 1.95V (1.8V +/- 8.3%). - I/O power supply range of 3.0V to 3.6V (3.3V +/- 10%). APPLICATIONS:
Industrial control Medical systems Access control Point-of-sale Communication gateway Embedded soft modem General purpose applications

2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display):

In recent years the LCD is finding widespread use replacing LEDs(sevensegment LEDs or other multisegment LEDs).This is due to the following reasons.
The declining prices of LCDs. The ability to display numbers, characters, and graphics. This is in

contrast to LEDs, Which are limited to numbers and a few characters. Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, thereby relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD. In contrast, the LED must be refreshed by the CPU (or in some other way) to keep displaying data. Ease of programming for characters and graphics. There are two very important register inside the LCD.The RS pin is used for their selections as follows. If RS=0,the instruction command code register is selected, allowing the user to send a command such as clear display, cursur at home, etc. If RS=1 the data register is selected, allowing the user to send data to be displayed on the LCD.LCD takes +5v Power supply. The LCD is a reflective TN type liquid crystal module with a built-in controller / driver LSI and a display capacity of 16 characters X 2 line. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Block diagram of LCD Pin Assignments

Pin assignments

APPLICATIONS
Personal computers, word processors, telephones, etc.

FEATURES

Wide viewing angle and high contrast. 5X7 dot character matrix with cursor. Displays up to 226 characters and special symbols. Compact and light weight for easy assembly to the host instrument.

3. 4X4 MATRIX KEYPAD:

Keypad are the mostly used input devices of the 8051/52.Keypad is organized in a matrix of rows and columns. The MCU accesses both rows and columns

through ports; therefore, with two 8-ports, an 8X8 matrix of keys can be connected to a microcontroller. When a key is pressed, a row and a column make a contact; otherwise, there is no connection between rows and columns. It is the function of program stored in the EPROM of the microcontroller to scan the keys continuously, identify, which one has been activated. In my project I had used 4X4 Matrix Keypad. This keypad has 4-rows and 4-coloumns.

5. POWER SUPPLY: The power supply section is the important one. It should deliver constant output regulated power supply for successful working of the project. A 0-5V Vcc is used for our purpose; the primary of this power is connected in to main supply through on/off switch & fuse for protecting from overload and short circuit protection. The secondary is connected to the diodes convert from 12V AC to 12V DC voltage, which is further regulated to +5v, by using IC 7805.

Figure : Power Supply Unit Regulator IC (LM 7805)

Figure:Pins of LM7805 The LM7805 monolithic 3-terminal positive voltage regulators employ internal current-limiting, thermal shutdown and safe-area compensation, making them essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1.0A output current. They are intended as fixed voltage regulators in a wide range of applications including local (on-card) regulation for elimination

of noise and distribution problems associated with single-point regulation. In addition to use as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable output voltages and currents. Considerable effort was expended to make the entire series of regulators easy to use and minimize the number of external components. It is not necessary to bypass the output, although this does improve transient response. Input bypassing is needed only if the regulator is located far from the filter capacitor of the power supply.

5. RS-232:
Information being transferred between data processing equipment and peripherals is in the form of digital data which is transmitted in either a serial or parallel mode.Parallel communications are used mainly for connections between test instruments or computers and printers, while serial is often used between computers and other peripherals.Serial transmission involves the sending of data one bit at a time,over a single communications line.In contrast, parallel communications require at least as many lines as there are bits in a word being transmitted (for an 8-bit word, a minimum of 8 lines are needed).Serial transmission is beneficial for long distance communications,whereas parallel is designed for short distances or when very high transmission rates are required.

Standards One of the advantages of a serial system is that it lends itself to transmission over telephone lines.The serial digital data can be converted by modem, placed onto a standard voice-grade telephone line, and converted back to serial digital data at the receiving end of the line by another modem.Officially, RS-232 is defined as the Interface between data terminal

equipment and data communications equipment using serial binary data exchange. This definition defines data terminal equipment (DTE) as the computer, while data communications equipment (DCE) is the modem.A modem cable has pin-to-pin connections, and is designed to connect a DTE device to a DCE device. Interfaces In addition to communications between computer equipment over telephone lines, RS-232 is now widely used for direct connections between data acquisition devices and computer systems. As in the definition of RS-232, the computer is data transmission equipment (DTE). However, many interface products are not data communications equipment (DCE). Null modem cables are designed for this situation; rather than having the pin- to-pin connections of modem cables, null modem cables have different internal wiring to allow DTE devices to communicate with one another. Cabling Options RS-232 cables are commonly available with either 4, 9 or 25-pin wiring. The 25-pin cable connects every pin; the 9-pin cables do not include many of the uncommonly used connections; 4-pin cables provide the bare minimum connections, and have jumpers to provide handshaking for those devices that require it. These jumpers connect pins 4, 5 and 8, and also pins 6 and 20.The advent of the IBM PC AT has created a new wrinkle in RS-232 communications. Rather than having the standard 25-pin connector, this computer and many new expansion boards for PCs feature a 9-pin serial port. To connect this port to a standard 25- pin port, a 9-to-25-pin adaptor cable can be utilized, or the user can create his own cable specifically for that purpose REFERENCES 1. User Manual LPC2129 2.www.atmel.com 3.www.analog.com SOFTWARE REQUIRMENTS COMPILER - KEIL-uV3 LANGUAGE - EMBEDDED_C CONTROLLER - LPC2129