os BO DUC THAI (Téng Chi bién kiém Chi bién) LE TUAN ANH - BO TIEN BAT - NGUYEN SON HA NGUYEN THI PHUONG LOAN ~ PHAM SY NAM ~ PHAM BUC QUANG Se NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOCO BUCTHAI (Téng Chii bién kiém Chu bién) LETUAN ANH - BOTIEN BAT - NGUYEN SON HA NGUYEN TH! PHUONG LOAN ~ PHAM SY NAM ~ PHAM BUC QUANG TAP HAI (Sach dé due 86 truéng BO Gido duc va B40 tao phé duyét staying trong co sé giéo duc phé théng tal Quyét dinh s6 718/QD-BGDBT ngdy 09/02/2021) NHA XUAT BAN BAI HOC SU' PHAM§1. Thu tha, «6 chic, biéu dién, phan tich va xit If di ligu §2. Biéu dd cot kép §3. M6 hinh xéc sudt trong mot s6 trd choi va thi nghiém don gian 14 §4. Xdc suit thye nghiém trong mot s6 trd chi va thi nghiém don gidn Bai tap cudi chung IV §1. Phan s6 v6i tit va mau 18 s6 nguyén §2. So sdnh cde phan 6, Hén s6 duong 3t §3. Phép c6ng, phép trit phan sé 34 §4. Phép nha, phép chia phan s6 40 §5. SO thip phn 44 §6. Phép cOng, phép tri s6 thdp phiin 48 §7. Phép nhan, phép chia s6 thap phan. 52 §8. Ude lugng va lam tron so oy §9. Ti s6. Ti sé phan tram 61 §10. Hai bai todn vé phan sé 67 Bai tp cuéi chuong V ” HOAT DONG THUC HANH VA TRAI NGHIEM Chit dé 2. Chi s6'khdi co thé (BMI), [CHUNG VLHINHHOCHHING 73 §1. Diém. Duding thing 75 §2. Hai dung thing cit nhau, Hai dung thing song song 80 §3. Doan thing 84 §4. Tia 89 §5. Gée 94 Bai tap cui chidng VI 102 HOAT DONG THUC HANH VA TRAI NGHIEM ©. b d bod db * Phan sé Idn hon 0 goi la phan sé dusng. * Phin s@nhé hon O goi la phan so am. 2. Caich so sinh hai phan sé QB sw sinh: 2 va 3. 59 2 a Faia ak Nw ee th Dé so sdnh hai phan sé va , ta lam nhu sau: . 3 BCNN(S, 9) = 45; Bude 1. Quy déng mau hai phan s@ da cho (vé |* 45:5 =9;45:9=5; cing mot miu dusng) |, 2 _-2_ (-2).9_-18 . -5_(-5).5_ -25 — va = = : -5S 5 5.9 45 9 9.5 45 Bue 2. So sénh tit cita |Ta c6: — 18 > — 25. céic phan sO: Phan sO nao | v7. c6 tit 1dn hon thi Ién honVidu 1) So sénh: 6 6.7 Do-35>—- 36 nén —25 > 36. Vay __ . 42 42 a Il. HON S6 DUONG ep a) Tim thuong va sé du trong phép chia 7 cho 4. b) Viét phan so i dudi dang tng ciia mét s6 nguyén dung va mot phan s6 bé hon 1. , ‘Se “ B duge goi la mot hn sd; doc la: m6t ba phan tw. Foe con dupe viet a 13. 4° °°4 4 Vidu 2) Viét phin sé g dul6i dang hin sé. Gidi. Ta 06: 21 S.441_ a @Vidu 3) & fae axa 3, diach cukwak Viét_méi phin s6 Viet hn s6 2= than phan s6 eC ee 14, 22 Gidi, Ta c6: = g3943_ 10+3 _13 b) Viet méi_hén sé sau 55 5 5° thanh phan sé: 23, gs 46 2-12 12 ie IT » Ban Ha thé hién thdi gian trong ngay cia minh nhu hinh vé bén. <@ Net tt. -2 -12 -12 -12 ©)§3. PHEP CONG, PHEP TRU PHAN SO ta Binh Dung bao phi kho’ng ~ roe mit Trai = Dai Tay Duiéng a phit khoing — re mit Trai Dat, nhiéu phan bé matt Trai Bat? Thai Binh Duong bao phii \ Thai Binh Duong va Dai Tay Duong bao phii khodng bao nhiéu hon Dai Tay Duong bao nhiéu phan bé matt Trai Dat? —=——" IS 1. PHEP CONG PHAN SO 1. Quy tc céng hai phan sé tiéu hoe, ta da bit cong hai phan s6 c6 cing mat q Chinghen; 143-143 Uw ; 3°55 °~=«=5 Muén cong hai phan sé Céich lam dé van diing khi cOng hai phan s6c6 cing mau _¢6 cing mau, ta eng cde ma tif va mau 1a sO nguyén. tr va git, reyes eo Ching han; 4 4 3 = CD+3 2 aaa . as 6 SUS QED tinh: — += 9° = us Dé tinh téng cdc phan sé khdng cing mau i + 6 ta thung lam nhu sau: Bude 1. Quy déng mau hai phan sé Cu thé 1a: . —9 9 *18:9=2;18:6=3; . tL _Giy.2_-2, 5 _5).3_-15 6.3 18 ; BCNN(9, 6) = 18; 9.2, 18Bude 2. Cong céc tit va gid’ nguyén miu chung —S_ Ce+t my -# 18 18 18 us _-37 AL 2. Vidu 1) Tinh: 2 a) =+ as Gidi _(5).4 | ©3).3_ 20-9 (20) +9) _ = 29 6.4 8.3 24 24 24 24° inh chat cua phép cOng phan sé QD Hy néu céc tinh chit cha phép cOng 86 ty nhién, Giéng nhu phép cong s6 tit nhién, phép cong phan s6 cing ¢6 cdc tinh chat: giao hodn, két hgp, cOng véi s6 0. Vi du 2) Tinh mét cdch hgp If: & 3-3, 10 WE Tinh moe céch hgp + ee -5 4 7 _3 10, -3 BE ggg 7°23 13 7° 7 310 =|>+—)+ (2 it) (5 7 3410, —3)+(-4) 13 7 =14+(C1=0.Il, PHEP TRU PHAN SO 1. S6 d6i ca mét phan sé Gidng nhu s6 nguyén, méi phan sé déu c6 s6 Adi sao cho téng ctia hai s6 46 bing 0. put a a -a *Tacé:- — = — =—— b -b b via, b € Z, b#0. + 86 di cua —4 1a 4, bb te 1a -(- 4) = B Vidu 3) Tim s6 ai cita méi phan s6 sau: 3 va Gidi S6 A6i cita phan sé S6 déi cia phan s6 2. Quy tac trit hai phan sé tiéu hoe, ta da biét tit hai phan sé c6 cing mau. A Chinghgn: 4-2=4=3 ay Muén trit hai phan s6 6 53 5 S cing mau, ta tif tit cla Céch am d6 van ding khi trit hai phan s6 ¢6 cing miuma —_ $6 tritcho tlh cla s6 tit tit va mau Ia sO nguyén. va gi nguyén mau: , -1_3_C)-3_-4 Ching han: = - == 2S. ing han: =~ 5 QD Tin: 3-4 -6 r é tinh higu hai phan s6 khong cing miu s - Z ta thuding lam nhu sau: Bude 1. Quy déng mau hai phan s6 Cu thé la: BCNN(9, 6) = 18: + 18:9 =2; 18:6=3; , 13,_(13).2_-26 7 = — va -2 9.2 18 @ -7).3_-21 3 18°Bude 2. Trit tit cia s6 bi trit cho tit cia s6 trit va git? nguyén mau chung 26 -21_(~26)-(-21)_-5 Tac6; > = = A , 18 18 18 18 13 5 vep LS, 96 Ts Nhdn xét: Mu6n trit hai phan s6 khong cing mau, ta quy déng mau nhiing phin s6 d6 16 trit tit cla s6 bj trit cho tit cia s6 trit va git? nguyén mau chung. Vidu 4) Tinh: we Tinh: =a =10 10° 7.3 _=20_=21_ (-20)-(-2)_ 1 8.3 24-24 24 24° ; 5 e Vi ‘nh: a = Vid 5) Tinh: -12° ees Gidi 12 20 255 5 _(2).4, 5.3 -8 15 _(©8)+15_ 7 - + = = -9 -12 9 12 9.4 12.3 36 36 36 36 Ill. QUY TAC DAU NGOAC Quy tée dau ngoiic déi véi phan s6 gidng nhu quy tic diu go d6i véi sé nguyen. (AS Tinh mot céch hop te Vi du 6) Tinh mot céch hgp Ii: a = (3 5} 4 (-1_ 19 -24 (-7 1 a) + ee He =| 13 17 (17 16Giai 14 (-1_19)_ 14-1 19_(14,-1)_ 19 19 1 a 4/2 )e Sy a) Sy | a 1- Sa. 13° (13° 20) 13° 13 20 (43 13) 20 20 20 =24 (=7_1)_=24 -7,1_©%)-CD, -15 - - = - + = i: ea (FZ is) 7 17 16 | 7 == D+F 16 2. Tinh mot cach hop li: 2 3-7 -ll_ 2oya -5 12,13, 2 a) =+ + b) +245 c) +t t+ 9 10 10 6 oO 8 7 8 7 3. Tim s6 déi cita mdi phan sO sau: 2, 28, Bis, 25° 27’ 31 4. Tinh: 55 2 5 IP) 1 (5 1 a at b, Baal an laa gal 16” 24 Ti (= il ? 0 (215 5. Tinh mét céch hgp It: 271106 -5 122_-7, 12 525,12 -6 - 4+, -— +5; - ; % 3 ini 119 “19 O73 6. Tim x, biét: 5 1 a)x-l=s; Meo 7. Mot xi nghiép trong thang Giéng dat 2 ké hoach cia Quy I, thang Hai dat z kéhoach cita Quy I. Théng Ba xi nghiép phai dat chic bao nhiéu phéin ké hoach cita Quy’ I? 8. Bon t6 ciia ite 6A déng g6p sich cho w6e thu vign nhu sau: 161 26p 5 1 S65 séich cita lp, ton 26? 35 sé sdch ctia 16p, t6 HL 207 5 1 sf sacteote ldp, 6 IV gop sinba sdch con lai. TOIV da i bao nhiéu phan s6 séch cita nagae ae — a Biéu dién phan sé trén truc sé nam ngang 1. Tuong ty nhu déi vi cdc sé nguyén, ta c6 thé biéu dién moi phan sé trén tryc sé. Chang han, 3 hai phan sé —2 va 1 duge bigu dién trén truc s6 n&m ngang nhu sau: ae z trén truc s6 nam ngang, ta thay hai diém 2. Quan sat diém biéu dién cdia hai phan sé z va biéu dién ching cach déu diém géc 0: Trén truc sé, phan sé va s6 déi cia phan s6 dé cé diém biéu dién nm vé hai phia cla géc 0 va cach déu géc 0. 3. Ta biét = < : Quan sat diém biéu dién cilia hai phan sé a va + tren true s6 nim ngang, ta thay diém biéu dién phan sé nam bén trai diém biéu dién phan sé Trén truc sé n&m ngang, néu diém biéu dién phan sé a nam bén trai diém biéu dién phan s6 © (hay diém biéu dién phan s6 © nam bén phai diém biéu dién phan s6 2) thita c6 phan sé . nhé hon phan sé (hay phan sé 5 Ién hon phan sé by: —1d) + a c b ds 4. Quan sat diém biéu dién cia cdc phan s6 i. S § tren tryc s6 nm ngang: g Ta suy ra: néu 2<£ va ££ bd dgS4. PHEP NHAN, PHEP CHIA PHAN SO Gu nude duge nha sinh vat hoc ngudsi Y L. Span-lan-gia-ni (L. Spallanzani) dit tén 1a Tac-di-gra-da (Tardigrada) vao nim 1776. Mot . 1 - Hinh dnh gdu nudc da phong to con géu nude dai khoang zm. Mét con galu duc (Anh: 3Dstock) Z 5 Bic Cyc trating thinh dai khong =m. 2? Chiéu dai con gdu duc Bée Cute truéng thanh gdp bao nhiéu lin chiéu dai con gdu nutoc? ~ Hinh dnh gdiu Bélc Cue (Anh: Vaclay Sebek) |. PHEP NHAN PHAN SO 1. Quy tc nhan hai phan sé QED 6 tiéu hoe, ta da biét nhan hai phan sé c6 ti va mau fa s6 tw nhién, Ching nga: 21. 3. 91-3 278 24 2.4 8 Céch lam 46 van diing khi nhan hai phan s6'c6 tit va mau Ia sO nguyén. =, 4_(-6).4_-24 7 Fal 35 Ching han: — Vidu 1) Tinh tich va viét két qua 6 dang phan sé t6i gidn: pot » 8.3 5 7 9-4 1 Tinh tich va viet két qua 6 dang phan s6 t6i gin: -9 25 eee 10 12 = 24 (24) (612) _2 » (-3).-=. —36 (—36):(-12) 3° 8) 5Chi Muén nhan mot s@ nguyén v6i mot phan s6 (hoe nhdn mot phan sO voi mot s6 nguyén), ta nhan s6 nguyén v6i tit cita phan s6 va gitt nguyén mau cita phan sé a6: maa _a.n mt voi b +0. Vidu 2) Tinh: oe ie Tinh tich va viet két qua a) 4- ©5). ). 6 dang phan s6 tdi gin: 9 (5) Gidi ae 4 CDF C923 een D.(-9) _ 63 oa. (-9)= Cn. in MW 2. Tinh chat cia phép nhan phan sé QW hy néu csc tinh chit cia phép nhan s6 tw nhién, Ging nhu phép nhan s6 wf nhién, phép nhan phan s6 cing c6 cde tinh chit: giao hodn, két hgp, nhan véi sO 1, phan phéi cia phép nhan d0i véi phép cOng va phép tri. Vidu 3) Tinh mot cach hgp li: 5-259 w% Tinh mét cach hop li: (#-3) Il. PHEP CHIA PHAN SO : 3 QWD Vie phan s6 c6 wr va mau Kin lugt 1a mau va tit eda phan so >Vidu 4) Tim phan s6 nghich do ciia méi phan sé sau: A 7 _ 2 Tich cia mét phan sé véi aa b) = c) —. phan s6 nghich dao cia né 3 2 =i thi bing 1. Gidi 7 23 a) Phan s6 nghich dio ciia phan s6 = 1a phan so =. . Tim phan s6 nghich dao i AT « 9 by Phan s6 nghich dio etia phan s —~ Ia phan sé —- ce ee phan so a =1 c) Phin sé nghich dao cita phan s6 6 Ta phn sé > @p 6 tiéu hoe, ta da biét cdch chia hai phan sé c6 tit va mau 1A sé ty nhién. Ching han: 8; 38.2 _ 16, 392.33 9 Céch lam dé vin ding khi chia hai phan s6 c6 tit va mau 1d s@ nguyén. -7,5 _-7-3_ “5 20° Chang han: Vidu 5) Tinh thuong va viét két qua 6 dang phan s6 ti gian: = a5 Gidi 10 10:(-2) =12 (12):(-2) 6° q Ud The ty thye hign cdc phép tinh v6i phan s6 (tro biéu thite khéng chia ngolic hoiic cé chita déu ngotic) cling gidng nhv thit tu thye hién cée phép tinh v6i sé nguyén.UBD 1. Tinh tich va viét két qua 6 dang phan s6 ti gian: 5) -6 2 -5).2§, Baas b) :) # os 2. Tim sé thich hgp cho |? 2 2 31 3°95 YS Ta] 4 3. Tim phn sO nghich dio ciia mdi phan s6 sau: -9 21 1 5 arey c) >: 9 3 9X5 4, Tinh thing va viet két qua 6 dang phan s6 t6i gin: 3-2 7 5 -9 a b) | Sag: | — 24); —15):——, 03 »( 4) ( 3) OEM) ag 5. Tim sé thich hgp cho 3 2 ]_3 ity— an -t ?| -4 -3 et =5, y pede rhs e3 6 89 5] 1s 2 9 16 6. Tim x, biét: 4 2.1 a)Sex- Ses 7°35 7. Tinh: 28 1 (3 69 5 } -51 ee ee : 8. Chim rudi ong hién 1a loai chim bé nhd nhat trén Trdi Dat v6i chiéu dai chi khoang 5 em. Chim rudi “khéng 16” 6 Nam Mg 1a thanh vién Ién nhat cia a ite ah Ast ei Lae gia dink chim rudi trén thé gidi, né dai gap <> Min chim rudi ong. Tinh chiéu dai cita chim rudi “khéng 16” Chim rudi “khéng 16” 6 Nam Mf. (Anh: Carlos M. Werner) ®§5. $6 THAP PHAN Bantin Vietnamnetngay 24/01/2016 viet: “Lic 6 gid’ sng nay, theo ghi nhén cia co quan khi tugng, nhiét dO qi hang logt khu vuc mién ni dd xudng dudi 0 °C niu: Mau Son (Lang Son) la - 4 °C, Sa Pa (Lao Cai) la — 2 °C, Tam Déo (Vinh Phiic) la —0,4°C va Déng Vain (Ha Giang) la -0,2°C. Tai céc tinh dong bang, nhiét do ciing déng loat ha xudng dudiT°C, trong d6 tai Ha Déng (Ha Noi) la 6,5 °C, Hdi Phong la 5,4 °C, Béic Giang gidm con 5,6 °C, ...” QP | Nhitng s6- 0,4; - 0,2 ¢6 phdi la cc 86 thap phan khong? Oe 0,2; 6,5; 5,4; 5,6, s6 nao lon nhdt? a x =~ 1. SO THAP PHAN id , - 335-125, -2799 ; ok QED Viet céc phan s6 Tao Tone? TOO ooo ld! dang s6 thap phan va doe ede s6 thap phan d6 theo mau. Méu: as =~ 1,9 va duge dgc 1a: 4m m6t phdy chin. Vidu 1) Viét cdc phan s6 va hn s6 sau duéi dang s6 thap phan: -19 -8 1 1 — 25 100° 125Gidi -19 —— =- 0,19; ig Viét cic phan sé va 100 hon s6 sau dudi dang sO nt C8 84 | poe, thap phan: 125 125.8 1000 =I—_5 2 115) =5_ 9s, 1000° 8°” 25 =2 ©2.C5) 10 sas + = 5,04, 25” 100 Vidu 2) a) Chai nuéc khodng ciia ban An c6 dung tich ghi trén tem nhiin 1 750 ml. Dung tich cla chai nude d6 1A bao nhiéu lit? Viét két qua d6 dudi dang s6 thap phan va phan s6 t6i gin. b) Viét cdc s6 thap phan sau dudi dang phan s6 téi gidn: 12,5; — 0,008; - 3,45. Gidi ‘ 7 _3 é . . % 3 a) 750 ml = 0,75 Iva 0,75 = “= =. Dung tic cia chai nude 180,75 Fhay = 1 by 12,52225.-25 & "10 2" \2 Viet cae s6 thap phan 8 1 sau dudi dang phan sé - 0,008 = - ——_ = -__, (i gidn: 5 om sa = 0,125: ),012; — 4,005. ee 100 20 Il. SO SANH CAC SO THAP PHAN 1. So sénh hai sé thap phan Ciing nhut sO nguyén, trong hai s6 thap phfin khéc nhau ludn e6 mot s6 nhé hon sé kia, + Néu s6 thip phan a nhé hon s6 thap phan b thi ta viét a a. * S6 thip phan Idn hon 0 goi Ia s6 thap phan ducng. + S6 thip phan nhé hon 0 goi 1a s6 thap phan am. *Néuacbvab 6 nén 895,169 > 895,166. Vidu 4) Trong mot cudc thi chay 100 m danh cho hoe sinh, ban t6 chic quy dinh xép hang cho ngui chay 100 m trong thdi gian ¢ (gidy) nhut sau: ‘Thdi gian (gidy) ts 15 IS17 Hang A B G Bén ban 6 két qua chay 100 m nhu sau: Hoe sinh Huynh = Manh Phuong Quang ‘Théi gian (gify) 15,5 16,7 14,8 17,1 Hay xép hang két qua cia bOn ban d6.Giéi Do 14< 15<16< 17 nén 14,8 < 15; 15 < 15,5 < 17; 15 < 16,7 < 17; 17,1 >17. Déi chigu véi quy dinh xép hang, ta ¢6 bang xép hang nhu sau: Hoe sinh Huynh | Manh | Phuong Quang | Hang B B A c c) So séinh hai s6 thap phan am QW Neu cach so sinh hai s6 nguyén am. Céch so séinh hai s6 thap phiin 4m duige thuc hign nhu céch so sinh hai s6 nguyén am. Vidu 5) So sinh: a) - 12,19 va- 14,11; b)— 11,01 va- 10,99. am 3 Viet cdc sO sau theo tht a) Do 12,19 < 14,11 nén ~ 12,19 >— 14,11. ty gidm dan: b) Do 11,01 > 10,99 nén — 11,01 <— 10,99, eas 36,1; — 120,34, TNR S 1. Viet cée phan s6 va hn s6 sau dut6i dang s6 thap phan: — =12, =16, 54 - Vigt cde phan sO va hin s6 sau du6i dang s6 thap phan: 3 S=3 Soqt55e- 2. Viet cdc s6 thp phan sau duéi dang phan s6 t6i gidn: — 0,225; — 0,033. 3. Viét cdc s6 sau theo thi ty tang dan: a) 7,012; 7,102; 7,01; b) 73,059; — 49,037; — 49,307. 4, Viét cdc s6 sau theo thi ty giam dan: a) 9,099; 9,009; 9,090; 9,990; 3 — 6,027; — 6,277. 5. Trong mot cudc thi chay 200 m, cé ba van dOng vién dat thanh tich cao nhi Mai Anh: 31,42 gidy; Ngoc Mai: 31,48 giay; Phuong Ha: 31,09 gidy. Van dong vien nao da vé nat? Vé ni? Vé ba? @SG. PHEP CONG, PHEP TRU SO THAP PHAN Ban tin SEA Games 30, ngay 08/12/2019 viét: “Chiéu 08/12, vain dong vién Lé Tit Chinh da xudt sée gidnh tdim Huy chuong Vang dién kinh ndi dung chay 100 m nit tai SEA Games 30 sau khi bit we ngogn muc, chién théing a6i thi Kristina Marie Knott—chan chay ngudi M3 nhdp qudc tich Philippines. Thanh tich cia Lé Ti Chinh la 11,54 gidy va ciia Kristina Marie Knott Ia 11,55 gidy”. 9 O phdn thi chung két, van dong vién Lé Tit Chinh d@ chay nhanh hon van dong vién Cris-ti-na Ma-ri Co-nét (Kristina Marie Knott) bao nhiéu gidy? 1. $6 D6I CUA S6 THAP PHAN Gidng nhu sé nguyén, méi sé thap phn déu c6 sé ddi, sao cho téng cita hai s6 d6 bing 0. a S6 d6i cia sé thap phan ~ala, tiie A-(-a) =a. Vidu 1 wean? Ng Tim s6 a6i cha mét 6 Tim s6 d6i cia méi s6 sau: 3,15; - 2,97. sau: Gidi 12,49;— 10,25. $6 d6i cita 3,15 1a - 3,15. $6 d6i cita — 2,97 18.2,97. ll. PHEP CONG, PHEP TRU SO THAP PHAN QED pat tinh di tinh: a) 32,475 + 9,681; b) 309,48 — 125,23.Ta thudng dat tinh réi tinh nhu sau: a) 32,475 * 9681 42,156 Vay 32,475 + 9,681 = 42,156. 184,25, Vay 309,48 — 125,23 = 184,25. Nhu vay dé cong, trit hai s6 th4p phan dung, ta am nhu sau: Bude 1. Vidt sO nay 6 dudi s6 kia sao cho cde chit s6 6 cing hang dat thing cOt véi nhau, déu",” dat thing c6t voi nhau Buc 2. Thuic hign phép cOng, tri nhu phép cOng, trit cdc s6 ty nhién Bude 3. Vit dau *,” & két qua thing cOt vdi cdc dau “,” di viet 6 trén. 1. Cong hai so thap phan Dew quy th Quy tic céng hai sO thap phan (cing dau ho’c khdc dau) dude thuc hién gidng quy tic cong hai sO nguyén. Vidu 2) Tinh tong: a) 12,4) + (- 9,6); b) 21,36 + (- 11,16). cOng hai s6 nguyén cing dau; khaic dau. Gidi a) (— 12,4) + (— 9,6) = - (12,4 + 9,6) = - 22. b) 21,36 + (— 11,16) = 21,36 — 11,16 = 10,2. Ve Tinh tong: (— 16,5) + 1,5. GBD Neu tinh chat cita phép cong sd nguyén. Gidng nhu phép cng s6 nguyén, phép cong s6 thap phin cing c6 céc tinh chat: giao hon, két hop, cong véi s6 0, cong véi s6 déi. Vidu 3) Tinh mot cach hgp It: we ‘Tinh mot eéch hyp It 98,246 + (— 76.41) + 1,754. 89,45 + (—3,28) +0,55 + (6,72). Giéi 98,246 + (~ 76,41) + 1,754 = (— 76,41) + (98,246 + 1,754) =(- 7641) + 100 = 100 = 76,41 = 23,59.2. Trit hai sé thap phan Ciing nhu phép trit sé nguyén, a tri hai sO thap phan ta cOng s6 bi tri vai s6 Ai cita s6 tri. Vidu 4) Tinh higu: 4 a) 6.25 — 11,12; 4 Tinh higu: (- 14,25) - (9,2). b) (- 10,43) — (- 14,18). Gidi a) 6,25 — 11,12 = 6,25 + (— 11,12) =— (11,12 - 6,25) = - 4,87. b) (— 10,43) — (— 14,18) = (— 10,43) + 14,18 = 14,18 — 10,43 = 3,75. Ill, QUY TAC DAU NGOAC QED nly néu quy the dau ngoxe déi v6i sé nguyén. Quy tic dau ngoxe d6i voi sO thap phan giéng nhu quy tic dau ngoxie d6i voi sO nguyen. Vidu 5) Tinh mot cach hgp li: 4 a) 509,315 + (99,5 — 9,315); ae ‘Tinh mot cach hop If: Me seaay tonearm 19,32 + 10,68 — 8,63 — 11,37. Giai a) 509,315 + (99,5 — 9,315) = 509,315 + 99,5 - 9,315 = 99,5 + 509,315 —9,315 = 99,5 + (509,315 — 9,315) = 99,5 +500 =599,5, b) (~ 302,39) — (97.61 — 99,4) = (- 302,39) — 97,61 +99,4 = — (302,39 + 97,61) + 99,4 =~ 400 +994 = 300,6. @1. Tinh: a) 324,82 + 312,25; b) (— 12,07) + (—5,79); c) (— 41,29) — 15,34; d) (— 22,65) — (- 1,12). 2. Tinh mét cdch hgp li: a) 29,42 + 20,58 — 34,23 + (— 25,77); bb) © 212,49) — (87,51 — 99,9). 3. Ban Nam cao 1,57 m, ban Linh cao 1,53 m, ban Loan cao 1,49 m. a) Trong ba ban d6, ban nio cao nhat? Ban ndo thép nhit? b) Chidu cao cita ban cao nhit hon ban thap nhit 1 bao nhigu mét? 4, Bac Déng cua ba thanh g6: thanh thi nat dai 1,85 m, thanh thi hai dai hon thanh thit nhat 10 cm. D6 dai thanh g6 thi ba ngain hon téng d6 dai hai thanh g6 dau tién 1a 1,35 m. Thanh g6 thd ba ma bic Déng da cula dai bao nhiu mét? 5. Tinh chu vi cia méi hinh sau: a) b) 2.5m Balter 3,75 em 3,16.cm 3,16 em 3,6cm 4,15 cm) a Sit dung mdy tinh cdm tay iit dau phy ng’in céch phan s6 nguyén va phan thap phan: ( , ) Phép tinh Nat an Két qua 27.0348 (DAIOOOHTOSHS | x2 8179-1729 OR) DIMI SVAI AACE) -98079 Chi ¥: 6 mot s6 méy tinh cm tay, nit dau phdy ngiin céch phin sO nguyén va phan thaip phan cn ¢6 dang | . |. Ding may tinh cam tay dé tinh: 16,293 + (- 5,973); (— 35,78) — (~ 18,423). ®S7. PHEP NHAN, PHEP CHIA SO THAP PHAN Inch (doe 1a in-so, ki higu Ja in) 1a tén céia mot don vi do dO dai: 1 in = 2,54 em. MOt chiée ti vi man hinh phiing c6 49 dai dudng chéo 1a 52 in. 2 D6 dai dudng chéo celia man hink ti vi la bao nhiéu mét? 1. PHEP NHAN SO THAP PHAN 1. Nhan hai sé thap phan ep Ta thung dat tinh réi tinh nhu sau: tinh dé tinh tich 5,285 . 7,21. wea iat 5285 10570 36995 3810485 Vay 5,285 . 7,21 = 38,10485. Nhu vay dé nhan hai s6 thép phan duidng, ta im nhut sau: Bude 1, Vid thita sO nay 6 dudi thita s6 kia nhu d6i vdi phép nhan céc s6 ty nhién Bude 2. Thy hign phép nhan nhut nhan céc s6 ty nhién han cla ca hai thifa sG 6 bao nhiéu chit s6 rdi ding chit s6 ké tit phai sang trai, ta nhn duge tich can tim. Buc 3. ém xem trong phan tha dau,” tach 6 tich ra bay nhi QHD Neu guy téc nhan hai sO nguyén cing dau; khée dau. Quy tic nhan hai s6 thap tée nhan hai sé nguyén. @ phan (cing du ho%e khée dau) duge thye hién gidng nhu quyVidu 1) Tinh tich: w Tinh tich: a) (~ 9,207) . (- 3.8); ©) 815 .( 426); b) (— 9,27) . 4,8. b) 19,427 . 1,8. Giai a) (— 9,207) . (— 3,8) = 9,207 . 3,8 = 34,9866. b) (- 9,27) . 4,8 = — (9,27 . 4,8) = - 44,496, 2. Tinh chat cia phép nhan sé thap phan CRED iy néu céc tinh chat cia phép nhan s6 nguyén. Ging nhu phép nhan s6 nguyén, phép nhan s6 thap phan ciing c6 cfc tinh chat: giao hodn, két hgp, nhin véi sé 1, phin phéi cia phép nhfn di vi phép cOng va phép tril. Vi du 2) Tinh mot céch hgp Ii: a) 0,75. 8; v7 Tinh m6t céch hgp li: b) 7,63 . 21,15 + 7,63 . (- 121,15). a) 0,25 . 125 b)0,125 . 14.36. Gidi a) 0,75.8=3.0,25.4.2 = (0,25 . 4). (3. 2) =1.6 =6. b) 7,63 . 21,15 + 7,63 . (— 121,15) = 7,63 . [21,15 + © 121,15)] = 7,63 . [= (121,15 - 21,15)] = 7,63 . (- 100) =~ (7,63. 100) =-763 Il. PHEP CHIA SO THAP PHAN @p Dit tinh dé tinh thuong: 247,68 : 144. Ta thuong dit tinh réi tinh nhu sau:* Ly 247 chia cho 144 duge 1, viét 1; 247,68 (144 Lay 1 nhan véi 144 duge 144; 1036 | 1,72 Lay 247 trit di 144 dutge 103, viet 103. 2 . Vay 247,68 : 144 = 1,72. © Viét dau “,” vao bén phai s6 1. * Ha chit s6 6, duge 1 036; iy 1 036 chia cho 144 duge 7, viét 7; Lay 7 nhan véi 144 duge 1 008; Lay 1 036 trit di 1 008 duge 28, viét 28. + Ha chit s6 8 duge 288; Lay 288 chia cho 144 duge 2, viét 2: Lay 2 nhan véi 144 duge 288; Lay 288 trit di 288 duge 0, viét 0. QD ditt tinh aé tinh thuong: 311,01 : 0,3. Ta thuSng dat tinh réi tinh nhu sau: * SO chia c6 mot chit s6 sau du “," nén ta chuyén 3110.1 [03 dau “,” 6 Obj chia sang bén phai mot chit s ul rer 311,01 > 31101. 20 * Bo dau “," 5 s6 chia: 21 033, 0 * Thyc hién phép chia 3110,1 : 3. Vay 311,01 : 0,3 = 1036,7. Nhu vay dé chia hai s6th4p phan dudng, ta Jam nhut sau: Bude 1. S6 chia c6 bao nhiéu chit s6 sau dau “,” thi ta chuyén dau “,” 6 s6bi chia sang bén phai bay nhiéu chit sO (néu s@ bi chia khong dit vi tri dé chuyén dau “,” thi ta dién thém nhiing chit s6 0 vao bén phai ctia sO d6) Buc 2. Bo di du” & , ta nhfin duge s nguyén dung Bude 3. Dem s6 nhfn dugc & Bude 1 chia cho s6 nguyén dung nhan duige 3 Bude 2, ta c6 thuéng cain fim.Vi du 3) Dat tinh dé tinh thuong: a) 8,446 : 4,12; b) 5,4 : 0,027. Gi a) 84,6 ne by 5,400 to 20 60! 2,05 i 000 | 200 0 \ Vay 8.446 : 4,12 = 2,08. | Vay 5,4 :0,027 = 200. QD New quy téc chia hai sSnguyén cing dau; khac déu trong trading hyp phép chia het. Quy tie chia hai sé th4p phan (cing dau hodic khac dau) duge thyc hign gidng nhut quy tie chia hai s6 nguyén. 7 ‘i . % ‘Tinh thong: Vidu 4) Tinh thuong: 8) (1701): € 12,15): a) (— 8,446) : (4,12); b) © 15,175) : 12,14. b) (5.4) : 0,027. 4 Gidi Tht ty thue hién cdc phép tinh vi sé thap a) (— 8,446) : (— 4,12) = 8,446 : 4,12 = 2.05. phan (trong biéu thitc Kh6ng chita diu ngoiic hodc cé chita déu ngo&c) cing giéng nhu tht ty thyc hién céc phép tinh cy UR Uy vi sO nguyén, b) (— 5,4) : 0,027 = — (5,4 : 0,027) = - 200. 1. Tinh: a) 200 . 0,8: b) (-0,5) .(- 0.7); ©) (0,8) . 0,006; d)(- 04). (0,5) .(- 0.2). 2. Cho 23 . 456 = 10 488. Tinh nhdim: a) 2,3 456; b) 2,3 .45,6; ©) (- 2,3). (- 4,56); d) (— 2,3). 45 600. 3. Tinh: a) 46,827 : 9 b) (— 72,39) : 19); c) (— 882) : 3,6; d) 10,88 : (- 0,17). ®Cho 182: 13 = 14, Tinh nhim: a) 182: 1,3; b) 18,2: 13. 4, 5. Mot cin phong c6 dang hinh hép chi nhat véi chigu dai 4,2 m, chiéu rong 3,5 m va chiéu cao 3,2 m, Ngudi ta muén son lai tran nha va bén bite tung bén trong phong. Biét ring tng dign tich cdc cita 1a 5,4 m?, a) Tinh dién tich cn sun lai. b) Gid tign cong son lai tung va tran nha du 1a 12 000 déng/m?. Tinh téng s6 tién cong dé son Iai cin phong d6. 6. Mot thifa rung dang hinh chit nhat c6 chidu dai 110 m, chidu rong 78 m, Ngubi ta cély lia trén thita rung a6, ctf I ha thu hoach dulge 71,5 ta théc. Ca thita rudng d6 thu hoach dude bao mhiéu ta thée? . I 7. Bae Ha 06 hai tim kinh hinh chi nat. Chiu rong eta méi tm kinh bing = chiéu dai cita n6 va chiéu dai cita tim kinh nhd ding bing chiéu rong cia tim kinh I6n, Bac ghép dt vao nhau va dit lén mat ban c6 dign tich 0,9 m? thi vita khit. Tinh dién 8. Mét chiéc ban An c6 mat ban hinh tron dudng kinh 150 cm, Ding mt khiin vai hinh tron dé phi 1én mat ban thi thay khan rd xudng khoi mép ban dai 20 cm. Tinh dién tich phan khan ri xuéng khoi mép ban, lay 1 = 3,14. 9. Si¢dung may tinh cam tay Phép tinh Ké qua 9,371 . 8,65 81,05915 (14,29). 73,6 — 1051,744 mos os DATIDOOAGO IMSS) 30 Ding mdy tinh cém tay dé tinh: 3,14. 7,652; ( 10,3125) : 2,5; 54,369 : (— 4,315). @§8. UGC LUGNG VA LAM TRON SO Ban tin cia Téng cuc Du lich ngay 30/9/2019 néu nhu sau: “Tinh chung 9 théng dau néim 2019, tong lugng khéch quéc t& dén Viet Nam uéc dat 12,9 triéu lugt khdch”. Theo théng ké chi tiét, s6 lugt khaéch trong chin thang dau nam 2019 1a 12 870 506. te Tai sao trong ban tin cé thé 2,9 triéu thay thé cho sé 12 870 506? Hon Trong Mdi la mot trong nhing dia diém du lich n6i tiéng 0 vinh Ha Long (Anh: Avigator Fortuner) 1. LAM TRON S6 NGUYEN BEB Lam tron 562 643 235 den: a) Hang nghin; b) Hang wigu. Gidng nhu 6 tiéu hoc, ta cé thé lam tron m6t sO nguyén (cé nhiéu chit s6) dén mét hang nao a6. Ching hi a) Dé am tn s6 2 643 235 dén hang nghin, ta lam nbu sau: ~ Tim chit s6 hang nghin (hang lam tron); 2.643 235 — Tim chit so hang trim (ditng ngay bén phai hang lam tron) va so sdnh chit sé a6 vi 5; = Do chit s6 hang trim 1a 2 (nhé hon 5) nén trong sO 2 643 235 ta gidt nguyén chit s6 3 6 hang nghin (hang lam trdn) ri thay Lin lugt cdc chif s6 ditng bén phai hing Lam tron boi chit s6 0: hang lm tron 2 643 235 — 2 643 235 — 2 643 000. Vay 2 643 235 = 2 643 000. b) Dé lam tron s6 2 643 235 dén hang trigu, ta Jam nhut sau: 2 643.235 — Tim chit s6 hang trigu (hang lam tron); — Tim chit s6 hang trim nghin (ting ngay bén phai hang im trdn) va so sénh chit s6 d6 véi 5; = Do chit s@ hang trim nghin 18 6 (16n hon 5) nén trong s6 2 643 235 ta cong thém 1 vao chit s62 6 hang trigu (hang lam tron), rdi thay Hin lugt céc chit s6 diing ben phai hang lam tron béi chit s6 0: hang lam tron 2 643 235 — 3 643 235 — 3 000 000. Vay 2 643 235 ~ 3 000 000. @Clu ¥: Kf higu “” doc 1a “gin biing” hoiie “xp xi”. Nhén nhu sau bé lam tron mot sO nguyén (c6 nhiéu chit s6) dén mot hang nao d6, ta lam + Néu chit sO dving ngay bén phai hang lam tron nho hon 5 thi ta thay Kin lugt cde chit so ditng bén phai hang lam tron béi chit s6 0; * Néu chit sé ding ngay bén phai hang lm trdn lén hon hoc bing 5 thi ta c6ng thém 1 vao chit s6 cia hang 1am trn rdi thay Lin Iuot cdc chit sé ding bén phai hang lam tron bai chit s6 0. Vidu 1) a) Lam tron sé 125 356 dén hang nghin; b) Lam tron sé — 123 856 789 dén hang triéu. Gidi a) Do chit sé hang trim 1a 3 nhé hon 5 nén a) Lam tron s6 321 912 125 356 ~ 125 000. dén hang chuc nghin. b) Do chit sé hang tram nghin 1a 8 Ién hon 5 nén b) Lamtron s6é— 25 167914 — 123 856 789 = — 124 000 000. dén hang chyc trigu. Il. LAM TRON SO THAP PHAN QW Lim tron 86 76,421 Aen: a) Hang phan musi (tite 1a chit s6 dau tién sau dau “.”); b) Hang chuc. Tuong tf nhu lam tron s6 nguyén, ta cé thé lam tron mot sé thap phan dén mét hang nao 6. Ching han: a) Dé lam tron s6 76,421 dén hang phan mui ta am nhu sau: ~ Tim chit s6 hang phan mui (hang lam trn); 76,421 Tim chit s6 hang phan trim (ding ngay bén phai hang Lam trdn) va so sdnh chil s6 d6 voi 5; —Do chit s6 hang phan trim 1a 2 (nhd hon 5) nén trong 676,421 ta gidt nguyén chit s6 4 6 hang phn musi (hang lam tron) réi thay Kin lugt cdc chit s6 ding bén phai hang im trdn bdi chit s6 0 va bo di nhiing chit s6 0 6 tn cing bén phai phiin thap phan: 76,421 > 76,400 > 76,4. hang lam tron Vay 76,421 = 76,4.b) Dé lam tron s6 76,421 dn hang chue ta lam nhu sau: — Tim chit so hang chyc (hang lam tron); 76.421 ~ Tim chit s@ hang don vi (dting ngay bén phai hang lam tron) va so sénh chif s6 d6 véi 5; — Do chit s6 hang don vj 1a 6 (ldn hon 5) nén trong s6 76,421 ta cOng thém 1 vao chit sé 7 6 hang chuc (hang lam tron): 76,421 > 86,421; — Véi s6 nhan dude 6 trén, thay lan ludt cdc chit s6 dting bén phai hang lam trdn bédi chit s6 0 rdi bé di nhiing chit s6 0 6 tan cing bén phai phan thap phan: 86,421 — 80,000 — 80. + hang lam tron Vay 76,421 ~ 80. Nhén xét: Bé kam tron mot sé thap phin dén mot hang nao 46, ta thuic hign gidng nh cach 1am tron mét s6 nguyén dén mot hang nao d6, sau dé bé di nhitng chit s6 0 6 tan ciing bén phai phan thp phan. Vidu 2) Theo https://danso.org/viet-nam, vao ngay 11/02/2020, dan sé cia Viet Nam 1a 96 975 052 ngudi. a) Lam tron dan s6 cia Viét Nam dn hang trigu, b) Sit dung sé thap phan dé viét dan s6 cia Vigt Nam theo don vi tinh: trigu ngudi. Sau d6 lam won sé thap phin d6 dén hang phan trim. Gidi & a) Ta 6: 96 975 052 ~ 97 000 000 = 97 triéu. ve a) Lam tron sO ~ 23,567 b) Ta c6: 96 975 052 = (96 975 052 : 1 000 000) trigu dén hang phin mudi. = 96,975052 triéu. b) Lam tron s6 — 25,1649 dén hang phan trim. Vay dan s6 cia Viét Nam 12 96,975052 trigu ngudi. 2 Lam tron s6 thap phan nhan dude 6 trén dén hang phan tram ta duge: 96,975052 triéu ~ 96,98 triéu. 1. Theo htips://danso.org/dan-so-the-gioi, vio ngay 11/02/2020, dan s6 thé gidi 1a 7 762 912 358 ngudi. Sit dung sé thip phin dé viet din s6 thé gidi theo don vi tinh: ti ngudi. Sau d6 lam tron s6 thap phin dé dén: a) Hang phan mudi; b) Hang phiin trim. ®2, Mot banh xe hinh tron ¢6 dung kinh 1 700 mm chuyén dOng trén mot duidng thing ti diém A dén diém B sau 875 vong. Quang dung AB dai khoang bao nhigu ki-10-mét (lam tron két qua dén hang phiin mui va lay x = 3,14)? 3. Use lugng két qua cia cde téng sau theo mau: Mdu: 119 +52 = 120 + 50 = 170; 185,91 + 14,11 ~ 185,9 + 14,1 = 200. a) 221 + 38; b) 6,19 + 3,82; c) 11,131 + 9,868; d) 31,189 + 27,811. 4. Udc lugng két qua cita cae tich sau theo mau: Mau: 81 . 49 ~ 80.50 =4 000; 8,19 4,95 +8 .5=40. a) 21. 39; b) 101. 95: c) 19,87 . 30,106; d) 10,11). (8,92). Déi nét vé lich sit sé thap phan Phan s6 thap phan xuat hién kha sém 6 Trung Quéc va A Rap. Vao thé ki XVI, 6 chau Au, nguéi ta bat dau sti dung 86 thap phan nhu mét o6ng cy tinh toan phan sd. Chang han, trong cudn saéch “Phan mudi” vao nam 1585 cia Si-méng Sté-vin (Simon Stevin, 1548 - 1620), 6ng da chi ra rng cach viét phan sé theo hé thap phan cho phép cdc phép tinh voi phan s6 duge thyc hién véi thuat toan don gian hon rat nhiéu va tuong ty véi quy tac tinh toan trén 6 ty nhién. Cach dung phan sé thap phan cia cac nha toan hoc sau nay nhu Gid-han Ké-ple (Johanne Kepler) va. Gin Na-pie (John Napier, 1550 - 1617) d mé dudng cho sy thifa nhan chung vé sé thap phan. Tuy nhién, cach dung mét ki higu ngan cach phan s6 nguyén va phan thap phan thi lai phuc tap hon nhiéu. Rat nhiéu cac ki hiéu khac nhau duge sit dung dé ngan cach phan sé nguyén va phan thap phan otia mét sé thap phan. Vao nam 1792, cuén sach veRnnaleayay 86 hoc dau tién in tai My da sir dung dau phay *,” cho myc (1571 — 1630) dich nay, nhung nhiing quyén sach sau d6 cé xu hudng thich céch su dung dau chm.” hon. Ngay nay, hau nhu cac nuéc néi tiéng Anh déu dung dau cham “.” nhung phan Idn cac quéc gia khac 6 chau Au lai thich ding dau phay “,” hon Cac t6 chtic va cdc nha xuat ban quéc té thudng chdp nhan ca d&u cham va dau phéay. Hé théng may tinh hién dai cho phép ngudi si dung dugc Iva chon su ngan cach phan sé nguyén va phan thap phan ctia mét s6 thép phan bdi dau phay *,” hay déu cham “.”. (Nguén: W.P.Berlinghott and F:2.Gouvea, Math Through the Ages: A Gentle History for leachers and Others, Dover Publications, 2078)S6 Pi duge ngudi Ba-bi-lon (Babylon) ¢6 dai phat hign gan bén nghin nim trude va duge biéu dién bing chit cdi Hy Lap x tit gitta thé ki XVII $6 x thé hign mi lign hé dic biét gia d6 dai cia mot dudng tron v6i d6 dai dudng kinh cia dudng tron a6. MO% lién he dtc biét gifta ap 2p ki ete ae dai cia m6t dung tron voi Bénh in hinh s6 Pi ucuuaimot aitong ron 001 (Anh: Litu Chi Béng) 6 dai dong kink cia duimg tron dé la gi? ) LTis6é 1. Tisé cia hai sé QED Viet thuong trong phép chia s6 1 000 cho sé 10 dé so sénh chting. Thuong 1 000 : 10 (cing ki hiéu la ue thé hién sut so sinh s6 1 000 vdi so.10. Zs — Néu tis cia a va b use vigt & dang thi tating goi a1 6 va bla _ Vidu 1) ~ i Scan; 229, 025 a) Doe ede s6 sau: 3 Mau: Ti sé = duige doc 18: ti s6 ca 13 va 17. b) Viet ti s6 cia: — 3 va 4; tra-2 conch viet 5: 8 fe a c) Trong cae cach viét: 2; 2; 6:5; 5:6 cach viét nao Ia diing dé biéu din ti s6 cita 5 65 va 6? Tai sao?Giai 0,25 a) Tisd ~ duige doe Ia: ti sO clia 999 va 11. Tisé — duige doe a: ti sO ctia 0,25 va 14. b) Ti s6 cia - 3 va 4 duge viét 1a Ti s6 ctta + va — 2 dude viet 1a 0 c) Hai caich viet 2 va 5: 6 la ding, Thsd cia sO a va sO b 6 phai dugc viét theo ding Bai vi: Néu viét ti sO cita 5 va 6 d dang phan sO thi taphai thet 1a 4 hoe a:b. viét tit 14 5 va mau 12 6. Néu viét ti s6 clia 5 va 6 6 dang . : php chia th ta pha viet Obj chia 5 va sO chia 6. @ Vidu 2) Trong céc ti s6 sau day, ti 3y 23,7 va 89, Wa, J nao Ia phan sO: a) Viét ti s6 cita: 5 va-7; =2, > b) Trong céc ti sé da viét, ti s@ nao 1a phan s6? Gidi Tis e 1a phan s6 vi ca tit — 2 va mau 5 déu 1a sd nguyén. Hai ti sO cdn lai c6 tit khOng phai 1A sO nguyén nén ching khong phai 1A phan sé. Chui ¥: Ti s6 A 1a phan s@ néu cd tit a va mau b déu 1a sé nguyén. 2. Tis6 cita hai dai lugng (cing loai va cing don vi do) (QW Ban Phuong di bé véi van t6e 4 km/h. Ban Quan di bd véi van te 5 knv/h. Tinh 1i 86 giffta van tdc cilia ban Phuténg va van téc cia ban Quin Dé tinh ti s6 giita van t6c cia ban Phudng va van téc cla ban Quan, ta lam nhu sau: n Phuong 1a 4 (km/h); van téc ctta ban Quan 14 5 (km/h). Vay ti s6 gitia van t6c cia ban Phuong va van tc cita ban Quan Ia: Van t6c cia ban Phutong _ 4 ‘Van técciia banQuan 5" q VY Ti sO cita hai dai lugng thé hign d6 dn ciia dai lugng nay so véi dai luigng kia.Vidy 3) Doan thing AB c6 a6 dai 9 em, doan thing CD c6 d6 dai 6 cm. Tinh ti s6 a9 dai ciia doan thing AB va doan thing CD. Gidi Ta c6: S6 do dQ dai doan thing AB 1a 9 (cm); S6 do d§ dai doan thing CD 1a 6 (cm). Vay ti sé 46 dai cia doan thing AB va doan thing CD la: AB 93 CD 6 2 Ta con c6 thé viét: ABCD =3 hoe AB i@D=3:2. i. TIS6 PHAN TRAM 1. Tis6 phan tram cia hai sé QED Tinh ti s6 phiin trim cia 3 va 5. te Trong khong khf, énh séngchuyén dong véi vantéc Kho’ing 300 000 km/s, cdn Am thanh lan truyén vdi van t6c khoung 343,2 mis. (Nguén: hitps://vi.wikipedia.org) Tinh ti s6 ciia van t6c anh sng va van t6c m thanh. Vidu 4) Tinh ti s6 phan trim cia: a) 306 va 425; b)3 va. Gidi a) Ti s6 phan trim ciia 306 va 425 1a: 306 ==. 100% = 0,72 . 100% = 72%. pg 100% = 0.72. 100% = 7 b) Ti s6 phan trim cia 3 va 6 Ia: 3100 6, «300 64 - som. 6 6 Chat 9215 wth 2100 khéng nhat thiét 1a sé nguyén. @ C6 hai cach tinh a an ih * Chia a cho b dé tim thudng 2 & ne 380. HD han) roi lay thuon; Phan véi 100. 2 © Nhan a véi 100 rdi chia cho b, viét thuodng nhan duge 6 dang sé nguyén hoi sé thip phan. we Tinh ti sé phan tram ctia aya b véi b lan hist 1a cde ‘86 sau: 10; 100; 1 000. ©- a. 100 Khiti sé “ khong 1a sé nguyén thi ta thudng viét ti sO d6 0 dang sé thap phan cé hitu han chi s6 sau dau “,” (hole xéip xi biing s6 thp phan cé hitu han chit s6 sau défu“,”). Céch viét vé s6 thp phan nhu vay thudn tign hon trong thy tién. Chang han, ta khong viét 2a ma viét 14 2,4%. Vidu 5) Tinh ti s6 phan trim (lam tron dén hang phén 4 Khi tinh ti s6 phn trim muti) eta: cia a ya 6 ma pha lam a) 2va3; b) 4,15 va 12. alco tani eanttn fe “4 lam theo cach thit hai da Gidi néu 6 trén: Nhan a vdi 100 a) Ti s6 phan trim ciia 2 va 3 1a: ote noe pe tron 86 thap pI vain duge. 22100 og 200.44 = 66,7%. 3 3) & b) Ti sé phan tram ciia 4,15 va 1,2 la: a Tinh ti sO phan trim (am tron dén hang phan a an a ~ 345,8%. mui) ctia 12 va 35. 2. Tisé phan trim cita hai dai ligng (cing loai va cing don vi do) QED Xe 6 t6 tai di voi van te 45 km/h, xe 6 t6 con di véi van tc 60 km/h. Van t6e cia xe 6 16 ti bling bao nhiéu phéin trim van t6c cia xe 6 t6 con? 4 Ti s6 phan trim cia dai lugng thi nhat c6 sé do (dai lugng) @ va dai Iugng thit hai c6 sé do i 4 Vidu 6) Ti 6 cha s6 bé trai va sO bé gai khi sinh cha | (#t MORE) Bs Viet Nam c6 xu huéng ting tit nim 2006 dén nim 2019. mae Ti sO nay nim 2019 1a 1 115 bé trai/1 000 bé gai (Ngudn: http://mid.com.vn ngay 19/12/2019). Trong nam 2019: a) Ti s6 phan trim ciia s6 bé trai duge sinh ra so vdi sO bé g i duge sinh ra 1A bao nhigu? b) Ti s@ phan trim cita sé bé trai duige sinh ra so vdi téng s6bé sinh ra 1A bao nhigu (lam trdn dén hang phan musi)? c) Tinh higu gid ti s6 phiin trim cia s6 bé trai dude sinh ra so véi téng sO bé sinh ra va ti 6 phin trim ciia s6 bé gai duige sinh ra so véi tong s6'bé sinh ra. Ké qua a6 cho em thdy diéu gi vé gidi tinh khi sinh nudc ta trong nim 2019?