AIDS Definition H Human because this virus can only infect human beings.

s. I Immunodeficiency because the virus creates a weakened immune system by destroying white blood cells (immune system cells) called T-cells or CD4 cells. V Virus because the organism is a virus and is incapable of reproducing itself without help from specific cells in the human body. A Acquired because AIDS is a disease that is not hereditary but develops from contact with, or infection by, a disease-causing agent (in this case, HIV). I Immune because AIDS affects the body's immune system, which includes all the organs and cells that work to fight off infection or foreign substances. D Deficiency because HIV makes the immune system unable to function properly. S Syndrome because AIDS is a complex illness with a wide range of complications and symptoms. Stages of AIDS 1. HIV Infection (primary infection) 2. Window Period (3-6 months) develop antibodies to HIV 3. Seroconversion ( 6-12 months) 4. Asymptomatic (1-10 years) infectious but no evidence of illness except positive HIV antibody test 5. Symptomatic (10-15 years) occurrence of early HIV related diseases 6. AIDS (TERMINAL STAGE) Anatomy and physiology

Unsafe Sexual Intercourse/ Multiple sexual partners- Increases the

chance of contracting or transmitting HIV via semen. It is the most common means of transmission.

Blood Transmission such as needle sharing, blood transfusion and open

wounds.- HIV infected blood gaining entrance to the body. Predisposing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)- It destroys a subgroup of lymphocytes, the helper T cells resulting in suppression of the bodys immune response.

Such as PCP,TB,HSV etc no cure Antiviral- ganciclovir Protease inhibitors (ritonavir) Antineoplastics for kaposis sarcoma- referon A Antibiotic-co-trimoxazole Antifungal-fluconazole

Location- Scientists believe HIV came from a particular type of

chimpanzee in Western Africa.

Lifestyle- Humans probably came in contact with HIV-infected blood

through hunting and eating these animals. Symtomatology Primary Infections

Laboratory tests Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) or Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Identify Antibodies directed specifically against HIV Western Blot Used to confirm seropositivity when the EIA result is positive.

Fever, fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss- As the number of T4/ CD4

HIV attacks the immune system of the body. CD4 cells and macrophages (Helper- induce cells or T4 lymphocytes) these cells are responsible for initiating the immune response. After this T4 foreign antigens and infected cells, they stimulate B lymphocytes to produce antibodies, mobilize phagocytic cells and influence cell- mediated immunity. Cell- mediated immunity protects the body against virus, bacteria, fungi, and parasites that are not controlled by antibodies and neutrophils. Macrophages engulf foreign particles and present fragments of these antigens. HIV belongs to the group of retrovirus. These viruses carry their genetic material in the form of ribonucleic acid. HIV is covered with a protein called gp120 which binds to the CD4 receptor and allows to enter in the Tcells.

Etiology Precipitating Factor

Maternofetal- Transmitted from an infected mother to a child during

pregnancy or through breast milk feeding.

decreases an infected person may manifest these common systemic symptoms. Early signs of AIDS Lymphadenopathy -B lymphocytes are stimulated to divide massively, causing swelling of lymphnodes or to over produce antibodies. Anemia -HIV infects bone marrow causing this disorder. Late Signs Herpes simplex 1 & 2, TB -These are often controlled by cell- mediated immunity but not eliminated from the body. Pneumocystic carnii Pneumonae- Pneumocystic carnii multiplies rapidly and causes pneumonia in people with suppressed immune systems. AIDS dementia complex -Identified as neurologic syndrome associated with HIV. Other signs Kaposis Sarcoma Non- Hodgkins Dse. Cytomegaly virus Pathophysiology Invasion of HIV in the body I HIV attacks immune system I gp120 binds to the CD4 receptor I Enters into the host I RNA converts to DNA I Malfunctioning of the lymphocytes I Disruption of Macrophages I Weakens cell mediated immunity I Reactivation of latent infections causes opportunistic infections

Viral Load Measure HIV RNA in the plasma

CD4/ CD8 Ratio These are markers found on lymphocytes. HIV kills CD4+ cells, which results in significantly impaired immune system.

OraQuick Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test

Uses saliva to perform an EIA antibody test; standard method of testing in settings where a delay would seriously affect treatment. Nursing mgt

ABCDE-

Abstinence Be faithful Use condom Dont use or share needles Education

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Instruct patient to regarding transmission of of HIV and methods for safer sex w/ partner such as using of condom Advise patient to reduce the number of sexual partners to one. Advise patient to avoid sharing needles, razors, toothbrush, breast feeding, sex toys or blood contaminated articles Advise HIV seropositive patients to avoid donating blood, plasma, body organs or sperm.

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Instruct HIV patient to comply with treatment regimen. assess for signs and symptoms of opportunistic infections (oral lesion, dyspnea, cough, skin lesion, fever) Identify factors that might interfere w/nutrition (anorexia,nausea,vomiting, oral lesiom,dysphagia) teach regarding self-administration of prescribed meds, side effects, and proper compliance with drug therapy instruct clients using anti-retroviral therapy to carefully comply w/ prog to prevent drug resistance.

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10. Health care providers should observe standard precautions such as hand washing, face protection and environmental control Ncp Ineffective Sexuality Pattern r/t capability to transmit HIV Disturbed body image r/t presence of HIV signs & symptoms Activity intolerance r/t decreased circulating RBC Knowledge deficit about the disease

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Fear and anxiety Risk for complications of HIV infections Prognosis Poor. Progression of the disease can be slowed down but cannot be stopped completely.