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DESARROLLO DEL CORAZN

I. Resea de la anatoma del desarrollo cardaco

II. Aspectos celulares y moleculares a destacar en el desarrollo cardaco

Gabriel Anesetti Prof. Adj. del Departamento de Histologa y Embriologa

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Caractersticas anatmicas y funcionales a tener en cuenta

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Islotes angiognicos (Wolff y Pander)

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Mesodermo cardiognico

Induccin del mesodermo cardiognico

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Plegamiento del embrin y sus consecuencias sobre el desarrollo cardaco

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Plegamiento del embrin y sus consecuencias sobre el desarrollo cardaco

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Estructura del tubo cardaco: Endocardio Epimiocardio Gelatina cardaca

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Sistema vascular primitivo

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Modificaciones en la morfologa externa del tubo cardaco

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Variaciones en la morfologa externa del tubo cardaco

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Tabicacin aurculo-ventricular aurculo-

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Defectos en la tabicacin aurculo-ventricular aurculo-

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Remodelacin sino-auricular sino-

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Tabicacin auricular

Septum primum Ostium primum

Foramen oval

Ostium secundum Septum secundum

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Defectos de la tabicacin auricular

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Incorporacin del seno venoso en la pared de la aurcula derecha

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Incorporacin de la vena pulmonar en la pared de la aurcula izquierda

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Tabicacin ventricular

Tabique muscular Tabique membranoso

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Remodelacin ventricular

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Defectos de la tabicacin ventricular

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Tabicacin del tronco arterioso

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Tabicacin del tronco arterioso

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Alteraciones en la tabicacin del tronco arterioso

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Tabicacin del tronco arterioso y formacin de las vlvulas

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Alteraciones en la tabicacin del tronco arterioso y formacin de las vlvulas

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Circulacin fetal

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DESARROLLO DEL CORAZN

I. Resea de la anatoma del desarrollo cardaco II. Aspectos celulares y moleculares a destacar en el desarrollo cardaco

Departamento de Histologa y Embriologa - 2010

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Exp. Biol. Med., Vol. 232, No. 7, 852-865 (2007)

Figure 1. (A) Cardiogenesis during chicken gastrulation. St. refers to Hamburger and Hamilton stages. Stage 3: Cardiac progenitor cells caudal to Hensens node are in the same anteroposterior order as their eventual positions in the tubular heart. Stage 5: Cardiac progenitor cells in the bilateral HFRs in the lateral plate mesoderm. Stage 7: HFR cells migrate to form the cardiac crescent. In addition, the secondary heart field forms. Stage 12: Tubular heart with distinguishable chamber primordia including the conus, primitive right ventricle (Rt. vent.) and left ventricle (Lt. vent.), and sinus venosus (SV). Modified from Brand (2). (B) Cross-section of stage 8 chicken embryo depicting the ectodermal and endodermal layers that surround the somatic and splanchnic mesoderm. (C) Signaling pathways between germ cell layers that act to induce cardiogenic mesoderm. Positive acting signals in the endoderm and the mesoderm signal splanchnic mesodermal cells to become cardiogenic. Inhibitory signals from the ectoderm, Hensens node, the notochord, and from within the 29 mesoderm inhibit cardiogenesis. Modified from Brand (Ref. 2; used with permission of Elsevier).

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Figure 5. (A) Heart tube looping and the L/R embryonic axis. Chamber precursors aligned in the anteroposterior orientation in the linear heart tube are brought into the appropriate left-right juxtaposition for septation and establishment of the left and right ventricular chambers by looping of the heart tube. (B) Network of interacting signal transduction pathways that institute a left-right asymmetry within the chick embryo. Left/right asymmetry is initiated by asymmetric expression of activinB (AB) within Hensens node. AB inhibits Shh expression in the right portion of the node, allowing its expression in the left portion, where it diffuses into the adjacent LPM and induces Nodal expression either directly or via caronte, an antagonist of BMP action. Certain BMPs, such as BMP-2 and BMP-4, and Vg1 maintain Nodal expression in the LPM as its expression domain expands with time. ActivinB also acts to prevent establishment of a leftward identity in the right LPM by imposing a "Nodal-free zone" by increasing BMP-4 and FGF8 signaling to inhibit Shh and activate cSnR.

Exp. Biol. Med. ]], Vol. 232, No. 7, 852-865 (2007)

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Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine Volume 19, Issue 4, May 2009, Pages 130-135

Figure 2. Cardiac progenitor cells and the ToF syndrome. The diagram illustrates the four classic features that characterize ToF compared with the normal adult heart. Regions derived from the primitive heart tubes (yellow) and from the secondary heart field (green) are highlighted. The diagram shows how the malformations seen in ToF may be due to an altered migration and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells originating from the recently discovered secondary heart field.

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PROEPICARDIAL DEVELOPMENT

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The epicardium is embryologically formed by the outgrowth of proepicardial cells over the naked heart tube. Following epithelialmesenchymal transformation, EPDCs form the subepicardial mesenchyme and subsequently migrate into the myocardium, and differentiate into smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. They contribute to the media of the coronary arteries, to the atrioventricular valves, and the fibrous heart skeleton. Furthermore, they are important for the myocardial architecture of the ventricular walls and for the induction of Purkinje fiber formation.

Special Issue: Cardiac Development TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2007) 7, 17771798

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Bibliografa bsica

Anatoma del desarrollo

Embriologa clnica. Moore, Persaud. Elsevier; 8 Edicin (2009) Embriologa Mdica de Langman: Con Orientacin Clnica. Sadler. Editorial Medica Panamericana (2004)

Anatoma del desarrollo y ms Cardiac Development and Implications for Heart Disease. Epstein JA., N Engl J Med 2010;363:163847. How to Make a Heart: The Origin and Regulation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Vincent SD and Buckingham ME . Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 90 , Chapter 1, pp 1-41

Cardiovascular Embryology. Abdulla, R, Blew, GA, Holterman MJ. (2004) Pediatr Cardiol 25:191200

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Bibliografa adicional

Origin, Fate, and Function of Epicardium-Derived Cells (EPDCs) in Normal and Abnormal Cardiac Development. Lie-Venema et al. TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2007) 7, 17771798 Cardiovascular Development and the Colonizing Cardiac Neural Crest Lineage. Snider et al. TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2007) 7, 10901113 Tetralogy of Fallot as a Model to Study Cardiac Progenitor Cell Migration and Differentiation During Heart Development. Di Felice and Zummo. Trends Cardiovasc Med (2009)19:130135 Signal Transduction in Early Heart Development (I): Cardiogenic Induction and Heart Tube Formation. Wagner and Siddiqui. Exp Biol Med (2007) 232:852865 Second lineage of heart forming region provides new understanding of conotruncal heart defects. Nakajima Congenital Anomalies (2010) 50, 814

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