Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Philippine Conference on Capturing Economic Benefits from Ecosystem Services 25 August 2011, ADB Manila
2. Bukidnon is known for rich depository of Biological Resources & Conservation Hotspots. 3. Food Basket in Mindanao
Mt. Kimangkil
Tagoloan
151,870.84
110,631.06 57,362.27
Davao-Salug Agusan-Cugman
36,445.31 21,959.01
TYPES OF WATERSHEDS:
4
1 2 17
River Basin
Large Watershed Medium Watershed Small Watershed
AgusanCugman Tagoloan
Major Watersheds
Upper Pulangui
Total Area
Upper Pulangui
Maridugao
Lower Pulangui
DavaoSalug
5 2 2
36,445.31 21,959.01
AgusanCugman
Environmental Services:Forest Protecting Biodiversity( Forest and wetland ecosystems0 that can be found in protected areas in Mt. Kalatungan & Mt. Kitanglad and other Mountains Mt. Tangkulan, Mt. Saldab, Mt. Tago Range, and the Pantaron Mt. Ranges) Soil Conservation, Water conservation, flood mitigation, carbon sequestration, oxygen generation and micro climate amelioration.
Economic Services: Water Supply for 1.3 Million people,16 Agro-industries(Multinational Corp.) & 32,382 hectares irrigated lands,145,434 annual and perennial croplands, 191 poultrys & piggeries & hydro-electric power generations of NAPOCOR (generates 255MW 30% of the power demand in Mindanao), Bobonawan Power Company and First Gen Power Corporation.
Social Services: Preservation of Tourism (Eco-cultural and Landscape preservation), Recreation (hike trekking, mountain climbing and water sports), Historical (protection of historical monuments and archeological sites), Cultural (Protection of areas of cultural importance e.g sacred groves, burial places, indigenous cultures, beliefs and knowledges, Health (Control of water Borne diseases and prevention of malnutrition) and Social Welfares (livelihood security, social equity/poverty alleviation, reduction of risk of loss of life due to natural disasters, disaster relief avoidance , prevention of rural and urban migration.
Operationalization and Strengtehning of the Bukidnon Watershed Protection and Development Council. Formulation of Watershed Management & Protection Framework Plan ( Provincial, City/Municipal & Barangay) Capacity Building Intensive Information Campaigns/Advocacy Data-based Establishment & Management Fund Sourcing Strengthening Linkages to Resource Providers for Integrated Watershed Management
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY BUILDING & PLANNING PROGRAM OF LGUs ( Provincial , Municipal & Barangay) 1995-up to date
Approach in watershed Data based Collection, Interpretation and Analysis Impact Pathways Address Communication Gap between three types of Knowledge on Watershed Functions and found appropriate Negotiations for Payment or Rewards of environmental Services
Figure. 1. Integration of three Sources of Knowledge System ( Local, Public and Scientific Domains for Sustainable NRM & Devt.
1% 1%
0% 1% 25%
16%
3%
1% 21% 31%
Environmental Services:Forest Protecting Biodiversity( Forest and wetland ecosystems0 that can be found in protected areas in Mt. Kalatungan & Mt. Kitanglad and other Mountains Mt. Tangkulan, Mt. Saldab, Mt. Tago Range, and the Pantaron Mt. Ranges) Soil Conservation, Water conservation, flood mitigation, carbon sequestration, oxygen generation and micro climate amelioration.
Economic Services: Water Supply for 1.3 Million people,16 Agro-industries(Multinational Corp.) & 32,382 hectares irrigated lands,145,434 annual and perennial croplands, 191 poultrys & piggeries & hydro-electric power generations of NAPOCOR (generates 255MW 30% of the power demand in Mindanao), Bobonawan Power Company and First Gen Power Corporation.
Social Services: Preservation of Tourism (Eco-cultural and Landscape preservation), Recreation (hike trekking, mountain climbing and water sports), Historical (protection of historical monuments and archeological sites), Cultural (Protection of areas of cultural importance e.g sacred groves, burial places, indigenous cultures, beliefs and knowledges, Health (Control of water Borne diseases and prevention of malnutrition) and Social Welfares (livelihood security, social equity/poverty alleviation, reduction of risk of loss of life due to natural disasters, disaster relief avoidance , prevention of rural and urban migration.
Rapid increase of population and slash and burn have caused rapid denudation in the upland areas, particularly in the last two decades. 2005 spot revealed that Bukidnons forest cover is only 25% situated in the headwater mountain slopes resulted also with a corresponding decline in genetic species and ecosystem within and downstream watershed. Rapid rainfall runoff and severe soil erosion became increasingly evident as flash flood, landslides and siltation in the rainy season alternated with worsening droughts and destructive fires in the dry season when inadequate river flows failed to sustain irrigation and hydro-electric power generation. Competing water use and industrial) increases (agricultural
Water quality changes based on community based water monitoring Extent of rural poverty in the uplands continued to increase and the ability of upland farm families to generate even subsistence livelihoods from the deteriorating resource base continue to decline.
Programs, Projects of the Province of Bukidnon to Protect the Bukidnon River Watersheds
1. The province facilitated the issuance of Memorandum Order 270, in 1985, Creating the Bukidnon Watershed Protection and Development Council, signed by then President Fidel V. Ramos in order to protect the remaining forests within Bukidnon river watersheds; 2) Enacted and enforced logging moratorium since 1986. 3) Conducted comprehensive data based to determine the macro to micro river watersheds as basis for clustering LGUs (Provincial, city/ Municipal up to Barangay level. For watershed management purposes (1995- 2001) 4) Mandated LGUs (provincial, all municipal and barangay) to prepare watershed management plan as framework in environmental and natural resources management with continuous watershed capability development support of the Provincial Government. 5) Facilitated forums and summit to integrate various environmental and natural resources management initiatives. 4) Implemented reforestation, small scale tree farms and tree growing. 5. Enacted the Bukidnon Environment Code; 5) Enacted a resolution to support the declaration of Mt. Ktanglad Range Nature Park and Mt. Kalatungan Range Nature Park as Protected areas.
Programs, Projects of the Province of Bukidnon to Protect the Bukidnon River Watersheds (Continuation)
6. Applied TULSEA Negotiation Support Tools for PES Negotiations (Carbon stock measurement, hydrological measurement, Landscape appraisal, Land Tenure Appraisal, market appraisal & biodiversity appraisal). 7. implemented the province wide greening program and Rewards of Ecosystem Services (RES) through providing financial assistance to diverse stakeholders who adopted Tree Growing in order to address forest degradation and deforestation and food security within Bukidnon River watersheds.
Effects -Decreasing water supply (e.g. drying up of rivers) -Degrading water quality -Flooding -Siltation in irrigation canals -Decreasing water supply (e.g. drying up of rivers) -Degrading water quality -Siltation in irrigation canals -Sedimentation in reservoir -High treatment costs -Poor rice production
-Population growth -Expansion of banana plantations -Decreasing forest cover -Intensive agricultural production -Improper waste disposal -Increasing water demand -Unsustainable farming systems
-Massive environmental awareness -Implement environmental policies -Plant trees -Water recycling -Provide incentives -Regulate banana and agricultural expansion
Fig. 5.4. Daily rainfall data used to simulate the river flows of Alanib (TOP-LEFT), Maagnao (TOPRIGHT) and Kulasihan (BOTTOM) Rivers.
Average water balance of Alanib and Kulasihan sub-watersheds during a GenRiver simulation (MEK results)
No. Dynamics of water Alanib sub-watershed
12-year
Kulasihan sub-watershed
Computed (mm)
1 Precipitation 2272.36
Simulated (mm)
2260.34
Computed (mm )
2300.67
Simulated (mm)
2222.09
Evapotranspiration
760.42 (34)
1058.50 (44)
3 4
Other losses River flow Run-off Soil quick flow Baseflow Surface quick flow 496.12
654.94 (29) 844.98 (37) 516.49 (23) 0.00 328.49 (15) 535.20
401.61 (17) 980.35 (41) 536.90 (23) 31.00 (1) 0.00 412.45 (17)
Based on the RHA results, the overall assessment of the environmental conditions in the focused subcatchments specifically the Alanib and Kulasihan Rivers implies that land use/cover change of the landscape coupled with the increasing water demands by different group of users seems to significantly influence the changes in stream flow patterns, and water level or supply as supported by MEK, LEK and PEK.
Institutional Challenges: Strengthen multi-sectoral approach to watershed planning & management & Partnerships. Continuing IEC program in watershed resource management. Creation of ENRO ( City & Municipal level). Establishment of LGU Watershed Management Trust Fund. Establishment of Management Information System. Implementation of Comprehensive Training Programme Local Policy & Legislation Challenges: Enforcement of Rules & Regulations for Watershed Protection. Formulation of economic policy instruments (Integration of Payment of Environmental Services)
Technological Challenges for Interventions: Appropriate technologies which are simple, conservation effective, low cost, maintenance & productive