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Embargoed to 00:05am Thursday 4 August 2011

Realistically, Italy is bound to default, but Spain may just get away without having to do so
ThefailureoftheEuropeanleaderstosortouttheireconomicproblemsbeforegoingawayforAugusthasleftItalyandSpainin thelurch.PrimeMinister Zapatero hascancelledhissummerholiday;PrimeMinisterBerlusconi,whoseeverydayliferesemblesaClub1830holiday,hasnotactuallygivenuphis ownsummerplanbutismakinganunusualaddresstotheItalianParliamenttoday(Wednesday). ItisimportanttounderstandthedifferentdynamicsoftheItalianandSpanishsituations.Wehavemodelledagood outcomeandabadoutcome for bothtoseeiftheyarelikelytobeabletostaveoffdefault,flexinggrowthratesandborrowingcosts. ForSpain,eventhebadoutcomehasthedebtGDPratioremaining nohigherthan75%.Thisdepends,though,onthebanksnotbeingforcedtotakemajor capitallossesontheirpropertyportfoliosandthereforenoadditionalfinancingofthebankingsectorbythegovernment.Theyhavegotawaywithitsofar. ThekeytoSpainisthattheirexportsremainfairlysuccessfuldespitethestrengthoftheeuro,andmostofthoseowningempty propertyaremiddleclass familieswhohavenotyetdumpeditonthemarket.FingerscrossedbutthereisarealchancethatSpainmayavoiddefaultanddebtrestructuringunlessit getsdraggeddownbycontagion. ForItaly,thecalculationsaredifferent.Thestartingdebtpositionismuchworseat128%.AlthoughMr.Berlusconihasactuallymanagedtorunatight budget,itisstillnottightenough.Andifthemarketscontinuetoforceonthemborrowingcostsataround6%andgrowthstays closetozero,our calculationsshowthedebtGDPratiorisinggraduallytoover150%by2017.Evenifthecostofborrowinggoesbackdownto4%,theirgrowthrateisso anaemicthatweseethedebtGDPratioremainingat123%in2018. Thisispurelymathematical.Becausethebondmarkethasassumed optimisticgrowthrates,itbelievesthatthecriticalbondyieldabovewhichadebt positionisunsustainableisabout7%.Actually,withtheverysluggishgrowthinSouthernEuropeasaresultofthecompetitive hitsthatthecountrieshave takenfromstayingintheeuro,themaximumsustainablebondyieldisnearerto45%. Thebondmarkethasnotsufficientlyfactoredintheimportanceofexportgrowthindeterminingtheplausibilityofdifferentcountries prospects.Ireland provideditdoesnotgethitbycontagion shouldbeabletoexportitswayoutoftroublefairlyeasilybecauseofitstremendousexportingsuccess,though itwilltakea10yearhitonlivingstandards.Spainisinalessstrongexportsituationbuthasasmallerdebtratio(thoughithasaweakbankingsector)and withsomeluckcansurvive. ButGreececannotsortoutitsdebtproblemandrealisticallythesameisthecaseforItaly.PortugalisnearertoItaly,thoughitspositionisonlyabout85% asbad. However,thesedistinctionsbasedoneconomicsandmathematicsmaynotmatter.IfoneEurozone countrydefaults,themarketsarelikelytoputpressure ontheotherweakeconomiesandpushupbondyields.Thiswillinturndragthemdown,makingdevaluatingandthusleavingtheeuroincreasingly attractive,whichiswhywearepessimisticaboutthechancesof theeuroholdingtogether.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF KEY DATA RELEASES

Forecasting Eye

Douglas McWilliams chief executive Centre for Economics and Business Research ltd
dmcwilliams@Cebr.com 07525 287112
Centre for Economics and Business Research ltd, 2011

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