A Short Course On the Djinn

A Short Course on the Djinn

Adapted from The Vengeful Djinn by Rosemary Ellen Guiley and Philip J. Imbrogno, Llewellyn, 2011, with additional material from The Encyclopedia of Demons & Demonology by Rosemary Ellen Guiley, Facts On File, 200 In Arabian lore, djinn are a race of supernaturally empowered beings who have the ability to intervene in the affairs of people. Like the Greek daimones, djinn are self-propagating and can be either good or evil. They can be conjured in magical rites to perform various tasks and services. A djinni (singular) appears as a wish-granting genie in folk tales such as in The Book of 1001 Nights collection of folk tales. In Western lore djinn are sometimes equated with demons, but they are not the same. They are often portrayed as having a demonic-like appearance, but they can also appear in beautiful, seductive forms. The djinn are masterful shape-shifters, and their favored forms are snakes and black dogs. They also can masquerade as anything: humans, animals, ghosts, cryptids, and other entities such as extraterrestrials, demons, shadow people, fairies, angels and more. The djinn are not confined to the Middle East, or to the past. They exist in their own realm, probably a parallel dimension, and they have the ability and the desire to enter our world and interact with us. The djinn have been among us in antiquity and they are among us now.

Djinn or Jinn?
The correct spelling of the word djinn, translated directly from Arabic to English is with a d djinn. Western readers may be more familiar with the commonly used phonetic spelling, jinn. We use djinn as the preferred spelling in order to conform as much as possible to Arabic translations.

Origins
According to pre-Islamic lore, the djinn are born of smokeless fire (which in modern terms could be plasma). They live very long lives but they are not immortal. According to some accounts, they live with other supernatural beings in the Kaf, a mythical range of emerald mountains that encircles the Earth. In modern terms, they live in a parallel dimension. The djinn like to roam the deserts and wilderness and inhabit caves. They are usually invisible, but have the power to shape-shift to any form, be it insect, animal, human, or entity. They have long been regarded as malicious and dangerous, capable of bringing bad luck, illness, disaster and death. Even when granting favors, they have a trickster nature and can twist events for the worse.

Though the djinn can be conjured in magical rites, they are difficult to control. One individual said to have complete power over the djinn was the legendary Biblical King Solomon. God gave Solomon a copper and iron magic ring that enabled him to subdue djinn, and which protected him from their powers. In some accounts, the ring was inscribed with a pentacle, and in other accounts it was set with a gem, probably a diamond, that had a living force of its own. With the ring, Solomon branded the necks of the djinn as his slaves and set them to working building the first Temple of Jerusalem and even the entire city of Jerusalem. One story tells that a jealous djinni (sometimes identified as Asmodeus) stole Solomons ring while he bathed in the river Jordan. The djinni seated himself on the kings throne at his palace and reigned over his kingdom, forcing Solomon to become a wanderer. God compelled the djinni to throw the ring into the sea. Solomon retrieved it, and punished the djinni by imprisoning him in a bottle. According to another story, Solomon summoned the djinn to his crystal-paved palace, where they sat at tables made of iron. (In folklore, iron weakens supernatural entities.) The Quran tells how the king made them work at building palaces, making carpets, and creating ponds, statues and gardens. Whenever Solomon wanted to travel to faraway places, the djinn carried him on their backs.

Djinn in Muslim lore

Islamic theology absorbed the djinn; an entire chapter in the Quran concerns them. According to the Muslim faith, humans were created from clay and water, and angels from a special and pure spiritual light. Djinn were created from the smokeless fire, or the essential fire (plasma in modern terms). They are invisible to most people except under certain conditions; however, animals, especially dogs and donkeys are able to see them. Djinn were on the earth before man, but it is unknown for how long. By some accounts, they were created 2000 years before Adam and Eve, and were equal to angels in stature. When Allah created Adam, he told the angels to bow to him. The angels complied but Iblis, the leader of the djinn and who had access to heaven, refused, and so he and his kind were cast out of paradise. Iblis appealed to Allah, and the djinn were granted the opportunity to redeem themselves by Judgment Day. Iblis (also called Shaytan) became a figure comparable to the Devil. His evilminded followers are called devils, and they behave in ways similar to Western demons. Like humans, djinn have free will, and are able to understand good and evil. The Quran states that the purpose of their creation is the same as that of humans, which is to worship Allah. They are responsible for their actions, and will be judged at the Last Judgment. Muhammad had encounters with the djinn. He warned the people to cover their utensils, close their doors and keep their children close to them at night, as the djinn spread out at night and take things. He also warned people to put out their lights, as the djinn drag away the wicks and start fires. However, they will not open a locked door, untie a tied knot, or uncover a vessel.

If a djinni is harmed or killed, even inadvertently, djinn will take revenge, bringing misfortune, illness and even death to the offenders. Muhammad said that if people find a snake in their house, they should call out to it for three days before killing it. If the snake is a shape-shifted djinn, it will leave. If it remains after three days, it is an ordinary snake and can be killed. The Djinn can be converted to the faith, and Muhammad converted some of them by reciting the Quran to them.

Djinn life
The life span of djinn is much longer than humans, but they do die. They are both male and female, and have children. According to the Quran, they eat meat, bones, and the dung of animals. They play, sleep, and have their own pet animals, especially dogs. They live in communities organized into families and clans, and ruled by kings. Although they can live anywhere, they prefer remote and lonely places, such as deserts, ruins, caves, and tunnels. In Middle Eastern lore they also inhabit places of impurity such as graveyards, garbage dumps, bathrooms, and camel pastures. They can live in houses occupied by people. They like to sit in the places between the shade and the sunlight, and move around when the dark first comes. They also like marketplaces, and Muslim lore holds that it is not a good idea to be the first to enter a market or the last to leave it. Some djinn become attached to human beings and function like companion spirits. The joining of humans and djinn in marriage is still a practice in some parts of the world. A mixed marriage is believed to be capable of producing offspring, though this is not desirable. In lore, the Queen of Sheba, who fascinated King Solomon, was rumored to be part djinn.

Possession by djinn
Djinn are capable of possessing human beings. They are said to enter the blood stream and circulate rapidly through the body. They cause mental and physical problems, and also disrupt marriages and relationships. Asking a djinni to leave, or bargaining with it, may not be enough to get it to go, and someone who is trained may be needed to perform an exorcism to get it out of the body.

Modern experiences of djinn

Djinn encounters occur everywhere, and they may be interpreted as other entities rather than their true selves. This is especially the case in areas where little is known about them. Encounters with angels, fairies, demons, elementals, extraterrestrials, mysterious creatures and ghosts of the dead may be djinn in disguise, either playing tricks or carrying out an agenda. David Morehouse, a retired remote viewer for the U.S. military, relates in his book Psychic Warrior how a head injury enabled him to have temporary visions of djinn, normally invisible to most people. He was among American troops camped with Jordanian troops for training exercises in Jordan at Baten el Ghoul, which means Belly of the Beast.

The Jordanians considered it a haunted valley, where the demons came out at night to murder people. It was not unusual to have ones sleep interrupted by the screams and howls of frightened Jordanian soldiers who swore in the light of day that they had seen a demonBaten en Ghoul was a desolate and jagged valley carved out of the desert that spilled over from Saudi Arabia. It was renowned for its spiders. Morehouse was accidentally shot in the helmet, which left a huge lump on his head. After this, he temporarily experienced seeing the elusive djinn. He described the conditions as: Sometime in the night, my eyes opened to a surreal light outside the tent. It was like the light of an eclipsed sun and wasnt coming from any stove. It filled the night sky. The entire Baten en Ghoul and the hills beyond were bathed in the strange bluish gray light; I walked to the edge of the bluff and stared into the valley. Dark figures moved effortlessly across its floor, like apparitions. They poured from the rocks in various heaps and shapes and moved about the clusters of tents. I could hear muffled cries from the Jordanian encampment, and momentarily I thought we were being overrun by thieves or Israelis. Panicked, I turned to run for help. Colliding with one of the figures, I reflexively closed my eyes, except I didnt collide. I walked right through it. Turning around I watched the figure disappear over the edge of the bluff. After that, the lump on his head was gone. In The Vengeful Djinn (Llewellyn, 2011), authors Philip J. Imbrogno and Rosemary Ellen Guiley talk about their own experiences with the djinn, and their investigation of djinn haunted places, including in the United States. The djinn are everywhere, hiding in plain sight!

FAQS About the Djinn

By Phil Imbrogno and Rosemary Ellen Guiley The following are some of the most common questions we are asked about the Djinn. The answers are based on our research, investigations in the field, personal experiences, and reports from colleagues and individuals who have had Djinn encounters. Check back periodically we add to this in response to inquiries. Q: Where do the Djinn live? A: They exist in a parallel dimension in the physical world. They are here but in a place we cannot normally experience. It is around a bend in space, so to speak. Q: Do Djinn take human form, and how can they be recognized? A: They can shape shift into human form. Male Djinn usually take a male form and females a female form. This requires quite a bit of energy to accomplish and maintain, because they have to adjust their magnetic fields. However, the telltale sign is in the eyes, the hardest feature for them to control. The eyes turn yellow or the pupils become elongated, like a reptilian form.

Q: What other forms do Djinn take? A: As shape-shifters, probably almost anything that suits their purposes. People sometimes see them as gray mist or smoke that rapidly changes shape as they move. They also take on dark silhouettes such as Shadow People (see below). They can appear solid but go through walls, and they can appear and disappear in an instant. Q: Do Djinn eat? A: They can eat human food when they take human form, but our food does not sustain them. It gives them pleasure. They can absorb the essence of food, and things like the molecules from tobacco smoke, which provide enjoyment. Their main source of nourishment is the absorption of energy from life forms. The best is the draining of a soul, but is difficult to do and is considered unlawful. It is, however, practiced by certain powerful renegrade Djinn. The vampiric absorption of the life force can be quite detrimental to people, and cause health problems. Q: Do the Djinn ever sing or whistle? A: Yes, the Djinn have their own music and language, and they do sing and whistle, just like people. Sometimes we hear them. Their own language sounds like a mixture of Latin and ancient tongues from the Middle East, such as Sumerian. Q: Do the Djinn create poltergeist disturbances? A: Yes, if it suits their purposes. They can make noises, smells, apparitional forms, shadow people forms, and apports objects that appear out of nowhere. Q: Can the Djinn cause nightmares? A: Yes, they can cause unpleasant dreams, especially dreams that are real experiences in an alternate reality. When they wish to manipulate and control, they are capable of interfering in sleep. Q: Can the Djinn influence thoughts? A: Yes, they can affect moods and thoughts, and they can influence aperson according to that persons own inclinations but they cannot influence or cause people to act against their own free will. The Djinn have free will, too. Q: Can the Djinn cause physical injury? A: Yes, but they take such actions only when they feel they or their family or clan have been harmed or wronged by a person, much as a human would react in a protective way. In rare cases, they can cause harm in several ways. One is like an electrical shock to the system. Also, they can knock a person down, cause things to fall on him, and alter his body to cause illness. Hostile or renegrade Djinn can act out in unprovoked aggressive ways just as criminal human

beings do. Malevolent Djinn are often called devils, but they are not the equivalent to the Western concept of demons. Q: How can you tell the difference between a Djinni and a demon? A: Its often hard to tell the difference, as the Djinn are artful at masquerades. Sometimes they are identified through a process of elimination in terms of expulsion remedies. Djinn are more likely to communicate with people than some other kind of entities, and especially in a derisive way. Psychically sensitive people develop the ability to sense the distinctive Djinn energy signatures. Q: Can the Djinn possess people? A: Djinn prefer to attach to the bodys field of energy rather than enter and possibly become entrapped in the body itself. They can take over a person to alter mood and behavior. Q: Are the Shadow People really Djinn? A: We have been studying Shadow People for many years and have come to the conclusion that this is a form taken by Djinn when they want to visit people while they are sleeping, for the purpose of obtaining some sort of information from them, by probing into their minds and brains. The Shadow People often manifest as the silhouette of a tall man wearing a coat or cape and sometimes a hat. There are no facial features. Q: Are there ways to minimize Djinn visitations? A: Like dealing with all kind of entities, one must often experiment to find an effective solution, as results vary by individual. However, many people have found that leaving lights, radios and television sets on dampen down paranormal experiences in general. The fields of energy generated by these devices may interfere with the energy fields of the Djinn, as well as other kinds of entities. Some people also have success with prayer, and with forcefully telling the intruders to leave. Q: How do you exorcize the Djinn? A: Many techniques are advertised, but it has been acknowledged by Middle Eastern scholars for centuries that if the Djinn dont want to go, there is little one can do to force them out. Some may agree to go with bargaining and persuasion, and some may agree to go as a ruse, only to return at a later time. Some may go if they fear punishment from more powerful Djinn or angels, who can be invoked against them. The ancient practice of beating a demoniac may make the physical body too unpleasant for them. Some of them have an ancient and strong attachment to the land and can resist dislodgment. It is a mistake for Christian demonologists to think that remedies applied against Satanic demons will always work against the Djinn. In some cases, they might be effective, but in others they will not. Q: Are there any Djinn who want to be helpful to humans?

A: Djinn come in all persuasions, attitudes and mindsets, just like humans. Not all of them are hostile or unfriendly. Some are indifferent and dont want to be bothered with us, and an even smaller number may be inclined to be helpful, provided it serves their own interests as well. However, the final word is, none of them can be trusted. They should not be equated with spiritual guides or angels. Q: Do Djinn reincarnate? A: As far as we know, no. They live very long lifespans, hundreds of perhaps even thousands of years. Like humans, they have the potential to ascend to an enlightened state of being.

Types of Djinn
Adapted from The Vengeful Djinn by Rosemary Ellen Guiley and Philip J. Imbrogno, Llewellyn, 2011 There are different types of djinn; the Quran mentions only three: Djinn, ifrit, and marid. Other names include jann, ghul, shaitans, hinn, nasnas, shiqq, silat, and a host of others. The names above vary depending on the region in the Middle Eastern country. Some of the best-known Djinn are:

Ghul

The ghul (ghoul) are shape-shifting cannibalistic and blood-drinking creatures that feed on the flesh of human beings, especially travelers, children or corpses stolen out of graves. The oldest references to ghul in Arabian lore are found in The Book of 1001 Nights. There are several types of ghul. The most feared is a female type (ghula) which has the ability to appear as a normal, mortal woman. According to lore, such a creature marries an unsuspecting man, who becomes her prey. The ghul are nocturnal creatures who inhabit graveyards, ruins and other lonely places. Sometimes they are described as dead humans who sleep for long periods in secret graves, then awake, rise and feast on both the living and the dead. Ghul also personify the unknown terrors held by the desert. In Persian lore the ghul has the legs of a donkey and the horns of a goat.

Hinn
The hinn are weak djinn, close to animals, and they especially like to appear as dogs.

Ifrit
The ifrit (variation: afrit) is cited only once in the Quran, in reference to a djinni who fetched the throne of the Queen of Sheba at the command of King Solomon. In lore, it is evil and powerful, and difficult to control.

Jann
Jann are shape-shifters who lives in the desert, and take the forms of whirlwinds and white camels. They are open-minded about humans, and were among the first djinn encountered by people. They have the power to hide or reveal oases in the desert, depending on whether they like or dislike a party of travelers. They are the enemies of the ghul.

Marid
The marid is unruly and rebellious, and the most powerful of djinn. The marida (plural) possess great knowledge of magic and have assisted kings and priests. They are also known as blue djinn and are the ones most often associated with wish-granting genies.

Nasnas
The nasnas is another weak form of djinn, hybrids of human-like and animal-like forms, and may account for some of our encounters with mysterious creatures. It is described in The Book of 1001 Nights as a half- human being, that is, it has half a head, half a body, one arm, one leg. It hops about on its single leg. The nasnas was said to be the offspring of a shiqq (see below) and a human being.

Palis
The palis is a vampiric foot-licker that lives in the desert. It has low intelligence and can be easily outwitted, according to lore. It attacks sleeping people and drains their blood by licking the soles of their feet. It can be fooled by two people sleeping end to end with their soles of their feet together or under each others head.

Shaitan
The shaitan (shaytan) is a rebellious, malevolent djinni associated with demonic forces.

Shiqq

The shiqq is a lower form of djinn, a half creature,or literally only half-formed and thus monstrous in appearance.

Silat
The silat are expert shape-shifters and the smartest of the djinn. They can mimic human appearance with ease.

Colors
Djinn are also denoted by colors:
Blue

Older, intelligent djinn, often ambivalent about humans.

Yellow

Leaders of families and small clans. Less powerful than Blue but more powerful than Green.
Green

Young and immature djinn, ofter playful and mischievous.

Black

Powerful djinn, thought to be kings. It is not known if there is one king or multiple ones.
Red

Hostile and aggressive djinn.

Iblis
[Compiled from The Vengeful Djinn by Rosemary Ellen Guiley and Philip J. Imbrogno and The Encyclopedia of Demons & Demonology and The Encyclopedia of Angels by Rosemary Ellen Guiley. Copyright 2010.] In Islam, Iblis serves the same function as the Devil, tempting humans to make the wrong spiritual choices. The name Iblis means despair or he who is despaired. Iblis is also the chief and father of the Djinn. He can assume any form. Iblis is mentioned nine times in the Quran; seven of the references concern his fall from Gods grace. His other name, Shaytan (Shaitan), or the deceiver, , is used in context of his rebellion

against God. Sura al-Kahf 18.50 in the Quran states that Iblis was one of the djinn, and he broke the command his Lord. As a djinni, Iblis was created by God of smokeless fire. Suras 7.12 and 38.76 refer to his creation from fire. Why Iblis fell from grace When Allah created Adam, he ordered all the angels to prostrate themselves before him, which they did. Iblis (who is identified as a Djinni in the Quran) refused, claiming that a being made of dust was beneath him, a being of fire. Allah cursed Iblis for his pride and threw him out of heaven. Iblis persuaded Allah to delay further punishment until the Day of Judgement. God gave him the right to roam the earth tempting people, and to destroy those who yield to temptation. He cannot compel people to sin, but only lure them to make the choice. He is aided by the devils (Djinn) who serve under him. In another legend, in a time before the creation of humankind, Allah sent his angels down to earth to destroy the Djinn, who were rebelling against divine laws. The angels killed most of them, and captured Iblis, whom they took up to heaven and educated him. The remaining Djinn formed a new nation. Iblis, who wanted power, left heaven to become their king. In the mystical tradition of the Sufis, Iblis refused to bow to Adam because he could only bow to God. Thus, Iblis represented the perfect lover, a model of loyalty and devotion who would rather be separated from God and Gods will than united with God against Gods will. In a 14thcentury Syrian legend, Iblis actually assisted in the creation of Adam by gathering sweet and salty matter from the earth. Another story tells how Iblis tempted Eve. He succeeded in smuggling himself into paradise by promising any animal who carried him in that he would bestow upon it three magical words that would guarantee immortality. The serpent agreed, and carried Iblis into Paradise hidden in its mouth. Iblis spoke to Eve from within the mouth. The fall of Iblis is similar to the fall of Lucifer in the book of Isaiah in the Bible. Lucifer is cast from heaven because of his pride, and one-third of the angels follow him to earth. These fallen angels became synonymous with demons, whose job it is to torment people and tempt them into sin. Iblis as the angel Azazel In some early accounts of the Djinn, Iblis was once a powerful angel by the name of Azazel. The name Azazel means God strengthens. He originally may have been a Semitic god of the flocks who became demonized. Azazel is associated with the ritual of scapegoating as an expiation of sin, as described in Leviticus 16. In verse nine, God instructs Moses that his brother Aaron shall take two goats and sacrifice one to the Lord for sin. The second goat is for Azazel, and is to be presented live to the Lord for atonement, and then sent into the wilderness to the demon. This reference to the wilderness has led to beliefs that Azazel was a demon of the desert. The desert is also considered to be the home of Iblis when he is allowed to enter our world.

In The Apocalypse of Abraham, Azazel is the angel of disgrace, lies, evil, wrath and trials. He is the lord of hell, who is confined to earth by God because he became enamored with it. In Judaic lore, Azazel figures prominently in folktales, along with another fallen angel, Semyaza (Semyaz, Shemhazai). Azazel refuses to bow to Adam when he is presented to God and the heavenly hierarchies. Islamic lore also tells of Azazel refusing to bow down to Adam, and so God casts him out of heaven and changes him into the Djinn Iblis. Although the angelic origin of Iblis contradicts Islamic beliefs, it is still considered by some scholars as an origin for this rebellious spirit. According to Islamic belief, the evil that exists in the multiverse is due to corrupt humans and Djinn who have turned their back on Allah. Demons, fairies, ghosts, demonic possession and even sightings of aliens are believed to be the work of Djinn, or in some cases, spiritually corrupt humans who have joined Iblis. If we take into account the reality of the existence of the Djinn, then we can understand the great diversity of the paranormal. Rarely do Djinn present their true identity to us. Instead, they enjoy taking on many disguises. Many Djinn merely play a harmless game with us for their amusement, but some have a more deadly agenda. Stories about the Djinn reveal a long history of perceived injustices and indignities from their perspective, creating valid reasons for many of them to plot against humanity. Believing themselves to be wronged by God in favor of human beings, some Djinn have carried a deep grudge for millennia, and look for ways to strike back. ###

The Djinn and Channeling

The Djinn and Channeling

Adapted from The Interdimensional Universe by Philip J. Imbrogno, Llewellyn, 2008 The Djinn exist between the universe of light and matter, and according to legend the entire race was placed there by the angels because of things they did that upset the balance of the universe. In the legends of many cultures the Djinn are called the con men of creation since they will do whatever it takes to come into the physical universe where they will be all powerful and enjoy in delighting in a multitude of physical pleasures. The Native Americans as well as other tribal cultures called them the great tricksters and it was considered to be very dangerous for an individual to open communication with them. Some of the Djinn seem to be docile and want no connection with the physical universe, while others are just plain nasty and will do whatever they have to for the fulfillment of their goals and desires. Over the many years of my research into the channeling craze and other types of paranormal phenomena, I have come to the conclusion that over 95% of all authentic channeling is done by the Djinn. This is a low number, since I consider 87% of all channelers (based on my research from field investigations) to draw mostly on their own imaginations. When channeling, the Djinn will take the identity of an extraterrestrial or an angel and sometimes even come through as a loved one who has passed over. Whatever the person channeling is expecting or believes the

Djinn will take on that form and identity. The Djinn seem to want to use the channel and the other people who attend to draw energy to establish a foot hold in our dimension. Djinn are an order of beings separate from humans and angels and we have very little understanding of them because they stay hidden from us. The Djinn are without doubt the intelligence behind many paranormal events that have been recorded over the years and responsible for part of the UFO experience, especially in the form of psychic contact. The word Djinn means hidden. They appear to want to stay hidden and cover up their true identity. According to ancient Middle Eastern stories, the Djinn have free will and many of them, when compared to human beings, have great power. They can appear as human while others can take the forms of strange creatures which, by the way, are often reported in the paranormal area of study called cryptozoology. Writer and paranormal researcher John Keel (famous for his many books on strange phenomena, including The Mothman Prophecies) was the first to identify the cause of many UFO encounters as creatures from another dimension (see his book UFOs: Operation Trojan Horse). It must be understood that we share our planet with a great multitude of unseen beings. Once you identify the role of the Djinn, the high strangeness parts of the UFO phenomena such as channeling, Bigfoot, Mothman, poltergeists and the so-called ascended masters who communicate through certain psychics, becomes clear. Though created from smokeless fire, Djinn in their normal form look half human and half reptile. Originally they were thought to be spirits of nature who often played tricks on susceptible humans. The Djinn can be agents of good and evil (just like every other living being in the universe), however most are evil and enjoy punishing humans because they feel that God placed humankind in a better place. In ancient times accidents, disease and untimely deaths were thought to be the result of a wrathful Djinn. The Djinn can only enter our dimension through a human conduit or host, most likely a person who has active or dormant psychic abilities. The Djinn are said to posses the power to heal, change shape, control the elements of nature, create illusions and control the minds of people who accept them. This is why the Djinn, when channeling through a human host, will often identify themselves as extraterrestrials, angels or loved ones who have died in order to get the confidence of the people in the channeling session. Read more about the Djinn in The Vengeful Djinn by Rosemary Ellen Guiley and Philip J. Imbrogno, Llewellyn, 2011.

Resources About the Djinn

Resources About the Djinn

Books
Ahmad, Salim. An Invisible World: Revealing the Mystery Behind the World of Jinn. Privately published, www.booksurge.com, 2008.

Al-Ashqar, Umar Sulaiman, The World of the Jinn and Devils. Boulder, CO: Al Basheer Co., 1998. Boddy, Janice. Wombs and Alien Spirits: Women, Men and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989. Dreiser, Barbara. Living with Djinns: Understanding and Dealing with the Invisible in Cairo. London: SAQI, 2008. E.J. Brills First Encyclopedia of Islam 1913-1936. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 1993. El-Zein, Amira. Islam, Arabs, and the Intelligent World of the Jinn. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2009. Guiley, Rosemary Ellen. The Encyclopedia of Demons & Demonology. New York: Facts On File, 2009.Ibn Ibraaheem Ameen, Abul-Mundir Khaleel. The Jinn & Human Sickness: Remedies in the Light of the Quraan & Sunnah. London: Darussalam, 2005. Ibn Taymeeyahs Essay on the Jinn (Demons). Abridged annotated and translated by Dr. Abu Ammenah Bilal Philips. New Delhi: Islamic Books Service, 2002. Imbrogno, Philip J. Files from the Edge: A Paranormal Investigators Explorations of High Strangeness. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn, 2010. ___________. Interdimensional Universe: The New Science of UFOs, Paranormal Phenomena and Other Dimensional Beings. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn, 2008. Jawaid, Mahmood. Secrets of Angels, Demons, Satan and Jinns: Decoding Their Nature through Quran and Science. Self-published, 2006. Lane, Edward William. The Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians. London: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1908. Lebling, Robert. Legends of the Fire Spirits: Jinn and Genies from Arabia to Zanzibar. London: IB Tauris, 2010. OBrien, Christopher. Stalking the Tricksters: Shapeshifters, Skinwalkers, Dark Adepts and 2012. Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 2009. _____________. Secrets of the Mysterious Valley. Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 2007. Seymour, John D. Tales of King Solomon. London: Oxford University Press, 1924.

Internet

The Quran in English

http://quran.com/ http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran Robert Lebling, an authority on Djinn, has the following three Internet sites for the posting of news and discussions:
1. The Jinn Group, Facebook

http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=201791054537
2. The Jinn Group, Yahoo

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/jinn/
3. The Jinn Group, Grouply

http://jinn.grouply.com/