INSTRUCTION SET, MACHINE CODE AND ADDRESSING MODE

MNEMONICS, OPCODES AND ASSEMBLER LANGUAGES

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THE INSTRUCTION SET OF THE 8088/8086

Data transfer instruction transfers data between memory and registers within the microprocessor or between internal registers ex: MOV instruction Arithmetic instruction performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, compare and other mathematical operations ex: ADD instruction Logic instruction
performs

logic instructions including AND, OR and XOR instructions ex: RCL instruction

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THE INSTRUCTION SET OF THE 8088/8086

String manipulation instruction for all this instruction the memory source is DS:DI and the memory destination is ES:DI ex: CMPS instruction Control transfer instruction decision making group where a decision depends on a previous result such as a mathematical outcome ex: INT instruction Processor control instruction
used

to control the operation of the processor and set or clear the status indicators ex: HLT instruction

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SOFTWARE (INSTRUCTION)
Op-code

identifies the operation that is to be performed

Operand

the data that are to be processed

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SOFTWARE (MACHINE CODE)

Address

Op-code and operand

Label

Mnemonic

Comments

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SOFTWARE (MACHINE CODE)

Address Op-code and operand Label Mnemonic Comments

Location of the op-code and related data.

Hex code for instruction and related hex data.

A reference point given a name to help relate the program to a flow chart.

Manufactur ers mnemonic for that instruction.

Anything to help understand how the program works. The semicolon identifies the start of a comment.

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ADDRESSING MODE 8088/8086

Addressing

mode: Used to describe the way a particular instruction lets the microprocessor know where the source or destination is located Method of specifying an operand

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ADDRESSING MODE 8088/8086

The

addressing modes are categorized into three types: 1. Register addressing mode 2. Immediate addressing mode 3. Memory addressing mode

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ADDRESSING MODE 8088/8086

Five

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

memory addressing mode: Direct addressing mode Register indirect addressing mode Based addressing mode Indexed addressing mode Based-indexed addressing mode

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ADDRESSING MODE 8088/8086

Register

Addressing Mode Register addressing is an addressing mode where the source and the destination are both register. Ex: MOV DS, AX ;copy AX into DS

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ADDRESSING MODE 8088/8086

Immediate

Addressing Mode Immediate addressing is the addressing mode where the required data(operand) is part of the instruction. Ex: MOV AX, 1000H ;load AX with 1000H

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ADDRESSING MODE 8088/8086

Direct

Addressing Mode Direct (absolute, extended etc) is an addressing mode where the operand specifies the source or the destination. Ex: MOV CX, [1234H] ;move content in 1234H into CX

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ADDRESSING MODE 8088/8086

Register

Indirect Addressing Mode Storing the memory address in a pointer or index register (SP,BP,SI,or DI). Ex: MOV [SI],00FFH ;load data 00FF into address that stored in SI

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ADDRESSING MODE 8088/8086

Based

Addressing Mode The effective address of the operand is obtained by adding a direct or indirect displacement to the contents of either base register BX or base pointer register BP Ex: MOV [BX] + 1243H, AL

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ADDRESSING MODE 8088/8086

Indexed

Addressing Mode Use the value of displacement as a pointer to the starting point of an array of data in memory and the contents of the specified register as an index that select specific element in the array that is to be accessed. Ex: MOV AL, [SI] + 2000H

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ADDRESSING MODE 8088/8086

Based-Indexed

Addressing Mode Use to access complex data structures such as two-dimensional array Ex: MOV AH, [BX] [SI] + 1234H