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SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON Thermal POWER PLANT OVERVIEW AT

VEDANTA ALUMINIUM LIMITED, JHARSUGUDA By Kuldeep

21stJune 2011 06th august 2011

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CERTIFICATE
Thi s is t o certi fy that the project entitl ed

Thermal Power Plant Overview

i s a bonafi de record of work carri ed out by Mr. Kuldeep of B. Tech. six th semest er NGF Coll ege of Engineeri ng and Technol ogy, Pal wal , under my guidance in partial f ulfil ment of t he requi rements f or the t rai ni ng programme at Vedanta Al uminium Ltd. (CPP)

GattuRambhav Vice President Power) Vedanta Aluminium Ltd. Jharsuguda.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take immense pleasure in thanking Mr. GattuRambhav (VP Power) CPP( 9x135MW ), Mr. Koustav R. Kundu (AVP HR) and Mr. Sunil Srivastava ( Head L & D) and for having permitted me to carry out this project work. I would also like to extend my special thanks to Mr. G.S. Rao (GM CPP), and Mr. ManasTyagi (Head - Operations), who had been a source of inspiration and for their timely guidance in the conduct of our project work. I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my coordinator, Mr. SumeetVerma (AM Operations) for his able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped me in completing the project work, in time. Words are inadequate in offering my thanks to the complete staff at CPP for their encouragement, cooperation and contribution in carrying out the project work.

ManasTyagi Head - Operations

Kuldeep

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PLANT OVERVIEW

CPP BIRDS EYEVIEW

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Contents :
1. Introduction to CPP 2. Boiler introduction 3. Water and steam circuit 4. Turbine introduction 5. Air and flue gas system 6. Pulverized coal system 7. SH and RH system 8. Boiler drains 9. Deareator feed water system 10. Main and reheat system 11. HP LP by - pass system 12. Condensate water system 13. Circulation water system 14. Turbine lube oil system 15. Gland sealing system 16. Generator water cooling system 17. Protection philosophy 18. Boiler protections 19. Turbine protections 20. Electrical protections

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1 3 5 7 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 28 30

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INTRODUCTION :

VEDANTA ALUMINIUM LIMITED CPP(9x135MW)

The CPP(Captive Power Plant) of Vedanta Aluminium Limited,Jharsuguda has a total installed capacity of 1215 MW. (9x135MW) consisting five units in phase#1 and four units in phase#2, with a central control room for each phase. CPP is meant to supply power to the smelter plant#1 which concludes two potlines,The power requirement for each pot line is 425MWand 125 mw is required to run the auxiliaries of both the pot lines. The 8%i.e. 97.2 MW of the total installed capacity (1215 MW) is consumed in the operation of the auxiliaries of the nine units. The balance and available power is exported to the grid, i.e. 142.8 MW, which is connected to the Budhipadar substation of OPTCL. CPP gets the coal supply from MCL through rack and truck supply mode. The daily consumption for coal is 2421 Tonnes (GCV 3300Kcal/Kg) for each unit per day, for nine units it is total 21789 tonnes of coal per day. Coal is supplied to the bunkers through conveyors after crushing up to a size of 20mm in crushers. The ash generated is taken to the ash dye through the HCSD system. And the hot flue gases are discharged to atmosphere through a common stack for five units in phase#1 and for four units in phase#2 of height 275 meters, After collection in ESP (Electrostatic Precipitators)

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Raw water is supplied from Hirakud Dam which is supported by a pumping station at Pitapally village, and is stored in a reservoir at CPP. Condenser water is cooled by cooling towers been supplied by Paharpur Cooling Towers Ltd. which consists of five CT fans per unit of induced draft type. Total water flow in condenser is 21596 m per hour per condenser at a pressure of 0.20Mpa, supported by two CW pumps, through a sump of depth 6.9 meters. For steam production the DM water is produced by DM plant having three streams having a capacity of 250 tonnes per hour. Two storage tanks of 1500m capacity. It is supplied to plant through three DM pumps maintaining a pressure of 0.35Mpa. The power flow is handled by a 220KV switchyard with double bus bar system containing nine generator transformers, four station transformers, two grid feeders, four smelter feeders and it is also connected to IPP (4x600MW) through two feeders. Switchyard have a common control room for both the phases. Plant local operation and maintenance facility is provided by the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO).

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INTRODUCTION TO BOILER :

The boilers installed in CPP are super high pressure, balance draft, once reheat, natural circulation,pulverised fuel fired boiler, with single furnace, corner tangential firing, all-steel overhung construction and with dry-ash furnace. The boilers are manufactured by SHANGHAI ELECTRIC CO. LIMITED. Boilers are super high pressure boilers with boiler drum pressure 15.66MPa. The boilers are balance draft boilers. Two primary air fans, two secondary air fans and two induced draft fans are installed to balance the system. The coal for combustion is supplied from the coal handling plants by the help of conveyor belts. The coal comes into the bunkers and to the mill coal through coal feeders. The pulverisers or the mills pulverise the coal up to 70 micron size for a proper combustion. Four mills are installed for one boiler. Three mills operate in normal conditions and fourth mill is in standby mode, and is for guaranteed performance in any odd situation. The primary air carries the coal from the mill to the boiler furnace. The boiler furnace is kept under negative pressure as it increases the time for the coal to burn completely andno combustible particle should not go out unburnt. Boiler generates 440 tonnes of steam per hour at a pressure of 14.28 Mpaat a rated condition, coming out of boiler through two pipes installed with stop valves. Boiler consists of pressure parts such as DSH (Divisional Superheater), LTSH (Low Temperature Superheater), PSH (Platen superheater), FSH (Final Superheater), Wall reheater, PRH (Platen Reheater), FRH ( FinalReheater).
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Boiler outer view :

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Boiler steam and water circuit :

Feed water piping Economizer Steam drumDowncomers Water-cooled wall tubesteam and water mixture outlet riser pipes Steam drum Furnace roof C header second pass front, left and right walls (Making a bottom ring header) I header Butterfly header Second pass roof header (Interconnection with c header) second pass rear wall and connecting to bottom ring header of second pass Low temperaturesuperheater1stStage spraytype attemperator Divisional superheater nd Platensuperheater2 Stage spray type attemperator Last stage or final superheater Main steam pipe High-pressure cylinder Exhaust connecting pipeReheater Emergency spray type attemperator Wall reheater Platen reheater Last stage or final reheater Reheated steam piping outlet Medium pressure turbine Low pressure turbine Condenser Water formation Condensate extraction pump Gland steam condenserLP heater #7LP heater #6LP heater #5 LP heater#4Deaerator Boiler feed pumpHP heater #2HP heater#1 Feed water pipingEconomiser Drum.

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Boiler Technical Specifications :


i. ii. Manufacture Type SHANGHAI ELECTRIC CO. LTD. Single reheat, Natural Circulation, Single Drum, Balance Draft, Corner tangential firing, All steal Overhung & Dry Bottom Furnace. Tilting Tangential. Drum ( Operating) SH O/L ( Operating) RH O/L(Operating ) iv. Water Volume, M Generating Surface Drum Economiser Super Heater Reheater Total Water Volume v. Heating Surface m Economiser Super Heater Reheater Water wall Steam Cooled Roof Steam cooled Wall Total Heating Surface 15.66 M Pa(g) 14.28MPa 2.53 MPa : 70.50 30.5 29.5 85 40.9 265.4

ii. iii.

Type of firing Pressure

3746 6380 1613 1654 235 867 14495 M

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Turbine Introduction :

The steam turbine installed is a super-high pressure, reheat and double exhaust, tandem compound reaction condensing unit, whose features are combined HP cylinder and IP cylinder, inverted flow path arrangement. The LP cylinder is a radial diffusing type with double exhausts for purpose of reducing axial length of turbine and lowering resistance by the greatest extent. The turbine is supported on three points. The connection between HP-IP rotor and LP rotor is provided by rigid a coupling which is machined integrally with the turbine rotor. This construction guarantees the stability of bearings during operation. The LP rotor and generator rotor are connected by a semi-flexible coupling so that the turbine rotor can expand and contract taking thrust bearing of middle bearing pedestal as dead point. Whereas, HP-IP cylinder expands and contracts to the front taking the cross point of longitudinal key and transverse key on middle bearing pedestal as dead point. The LP outer cylinder expands backward taking its front end as dead point. The overall unit length is 13.5 m and located on the operating floor at an elevation of 9m. Both sides of the forepart are provided with the combination of HP main stop valve and HP governing valve, which are located on the supporting frame of main stop valve. Four governing valves are connected with steam inlets on the HP cylinder via four flexible HP admission pipes. The governing valve is controlled by servomotor.
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The HP nozzle block is composed of four nozzles segment. Each governing valve regulates the inlet flow for its corresponding nozzle segment. The rated output (135MW) is reached when three valves opens fully. The fourth nozzle segment is reserved for guaranteed performance in summer or low parameter. The HP-IP cylinder is a single-shell casing, with a single-row control stage and 13 pressure stages in the HP section of reaction type and one governing stage of impulse type There is an extraction after the 10th stage for supplying steam to HP heater#1. The exhaust steam from HP section enters the reheater after passing through two outlets on the lower cylinder and HP exhaust check valve, and then the steam is partially sent back to the HP heater#2 as regenerative extraction steam. The reheated steam enters the combined reheat valve which is controlled by 2 servomotors in left-right arrangement via two pipes, and then goes into IP section via two rigid admission crossover pipes. The IP section has 13 pressure stages, with a third extraction point after 7th stage leading to the deaerator and 4th extraction point after 10th stage directed to the LP heater #4. The 5th extraction point is equipped on the lower half of IP exhaust section from which steam is directed to LP heater #5. The LP cylinder is double flow and double exhaust type, and equipped with the 3rd stage and 5th stage extraction points, respectively leading to LP heater #6 which is connected with the condenser via pipes and LP heater#7 inside the condenser (built-in type).
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The LP cylinder is equipped with a low-load water spray device with atomizing nozzle appearance. The water will be automatically injected when the exhaust steam temperature is over 80 degree Celsius, assuring the normal operation of the unit. The normal barring gear speed is 7-9 rpm, however it is also possible to turn it at a speed of 60rpm. The turbines rotor is turned by electromotor after speed drop by using this barring gear.

Turbine Overview :

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Turbine technical specifications :

i.

MAKE

SANGHAI

TURBINE CO.LTD

TYPE

Tandem Compound, Regenerative,Reheat,Cylinder having single flow HP Turbine, Single flow IP Turbine , Double flow double Cylinder LP Turbine HPT - 13+1( Governing stage ), IPT - 13, LPT - 6x2. HPT - Reaction, Barrel Type, single Flow IPT - Reaction, Barrel Type, single Flow LPT- Reaction, Barrel Type, Double Flow 135MW 145.117MW 3000 RPM 0.1 Clockwise as seen from Turbine to Generator

ii. iii. No of Stages-

iv. TYPE

v. Nominal Rating vi. Peak Loading vii. Rated Spead Over Speed Set viii. value Direction of ix. rotation

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Boiler area auxiliaries :

Air and flue gas system :


For combustion in boiler and to take out the products, this system is employed. This system contains two ID fans, two FD fans two PA fans. The primary air fans supply the air which carries the coal from the pulverisers to the boiler furnace. The FD fans supply the secondary air which passes through the aiepreheater and helps in the combustion of the coal. The induced draft fans take out combustion products from the boiler furnace. This whole system is called the balance draft system. Circuit : PA fan APH Hot PA Mills Boiler furnace (Along with coal) PA fan Cold PA Mills Boiler furnace (Along with coal) FD fan APH Boiler furnace Boiler furnace Hot flue gases through out boiler APH ID fan Stack

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Pulverised coal system :

The milling system is to support the supply of pulverised coal fuel to the boiler with the help of PA fans. The total air is devided into two parts i.e. hot PA is meant for carrying and drying the coal. And cold PA is for maintaining mill outlet temperature. Passing through classifier going to boiler furnace. Circuit : Bunker Feeder Mills Boiler furnace(Along with hot PA)

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Superheater/Reheatersystem :
The saturated steam is coming out of the boiler, in order to enhance its enthalpy content, we are giving a superheat to this steam with the help of superheaters. Then entering to HP turbine and again for reheating going to the reheater. There are various stages for SH i.e. LTSH, DSH, PSH and FSH. Similarly for RH i.e. FWRH, PRH and FRH. This system ensures the desired superheat in the steam supply. Circuit : Drum LTSH DSH PSH FSH HPT HPT Exhaust FWRH PRH FRH IPT LPT

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Boiler drains :
Boiler drains includes PBD, CBD, EBD. They are used for different purposes : PBD and CBD : For maintaining the SiO level in the SH steam. CBD is continuous while the PBD is periodic blow down. EBD : This blow down is for protection purpose. If drum level goes to 100MM then it will get open and when level is coming down to 50MM, it is closed in auto mode. Circuit :

Boiler drum CBD IBD tank Atmosphere


Boiler drum EBD IBD tank Atmosphere Boiler drum PBD IBD tank Atmosphere

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Turbine Area Auxiliaries : Deaerator feed water system :


The water being fed to boiler starting from deareator after removal of O, through BFP and passing through HPH#2 and HPH#1 to get heated through regenerative feed system is known as feed water system. Extraction for HPH#2 is from CRH line and for HPH#1 it is from HPT 10th stage. Boiler drum level is controlled through this system by varying the scoop tube of the BFP hydro coupling. Circuit : Deareator BFP HPH#2 HPH#1 FRS station Economiser Drum

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Main and reheat steam system :


This system performs the task for supplying the superheated steam and reheated steam to the HPT and IPT through pipes with an arrangement of stop valves and control valves. HPT : Two stop valves and four control valves. IPT : Two stop cum control valves, they are full open always but starts closing below the 30% load on the turbine. Means they stop valves only but work as control valves below 30% load. Circuit : FSH HPT CRH RH HRH IPT LPT Condenser

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HP and LP bypass system :

This system is a vital for unit start up and as well for protection also. The by pass system is designed for handling 70% of the steam generated at BMCR i.e. 440 tonnes per hour. During start up, it helps in getting the parameter matching for turbine rolling. And for protection purpose, it helps to open when turbine inlet pressure reaches to 13.93Mpa. Circuit : MS line HP by-pass valve CRH RH LP by-pass valve IPT LPT Condenser

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Condensate water cooling system :


After LPT exhaust the steam get dump into the condenser and converted into water. This water is again to be reused and supplied through CEP, passing through LP heaters and going to the deareator for oxygen removal. The rated deareator inlet temperature is 147C. Circuit : CST tank Hot well CEP GSC LPH#7 LPH#6 LPH#5 LPH#4 Deareator

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Circulation water system :


This system serves the purpose to cool the condenser tubes and ultimately to create vacuum in condenser. And the hot water again goes to cooling towers for getting cool, comprising five CT fans for each unit. The rated condenser inlet temperature is 32.50C at 0.20Mpa. Circuit : CW pump Condenser water box Risers Cooling tower deck CT basin CW sump CW pump

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Turbine lube oil system :


The function of turbine lube oil system is to supply lube oil to bearings, generator bearing and turning gear device, as well as governing and safety system. The control system EH adopts HP fire resistant fluid. This system is composed of following main equipment: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Main oil pump : At front bearing pedestal Oil ejector : Suction to MOP Oil filter : Lube oil line Oil cooler : Lube oil line Oil reservoir : 28M Auxiliary oil pump : Two no.s AC and DC supply driven Jacking oil system : For turning purpose

Circuit : Injector MOP Governing system Septrum valve Injector MOP Lube oil cooler Lube oil filter turbine bearings Return to MOT Injector ACLOP or DCLOP or MOP Lube oil cooler Lube oil filter JOP Turbine bearings Return to MOT

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GLAND SEALING STEAM SYSTEM :


The function of gland sealing system is to prevent leakage of air into, or steam from the cylinder at the rotor extension. When steam turbine starts up or operates at low load, the steam supplying to the system comes from power plant auxiliary steam. The steam enters the steam supply header through steam supply regulating valve and then flows into steam supply chamber of the gland from steam supply header branch via strainer. Exhaust pressure of HP-IP cylinder is gradually rising with increase of the load of the turbine. When exhaust pressure is higher than the steam supplying chamber and the steam in the sealing ring flows in the reverse, the steam is exhausted from the supply chamber through supply header to LP gland sealing. Then, steam supply regulating valve is gradually turned smaller until off based on the changes of the gland header pressure. If the header pressure is rising continuously, spillover valve will be turned on; surplus sealing steam is spilled to the condenser.

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Generator water cooling system :


In our generator the stator as well rotor are cooled by DM water. For this there are two pumps employed ( one running and one standby ). Supplying DM water to rotor at 0.32Mpa and to stator at 0.40Mpa. The chemical parameters for this water are most important such as :
Name Cooling water quantity of the stator winding Cooling water quantity of the rotorwinding Water inlet pressure of the rotorwinding Water inlet pressure of the statorwinding Water inlet pressure of the statorclamping ring Conductivity PH value of the inlet water of winding Unit m3/h m3/h Mpa Mpa Mpa S/cm Normal 36 21 0.3 0.3 0.3 5 7~9

Circuit : GCW tank GCW pump Cooler Filter Stator and rotor cooling pipes Generator stator and rotor coils Return headers GCW tank

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Protection philosophy :
While running an equipment, it's safe and reliable operation is required to achieve the strategic goals. But there are certain situations, which are coming in the way along that our machine could get damage. In those unwanted situations, we have to safeguard our system from those damages as well to minimise the possible threats which can harm the system.

So we have already recognised some of the reasons for possible damages and a procedure is coming into picture called as protection, which is acting to safeguard our system from possible harmful effects.

So widely the protections are classified for Boiler, Turbine and Generator. Here is a brief description for each one.

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Boiler protections :

A no. of threats are recognised in boiler area under which its need to shut down the boiler to avoid from possible damages, they are :

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MFT on loss of all FD fans : It acts when both the FD fans trip together because there is no air available for combustion and also the furnace implosion may occur, so MFT necessary. MFT on loss of all ID fans : It acts when both the ID fans trip together because there is no power available for taking out the combustion products and still there is fire in boiler, so furnace explosion may happen. So MFT necessary. MFT on APH trip : It acts when both the APH trips together because already combustion process going on and the hot flue gases coming out of boiler and if APH stops rotating, then the baskets in APH will melt due to high temperature. So MFT necessary. MFT on furnace pressure overlimited : We are keeping furnace pressure at negative side but if It goes too high or too low, then furnace explosion or implosion can come in to picture. So MFT mandatory. Its tripping values are 1700Pa. If it acts in negative side that too LL, then ID fan will also trip. And if it acts in positive side that too HH, then FD fan will also trip. MFT on steam drum level over limited : This protection acts when the drum level goes too high or too low, why because if it goes high then moisture carryover can take place and if too low then starvation can occur in boiler water tubes. So MFT is necessary, its tripping values are +400MM and -350MM. MFT on loss of all fuel : It acts when there is no fuel supply to boiler i.e. no oil along with no coal. Because if no supply of fuel then there is no steam production.

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MFT on loss of fire : This protection acts when there is no fire in boiler. There are four sensors, each corner, if three out of four sense no flame then its a loss fire trip for that corner. And if it happens for all corners then its a MFT to boiler. MFT on loss of flame scanner cooling air : It acts when the cooling air supply to the scanner is disrupted why because it that air is absent then the flame scanner will get damage and there will be no one to sense the flame in the boiler. It have a delay of five minutes, if still no air then its MFT. MFT on air flow less than 25% : It acts when then total air flow in the boiler is less than 25% of rated air flow i.e. 600 tonnes per hour, because in that case the flame stability is poor and also the combustion process is affected. MFT on igning defeat more than 5 times: It happens during start up of the boiler, if the igning is not successful even after trying for five times, then its MFT. Because it means the fuel system is not ready for use. MFT on BFP trip : We have two pumps for feed water supply to boiler, one running and one standby. If one trips somehow then another take start but no boiler feed pump running, then there is no water supply to the boiler and is a scarcity in boiler and it leads to starvation and also tube failures. So MFT necessary. MFT on Turbine trip : If turbine trips somehow then the load of the boiler i.e. super high pressure steam, where it will get adjust. In certain situations we can handle that amount of steam but ideally its MFT to boiler.

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MFT on no fire in 60 minutes without MFT : This protection is also for start up time, if purging of the boiler done and there is no flame in boiler within 60 minutes from the purg finish time, leads to MFT because it senses that the purging of the boiler expired and its not reliable to give fire in the boiler. MFT on PA fan trip : It acts when both the PA fans trip together because there is no air flow to carry the pulverised coal to the boiler and no further combustion process possible, leads to MFT. MFT on Reheater loss protection : This is a very important protection for RH, why because if it doesnt acts then there may be RH meltdown. It acts when three conditions occurs : 1. Boiler load more than 30%. 2. HP LP by pass not open. 3. Turbine trip. These three conditions ensures that there is no steam in RH but still a heat available to get transfer to RH, resulting in RH tubes overheating and melting. So MFT is a must. MFT on oil fuel trip : This protection acts when there is no oil supply to boiler and coal elevation senses no fire in the boiler. Its a same case of no fuel and no steam production, leads to MFT. MFT on PB trip : This is the last situation to save the boiler from damage, if the operator is not able to handle anyhow and its going to be a damage then the push button on the DCS desk leads to a MFT trip.

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Turbine protections ( Compulsory Trip ) :


Low vacuum: To avoid the LPT diaphragm and any possible blade damage. Its tripping is at -63Kpa. High axial shift: To avoid the possible strike between stationary and rotating parts. Its tripping is at 1cmIf the turbine trips on axial then it is must to open the vacuum breaker to minimise the coasting down time of turbine. DE(L) and DE(H) trip : It is meant for LPT differential expansion and HPT differential expansion trip. Its tripping is at -3mm +8mm for DE(H) and +7mm for DE(L). In this case also vacuum needs to break to minimise the coasting down time. Over speeding of Turbine: To avoid reaching of the dangerous vibration levels so that the turbine may blast. Its electrical tripping is at 103% of rated speed and mechanical trip is at 110% of the rated speed i.e. 3000RPM. Main oil tank level low: Because in that case the suction for the MOP will not be available and is a case of low lube oil pressure. Its tripping is at 1245 MM. Low lube/Control oil pressure: To avoid any possible damage to turbine bearings, tripping at 0.06Mpa. If the turbine trips on lube oil pressure low then also it is must to open the vacuum breaker to minimise the coasting down time of turbine. Main steam temperature low: To avoid excessive shrinkage to the turbine rotor, leading to high axial shift. Trip from governing rack : To handle any uncontrollable situation. Turbine remote push button trip : available at DCS desk for any emergency. Boiler trip leading to Turbine trip : As there is no source of power to rotate the turbine, so trip must. Generator trip leading to Turbine trip: If generator tripped and turbine is not getting trip then its a case of over speeding leads to a damage to the turbine.

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Turbine protections ( Advisory trip) :


High shaft vibration/Eccentricity : To avoid possible dangerous vibration High bearing vibration High bearing metal temperature : To avoid babbit material meltdown High HP/LP exhaust temperature : To avoid possible blade damage and diaphragm blow out. Top bottom differential temperature : To avoid any possible rotating and stationary part strike. High main steam temperature : To avoid uneven expansion and rotating, stationary part strike Low / high frequency: To avoid dangerous vibrations.

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Electrical protections :

Generator differential protection : To protect against internal


faults such as phase to phase and 3-ground faults which may cause large currents to flow & damaging the winding.

Generator Transformer differential expansion : It protects


Bus-duct and GT internal faults such as phase to phase & 3-ground faults.

Loss of field or excitation : When synchronised machine with


excitation connected with grid, it generates active as well as reactive power and rotor speed is in conjunction with grid frequency. When excitation fails, it results rotor and stator flux. Thus, synchronised machine operates as induction generator and draws Mvar from grid. This results in flow of slip frequency and converts in rotor body as well as serves torque oscillation in rotor body shaft. As the rotor is not designed to such oscillations to withstand the alternating torque, which results in rotor overheating, coupling slippage and even rotor failures. Normally, excitation failures are due to problems with excitation system, tripping of field braker, loss of source to exciter.

Negative sequence of current unbalance : When generator


is supplying an unbalanced load to a system, a ve phase sequence current is imposed on the generator. The system unbalanced may be due to opening of lines, breaker failures or the system faults. The negative phase sequence current creates a magnetic flux in stator winding in the air gap, which rotates in opposite direction. This flux

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induces current in rotor body, wedges and retaining rings at twice of the line frequency. Heating occurs in these areas resulting temperature depending upon the level and direction of unbalanced currents. Under these conditions, it is possible to reach temperatures at which rotor material no longer contain centrifugal forces imposed on these resulting in serious damage to TG-set.

Stator earth fault protection :Normally

the statorat

apotentialclose to ground. If a faulty phase winding connected to ground, the normal low voltage can rise to as far as line neutral voltage. Usual method for detection of fault is by measuring the voltage across the secondary winding temperature.

Rotor earth fault protection :

Generally it is electrically

isolated from ground. So one ground fault creates no problem but presence of two or more ground faults will cause magnetic and thermal imbalance and localised heating &damage to rotor metallic parts.

Reverse power protection :

It is a backup for low forward

power protection. Motoring of TG when Turbine o/p is reduced less than no load losses of Generator while it is still on line. No damage to generator due to its motoring action but turbine blades may get overheated.

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CONCLUSION I completed my summer training at Vedanta Aluminium Limited,Jharsugura,Odisha. I got the full industrial exposure at the VALJ. I learnt about the safe and optimal operation of the boiler, turbine and other vital equipments. I learnt about boiler and turbine protections and interlocks. I worked as a Graduate Engineer Trainee in the captive power plant

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