Lib VTK Io Guide

LIB VTK IO
vtk input/output fortran library

Version 0.2
stefano zaghi
enrico cavallini and renato n. elias
07-01-2008
acknowledgements
I am very grateful to Renato N. Elias: whitout his support lib vtk io would not born. As a matter of facts lib vtk io is a collection of his tips. Despite the fact that Renato does not write the code he is a moral co-author of the code. I thank Enrico Cavallini for his help in debugging the code. He also develop the MS Windows version of lib vtk io and he is the rst co-author that I found. Finally I thank the ParaView mailing list for the great support of its members.
ii
introduction
I have not failed. Ive just found ten thousand ways that dont work. Thomas Edison
is a Fortran (actually only write) data conforming LIB VTK IOstandard bothlibrary to write and readthough there aretomany wrappers/porting the VTK binary and ascii. Even of the VTK source code (C++ code), there is not a fortran one. This library is not a porting or a wrapper of the VTK code, but it only an exporter/importer of the VTK data format written in pure fortran language (standard Fortran 95 with some extensions of non standard Fortran 2003) that can be used by fortran coders (yes, there are still a lot of these brave coders...) without mixing fortran with C++ language. The library is still in developing and testing, this is rst usable release, but there are not all the features of the stable release (the importer is totaly absent and the exporter is not complete). Surely there are a lot of bugs and the progamming style is not the best, but the exporter is usable for the 90% of the VTK data format. The lib vtk io is an open source project, it is distribuited under the GPL v3 (see appendix E). Anyone is interest to use, to develop or contribuite to lib vtk io is welcome.
vtk standard
VTK, Visualization Toolkit, is an open source software that provides a powerful framework for the computer grach, for the images processing and for 3D rendering. It is widely used in the world and so it has a very large comunity of users; besides the Kitware1 company provides professional support. The toolkit is written in C++ and a lot of porting/wrappers for Tcl/Tk, Java and Python are provided; unlucky there arent wrappers for Fortran. Because of its good features the VTK toolkit has been used to develop a large set of open source programs. For my work the most important family of programs is the scientic visualization programs. A lot of high-quality scientic visualization tool are available on the web but for me the best is ParaView: I think that it is one of the best scintic visualization program in the world and it is open source! Paraview is based on VTK.
1 The Kitware homepage can be found here: http://public.kitware.com.
iii
paraview
ParaView2 is an open source software voted to scientic visualization and able to use the power of parallel architectures. It has an architecture client-server in order to make easy the remote visualization of very large set of data. Because it is based on VTK it inherits all VTK features. ParaView is very useful for Computational Fluid Dynamics visualizations because it provides powerful post-processing tools; it provides a very large set of importers for the most used format like Plot3D and HDF (the list is very large). It is easy to extend ParaView because it supports all the scripting language supported by VTK.
lib vtk io
Even though the VTK toolkit is written in C++ and so it is possible to use it in mixed fortran/c++ code this is not the easiest way. Fortran is still the best language for high performance computing for scientic purpose, like CFD computing. It necessary a tool to deal with VTK standard directly by fortran code. The library lib vtk io was made to ll this empty: it is a simple fortran module able to export native fortran data into VTK data format and to import VTK data into a fortran code (actually this feature is missing), both in ascii and binary le format. The library provides an automatic way to deal with VTK data format: all the formatting processes is nested into the library and the users comunicate with it by a simple API passing only native fortran data (native fortran scalar, vector and matrix). The library lib vtk io is distribuited under the GNU GPL v3 license (see appendix E). Beyond to the source code there are some precompiled binaries for GNU-Linux (amd x86, amd x86 64, intel x86, intel x86 64) and WindowsXP (amd x86, intel x86). Actually the library is still in developing/testing phase (a lot of features are missing); this is not a stable release, but the exporter is quite complete and its API is quite stable. The exporter is usable and I use it for my work.
2 The ParaView homepage can be found here: http://www.paraview.org.
iv
news and changes
version v0.2
v0.2 is release. version there are only minor The versionthis newthe second testing introduce From features v0.1 does not x bugs: it changes; version does not new and is a simple code-cleaning. The character variables are now case-insensitive; the names of some variables have been changed. The comments have been translated in English (very poor translation...).
List of changes from v0.1
1. variable formato is changed in output format and now appears only in VTK INI and in VTK INI XML. 2. variable nomele is changed in lename. 3. variable titolo is changed in title. 4. variable topologia is changed in mesh topology and now appears only in VTK INI and in VTK INI XML. 5. variable NCelle is changed in NC. 6. variable Nnodi is changed in NN. 7. variable tipo in VTK CON and VTK CON XML is changed in cell type. 8. variable tipo in VTK DAT and VTK DAT XML is changed in var location. 9. variable azione in VTK DAT XML is changed in var block action. 10. variable tipo in VTK VAR is changed in vec type. 11. variable nomevar is changed in varname.
The only relevant news in the v0.2 version is about this guide: now the guide is integrated in the code. The code has particular comments: if the code is processed by the program
FortranDOC3 a latex source of this guide will be made; compiling the latex le with pdatex you will obtain this guide in PDF.
version v0.1
The version v0.1 is the rst testing release. There are not news and changes.
3 FortranDOC is an open-source fortran code available at: http://www.paraview.org. This code processing free-format fortran code generates a pretty-latex documentation le of the code structure.
vi
contents
Acknowledgements Introduction iii v ii
News and Changes
I
1
Compile and Install LIB VTK IO

2 Compile LIB VTK IO 1.1 Compile under GNU/Linux 1.2 Compile under MS Windows 3 3 4
Install and Link (Pre)Compiled LIB VTK IO 2.1 GNU/Linux 4 2.1.1 Static Library 4 2.1.2 Dynamic Library 5 2.2 MS Windows 6 LIB VTK IO Programming Style 7
II
4 5
LIB VTK IO API

Module LIB VTK IO 10
Auxiliary functions 13 5.1 Function GetUnit 13 5.2 Function Upper Case 14 VTK LEGACY functions 16 6.1 Function VTK INI 16 6.2 VTK GEO 17 6.2.1 VTK GEO STRUCTURED POINTS 18 19 6.2.2 VTK GEO STRUCTURED GRID 6.2.3 VTK GEO RECTILINEAR GRID 20 21 6.2.4 VTK GEO UNSTRUCTURED GRID
vii
Contents
6.3 6.4 6.5
6.6 7
Function VTK CON 22 Function VTK DAT 24 25 VTK VAR 6.5.1 VTK VAR SCALAR DATA 25 26 6.5.2 VTK VAR REAL VECTORIAL DATA 6.5.3 VTK VAR INTEGER VECTORIAL DATA 27 6.5.4 VTK VAR TEXTURE DATA 28 Function VTK END 29
VTK XML functions 31 7.1 Function VTK INI XML 32 7.2 VTK GEO XML 33 7.2.1 VTK GEO XML STRUCTURED GRID 33 7.2.2 VTK GEO XML RECTILINEAR GRID 34 36 7.2.3 VTK GEO XML UNSTRUCTURED GRID 7.2.4 VTK GEO XML CLOSE PIECE 37 7.3 Function VTK CON XML 37 7.4 Function VTK DAT XML 40 7.5 VTK VAR XML 41 7.5.1 VTK VAR XML SCALAR DATA 41 7.5.2 VTK VAR XML VECTORIAL DATA 42 43 7.6 Function VTK END XML VTK IO Usage Example 44 Legacy Rectilinear Grid 44 XML Rectilinear Grid 45 Legacy Unstructured Grid 46 XML Unstructured Grid 49 52
a LIB a.1 a.2 a.3 a.4 b
Fortran & Portable-Kind-Precision Selection 54
c Dynamic Dispatching d Known Bugs e 56
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
57
viii
Part I COMPILE AND INSTALL LIB VTK IO
1
compile lib vtk io
Contents
1.1 1.2 Compile under GNU/Linux Compile under MS Windows 3 3
The lib vtk io is open source and so anyone is encouraged to use the source code and to patch it.
The code is written in Fortran: the standard adopted is the Fortran 95 standard that is a minor upgrade to the Fortran 90 standard and that is widely supported by the almost all compilers actually available. Unluckily Fortran 95 does not allow the creation of C-binary le (Fortran inserts some bytes before and after each records despite the C standard) that is the standard adopted by VTK. Therefore in order to create binary les that are compatible whit VTK standard the only way is to use a non-standard 95 instructions. At today only Fortran 2003 can create C-binary le, but there are not any compilers that completely implement this standard. In the next year (2008) maybe a new minor upgrade of Fortran standard (unofcial named Fortran 2008) will be born and so the support to Fortran 2003/2008 probably will be improved. Luckily we need to use only some features of fortran 2003 that are supported by many compilers. The Fortran 2003 instructions are focused on the opening of the binary le, in particular in the functions vtk ini and vtk ini xml. In these functions there are opening instructions like the following: open(unit file form access action convert = = = = = = ..., ..., ..., ..., ..., BIG_ENDIAN, & & & & & &
Fortran 2003 instructions
1.1 compile under gnu/linux
recordtype = STREAM, buffered = YES, iostat = ...)
& &
The speciers convert, recordtype and buffered are non standard for Fortran 95. The buffered specier is not necessary and so can be commented or eliminated. The speciers convert and recordtype are instead necessary to write binary le but can be replaced by other speciers/instructions. In particular an alternative is opening the le with the specier form = binary 1 and using a compilers option2 to ensure the big endian encoding. big endian encoding is strictly necessary only for legacy binary le; for XML binary le one can choice also the little endian and so the conversion is not necessary. Actually there is also another instruction that is non-standard for Fortran 95: the instruction sizeof. This instruction is used to comptuing the number of bytes of the saved data in the XML binary les. Maybe there are others alternatives that are Fortran 95 compatible but at the moment I have not the time to implement them. Before you compile lib vtk io ensure that your compiler allows these Fortran 2003 extensions. I use the Intel Fortran Compiler3 that is free for non-commercial use and it has a strong support for Fortran 2003.
1.1 compile under gnu/linux

lib vtk io can be compiled as a stand-alone library or it can be integrated directly in your code. It is a self-contained module that can be safely included into others fortran codes. There are no any advices for compile lib vtk io excluding the above non standard instructions. For the GNU/Linux users there is available a makele already set to compile lib vtk io both as static and dynamic library with Intel Fortran. The makele has only one option: shared. This variable (default set to no) can assume two values: 1. no: makele creates a static library 2. yes: makele creates a dynamic library
1.2 compile under ms windows

For MS Windows users there is not any support at the moment. As soon as I have the time I will make available a MS Visual Studio Project to compile lib vtk io with Intel Visual Fortran for Windows.
1 Remember that also the value binary for form specier is non standard for Fortran 95. 2 Each compilers adopt differents option to achieve conversion of bytes order (if it allows conversion). See the user guide of your compiler. Intel Fortran allows the conversion both by open specier and by compiling option. 3 http://www.intel.com.
2
install and link (pre)compiled lib vtk io
Contents
2.1 GNU/Linux 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 4 4 5 Static Library Dynamic Library 6
MS Windows
io is (other code): The lib vtklinkingdistribuited in two different versionand thethan sourcedynamicthe rst is a static version (extensions are .a and .lib) second is linking version (extensions are .so and .dll). The use of these two version is different and it depends on the OS used. The library is been tested only on GNU/Linux (several different distro) and on MS Windows (Windows XP). The library is distribuited with two different archive: lib vtk io-bin-x.x.tar for GNU/Linux systems and lib vtk io-bin-x.x.zip for MS Windows systems. Into the archives there is the source code of the library (lib vtk io.f90), there are both static and dynamic version of the librabry and there is also this guide (lib vtk io guide.pdf).
2.1 gnu/linux
2.1.1 static library
The static version of the precompiled library (lib vtk io.a) does not require any kind of installations. It is enough to link against it in the linking phase. It is important to use the interface module lib vtk io.mod distribuited with the library: this is the interface of the subroutines and functions that constitute the library.
2.1 gnu/linux
To use the functions and subroutines of the library it is mandatory to use the module. Suppose one has a program (or subprogram) named test that use the library; the correct use is: program test USE LIB_VTK_IO ... ... ... endprogram test
The lib vtk io must to be loaded with the USE statement
With the instruction USE LIB\_VTK\_IO the program test can use the functions and subroutines of the library. To compile, without link, this code one must give the module interface lib vtk io.mod to the compiler: ifort -c lib_vtk_io.mod test.f90 -o test.o
Static Compiling Phase
In this example ifort is the Intel Fortran Compiler1 and the -c ag compiles preventing linking; the compiler must see the module interface: the le lib vtk io.mod must be placed in a folder visible by the compiler. In the linking phase one simply give the library to the compiler:
Static Linking Phase
ifort test.o LIB_VTK_IO.a -o test.out
The library must be placed in a folder visible by the compiler.
2.1.2 dynamic library

The dynamic version of the precompiled library must be installed. The operating system must know where is the library so it is necessary to install the library in a folder where the OS search its shared objects. In the most of the GNU/Linux distro the folder /usr/lib/ is scanned to nd shared objects. After you have copied the lib vtk io.so le in this folder, update the list of the shared objects with the command ldconfig -v and the OS is ready to use the library. After you set your OS the compiling and linking phase is identical to the previous (remember to you the module interface at the compiling phase). The only difference is to use the dynamic library at the linking phase: ifort test.o LIB_VTK_IO.so -o test.out
Dynamic Linking Phase
1 Da aggiungere.
2.2 ms windows
2.2 ms windows
Unluckily for MS Windows there is not any support at the moment. As soon as I have the time, I make some instructions on how use lib vtk io with MS Visual Studio and Intel Visual Fortran for MS Windows.
3
lib vtk io programming style
are 4-byte integer lib All the is anvtk io functions if the function calling functions: the output of these>functions integer that is 0 has been done right while it is 0 if some errors occur (the error handling is only at its embryonal phase). Therefore the functions calling must be done in the following way:
Functions Calling
... integer(4):: E_IO ... E_IO = VTK_INI(.... ...
The lib vtk io programming style is based on two main principles: portable kindprecision of reals and integers variables and dynamic dispatching. In the appendix B and C there are more details about these choices. I just remark some consequences of these choices. Using dynamic dispatching the lib vtk io has a simple API. The user calls a generic procedure (VTK INI, VTK GEO,...) and the library, depending on the type of the inputs passed, calls the correct internal function (i.e. VTK GEO for 8-byte real type if the input passed is 8-byte real type). By this interface only few functions are used whitout the necessity of calling a different function for every different inputs type. dynamic dispatching is valid also for the different kind of topology and variables-data-dimensions; the function VTK GEO is the same for all topologies, just the inputs passed to the functions change as the topology changes. Also the dimensions of variables-data use the dynamic dispatching: the function (VTK VAR) used to save vectorial data is identical to the one used for scalar data, depending on the dimensions of the data lib vtk io calls the correct internal function. dynamic dispatching is based on the internal kind-precision selecting convention: Fortran 90/95 standard has some useful functions to achive the portability of reals and integers precision and lib vtk io uses these functions to dene portable kind-precision; because it is
important to make portable the code on different architectures I suggest to use this programming style. The data handled by lib vtk io can be classied into two main categories: 1. Geometric Data. These are the geometric informations of the mesh and they can be of different kind and different number depending on the topology choiced. The mesh points coordinates type must be of 4-byte real type or 8-byte real type. 2. Variable Data. These are the scalar or vectorial variables appended to the mesh points (both at the cell-nodes and the cell-centers of the mesh). The type of these data can be of 8-byte real type, 4-byte real type and 4-byte integer type (for the XML output there are also the 8-byte integer type, 2-byte integer type and 1-byte integer type). In the following chapters theare the details of lib vtk io API.
Part II LIB VTK IO API
4
module lib vtk io
lib vtk io is a library of functions for Input and Output pure fortran data (both ascii and binary) in VTK format. The VTK standard can be separated into two main catagories: the vtk legacy standard and the vtk xml standard. The latter is more powerful and will has a stronger support from VTk comunity than legacy standard; XML le format would to be preferred despite the legacy one. At the present only a few functions of the nal library have been implemented. The InPut functions are totaly absent, but the OutPut functions are almost complete (the polydata functions are the only missing). The functions actually present are: 1. V T K I N I 2. V T K G E O 3. V T K C O N 4. V T K D A T 5. V T K V A R 6. V T K E N D
Functions for Legacy VTK le format
1. V T K I N I X M L 2. V T K G E O X M L
Functions for XML VTK le format
10
3. V T K C O N X M L 4. V T K D A T X M L 5. V T K V A R X M L 6. V T K E N D X M L
lib vtk io has a small set of internal variables and parameters some of which have public visibility. The lib vtk io uses a partable kind parameters for real and integer variables. The following are the kind parameters used: these parameters are public and their use is strong encouraged. Real precision denitions:
lib vtk io variables

integer integer integer integer , , , , parameter parameter parameter parameter :: :: :: :: R16P R8P R4P R P = = = = s e l e c t e d r e a l k i n d (33 ,4931) s e l e c t e d r e a l k i n d (15 ,307) s e l e c t e d r e a l k i n d (6 ,37) R8P ! ! ! ! 33 digits, range [104931 , 10+4931 1] 15 digits, range [10307 , 10+307 1] 6 digits, range [1037 , 10+37 1] default real precision
Integer precision denitions:

integer integer integer integer integer , , , , , parameter parameter parameter parameter parameter :: :: :: :: :: I8P I4P I2P I1P I P = = = = = selected selected selected selected I4P int int int int kind kind kind kind (18) (9) (4) (2) ! ! ! ! ! range [263 , +263 1] range [231 , +231 1] range [215 , +215 1] range [27 , +27 1] default integer precision
Besides the kind parameters there are also the format parameters useful for writing in a well-ascii-format numeric variables. Also these parameters are public. Real output formats:

c h a r a c t e r ( 1 0 ) , parameter : : c h a r a c t e r ( 1 0 ) , parameter : : c h a r a c t e r ( 9 ) , parameter : : c h a r a c t e r ( 1 0 ) , parameter : : FR16P FR8P FR4P FR P = = = = '(E41 .33E4)' '(E23 .15E3)' '(E14.6E2)' '(E23 .15E3)' ! ! ! ! R16P output format R8P output format R4P output format R P output format
Integer output formats:
11

character (5) character (5) character (4) character (4) character (5) , , , , , parameter parameter parameter parameter parameter :: :: :: :: :: FI8P FI4P FI2P FI1P FI P = = = = = '(I21)' '(I12)' '(I7)' '(I5)' '(I12)' ! ! ! ! ! I8P output format I4P output format I2P output format I1P output format I P output format
lib vtk io uses a small set of internal variables that are private (not accessible from the outside). The following are private variables:

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , parameter c h a r a c t e r ( 1 ) , parameter i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , parameter i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , parameter i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : c h a r a c t e r ( len=maxlen ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : r e a l ( R8P ) : : r e a l ( R4P ) : : i n t e g e r ( I8P ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : i n t e g e r ( I2P ) : : i n t e g e r ( I1P ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : : : maxlen = 500 = char (10) : : end rec :: f out ascii = 0 : : f out binary = 1 = f out ascii f out topology Unit VTK Unit VTK Append N Byte tipo R8 tipo R4 tipo I8 tipo I4 tipo I2 tipo I1 ioffset indent ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! max number of characters os static string end-character for binary-record nalize ascii-output-format parameter identier binary-output-format parameter identier current output-format (initialized to ascii format) mesh topology internal logical unit internal logical unit for raw binary XML append le number of byte to be written/read prototype of R8P real prototype of R4P real prototype of I8P integer prototype of I4P integer prototype of I2P integer prototype of I1P integer offset pointer indent pointer
In the following chapters there is the API reference of all functions of lib vtk io .
12
5
auxiliary functions
Contents
5.1 5.2 Function GetUnit 13 14 Function Upper Case
lib vtk io uses two auxiliary functions that are not connected with the VTK standard. These functions are private and so they cannot be called outside the library.
5.1 function getunit
getunit signature function GetUnit ( ) r e s u l t ( F r e e U n i t )
The GetUnit function is used for getting a free logic unit. The users of lib vtk io does not know which is the logical unit: lib vtk io handels this information without boring the users. The logical unit used is safe-free: if the program calling lib vtk io has others logical units used lib vtk io will never use these units, but will choice one that is free.
getunit variables
i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : F r e e U n i t i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : n1 i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : i o s logical ( 4 ) : : lopen ! ! ! ! free logic unit counter inquiring ag inquiring ag
13
5.2 function upper case
The following is the code snippet of GetUnit function: the units 0, 5, 6, 9 and all non-free units are discarded.
GetUnit Code Snippet
516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530
F r e e U n i t = 1 I 4 P ! initializing free logic unit ! initializing counter n1=1 I 4 P do i f ( ( n1/=5 I 4 P ) .AND. ( n1/=6 I 4 P ) .AND. ( n1/=9 I 4 P ) ) then i n q u i r e ( u n i t=n1 , opened= l o p e n , i o s t a t = i o s ) ! verify logic units i f ( i o s ==0 I 4 P ) then i f ( . NOT. l o p e n ) then F r e e U n i t = n1 ! assignment of free logic return endif endif endif n1=n1+1 I 4 P ! updating counter enddo return
GetUnit function is private and cannot be called outside lib vtk io . If you are interested to use it change its scope to public.
upper case signature function Upper Case ( s t r i n g )
The Upper Case function converts the lower case characters of a string to upper case one. lib vtk io uses this function in order to achieve case-insensitive: all character variables used within lib vtk io functions are pre-processed by Uppper Case function before these variables are used. So the users can call lib vtk io functions whitout pay attention of the case of the kwywords passed to the functions: calling the function VTK INI with the string E IO = VTK INI ( 'Ascii ' , . . . ) or with the string E IO = VTK INI ( 'AscII ' , . . . ) is equivalent.
upper case variables

c h a r a c t e r ( len = * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : s t r i n g ! string to be converted c h a r a c t e r ( len=len ( s t r i n g ) ) : : U p p e r C a s e ! converted string integer : : n1 ! characters counter
The following is the code snippet of Upper Case function.

Upper Case Code Snippet
14

Upper Case = s t r i n g do n1 =1 , len ( s t r i n g ) s e l e c t c a s e ( i c h a r ( s t r i n g ( n1 : n1 ) ) ) case ( 9 7 : 1 2 2 ) U p p e r C a s e ( n1 : n1 )= c h a r ( i c h a r ( s t r i n g ( n1 : n1 )) 32) ! Upper case conversion endselect enddo return
557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564
Upper Case function is private and cannot be called outside lib vtk io . If you are interested to use it change its scope to public.
15
6
vtk legacy functions
Contents
6.1 6.2 Function VTK INI VTK GEO 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.3 6.4 6.5 17 18 19 20 21 16 VTK GEO STRUCTURED POINTS VTK GEO STRUCTURED GRID VTK GEO RECTILINEAR GRID VTK GEO UNSTRUCTURED GRID 22 24 25 26 27
Function VTK CON Function VTK DAT VTK VAR 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 25
VTK VAR SCALAR DATA
VTK VAR REAL VECTORIAL DATA VTK VAR TEXTURE DATA 29 28
VTK VAR INTEGER VECTORIAL DATA
6.6
Function VTK END
6.1 function vtk ini
vtk ini signature f u n c t i o n VTK INI ( o u t p u t f o r m a t , f i l e n a m e , t i t l e , m e s h t o p o l o g y ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
16
6.2 vtk geo
The VTK INI function is used for initializing le. This function must be the rst to be called.
vtk ini variables

character ( * ) , character ( * ) , character ( * ) , character ( * ) , i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : o u t p u t f o r m a t i n t e n t ( IN ) : : f i l e n a m e i n t e n t ( IN ) : : t i t l e i n t e n t ( IN ) : : m e s h t o p o l o g y E IO ! ! ! ! ! output format: ASCII or BINARY name of le title mesh topology Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
The VTK INI variables have the following meaning: output format indicates the format of output le. It can assume the following values: A. ascii (it is case insensitive) creating an ascii output le. B. binary (it is case insensitive) creating a binary (big endian encoding) output le. lename contains the name (with its path) of the output le. title contains the title of the VTK dataset. topology indicates the topology of the mesh and can assume the following values: A. B. C. D. STRUCTURED POINTS. STRUCTURED GRID. UNSTRUCTURED GRID. RECTILINEAR GRID.
E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK INI calling:
VTK INI Calling
... E_IO = VTK_INI(Binary,example.vtk,VTK legacy file,UNSTRUCTURED_GRID) ...
Note that the .vtk extension is necessary in the le name.
6.2 vtk geo

VTK GEO is an interface to 8 different functions; there are 2 functions for each 4 different topologies actually supported: one function for mesh coordinates with R8P precision and one for mesh coordinates with R4P precision. This function must be called after VTK INI. It saves the mesh geometry. The inputs that must be passed change depending on the topologies choiced. Not all VTK topologies have been implemented (polydata topologies are absent). The signatures for all implemented topologies are now reported.
17
6.2 vtk geo
6.2.1 vtk geo structured points
vtk geo structured points signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO( Nx , Ny , Nz , X0 , Y0 , Z0 , Dx , Dy , Dz ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
The topology structured points is useful for structured grid with uniform discretization steps.
vtk geo structured points variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : Nx Ny Nz X0 Y0 Z0 Dx Dy Dz E IO ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! number of nodes in x direction number of nodes in y direction number of nodes in z direction x coordinate of origin y coordinate of origin z coordinate of origin space step in x space step in y space step in z Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
, , , , , ,
Note that the variables X0,Y0,Z0,Dx,Dy,Dz can be passed both as 8-byte real kind and 4byte real kind; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. Mixing 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind is not allowed: be sure that all variables are 8-byte real kind or all are 4-byte real kind. The VTK GEO structured point variables have the following meaning: Nx indicates the number of nodes in X direction. Ny indicates the number of nodes in Y direction. NZ indicates the number of nodes in Z direction. X0 indicates the X value of coordinates system origin. It is a scalar. Y0 indicates the Y value of coordinates system origin. It is a scalar. Z0 indicates the Z value of coordinates system origin. It is a scalar. Dx indicates the uniform grid step discretization in X direction. It is a scalar. Dy indicates the uniform grid step discretization in Y direction. It is a scalar. DZ indicates the uniform grid step discretization in Z direction. It is a scalar. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK GEO structured point calling:
VTK GEO Structured Points Calling
18
6.2 vtk geo
... integer(4):: Nx,Ny,Nz real(8):: X0,Y0,Z0 real(8):: Dx,Dy,Dz ... E_IO = VTK_GEO(Nx,Ny,Nz, & X0,Y0,Z0,Dx,Dy,Dz) ...
6.2.2 vtk geo structured grid
vtk geo structured grid signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO( Nx , Ny , Nz ,NN, X, Y , Z ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
The topology structured grid is useful for structured grid with non-uniform discretization steps.
vtk geo structured grid variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : Nx Ny Nz NN X ( 1 :NN) Y ( 1 :NN) Z ( 1 :NN) E IO ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! number of nodes in x direction number of nodes in y direction number of nodes in z direction number of all nodes x coordinates y coordinates z coordinates Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
Note that the variables X,Y,Z can be passed both as 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. Mixing 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind is not allowed: be sure that all variables are 8-byte real kind or all are 4-byte real kind. The VTK GEO structured grid variables have the following meaning: Nx indicates the number of nodes in X direction. Ny indicates the number of nodes in Y direction. NZ indicates the number of nodes in Z direction. NN indicates the number of all nodes, NN = Nx Ny Nz. X contains the X coordinates values of all nodes. It is a vector of [1 : NN]. Y contains the Y coordinates values of all nodes. It is a vector of [1 : NN].
19
6.2 vtk geo
Z contains the Z coordinates values of all nodes. It is a vector of [1 : NN]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK GEO structured grid calling: ... integer(4), parameter:: Nx=10,Ny=10,Nz=10 integer(4), parameter:: Nnodi=Nx*Ny*Nz real(8):: X(1:Nnodi),Y(1:Nnodi),Z(1:Nnodi) ... E_IO = VTK_GEO(Nx,Ny,Nz,Nnodi,X,Y,Z) ...
VTK GEO Structured Grid Calling
6.2.3 vtk geo rectilinear grid
vtk geo rectilinear grid signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO( Nx , Ny , Nz , X, Y , Z ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
The topology rectilinear grid is useful for structured grid with non-uniform discretization steps even in generalized coordinates.
vtk geo rectilinear grid signature

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : Nx Ny Nz X ( 1 : Nx ) Y ( 1 : Ny ) Z ( 1 : Nz ) E IO ! ! ! ! ! ! ! number of nodes in x direction number of nodes in y direction number of nodes in z direction x coordinates y coordinates z coordinates Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
Note that the variables X,Y,Z can be passed both as 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. Mixing 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind is not allowed: be sure that all variables are 8-byte real kind or all are 4-byte real kind. The VTK GEO rectilinear grid variables have the following meaning: Nx indicates the number of nodes in X direction. Ny indicates the number of nodes in Y direction. Nz indicates the number of nodes in Z direction.
20
6.2 vtk geo
X contains the X coordinates values of nodes. It is a vector of [1 : Nx]. Y contains the Y coordinates values of nodes. It is a vector of [1 : Ny]. Z contains the Z coordinates values of nodes. It is a vector of [1 : Nz]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK GEO rectilinear grid calling: ... integer(4), parameter:: Nx=10,Ny=20,Nz=30 real(4):: X(1:Nx),Y(1:Ny),Z(1:Nz) ... E_IO = VTK_GEO(Nx,Ny,Nz,X,Y,Z) ...
VTK GEO Rectilinear Grid Calling
6.2.4 vtk geo unstructured grid
vtk geo unstructured grid signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO( Nnodi , X, Y , Z ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
The topology unstructured grid is necessary for unstructured grid, the most general mesh format. This topology is also useful for scructured mesh in order to save only a non-structured clip of mesh.
vtk geo unstructured grid variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : NN X ( 1 :NN) Y ( 1 :NN) Z ( 1 :NN) E IO ! ! ! ! ! number of nodes x coordinates of all nodes y coordinates of all nodes z coordinates of all nodes Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
Note that the variables X,Y,Z can be passed both as 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. Mixing 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind is not allowed: be sure that all variables are 8-byte real kind or all are 4-byte real kind. The VTK GEO unstructured grid variables have the following meaning: NN indicates the number of all nodes. X contains the X coordinates values of nodes. It is a vector of [1 : NN].
21
6.3 function vtk con
Y contains the Y coordinates values of nodes. It is a vector of [1 : NN]. Z contains the Z coordinates values of nodes. It is a vector of [1 : NN]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK GEO unstructured grid calling: ... integer(4), parameter:: NN=100 real(4):: X(1:NN),Y(1:NN),Z(1:NN) ... E_IO = VTK_GEO(NN,X,Y,Z) ...
VTK GEO Unstructured Grid Calling
In order to use the unstructured grid it is necessary to save also the connectivity of the grid. The connectivity must be saved with the function vtk con.
vtk con signature f u n c t i o n VTK CON(NC, c o n n e c t , c e l l t y p e ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This function must be used when unstructured grid is used. It saves the connectivity of the unstructured mesh.
vtk con variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : c h a r a c t e r ( len=maxlen ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : NC connect ( : ) c e l l t y p e ( 1 :NC) E IO s buffer ncon ! ! ! ! ! ! number of cells mesh connectivity VTK cell type Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done buffer string dimension of connectivity vector
The VTK CON variables have the following meaning: NC indicates the number of all cells. connect contains the connectivity of the mesh. It is a vector. cell type contains the type of every cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling.
22
The vector connect must follow the VTK legacy standard. It is passed as assumedshape array because its dimensions is related to the mesh dimensions in a complex way. Its dimensions can be calculated by the following equation:
NC
dc = NC +
i=1
nvertexi
(6.1)
where dc is connectivity vector dimension and nvertexi is the number of vertices of ith cell. The VTK legacy standard for the mesh connectivity is quite obscure at least at rst sight. It is more simple analizing an example. Suppose we have a mesh composed by 2 cells, one hexahedron (8 vertices) and one pyramid with square basis (5 vertices); suppose that the basis of pyramid is constitute by a face of the hexahedron and so the two cells share 4 vertices. The equation 6.1 gives dc = 2 + 8 + 5 = 15; the connectivity vector for this mesh can be: ! first cell connect(1) = connect(2) = connect(3) = connect(4) = connect(5) = connect(6) = connect(7) = connect(8) = connect(9) = ! second cell connect(10) = connect(11) = connect(12) = connect(13) = connect(14) = connect(15) =
Connectivity vector example for VTK legacy standard
8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 0 1 2 3 8
=> => => => => => => => => => => => => => =>
number of vertices of 1 cell identification flag of 1 vertex identification flag of 2 vertex identification flag of 3 vertex identification flag of 4 vertex identification flag of 5 vertex identification flag of 6 vertex identification flag of 7 vertex identification flag of 8 vertex number of vertices of 2 cell identification flag of 1 vertex identification flag of 2 vertex identification flag of 3 vertex identification flag of 4 vertex identification flag of 5 vertex
of of of of of of of of
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
cell cell cell cell cell cell cell cell
of of of of of
2 2 2 2 2
cell cell cell cell cell
Note that the rst 4 identication ags of pyramid vertices as the same of the rst 4 identication ags of the hexahedron because the two cells share this face. It is also important to note that the identication ags start form 0 value: this is impose to the VTK standard. The function VTK CON does not calculate the connectivity vector: it writes the connectivity vector conforming the VTK standard, but does not calculate it. In the future release of lib vtk io will be included a function to calculate the connectivity vector. The vector variable tipo must conform the VTK standard 1 . It contains the type of each cells. For the above example this vector is:
Cell-Type vector example for VTK legacy standard
tipo(1) = 12 tipo(2) = 14
=> VTK hexahedron type of 1 cell => VTK pyramid type of 2 cell
1 See the le VTK-Standard at the Kitware homepage.
23
6.4 function vtk dat
The following is an example of VTK CON calling:

VTK CON Calling
... integer(4), parameter:: NC=2 integer(4), parameter:: Nvertex1=8 integer(4), parameter:: Nvertex2=5 integer(4), parameter:: dc=NC+Nvertex1+Nvertex2 integer(4):: connect(1:dc) integer(4):: cell_type(1:NC) ... E_IO = VTK_CON(NC,connect,cell_type) ...
6.4 function vtk dat
vtk dat signature f u n c t i o n VTK DAT(NC NN, v a r l o c a t i o n ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This function must be called before saving the data related to geometric mesh. This function initializes the saving of data variables indicating the type of variables that will be saved.
vtk dat variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : NC NN c h a r a c t e r ( * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : v a r l o c a t i o n i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : E IO c h a r a c t e r ( len=maxlen ) : : s buffer ! ! ! ! number of cells or nodes of eld location of saving variables: cell for cell-centered, node for node-centered Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done buffer string
The VTK DAT variables have the following meaning: NC NN indicates the number of all cells or all nodes according to the value of tipo. var location contains the location-type of variables that will be saved after VTK DAT. It is a scalar and cab assume the following values: A. cell (it is case insensitive) variables will be cell-centered. B. node (it is case insensitive) variables will be node-centered. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling.
24
6.5 vtk var
Of course a single le can contain both cell and node centered variables; in this case the VTK DAT function must be called two times, before saving cell-centered variables and before saving node-centered variables. The following is an example of VTK DAT calling:
VTK DAT Calling
... E_IO = VTK_DAT(50,node) ...
6.5 vtk var

VTK VAR is an interface to 8 different functions; there are 3 functions for scalar variables, 3 functions for vectorial variables and 2 function texture variables. This function saves the data variables related to geometric mesh. The inputs that must be passed change depending on the data variables type.
6.5.1 vtk var scalar data
vtk var scalar data signature f u n c t i o n VTK VAR( f o r m a t o , NC NN, varname , v a r ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This kind of call is used to save scalar data.
vtk var scalar data variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : character ( * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) o r i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : > 0 if IO is not done NC NN varname v a r ( 1 : NC NN) E IO ! ! ! ! number of nodes or cells variable name variable to be saved Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done,
The VTK VAR variables have the following meaning: NC NN indicates the number of all cells or all nodes according to the value of tipo passed to VTK DAT. varname contains the name attribuited the variable saved. var contains the values of variables in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling.
25
6.5 vtk var
Note that the variables var can be passed both as 8-byte real kind, 4-byte real kind and 4-byte integer; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. The following is an example of VTK VAR scalar data calling: ... integer(4), parameter:: NC_NN=100 real(4):: var(1:NC_NN) ... E_IO = VTK_VAR(NC_NN,Scalar Data,var) ...
VTK V Scalar Data AR Calling
6.5.2 vtk var real vectorial data
vtk var real vectorial data signature f u n c t i o n VTK VAR( t i p o , NC NN, varname , varX , varY , varZ ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This kind of call is used to save real vectorial data.
vtk var real vectorial data variables

character ( * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : character ( * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : vec type NC NN varname varX ( 1 : NC NN) varY ( 1 : NC NN) varZ ( 1 : NC NN) E IO ! ! ! ! ! ! ! vector type: vect = generic vector , norm = normal vector number of nodes or cells variable name x component of vector y component of vector z component of vector Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
The VTK VAR variables have the following meaning: tipo indicates the type of vector. It can assume the following value: A. vect generic vector. B. norm normal vector of face. NC NN indicates the number of all cells or all nodes according to the value of tipo passed to VTK DAT. varname contains the name attribuited the variable saved. varX contains the values of X component in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN]. varY contains the values of Y component in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN].
26
6.5 vtk var
varZ contains the values of Z component in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. Note that the variables varX,varY,varZ can be passed both as 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. The following is an example of VTK VAR real vectorial data calling: ... integer(4), parameter:: NC_NN=100 real(4):: varX(1:NC_NN) real(4):: varZ(1:NC_NN) real(4):: varZ(1:NC_NN) ... E_IO = VTK_VAR(vect,NC_NN,Real Vectorial Data,... ...varX,varY,varZ) ...
VTK V Real AR Vectorial Data Calling
6.5.3 vtk var integer vectorial data
vtk var integer vectorial data signature f u n c t i o n VTK VAR(NC NN, varname , varX , varY , varZ ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This kind of call is used to save integer vectorial data.
vtk var integer vectorial data variables

i n t e g e r ( R4P ) , character ( * ) , i n t e g e r ( R4P ) , i n t e g e r ( R4P ) , i n t e g e r ( R4P ) , i n t e g e r ( R4P ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : NC NN varname varX ( 1 : NC NN) varY ( 1 : NC NN) varZ ( 1 : NC NN) E IO ! ! ! ! ! ! number of nodes or cells variable name x component of vector y component of vector z component of vector Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
The VTK VAR variables have the following meaning: NC NN indicates the number of all cells or all nodes according to the value of tipo passed to VTK DAT. varname contains the name attribuited the variable saved. varX contains the values of X component in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN].
27
6.5 vtk var
varY contains the values of Y component in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN]. varZ contains the values of Z component in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK VAR real vectorial data calling: ... integer(4), parameter:: NC_NN=100 integer(4):: varX(1:NC_NN) integer(4):: varZ(1:NC_NN) integer(4):: varZ(1:NC_NN) ... E_IO = VTK_VAR(NC_NN,Integer Vectorial Data, & varX,varY,varZ) ...
VTK V Integer AR Vectorial Data Calling
6.5.4 vtk var texture data
vtk var texture data signature f u n c t i o n VTK VAR(NC NN, , dimm , varname , t e x t C o o ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This kind of call is used to save texture data.
vtk var texture data variables

i n t e g e r ( R4P ) , i n t e g e r ( R4P ) , character ( * ) , r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e g e r ( R4P ) : : is not done i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e n t ( IN ) : : NC NN dimm varname t e x t C o o ( 1 : NC NN, 1 : dimm ) E IO ! ! ! ! ! number of nodes or cells texture dimensions variable name texture Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO
The VTK VAR variables have the following meaning: NC NN indicates the number of all cells or all nodes according to the value of tipo passed to VTK DAT. dimm indicates the dimensions of the texture coordinates. It can assume the value: A. 1 scalar texture. B. 2 twodimensional texture.
28
6.6 function vtk end
C. 3 threedimensional texture. varname contains the name attribuited the variable saved. textCoo contains the coordinates of texture in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN, 1 : dimm]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. Note that the variable textCoo can be passed both as 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. The following is an example of VTK VAR texture data calling: ... integer(4), parameter:: NC_NN=100 integer(4), parameter:: dimm=2 real(4):: textCoo(1:NC_NN,1:dimm) ... E_IO = VTK_VAR(NC_NN,dimm,Texture Data,textCoo) ...
VTK V Texture AR Data Calling
vtk end signature f u n c t i o n VTK END ( ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This function is used to nalize the le opened and it has not inputs. The lib vtk io manages the le unit without the users action.
vtk end variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : E IO ! Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
The VTK END variables have the following meaning: E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK END calling:
VTK END Calling
29
... E_IO = VTK_END() ...
30
7
vtk xml functions
Contents
7.1 7.2 Function VTK INI XML VTK GEO XML 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.3 7.4 7.5 33 33 34 36 32 VTK GEO XML STRUCTURED GRID VTK GEO XML RECTILINEAR GRID VTK GEO XML UNSTRUCTURED GRID VTK GEO XML CLOSE PIECE 37 40 41 42 37
Function VTK CON XML Function VTK DAT XML VTK VAR XML 7.5.1 7.5.2 41
VTK VAR XML SCALAR DATA 43
VTK VAR XML VECTORIAL DATA
7.6
Function VTK END XML
legacy one. It the The XML standard is more powerful thanusing a library is more exible and free but onthan other hand is more (but not so more like lib vtk io ...) complex legacy standard. The output of XML functions is a well-formated XML le at least for the ascii format (in the binary format lib vtk io use raw-data format that does not produce a well formated XML le). The XML functions follow the same calling-convention of the legacy functions; all the lib vtk io XML functions are 4-byte integer function: the output of these functions is an integer that is 0 if the function calling has been done right while it is > 0 if some errors occur. The functions calling is the same as legacy functions:
Functions Calling
...
31
7.1 function vtk ini xml
integer(4):: E_IO ... E_IO = VTK_INI_XML(.... ...
Note that the XML functions have the same name of legacy functions with the sufx XML.
7.1 function vtk ini xml
vtk ini xml signature
f u n c t i o n VTK INI XML ( o u t p u t f o r m a t , f i l e n a m e , m e s h t o p o l o g y , nx1 , nx2 , ny1 , ny2 , nz1 , nz2
The VTK INI XML function is used for initializing le. This function must be the rst to be called.
vtk ini xml variables

c h a r a c t e r ( * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : output format c h a r a c t e r ( * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : filename c h a r a c t e r ( * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : mesh topology i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) , o p t i o n a l : : nx1 , nx2 i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) , o p t i o n a l : : ny1 , ny2 i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) , o p t i o n a l : : nz1 , nz2 i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : E IO not done c h a r a c t e r ( len=maxlen ) : : s buffer ! ! ! ! ! ! ! output format: ASCII or BINARY le name mesh topology initial and nal nodes of x axis initial and nal nodes of y axis initial and nal nodes of z axis Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is
! buffer string
The VTK INI XML variables have the following meaning: output format indicates the format of output le. It can assume the following values: A. ascii (it is case insensitive) creating an ascii output le. B. binary (it is case insensitive) creating a binary (big endian encoding) output le. lename contains the name (with its path) of the output le. topology indicates the topology of the mesh and can assume the following values: A. StructuredGrid. B. RectilinearGrid. C. UnstructuredGrid. nx1,nx2 contains the extent of X axis; nx1 is the initial node and nx2 is the nal. ny1,ny2 contains the extent of Y axis; ny1 is the initial node and ny2 is the nal. nz1,nz2 contains the extent of Z axis; nz1 is the initial node and nz2 is the nal.
32
7.2 vtk geo xml
E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. This function is quite more complex than the rispective legacy function; it needs more inputs: the XML standard needs more informations to initialize the le. The following is an example of VTK INI XML calling: ... ... E_IO = VTK_INI_XML(BINARY,XML_RECT_BINARY.vtr, RectilinearGrid, nx1=nx1,nx2=nx2, ny1=ny1,ny2=ny2, nz1=nz1,nz2=nz2) ...
VTK INI XML Calling
& & & &
Note that the le extension is necessary in the le name. The XML standard has different extensions for each different topologies (i.e. .vtr for rectilinear topology). See the VTKstandard le for more information.
7.2 vtk geo xml

VTK GEO XML is an interface to 6 different functions; there are 2 functions for each 3 topologies supported. This function must be called after VTK INI XML. It saves the mesh geometry. The inputs that must be passed change depending on the topologies choiced. Not all VTK topologies have been implemented (polydata topologies are absent). The signatures for all implemented topologies are now reported.
7.2.1 vtk geo xml structured grid
vtk geo xml structured grid signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO XML( nx1 , nx2 , ny1 , ny2 , nz1 , nz2 ,NN, & X, Y , Z) r e s u l t ( E IO )
The topology structured grid is useful for structured grid with non-uniform discretization steps.
vtk geo xml structured grid variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : nx1 , nx2 i n t e n t ( IN ) : : ny1 , ny2 i n t e n t ( IN ) : : nz1 , nz2 ! initial and nal nodes of x axis ! initial and nal nodes of y axis ! initial and nal nodes of z axis
33
7.2 vtk geo xml
i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : :
NN X ( 1 :NN) Y ( 1 :NN) Z ( 1 :NN) E IO
! ! ! ! !
number of all nodes x coordinates y coordinates z coordinates Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
Note that the variables X,Y,Z can be passed both as 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. Mixing 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind is not allowed: be sure that all variables are 8-byte real kind or all are 4-byte real kind. The VTK GEO XML structured grid variables have the following meaning: nx1,nx2 contains the extent of X axis; nx1 is the initial node and nx2 is the nal. ny1,ny2 contains the extent of Y axis; ny1 is the initial node and ny2 is the nal. nz1,nz2 contains the extent of Z axis; nz1 is the initial node and nz2 is the nal. NN contains the global number of nodes NN = (nx2 nx1 + 1) (ny2 ny1 + 1) (nz2 nz1 + 1). X contains the X coordinates values of all nodes. It is a vector of [1 : NN]. Y contains the Y coordinates values of all nodes. It is a vector of [1 : NN]. Z contains the Z coordinates values of all nodes. It is a vector of [1 : NN]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK GEO XML structured grid calling: ... integer(4):: nx1,nx2 integer(4):: ny1,ny2 integer(4):: nz1,nz2 integer(4):: NN real(4):: X(1:NN),Y(1:NN),Z(1:NN) ... E_IO = VTK_GEO_XML(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nz1,nz2, & NN, & X,Y,Z) ...
VTK GEO XML Structured Grid Calling
7.2.2 vtk geo xml rectilinear grid
34
7.2 vtk geo xml
vtk geo xml rectilinear grid signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO XML( nx1 , nx2 , ny1 , ny2 , nz1 , nz2 , & X, Y , Z) r e s u l t ( E IO )
The topology rectilinear grid is useful for structured grid with non-uniform discretization steps even in generalized coordinates.
vtk geo xml rectilinear grid variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : nx1 , nx2 ny1 , ny2 nz1 , nz2 X( nx1 : nx2 ) Y ( ny1 : ny2 ) Z ( nz1 : nz2 ) E IO ! ! ! ! ! ! ! initial and nal nodes of x axis initial and nal nodes of y axis initial and nal nodes of z axis x coordinates y coordinates z coordinates Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
Note that the variables X,Y,Z can be passed both as 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. Mixing 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind is not allowed: be sure that all variables are 8-byte real kind or all are 4-byte real kind. The VTK GEO XML rectilinear grid variables have the following meaning: nx1,nx2 contains the extent of X axis; nx1 is the initial node and nx2 is the nal. ny1,ny2 contains the extent of Y axis; ny1 is the initial node and ny2 is the nal. nz1,nz2 contains the extent of Z axis; nz1 is the initial node and nz2 is the nal. X contains the X coordinates values of X nodes. It is a vector of [nx1 : nx2]. Y contains the Y coordinates values of Y nodes. It is a vector of [ny1 : ny2]. Z contains the Z coordinates values of Z nodes. It is a vector of [nz1 : nz2]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK GEO XML rectilinear grid calling: ... integer(4):: nx1,nx2 integer(4):: ny1,ny2 integer(4):: nz1,nz2 real(4):: X(nx1:nx2),Y(ny1:ny2),Z(nz1:nz2) ... E_IO = VTK_GEO_XML(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nz1,nz2, & X,Y,Z) ...
VTK GEO XML Structured Grid Calling
35
7.2 vtk geo xml
7.2.3 vtk geo xml unstructured grid
vtk geo xml unstructured grid signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO XML( Nnodi , N C e l l e , X, Y , Z ) r e s u l t ( E IO ) The topology unstructured grid is necessary for unstructured grid, the most general mesh format. This topology is also useful for scructured mesh in order to save only a non-structured clip of mesh.
vtk geo xml unstructured grid variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : NN NC X ( 1 :NN) Y ( 1 :NN) Z ( 1 :NN) E IO ! ! ! ! ! ! number of nodes number of cells x coordinates y coordinates z coordinates Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
Note that the variables X,Y,Z can be passed both as 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. Mixing 8-byte real kind and 4-byte real kind is not allowed: be sure that all variables are 8-byte real kind or all are 4-byte real kind. The VTK GEO XML unstructured grid variables have the following meaning: Nnodi indicates the number of all nodes. NCelle indicates the number of all cells. X contains the X coordinates values of nodes. It is a vector of [1 : Nnodi]. Y contains the Y coordinates values of nodes. It is a vector of [1 : Nnodi]. Z contains the Z coordinates values of nodes. It is a vector of [1 : Nnodi]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK GEO XML unstructured grid calling: ... integer(4), parameter:: Nnodi=100 integer(4), parameter:: NCelle=50 real(4):: X(1:Nnodi),Y(1:Nnodi),Z(1:Nnodi) ... E_IO = VTK_GEO_XML(ascii,Nnodi,NCelle,X,Y,Z) ...
VTK GEO XML Unstructured Grid Calling
In order to use the unstructured grid it is necessary to save also the connectivity of the grid. The connectivity must be saved with the function vtk con xml.
36
7.3 function vtk con xml
7.2.4 vtk geo xml close piece
vtk geo xml close piece signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO XML ( ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
As we said before the XML standard is more powerful than legacy. XML le can contain more than 1 mesh with its associated variables. Thus there is the necessity to close each pieces that compose the data-set saved in the XML le. The vtk geo xml called in the close piece format is used just to close the current piece before saving another piece or closing the le.
vtk geo xml close piece variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : E IO ! Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
The VTK GEO XML close piece variables have the following meaning: E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The following is an example of VTK GEO XML close piece calling: ... E_IO = VTK_GEO_XML() ...
VTK GEO XML Unstructured Grid Calling
vtk con xml signature f u n c t i o n VTK CON XML(NC, c o n n e c t , o f f s e t , c e l l t y p e ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This function must be used when unstructured grid is used. It saves the connectivity of the unstructured mesh.
vtk con xml variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : NC i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : c o n n e c t ( : ) i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : o f f s e t ( 1 :NC) ! number of cells ! mesh connectivity ! cell offset
37
i n t e g e r ( I1P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : c e l l t y p e ( 1 :NC) i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : E IO c h a r a c t e r ( len=maxlen ) : : s buffer i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : n1
! ! ! !
VTK cell type Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done buffer string counter
The VTK CON XML variables have the following meaning: NCelle indicates the number of all cells. connect contains the connectivity of the mesh. It is a vector. oset contains the offset1 of every cells. It is a vector of [1 : NCelle]. tipo contains the type of every cells. It is a vector of [1 : NCelle]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. The vector connect must follow the VTK XML standard. It is passed as assumed-shape array because its dimensions is related to the mesh dimensions in a complex way. Its dimensions can be calculated by the following equation:
NCelle
dc =
i=1
nvertexi
(7.1)
where dc is connectivity vector dimension and nvertexi is the number of vertices of ith cell. Note that this equation is different from the legacy one (eq. 6.1). The XML connectivity convention is quite different from the legacy standard. As an example considering the same mesh of section ??: suppose we have a mesh composed by 2 cells, one hexahedron (8 vertices) and one pyramid with square basis (5 vertices); suppose that the basis of pyramid is constitute by a face of the hexahedron and so the two cells share 4 vertices. The equation 7.1 gives dc = 8 + 5 = 13; the connectivity vector for this mesh can be: ! first cell connect(1) = connect(2) = connect(3) = connect(4) = connect(5) = connect(6) = connect(7) = connect(8) = ! second cell connect(9) = connect(10) = connect(11) = connect(12) = connect(13) =
Connectivity vector example for VTK XML standard
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 8
=> => => => => => => => => => => => =>
identification identification identification identification identification identification identification identification identification identification identification identification identification
flag flag flag flag flag flag flag flag flag flag flag flag flag
of of of of of of of of of of of of of
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5
vertex vertex vertex vertex vertex vertex vertex vertex vertex vertex vertex vertex vertex
of of of of of of of of of of of of of
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
cell cell cell cell cell cell cell cell cell cell cell cell cell
1 The summ of nodes of all previous cells included the current cell.
38
Therefore this connectivity vector convention is more simple than the legacy convention, now we must create also the offset vector that contains the data now missing in the connect vector. The offset vector for this mesh can be: ! first cell offset(1) = 8 => summ of nodes of 1 cell ! second cell offset(2) = 13 => summ of nodes of 1 and 2 cells
Offset vector example for VTK XML standard
The value of every cell-offset can be calculated by the following equation:

c
offsetc =
i=1
nvertexi
(7.2)
where offsetc is the value of cth cell and nvertexi is the number of vertices of ith cell. The function VTK CON XML does not calculate the connectivity and offset vectors: it writes the connectivity and offset vectors conforming the VTK XML standard, but does not calculate them. In the future release of lib vtk io will be included a function to calculate the connectivity and offset vector. The vector variable tipo must conform the VTK XML standard 2 that is the same of the legacy standard presented previous (sec. ??). It contains the type of each cells. For the above example this vector is: tipo(1) = 12 tipo(2) = 14 => VTK hexahedron type of 1 cell => VTK pyramid type of 2 cell
Cell-Type vector example for VTK legacy standard
The following is an example of VTK CON XML calling: ... integer(4), parameter:: NCelle=2 integer(4), parameter:: Nvertex1=8 integer(4), parameter:: Nvertex2=5 integer(4), parameter:: dc=Nvertex1+Nvertex2 integer(4):: connect(1:dc) integer(4):: offset(1:NCelle) integer(4):: tipo(1:NCelle) ... E_IO = VTK_CON_XML(NCelle,connect,offset,tipo) ...
VTK CON XML Calling
2 See the le VTK-Standard at the Kitware homepage.
39
7.4 function vtk dat xml
7.4 function vtk dat xml
vtk dat xml signature f u n c t i o n VTK DAT XML( v a r l o c a t i o n , v a r b l o c k a c t i o n ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This function must be called before saving the data related to geometric mesh. This function initializes the saving of data variables indicating the type of variables that will be saved.
vtk dat xml variables

c h a r a c t e r ( * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : v a r l o c a t i o n ! location of saving variables: CELL for cell-centered, NODE for node-centered c h a r a c t e r ( * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : v a r b l o c k a c t i o n ! variables block action: OPEN or CLOSE block i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : E IO ! Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
The VTK DAT XML variables have the following meaning: var location contains the location-type of variables that will be saved after VTK DAT. It is a scalar and cab assume the following values: A. cell (it is case insensitive) variables will be cell-centered. B. node (it is case insensitive) variables will be node-centered. var block action indicates if the block-data-variables is being opened or closed; it can assume the following values: A. open (it is case insensitive) block-data is being opened. B. close (it is case insensitive) block-data is being closed. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. Of course a single le can contain both cell and node centered variables. The vtk dat xml must be called two times, before saving a block-data-variables in order to open the block, and after the block-data-variables has been saved in order to close the block. XML le can contains as many blocks as you want. The following is an example of VTK DAT XML calling: ... E_IO = VTK_DAT_XML(node,OPEN) ... SAVE YOUR DATA WITH VTK_VAR_XML ... E_IO = VTK_DAT_XML(node,CLOSE) ...
VTK DAT XML Calling
40
7.5 vtk var xml
7.5 vtk var xml

VTK VAR XML is an interface to 12 different functions; there are 6 functions for scalar variables (1 for each supported precision: R8P, R4P, I8P, I4P, I2P and I1P) and 6 for vectorial variables (1 for each supported precision: R8P, R4P, I8P, I4P, I2P and I1P) This function saves the data variables related to geometric mesh. The inputs that must be passed change depending on the data variables type.
7.5.1 vtk var xml scalar data
vtk var xml scalar data signature f u n c t i o n VTK VAR XML(NC NN, varname , v a r ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This kind of call is used to save scalar data.
vtk var xml scalar data variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : c h a r a c t e r ( * ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : r e a l ( R8P o r . . . R4P ) o r . . . i n t e g e r ( I8P o r . . . I4P o r . . . I2P o r . . . I1P ) , i n t e n t ( IN ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : NC NN varname ! number of cells or nodes ! variable name
v a r ( 1 : NC NN) ! variable to be saved E IO ! Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done
The VTK VAR XML variables have the following meaning: NC NN indicates the number of all cells or all nodes according to the value of var location passed to VTK DAT XML. varname contains the name attribuited the variable saved. var contains the values of variables in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. Note that the variables var can be passed both 8-byte real kind, 4-byte real kind, 8-byte integer, 4-byte integer, 2-byte integer and 1-byte integer; XML is very exible; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function. The following is an example of VTK VAR XML scalar data calling:
VTK V AR XML Scalar Data Calling
41
7.5 vtk var xml
... integer(4), parameter:: NC_NN=100 integer(2):: var(1:NC_NN) ... E_IO = VTK_VAR_XML(NC_NN,Scalar Data,var) ...
7.5.2 vtk var xml vectorial data
vtk var xml vectorial data signature f u n c t i o n VTK VAR XML(NC NN, varname , & varX , varY , varZ ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This kind of call is used to save vectorial data.
vtk var xml vectorial data variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , character ( * ) , r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) o r . . . i n t e g e r ( I8P o r I4P o r I2P o r I1P ) , r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) o r . . . i n t e g e r ( I8P o r I4P o r I2P o r I1P ) , r e a l ( R8P o r R4P ) o r . . . i n t e g e r ( I8P o r I4P o r I2P o r I1P ) , i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : > 0 if IO is not done i n t e n t ( IN ) : : NC NN i n t e n t ( IN ) : : varname ! number of cells or nodes ! variable name
i n t e n t ( IN ) : : varX ( 1 : NC NN) ! x component i n t e n t ( IN ) : : varY ( 1 : NC NN) ! y component i n t e n t ( IN ) : : varZ ( 1 : NC NN) ! z component ! Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, E IO
The VTK VAR XML variables have the following meaning: NC NN indicates the number of all cells or all nodes according to the value of var location passed to VTK DAT XML. varname contains the name attribuited the variable saved. varX contains the values of X component in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN]. varY contains the values of Y component in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN]. varZ contains the values of Z component in each nodes or cells. It is a vector of [1 : NC NN]. E IO contains the inquiring integer ag for error handling. Note that the variables varX,varY,varZ can be passed both 8-byte real kind, 4-byte real kind, 8-byte integer, 4-byte integer, 2-byte integer and 1-byte integer; XML is very exible; the dynamic displacement interface will call the correct function.
42
7.6 function vtk end xml
The following is an example of VTK VAR XML vectorial data calling: ... integer(4), parameter:: NC_NN=100 integer(4):: varX(1:NC_NN) integer(4):: varZ(1:NC_NN) integer(4):: varZ(1:NC_NN) ... E_IO = VTK_VAR_XML(NC_NN,Vectorial Data, & varX,varY,varZ) ...
VTK V AR XML Vectorial Data Calling
7.6 function vtk end xml
vtk end xml signature f u n c t i o n VTK END XML ( ) r e s u l t ( E IO )
This function is used to nalize the le opened. The lib vtk io manages the le unit without the users action.
vtk end xml variables

i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : character ( 2 ) : : r e a l ( R8P ) , r e a l ( R4P ) , i n t e g e r ( I8P ) , i n t e g e r ( I4P ) , i n t e g e r ( I2P ) , i n t e g e r ( I1P ) , i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : i n t e g e r ( I4P ) : : E IO var type v R8 ( : ) v R4 ( : ) v I8 ( : ) v I4 ( : ) v I2 ( : ) v I1 ( : ) N v n1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Input/Output inquiring ag: 0 if IO is done, > 0 if IO is not done var type = R8,R4,I8,I4,I2,I1 R8 vector for IO in AppendData R4 vector for IO in AppendData I8 vector for IO in AppendData I4 vector for IO in AppendData I2 vector for IO in AppendData I1 vector for IO in AppendData vector dimension counter
allocatable allocatable allocatable allocatable allocatable allocatable
:: :: :: :: :: ::
The following is an example of VTK END XML calling: ... E_IO = VTK_END_XML() ...
VTK END XML Calling
43
A
lib vtk io usage example
Contents
a.1 a.2 a.3 a.4 Legacy Rectilinear Grid XML Rectilinear Grid XML Unstructured Grid Legacy Unstructured Grid 44 45 46 49
of lib io is quite simple. this chapter there example vtk The usageSome ofvtk following examplesInare present also inare sometest lib of libio.f90io usage. the the le vtk distributed within the lib vtk io .
a.1 legacy rectilinear grid

... integer(4), intent(IN):: real(8), intent(IN):: real(8), intent(IN):: real(8), intent(IN):: real(8), intent(IN):: character(*), intent(IN):: real(8):: integer(4):: ... x=(/(i, i=1, Nx, 1)/)
Legacy Rectilinear Grid
Nx p(1:Nx) rho(1:Nx) u(1:Nx) gamma(1:Nx) filename x(1:Nx) i
44
A.2 xml rectilinear grid
E_IO = VTK_INI(output_format = ascii, & filene = trim(filename)//.vtk, & title = Field, & mesh_topology = RECTILINEAR_GRID) E_IO = VTK_GEO(Nx = Nx, & Ny = 1, & Nz = 1, & X = x, & Y = (/0.0_8/), & Z = (/0.0_8/)) E_IO = VTK_DAT(NC_NN = Nx, & tipo = node) E_IO = VTK_VAR(NC_NN = Nx, & varname = p, & var = p) E_IO = VTK_VAR(NC_NN = Nx, & varname = rho, & var = rho) E_IO = VTK_VAR(NC_NN = Nx, & varname = u, & var = u) E_IO = VTK_VAR(NC_NN = Nx, & varname = gamma, & var = gamma) E_IO = VTK_VAR(NC_NN = Nx, & varname = a, & var = sqrt(gamma*p/rho)) E_IO = VTK_END() ...
a.2 xml rectilinear grid

XML Rectilinear Grid
... integer(4), integer(4), real(8), real(8), real(8), real(8), character(*), real(8):: integer(4)::
intent(IN):: intent(IN):: intent(IN):: intent(IN):: intent(IN):: intent(IN):: intent(IN)::
n Nx p(1:Nx) rho(1:Nx) u(1:Nx) gamma(1:Nx) filename x(1:Nx) i
45
A.3 legacy unstructured grid
... x=(/(i, i=1, Nx, 1)/) E_IO = VTK_INI_XML(output_format = ascii, & filename = trim(filename)//.vtr, & mesh_topology = RectilinearGrid, & nx1=1,nx2=Nx,ny1=1,ny2=1,nz1=1,nz2=1) E_IO = VTK_GEO_XML(nx1=1,nx2=Nx,ny1=1,ny2=1,nz1=1,nz2=1, & X=x,Y=(/0.0_8/),Z=(/0.0_8/)) E_IO = VTK_DAT_XML(tipo = node, & azione = OPEN) E_IO = VTK_VAR_XML(NC_NN = Nx, & varname = p, & var = p) E_IO = VTK_VAR_XML(NC_NN = Nx, & varname = rho, & var = rho) E_IO = VTK_VAR_XML(NC_NN = Nx, & varname = u, & var = u) E_IO = VTK_VAR_XML(NC_NN = Nx, & varname = gamma, & var = gamma) E_IO = VTK_VAR_XML(NC_NN = Nx, & varname = a, & var = sqrt(gamma*p/rho)) E_IO = VTK_DAT_XML(tipo = node, & azione = CLOSE) E_IO = VTK_GEO_XML() E_IO = VTK_END_XML() ...
a.3 legacy unstructured grid

... integer(4), integer(4), real(4), real(4), real(4), integer(4), integer(4), real(8),
Legacy Unstructured Grid
parameter:: parameter:: dimension(1:Nn):: dimension(1:Nn):: dimension(1:Nn):: dimension(1:Ne):: dimension(1:60):: dimension(1:Nn)::
Nn = 27 Ne = 11 x_uns y_uns z_uns tipo connect var_uns_grid
46
integer(4), dimension(1:Nn):: integer(4), dimension(1:Nn):: integer(4), dimension(1:Nn):: ... E_IO = VTK_INI(output_format filename title mesh_topology x_uns=(/0,1,2,0,1,2, 0,1,2,0,1,2, 0,1,2,0,1,2, 0,1,2,0,1,2, 0,1,2/) y_uns=(/0,0,0,1,1,1, 0,0,0,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1/) z_uns=(/0,0,0,0,0,0, 1,1,1,1,1,1, 2,2,2,3,3,3, 4,4,4,5,5,5, 6,6,6/) & & & & & & & & & & & &
var_uns_grid_X var_uns_grid_Y var_uns_grid_Z = = = = BINARY, & UNST_GRID_BIN.vtk, & Unstructured Grid Example & UNSTRUCTURED_GRID)
E_IO = VTK_GEO(Nnodi = Nn, & X=x_uns,Y=y_uns,Z=z_uns) connect = (/ 8, 0, 1, 4, 3, 6, 7,10, 9, 8, 1, 2, 5, 4, 7, 8,11,10, 4, 6,10, 9,12, 4, 5,11,10,14, 6,15,16,17,14,13,12, 6,18,15,19,16,20,17, 4,22,23,20,19, 3,21,22,18, 3,22,19,18, 2,26,25, 1,24/) tipo = (/12, & 12, & 10, & 10, & 7, & 6, & 9, & 5, & & & & & & & & & & &
47
5, & 3, & 1/) E_IO = VTK_CON(NCelle connect tipo E_IO = VTK_DAT(NC_NN tipo
= = = = =
Ne, connect, tipo) Nn, node)
& & &
var_uns_grid =(/ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0,10.0,11.0, 12.0,13.0,14.0,15.0,16.0,17.0, 18.0,19.0,20.0,21.0,22.0,23.0, 24.0,25.0,26.0/) E_IO = VTK_VAR(NC_NN = Nn, & varname = scalars, & var = var_uns_grid) var_uns_grid_X=(/1,1,0,1,1,0, & 1,1,0,1,1,0, & 0,0,0,0,0,0, & 0,0,0,0,0,0, & 0,0,0/) var_uns_grid_Y=(/0,1,2,0,1,2, & 0,1,2,0,1,2, & 0,0,0,0,0,0, & 0,0,0,0,0,0, & 0,0,0/) var_uns_grid_Z=(/0,0,0,0,0,0, & 0,0,0,0,0,0, & 1,1,1,1,1,1, & 1,1,1,1,1,1, & 1,1,1/) E_IO = VTK_VAR(NC_NN = Nn, varname = vectors, varX = var_uns_grid_X, varY = var_uns_grid_Y, varZ = var_uns_grid_Z) E_IO = VTK_END() ...
& & & &
& & & &
48
A.4 xml unstructured grid
a.4 xml unstructured grid

... integer(4), parameter:: Nn = 27 integer(4), parameter:: Ne = 11 real(4), dimension(1:Nn):: x_uns real(4), dimension(1:Nn):: y_uns real(4), dimension(1:Nn):: z_uns integer(4), dimension(1:Ne):: tipo integer(4), dimension(1:49):: connect_xml integer(4), dimension(1:Ne):: offset_xml real(8), dimension(1:Nn):: var_uns_grid integer(4), dimension(1:Nn):: var_uns_grid_X integer(4), dimension(1:Nn):: var_uns_grid_Y integer(4), dimension(1:Nn):: var_uns_grid_Z ... E_IO = VTK_INI_XML(output_format = BINARY, & filename = XML_UNST_BINARY.vtu, & mesh_topology = UnstructuredGrid) x_uns=(/0,1,2,0,1,2, 0,1,2,0,1,2, 0,1,2,0,1,2, 0,1,2,0,1,2, 0,1,2/) y_uns=(/0,0,0,1,1,1, 0,0,0,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1/) z_uns=(/0,0,0,0,0,0, 1,1,1,1,1,1, 2,2,2,3,3,3, 4,4,4,5,5,5, 6,6,6/) & & & & & & & & & & & &
XML Unstructured Grid
E_IO = VTK_GEO_XML(Nnodi = Nn, & NCelle = Ne, & X=x_uns,Y=y_uns,Z=z_uns) connect_xml = (/ 0, 1, 4, 3, 6, 7,10, 9, 1, 2, 5, 4, 7, 8,11,10, 6,10, 9,12, 5,11,10,14, 15,16,17,14,13,12, & & & & &
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18,15,19,16,20,17, 22,23,20,19, 21,22,18, 22,19,18, 26,25, 24/) offset_xml = (/ 8, & 16, & 20, & 24, & 30, & 36, & 40, & 43, & 46, & 48, & 49/) E_IO = VTK_CON_XML(NCelle connect offset tipo = = = =
& & & & &
Ne, & connect_xml, & offset_xml, & (/12_1, & 12_1, & 10_1, & 10_1, & 7_1, & 6_1, & 9_1, & 5_1, & 5_1, & 3_1, & 1_1/))
E_IO = VTK_DAT_XML(tipo azione
= node, & = OPEN) & & & &
var_uns_grid =(/ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0,10.0,11.0, 12.0,13.0,14.0,15.0,16.0,17.0, 18.0,19.0,20.0,21.0,22.0,23.0, 24.0,25.0,26.0/) E_IO = VTK_VAR_XML(NC_NN = Nn, & varname = scalars, & var = var_uns_grid) var_uns_grid_X=(/1,1,0,1,1,0, &
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1,1,0,1,1,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0/) var_uns_grid_Y=(/0,1,2,0,1,2, 0,1,2,0,1,2, 0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0/) var_uns_grid_Z=(/0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0, 1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1/) E_IO = VTK_VAR_XML(NC_NN varname varX varY varZ E_IO = VTK_DAT_XML(tipo azione E_IO = VTK_GEO_XML() E_IO = VTK_END_XML() ... = = = = = = =
& & & & & & & & & & &
Nn, vector, var_uns_grid_X, var_uns_grid_Y, var_uns_grid_Z) node, & CLOSE)
& & & &
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B
fortran & portable-kind-precision selection
popular programming language for fortran Fortran is the most obtain fast code and manage large scientic computing. WithBecause it is quite simple multidimensional array. fortran permits the achivment of high performance it is also used on great range of different computer-architettures, and often on the fastest supercomputer in the world. Therefore fortran programs must be portable: portability means that the code will give the same results on every different computer-architettures. One of the most important goal of the numeric code is to control the the numeric error due to nite precision of numerical operations. Fortran uses the ieee rappresentations; integers and reals (oating point) are represented with a nite precision. So when the code computes an operation it has a trunction error due to the truncation of the numerical nite rappresentaions. For numerical and more in general scientic applications this source of errors must be controlled. The programmer must know which is the precision associated to the code variables. Before the standard fortran 90/95 there are not any way to select the precision of the numerical variables in a portable fashion. With the possibility to specify a kind parameter for variables, the standard fortran 90/95 makes avaible two useful functions to select the kind precision of integers and reals:
selected real kind & selected int kind
function selected_real_kind(p,r) result(kind_id) integer, intent(IN), optional:: p integer, intent(IN), optional:: r integer:: kind_id The result, kind_id, is a scalar of type default integer. If both arguments are absent, the result is zero. Otherwise, the result has a value equal to a value of the kind parameter of a real data type with decimal precision, as returned by the function PRECISION, of at
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least p digits and a decimal exponent range, as returned by the function RANGE, of at least r. function selected_int_kind(p) result(kind_id) integer, intent(IN), optional:: p integer:: kind_id The result, kind_id, is a scalar of type default integer. The result has a value equal to the value of the kind parameter of the integer data type that represents all values n in the range of about values n with -10^p < n < 10^p.
Using these two functions the programmer can accurately control the precision of its own variables in a portable manner. Note that specing the kind precision without using these two functions is not portable: real(8) means different precisions on different architettures. Parametrizing the kind of all numerical variables using these two functions makes the portable. The lib vtk io uses this principle to achive portable-kind-precision selection; in the library are dened some parameters by which all variables kind-precisions are parametrized: REAL PRECISION DEFINITIONS R16P real with 33 digits, range [+ 104931 , + 10+4931 1] R8P real with 15 digits, range [+ 10307 , + 10+307 1] R4P real with 6 digits, range [+ 1037 , + 10+ 37 1] INTEGER PRECISION DEFINITIONS I8P range [263 , +263 1] I4P range [231 , +231 1] I2P range [215 , +215 1] I1P range [27 , +27 1]
lib vtk io Kind-Precision Parameters
In order to avoid strange results porting your code the use of parametrized-kind-precision is very useful. The lib vtk io makes avaible to the external its own kind-parameters that can be used to parametrize the code.
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C
dynamic dispatching
not (OOp) programming language. is a procedural Fortran is withan object oriented(ineritance, user-denited data type,Itpolimorphism...) language some of the the goals of OOp. Fortran most important aim is to ensure the performance of the code not its friendliness... Despite its nature, fortran 90/95 makes avaible some interesting features: it permits the dynamic dispatching of functions and subroutine ensuring the best performance. This goal is achived with use of interface construct. In the lib vtk io there are, at today, 4 interface blocks: interface VTK_GEO module procedure VTK_GEO_UNST_R8, VTK_GEO_UNST_R4, VTK_GEO_STRP_R8, VTK_GEO_STRP_R4, VTK_GEO_STRG_R8, VTK_GEO_STRG_R4, VTK_GEO_RECT_R8, VTK_GEO_RECT_R4 endinterface interface VTK_VAR module procedure VTK_VAR_SCAL_R8, VTK_VAR_SCAL_R4, VTK_VAR_SCAL_I4, VTK_VAR_VECT_R8, VTK_VAR_VECT_R4, VTK_VAR_VECT_I4, VTK_VAR_TEXT_R8, VTK_VAR_TEXT_R4
lib vtk io Interface Blocks
& & & & & & &
& & & & & & &
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endinterface interface VTK_GEO_XML module procedure VTK_GEO_XML_STRG_R4, VTK_GEO_XML_STRG_R8, VTK_GEO_XML_RECT_R8, VTK_GEO_XML_RECT_R4, VTK_GEO_XML_UNST_R8, VTK_GEO_XML_UNST_R4, VTK_GEO_XML_CLOSEP endinterface interface VTK_VAR_XML module procedure VTK_VAR_XML_SCAL_R8, VTK_VAR_XML_SCAL_R4, VTK_VAR_XML_SCAL_I8, VTK_VAR_XML_SCAL_I4, VTK_VAR_XML_SCAL_I2, VTK_VAR_XML_SCAL_I1, VTK_VAR_XML_VECT_R8, VTK_VAR_XML_VECT_R4, VTK_VAR_XML_VECT_I8, VTK_VAR_XML_VECT_I4, VTK_VAR_XML_VECT_I2, VTK_VAR_XML_VECT_I1 endinterface
& & & & & &
& & & & & & & & & & &
By the interface construct lib vtk io has a more simple API. The user deals with a few functions without non-sense-long-name... Dynamic dispatching is not the magic wand to solve all problems but it is an useful tool to simplify the code API. It is not powerful as the C++ template, but it is a quantum-leap for fortran programmers.
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D
known bugs
project it is a The lib vtkis io is a very youngtested. Itandused bygood example of wrong programming style... It unstable and not is only one user (... me of course!) and there are a lot of bugs that are still hidden. At the moment several features are missing (the input functions and the poly-data topology...), but it is useful to export fortran data to VTK standard, and this goal was the most important for me. At today only one main bug was found. Fortran allows the automatic reshape of arrays: as an example 2D array can be automatically (in the function calling) transformed to a 1D array with the same number of element of 2D array. The use of dynamic dispatching had disable this feature: dynamic dispatching use the array-shape information to dectet, at compile-time, the correct function to be called. So reshape arrays at calling phase is not allowed. In the next release I will x this bug introducing the function to reshape arrays between 1D, 2D and 3D arrays. A possible, not already found, bug is the non correct kind detection. It is possible that a code uses kind-precision parameter that does not match the lib vtk io parameters. I never observe this bug but it is possible. To avoid it the simple way is to use always the lib vtk io kind-precision parameters; if the parameters actually present do not match your necessities, dene new parameters in lib vtk io and redistribuite lib vtk io with your pacth! Finally there is a strong inefciency when saving XML binary le. To write XML binary lib vtk io uses a temporary scratch le to save binary data while saving all formatting data to the nal XML le; only when all XML formatting data have been written the scratch le is rewinded and the binary data is saved in the nal tag of XML le as raw data. This algorithm is obviously inefcient. Any tip is welcome!
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E
gnu general public license
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Lib VTK Io Guide

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Lib VTK Io Guide

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LIB VTK IO

vtk input/output fortran library

enrico cavallini and renato n. elias

2 The ParaView homepage can be found here: http://www.paraview.org.

news and changes

News and Changes

Compile and Install LIB VTK IO

LIB VTK IO API

6.3 6.4 6.5

a LIB a.1 a.2 a.3 a.4 b

Fortran & Portable-Kind-Precision Selection 54

c Dynamic Dispatching d Known Bugs e 56

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Part I COMPILE AND INSTALL LIB VTK IO

1.1 compile under gnu/linux

recordtype = STREAM, buffered = YES, iostat = ...)

1.1 compile under gnu/linux

1.2 compile under ms windows

ifort test.o LIB_VTK_IO.a -o test.out

The library must be placed in a folder visible by the compiler.

2.1.2 dynamic library

... integer(4):: E_IO ... E_IO = VTK_INI(.... ...

Part II LIB VTK IO API

Functions for XML VTK le format

lib vtk io variables

Integer precision denitions:

lib vtk io variables

lib vtk io variables

Integer output formats:

lib vtk io variables

lib vtk io variables

5.1 function getunit

getunit signature function GetUnit ( ) r e s u l t ( F r e e U n i t )

5.2 function upper case

5.2 function upper case

upper case signature function Upper Case ( s t r i n g )

upper case variables

The following is the code snippet of Upper Case function.

5.2 function upper case

557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564

VTK VAR SCALAR DATA

VTK VAR REAL VECTORIAL DATA VTK VAR TEXTURE DATA 29 28

VTK VAR INTEGER VECTORIAL DATA

Function VTK END

6.1 function vtk ini

vtk ini signature f u n c t i o n VTK INI ( o u t p u t f o r m a t , f i l e n a m e , t i t l e , m e s h t o p o l o g y ) r e s u l t ( E IO )

6.2 vtk geo

vtk ini variables

... E_IO = VTK_INI(Binary,example.vtk,VTK legacy file,UNSTRUCTURED_GRID) ...

Note that the .vtk extension is necessary in the le name.

6.2 vtk geo

6.2 vtk geo

6.2.1 vtk geo structured points

vtk geo structured points signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO( Nx , Ny , Nz , X0 , Y0 , Z0 , Dx , Dy , Dz ) r e s u l t ( E IO )

vtk geo structured points variables

6.2 vtk geo

6.2.2 vtk geo structured grid

vtk geo structured grid signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO( Nx , Ny , Nz ,NN, X, Y , Z ) r e s u l t ( E IO )

vtk geo structured grid variables

6.2 vtk geo

6.2.3 vtk geo rectilinear grid

vtk geo rectilinear grid signature f u n c t i o n VTK GEO( Nx , Ny , Nz , X, Y , Z ) r e s u l t ( E IO )

vtk geo rectilinear grid signature