CHAPTER 4: MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

Learning outcome: By using Moment Distribution Method student should have the:a. Ability to calculate the internal forces and draw BMD and SFD for statically indeterminate beam without sinking/support settlement. b. Ability to calculate the internal forces and draw BMD and SFD for statically indeterminate beam with sinking/support settlement. c. Ability to calculate the internal forces and draw BMD for statically indeterminate frame without sidesway. d. Ability to calculate the internal forces and draw BMD for statically indeterminate frame with sidesway. Introduction The Moment Distribution Method can be used only for the analysis of continuous beam and frame, taking into account only their bending deformation only. MDM is an iterative procedure, in which it is initially assumed all joints of the structure are free to rotate are temporarily restrained against rotation by imaginary clamps applied to them. The unbalanced FEM is iterated until the equilibrium state reach at the joint. MDM does not involve the solution of as much simultaneous equation. Assuming each joint of the structure is fixed. The internal moment at the joint are distributed and balance until the joint has rotated to their final position.

Definition and concept a. Sign convention Clockwise moment Counterclockwise moment b. Fixed end moment Refer to the attachment positive +ve negative ve

c. Member stiffness factor, k The amount of moment required to rotated the end of the member A = 1.0 From SDE
EI =constant A A L B

MAB

MAB = M= k=

if far member end fixed

Beam with far end fixed

MAB EI =constant A L A

M=
B

k=

if far member end hinged

Beam with far end hinged

d. Joint stiffness factor, K The amount needed to rotate the joint through an angle if 1rad
M = 2000 N.m D A kAD = 1000 kAB = 4000 kAC = 5000 C

The stiffness factor at the joint A :B

KA = k = kAD + kAB + kAC = 1000 + 4000 + 5000 = 10000

e. Distribution factor, Distribution factor is the fraction of total resisting moment of each member to resist applied moment at the joint.

Example AD = 1000/10000 = 0.1 AB = 4000/10000 = 0.4 AC = 5000/10000 = 0.5 1.0 MAD = 0.1(2000) = 200 N.m MAB = 0.4(2000) = 800 N.m MAC = 0.5(2000) = 1000 N.m

WHY???
DF = 1 for pinned or cantilevered end DF = 0 for fixed end
f. Carryover moment When the moment magnitude M is applied at the hinge end of a beam, one-half of the applied moment is carried over to the far end, provided that the far end is fixed. Note that the direction of the carried over moment is the same as the applied moment, M. When the far end is hinged, the carryover moment is zero.
MAB EI =constant A A L B MBA = MBA

If far end of member is

fixed

Beam with far end fixed

MAB EI =constant A L A MBA B

0 If far end of member is

hinged

Beam with far end hinged Carryover factor of the member is the ratio of the conveyor moment to the applied moment. It represents the fraction of the applied moment M that is carried over to the far end of the member. . If far end of member is fixed
COF=

0. If far end of member is hinged

ANALYSIS OF CONTINOUS BEAM. (With and without sinking.) Calculate: i. Fixed end moment: Assuming that all the free joint are clamps against rotation. Compute the FEM for each member due to external load acting on the span and support settlement (if any). Please refer to attachment. Note that clockwise FEM is positive. ii. Member stiffness factor iii. Joint stiffness factor iv. Distribution factor v. Distribution table: Applying moment-distribution process:a. At each joint, evaluate the unbalance moment and distribute the unbalance moment to the members connected to the joint. The distribution moment at each member end rigidly connected to the joint is obtain by multiplying the negative of the unbalance moment by the distribution factor for the member end. b. Carry over one-half of each distribution moment to the opposite (far) end of member c. Repeat step (a) and (b) until either all the free joints are balanced or the negligibly small unbalanced moment at this joint. vi. Final member end moment: Algebraically summing the fixed end moment and all the distributed and carryover moments at each member end. The final moment must satisfy the equation of moment equilibrium at all joints of the structure that free to rotate. vii. Reaction: Compute the member end shear. For each member: a. Draw FBD for showing the external load and end moment. b. Apply the equilibrium equation to calculate the shear force at the end of member. viii. ix. Shear force diagram Bending moment diagram

Structure with simple support at the ends The foregoing procedure can be used to analyze continuous beam that are simply supported at one or both end. However, the analysis of such structure can be simplified by turn the joint moment at the simple support to be zero (actual moment) at the beginning of distribution. Structure with cantilever overhangs The cantilever portion CD does not contribute to the rotational stiffness of joint C, the distribution factor of its end C is zero. Thus, joint C can be treated as simple end support for the analysis. The moment at end C of the cantilever, however does not effect the unbalance moment of joint C (Actual moment). Note that the cantilever portion CD is statically determinate, therefore the moment at its end C can be easily evaluated by applying the equation of moment equilibrium.
MCD C 5 kN/m A 15 kN 15 kN D 15 kN
Statically determinate cantilever portion

10 m

5m

5m

7m

Simple support at the end 4 EI k AB 10 4 EI AB 10 1 4 EI 0 10 If support A is fixed 4 EI k AB 10 4 EI AB 10 0 4 EI 10

Cantilever at the end

k CB 4 EI 7 1 CD 1 0 1

CB

Note: Moment does not distribute in the overhanging span CD, so the distribution factor CD=0

ANALYSIS OF PORTAL FRAME WITHOUT SIDESWAY The procedure for the frame without sidesway is similar to the analysis of continuous beam. However it may be differs for the case where more than two members connected to joint on frame. The distribution table will be explained in the example. Condition of the non-sway frame: NON-SWAY FRAME Condition Analysis procedure Properly/horizontally restrained frame. All condition of frame Same as beam

Symmetrical frame symmetrical load & geometry

Same as beam

ANALYSIS OF PORTAL FRAME WITH SIDESWAY (displaced to the side)

REAL FRAME

Artificial restrained applied

Artificial restrained removed

Final moment, M

Moment due to load, Moment due to sway, + ML MS

SWAY FRAME Condition (without horizontal restraint) 1. Horizontal loading acting on the column of the frame

Analysis procedure 1. Fixed end moment due to load 2. Stiffness factor 3. Distribution factor 4. Distribution table for loading.(w/o sway) ML 5. P-value: Apply load P (restraint the sway)on the frame with actual loading, FX=0 P 6. Fixed end moment due to sway 7. Distribution table for sway moment MS 8. S-value: Apply load S (opposite the p direction) on the frame w/o actual loading, FX=0 S 9. Z-value = P/S 10. Table of final moment M=ML+Z(Ms)

11. Eccentric @ unsymmetrical loading acting on the beam of the frame

12. Unsymmetrical outline of the frame

13. Different end/restraint condition of the column

14. Frame with inclined column.

15. Settlement of the support

16. non-prismatic frame

17. Combination of all above.